Operaciones con matrices

Determinante de una matriz

Gabriela A. Uribe, Jerlys V. Varela,

Administración de empresas

Universidad Minuto de Dios

Algebra lineal

Darío Fuentes Escalante

NRC 10-7516

14 de Abril de 2022
 TAREA 3 (Pág. 387)
Ejercicios del 5 al 24

(5 – 28) calcule los siguientes determinantes

3 −1
5. | |
4 7

= 3 × 7 − (−1) × 4

= 21 + 4

= 25

5 8
6. | |
3 −2

= 5 × (−2) − 8 × 3

= −10 − 24

= 34

−6 −7
7. | |
−8 −3

= −6 × (−3) − (−7) × (−8)

= 18 − 56

= −38
 2 𝑥
8. | |
0 1

=2×1−𝑥×0

=2−0

=2

𝑎 −2
9. | |
𝑏 3

= 𝑎 × 3 − (−2) × 𝑏

= 3𝑎 + 2𝑏

5 𝑎
10. | |
−𝑎 4

= 5 × 4 − 𝑎 × (−𝑎)

= 20 + 𝑎2

32 2
11. | |
64 5

= 32 × 5 − 2 × 64

= 160 − 128

= 32
 274 3
12. | |
558 7

= 274 × 7 − 3 × 558

= 1918 − 1674

= 244

59 3
13. | |
64 0

= 59 × 0 − 3 × 64

= 0 − 192

= −192

𝑎+1 2−𝑎
14. | |
2𝑎 + 3 5 − 2𝑎

= (𝑎 + 1)(5 − 2𝑎) − (2 − 𝑎)(2𝑎 + 3)

= 5𝑎 − 2𝑎2 + 5 − 2𝑎 − (4𝑎 + 6 − 2𝑎2 − 3𝑎)

= 3𝑎 − 2𝑎2 + 5 − 𝑎 − 6 + 2𝑎2

= 2a − 1

𝑎 𝑏
15. | |
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐

= 𝑎 (𝑏 + 𝑐 ) − 𝑏 ( 𝑎 + 𝑏 )

= 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏2
 𝑥+2 𝑥−1
16. | |
3 𝑥

= 𝑥 (𝑥 + 2) − 3(𝑥 − 1)

= 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 3

= 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 3

2 1 4
17. |3 5 −1|
1 0 0

5 −1 3 −1 3 5
= 2| |−1 | | + 4| |
0 0 1 0 1 0

= 2(5 × 0 − (−1) × 0) − 1(3 × 0 − (−1) × 1) + 4(3 × 0 − 5 × 1)

= 2(0 − 0) − 1(0 + 1) + 4(0 − 5)

= 2(0) − 1(1) + 4(−5)

= 0 − 1 − 20

= −21

1 −2 3
18. |4 0 5|
6 0 7

0 5 4 5 4 0
= 1| | − (−2) | | + 3| |
0 7 6 7 6 0

= 1(0 × 7 − 5 × 0) + 2(4 × 7 − 5 × 6) + 3(4 × 0 − 0 × 6)

= 1(0 − 0) + 2(28 − 30) + 3(0 − 0)

= 1(0) + 2(−2) + 3(0)

=0−4+0

= −4
 1 3 −2
19. |0 2 1|
4 −1 3

2 1 0 1 0 2
= 1| |−3 | | + (−2) | |
−1 3 4 3 4 −1

= 1(2 × 3 − 1 × (−1)) − 3(0 × 3 − 1 × 4) − 2(0 × (−1) − 2 × 4)

= 1(6 + 1) − 3(0 − 4) − 2(0 − 8)

= 1(7) − 3(−4) − 2(−8)

= 7 + 12 + 16

= 35

3 1 0
20. |0 −2 1|
2 0 5

−2 1 0 1 0 −2
= 3| |−1 | | + 0| |
0 5 2 5 2 0

= 3((−2) × 5 − 1 × 0) − 1(0 × 5 − 1 × 2) + 0(0 × 0 − (−2) × 2)

= 3(−10 − 0) − 1(0 − 2) + 0

= 3(−10) − 1(−2) + 0

= −30 + 2 + 0

= −28
 2 3 4
21. |5 6 7 |
8 9 10

6 7 5 7 5 6
= 2| |−3| | + 4| |
9 10 8 10 8 9

= 2(6 × 10 − 7 × 9) − 3(5 × 10 − 7 × 8) + 4(5 × 9 − 6 × 8)

= 2(60 − 63) − 3(50 − 56) + 4(45 − 48)

= 2(−3) − 3(−6) + 4(−3)

= −6 + 18 − 12

=0

5 10 1
22. |8 5 4|
1 4 2

5 4| 8 4
= 5| − 10 | | + 1 |8 5|
4 2 1 2 1 4

= 5(5 × 2 − 4 × 4) − 10(8 × 2 − 4 × 1) + 1(8 × 4 − 5 × 1)

= 5(10 − 16) − 10(16 − 4) + 1(32 − 5)

= 5(−6) − 10(12) + 1(27)

= −30 − 120 + 27

= −123

1 2 4
23. 2 5 1|
|
3 8 4

5 1 2 1 2 5
= 1| |−2 | | + 4| |
8 4 3 4 3 8

= 1(5 × 4 − 1 × 8) − 2(2 × 4 − 1 × 3) + 4(2 × 8 − 5 × 3)

= 1(20 − 8) − 2(8 − 3) + 4(16 − 15)

= 1(12) − 2(5) + 4(1)

= 12 − 10 + 4

=6

7 9 3
24. |8 2 0|
0 5 4

2 0 8 0 8 2
= 7| |−9 | | + 3| |
5 4 0 4 0 5

= 7(2 × 4 − 0 × 5) − 9(8 × 4 − 0 × 0) + 3(8 × 5 − 2 × 0)

= 7(8 − 0) − 9(32 − 0) + 3(40 − 0)

= 7(8) − 9(32) + 3(40)

= 56 − 288 + 120

= −112
 TAREA 4 (Pág. 321)
Ejercicios del 7 al 20

(7 – 14) efectué las operaciones indicadas y simplifique

2 4
7. 3 [ ]
1 3

3 ∙ (2) 3 ∙ (4)
= [ ]
3 ∙ (1) 3 ∙ (3)

6 12
=[ ]
3 9

1 −2 3
8. −2 [−2 1 −4]
3 0 2

(−2) ∙ 1 (−2) ∙ (−2) (−2) ∙ 3

= [(−2) ∙ (−2) (−2) ∙ 1 (−2) ∙ (−4)]
(−2) ∙ 3 (−2) ∙ 0 (−2) ∙ 2

−2 4 −6
= [ 4 −2 8]
−6 0 −4

2 1 3 0 −1 2
9. [ ]+[ ]
−1 4 7 1 2 −8

2 + 0 1 + (−1) 3+2
=[ ]
−1 + 1 4+2 7 + (−8)

2 0 5
=[ ]
0 6 −1
 3 1 4 1 −2 5
10. [−2 5 −3] − [ 2 −1 −4]
0 −1 2 −3 2 1

3−1 1 − (−2) 4−5

= [ −2 − 2 5 − (−1) −3 − (−4)]
0 − (−3) −1 − 2 2−1

2 3 −1
= [−4 6 1]
3 −3 1

1 2 −2 3
11. 2 [ ] + 3[ ]
−1 3 1 0

2 ∙ (1) 2 ∙ (2) 3 ∙ (−2) 3 ∙ (3)

=[ ]+[ ]
2 ∙ (−1) 2 ∙ (3) 3 ∙ (1) 3 ∙ (0)

2 4 −6 9
=[ ]+[ ]
−2 6 3 0

2 + (−6) 4 + 9]
=[
−2 + 3 6+0

−4 13
= [ ]
1 6
 2 1 1 −2
12. 3 [−1 3] − 2 [ 2 3]
4 7 −3 0

3 ∙ (2) 3 ∙ (1) 2 ∙ (1) 2 ∙ (−2)

= [3 ∙ (−1) 3 ∙ (3)] − [ 2 ∙ (2) 2 ∙ (3) ]
3 ∙ (4) 3 ∙ (7) 2 ∙ (−3) 2 ∙ (0)

6 3 2 −4
= [−3 9 ] − [ 4 6]
12 21 −6 0

6−2 3 − (−4)
= [ −3 − 4 9−6 ]
12 − (−6) 21 − 0

4 7
= [−7 3 ]
18 21

1 2 3 0 −1 2
13. 2 [2 −1 0] + 3 [ 3 2 −4]
4 5 6 −1 0 3

2 ∙ (1) 2 ∙ (2) 2 ∙ (3) 3 ∙ (0) 3 ∙ (−1) 3 ∙ (2)

= [2 ∙ (2) 2 ∙ (−1) 2 ∙ (0)] + [ 3 ∙ (3) 3 ∙ (2) 3 ∙ (−4)]
2 ∙ (4) 2 ∙ (5) 2 ∙ (6) 3 ∙ (−1) 3 ∙ (0) 3 ∙ (3)

2 4 6 0 −3 6
= [4 −2 0 ] + [ 9 4 −12]
8 10 12 −3 0 9

2+0 4 + (−3) 6+6

=[ 4+9 −2 + 4 0 + (−12)]
8 + (−3) 10 + 0 12 + 9

2 1 12
= [13 2 −12]
5 10 21
 1 0 −3 4 2 −1 2 3
14. 4 [2 −1 5 1 ] − 5 [1 0 −3 4 ]
3 2 0 −2 3 1 0 −5

4 ∙ (1) 4 ∙ (0) 4 ∙ (−3) 4 ∙ (4) 5 ∙ (2) 5 ∙ (−1) 5 ∙ (2) 5 ∙ (3)

= [4 ∙ (2) 4 ∙ (−1) 4 ∙ (5) 4 ∙ (1) ] − [5 ∙ (1) 5 ∙ (0) 5 ∙ (−3) 5 ∙ (4) ]
4 ∙ (3) 4 ∙ (2) 4 ∙ (0) 4 ∙ (−2) 5 ∙ (3) 5 ∙ (1) 5 ∙ (0) 5 ∙ (−5)

4 0 −12 16 10 −5 10 15
= [ 8 −4 20 4 ]−[5 0 −15 20 ]
12 8 0 −8 15 5 0 −25

4 − 19 0−5 −12 − 10 16 − 15
= [ 8−5 −4 − 0 20 − (−15) 4 − 20 ]
12 − 15 8 − 5 0−0 −8 − 25

−15 −5 −22 1
=[ 3 −4 35 −16]
−3 3 0 −33

(15 – 24) Determine los valores de las variables para las cuales las siguientes

ecuaciones son válidas.

𝑥 2 1 2
15. [ ]=[ ]
3 𝑦 3 4

De la igualdad matrical tenemos lo siguiente

𝑥=2

2=2

3=3

𝑦=4
 3 −1 𝑦+2 𝑧
16. [ ]=[ ]
𝑥 0 4 𝑡−1

De la igualdad matrical tenemos lo siguiente

3=𝑦+2 → 3−2=𝑦 → 1=𝑦

−1 = 𝑧

𝑥=4

0=𝑡−1 → 1=𝑡

4 𝑥 3 𝑦−1 2−𝑥 3
17. [ ]=[ ]
𝑦 −1 2 5 𝑧+1 2

De la igualdad matrical tenemos lo siguiente

4=𝑦−1 → 4+1=𝑦 → 5=𝑦

2
𝑥 = 2−𝑥 → 𝑥+𝑥 = 2 → 2𝑥 = 2 → 𝑥=2 → 𝑥=1

3=3

𝑦=5

−1 = 𝑧 + 1 → −1 − 1 = 𝑧 → 𝑧 = −2

2=2
 𝑥+2 5 𝑦−3 3 𝑡 + 1 2𝑦 − 5
18. [ ]=[ ]
4 𝑧−6 7 4 2 𝑧−1

De la igualdad matrical tenemos lo siguiente

𝑥+2= 3 → 𝑥 =3−2 → 𝑥=1

5=𝑡+1 → 5−1 = 𝑡 → 4=𝑡

𝑦 − 3 = 2𝑦 − 5 → −3 + 5 = 2𝑦 − 𝑦 → 2=𝑦

4=4

𝑧−6=2 → 𝑧 = 2+6 →𝑧=8

7=𝑧−1 → 7+1=𝑧 → 𝑧=8

1 −2 𝑥 1 𝑡 6
19. [𝑦 3 4] = [ 5 3 4]
2 𝑧 3 𝑢 2 𝑣

De la igualdad matrical tenemos lo siguiente

1=1

−2 = 𝑡

𝑥=6

𝑦=5

3=3

4=4

𝑧=2

3=𝑣
 𝑥+1 2 3 2𝑥 − 1 𝑡 + 1 3
20. [ 4 𝑦−1 5 ] =[𝑣+1 −3 5 ]
𝑢 −1 𝑧 + 2 −4 𝑤−1 2𝑧 − 1

De la igualdad matrical tenemos lo siguiente

𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑥 − 1 → 1 + 1 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 → 𝑥=2

2=𝑡+1 → 2−1 = 𝑡 → 1=𝑡

3=3

4=𝑣+1 → 4−1= 𝑣 → 3=𝑣

𝑦 + 1 = −3 → 𝑦 = −3 − 1 → 𝑦 = −4

5=5

𝑢 = −4

−1 = 𝑤 − 1 → −1 + 1 = 𝑤 →𝑤=0
3
𝑧 + 2 = 2𝑧 − 1 → 2 + 1 = 𝑧 + 2𝑧 → 3 = 3𝑧 → =𝑧 → 𝑧=1
3