JESUS we started the first generation

It occurs from the year 1940 to 1958, always

considering moments of launches or major events and
not the previous moments of study. Which, have
often been hidden in a premeditated way so that the
competition did not know what was being worked on.
Obviously, the milestone that makes us speak of a
first generation of computers is the step from
performing calculations manually or semi-manually to
doing it digitally and automatically. In addition, we
have other characteristic aspects such as: • The
immense size of these computing machines, several
square meters (or even cubic meters, since they were
also considerably tall). • Its construction with vacuum
valve systems to carry out the replacement of moving
mechanical parts. • The use of the so-called "machine
language". • These machines had a precise objective,
being demanded by academies and military centers
essentially. Neumann, Mauchly and Aiken, among
others, leave us jewels such as the Z1, the first
combined, the Colossus, created to communicate
during World War II, the ENIAC, which included the
CPU as we know it. Or the MARK I, main
computational machines of these years.
 CESAR we started the second
generation
This, very small, extends from 1958 to 1964. What
defines it is the use of transistors in computers to end
up replacing vacuum tubes, which occupied about
200 times more.
• As you can imagine, this would mean a great
reduction in the size of the machines. They also
consume less and produce less heat.
• All this means that we can now speak of the birth of
the minicomputer.
• These teams begin to be used in more sectors,
especially in banking and accounting and warehouse
logistics in general.
• We see that microprogramming is developed in
1959.
• More complex languages, called "high level", are
also beginning to be used.
• The commercialization of COBOL was very famous.
Unforgettable personalities from this stage such as
the multi-award-winning Amdal, who was in charge of
designing the IBM 360 series, a set of machines with
the same software, but different specifications that
allowed the user to get hold of the most suitable one
to satisfy their needs. Bardeen, Brattain, and
Shockley, who worked to invent the transistor, and M.
Wilkes, who developed microprogramming.
As for the computers that stand out in these years,
we have the IBM 1401, which is considered the most
successful machine in all of history (selling 12,000
units), the PDP-1, designed to be used by workers and
not by mathematicians and engineers, the IBM
Strench, which was the first supercomputer to include
a complete transistor system, or the aforementioned
IBM 360 series.
OMAR we started the third generation
In this case, what marks the third generation, which
covers the years from 1965 to 1971, of computers is
the use of silicon chip circuits to perform information
processing, encompassing the previous transistors
and other elements.
• In this way, a more capable processing was achieved
in a smaller space and with fewer independent
elements, which favors the reduction of incidents.
• It is very remarkable that computers start to be
used "on a regular basis" for commercial purposes.
We can say that during these years the devices
become more "accessible", being known throughout
the world and having features that make it useful for
a larger audience.
• They improve reliability and are more flexible.
• Teleprocessing and multiprogramming become
common.
• In addition, we are beginning to talk about the
computer on a personal level.
The IBM 360 series, already important in the previous
stage, would be the first to include integrated circuits.
The PDP-8 also stands out, a minicomputer for social
use that sold half a million copies and that worked
with three programming languages. The PDP-11,
profitable for a decade, was the first to have a single,
asynchronous bus on which to connect all of its parts.
They helped to make all of the above possible
personalities such as Kilby, inventor and developer of
the integrated circuit, and Noyce, who solved the
initial problems of this, Ted Hoff, who invented the
microprocessor, of special importance years later, and
Kurtz and Kenemy, who developed the universal
BASIC language.
MELLANY we started the fourth generation
We advance to the year 1980 in a context in which
the big step is the replacement of conventional
processors by microprocessors.
• This supposes a new miniaturization of many of the
parts of the computer.
• There is also a multiplication in power, capacity and
flexibility.
• Until the point of appearing and putting on sale
personal computers, which happens in the year 1977.
Other aspects of the decade to be highlighted are the
appearance of the graphic interface, the coining of
the term "microcomputer", the interconnection in
networks to make use of the share of resources and
the development of the capabilities of
supercomputers.
To achieve this, experts such as Ted Hoff worked hard,
who, as we have already mentioned, was the brain
that developed the concept of the microprocessor.
Kemeny and Kurtz, who continued to be benchmarks
for the increasing and more successful use of their
programming language. The firm Intel, which
launched the first microprocessor in history, Bill
Gates, the face of Altair Basic, the famous and
revolutionary interpreter of BASIC, and Wozniak, a
child prodigy capable of inventing all kinds of devices
and improving them until they became practically
different.
During the 70 unforgettable teams appear. The first is
Cray-1, the first supercomputer to use a
microprocessor. PDP-11, already revolutionary
before, continued to be talked about by being so good
that, instead of designing another piece of equipment
to offer the novelties of the sector, work was done on
it to include them, keeping it on the market, and with
great success.
Altair 8800 is the best-selling computer with a
microprocessor (perhaps, in part, because it goes on
sale along with a mouse and keyboard), in this case, a
16-bit Intel 8080. The Apple II family revolutionizes
the market by launching as a useful device for the
home user, including benefits that come with the
spreadsheet; Interestingly, the brand started out very
affordable.
HYUNKEL we started the fifth generation
This is indeed a strange generation of computers.
This is because it is described in two very different
ways. On the one hand, there is talk of the moment
when Japan undertakes a project, a total failure, on
improvements in computing related to artificial
intelligence.
This was carried out starting in 1982 and lasted more
than a decade, until it was considered unfeasible to
continue with it considering the millionaire cost in
resources and the results, which were negative, to say
the least.
However, we must give this project a big round of
applause because, in fact, and as you may be thinking
right now, the Japanese set their sights on exactly the
point where it seems that the technology is going to
be based during the next few years. centuries.
On the other hand, we can say that, apart from this
project, what defines this long period of time or,
rather, what makes us consider it as a different one, is
the development of the laptop.
Of course, for so many years and at such an advanced
moment, much more has been achieved in terms of
computing and information technology in general.
Next, we expose the milestones achieved in these
wonderful years:
• Exponentially increase the speed and amount of
memory available on computers.
• Languages are translated immediately.
• A number of ports are beginning to be introduced in
computers and, with this, the possibilities are
multiplied and greater personalization of these is
allowed. The most popular and most important are,
without a doubt, storage devices.
• Computers can once again be designed to be even
smaller.
• Software is multiplying, appearing now of all kinds
and at all levels of complexity.
• All this makes the fashion of cloning famous
equipment come back.
• Multimedia content stands out from the rest.
The inventions of the moment were the Osborne 1
portable microcomputer, the first to be presented at
a fair, the Epson HX.20.
Another much more functional laptop, with a dual
processor and microcassette storage, the flexible, thin
and removable disk, ready to store information and
be able to carry it with us comfortably and Windows
95, the first Windows operating system and, without a
doubt, the most known all over the planet.
SOFIA we started the sixth generation
We are in what is known as the sixth generation of
computers, a stage in which there is no general
characteristic but we find a lot of everything in terms
of quantity and quality.

What we do find as a turning point to start the stage

is wireless connectivity that allows us to be connected
to networks and other devices without the need to
use cables.

We will highlight points such as:

• The development of other smart devices, first

telephones and later many others such as televisions,
watches and even household appliances.

• A brutal range of devices for all tastes and needs.

• Internet as a common element and, in fact,
necessary in the day to day of the whole world.

• Making cloud services available to all users.

• The popularization of streaming content.

• Online commerce is also developing considerably

until it becomes, in fact, a standard.

• A dizzying leap in terms of artificial intelligence.

• Use of vectorial and parallel architectures for

computers.

• The storage volume of both internal and external

memories stands out and gains importance.

The inventions and events of this millennium are WiFi,

fiber optics, the capacity of storage units, SSD hard
drives, smartphones, mobile operating systems, much
smaller laptops and those that are already known as
"desktop laptops" for their incredible features,
identical to those of PCs.