Autonomous Driving:

Issues & Future

Challenges
Ts. Hazril Bin Md Isa
Postgraduate Researcher (PhD)
International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)
Presentation Outline
Introduction:

Definition of Autonomous Driving

Brief History of Autonomous Driving Technology
Importance of Autonomous Driving in Modern Transportation

Part 2:

Benefits of Autonomous Driving

Current Development in Malaysia

Part 3:

Current Issues With Autonomous Driving

Future Challenges & Opportunities
Conclusion
 What is Autonomous Driving?
Vehicle’s ability to navigate without human intervention

Relies on sensors and softwares that help vehicle to make decision

Has five (5) levels of automation from level 0 (no

automation at all) to level 5 (full automation)
1920s
1980s
First attempt to create
self-driving vehicles in First full model self- Early 2000s
New York City. 2010s
driving car produced DARPA Grand
“Futurama” prototype by Munich University, Competition held in
produced by General under Ernst US. Prototype Self driving cars
Motors Dickmanns as their introduced in huge
autonomous vehicles
lead researcher presented by scale by Google, Tesla,
competitors. Nobody Uber & Waymo
finished the race.
Why Autonomous Reduce traffic
Driving? congestion

Provides accessible
to transport for
people with
disabilities and Cost savings for
unable to drive transportation
company

Reduces accident
probability due to
human error
Reduce stress
levels while
driving
What Do We have In Malaysia Right
Now?
The Malaysia
Automotive,
Robotics and
IoT Institute
(MARii)

Perusahaan Cyberjaya
Otomobil Autonomous
Kedua Vehicle Testing
Industry-led
(Perodua) and Research
initiatives
Government Centre (CAVe)

Initiatives

Ministry of
National Transport
Regulatory
Sandbox
What Do We have In
Malaysia Right Now?

Intelligent Transport System (ITS)

Project (Testing stage. Autonomous Drone Delivery,
Government-private initiative)) Project by MCMC (Early stage)

Sunway Autonomous Vehicle Autonomous vehicle by Perodua

(SAV) Project (Comissioned in (Moving towards autonomous
2019) in years time)

Autonomous Trucks
Transportation for Logistics in Higher Education Institutions
Malaysia (testing stage by PLUS (Actively research and develop
Berhad, HART Project)) autonomous vehicles)
 Safety Regulation

Challenges in
Liability Autonomous
Driving

Infrastructure Cybersecurity
 Challenge 1: Traditional accident:
Liability Liability falls into the driver who caused the accident.

When the accident involves autonomous

vehicle…

Incorrect
Malfunctioned Insurance
software
sensors, claims
decision
The effect will be:

Lengthy battle for insurance claims

No clear guilty parties to pay for the damages (the driver, manufacturers,
vendors, etc.)
 Challenge 2: Cybersecurity
Safety threats

How quick
the system Hacking,
Adverse
response to malware, virus
weather
unexpected
conditions
disturbance

Fail-safe
mechanism
Affects sensor
vision

Any backup system

when autonomous
system breaks
down?
 Physical Challenge 3: Digital Sophisticated
infrastructure Infrastructure infrastructure & updated
mapping

Roadside
sensors
Smooth &
advanced
communicati
Large fund needed on system
Roadside
barricade for future
investment for
both infrastructure
Lane change
detector
 For
government
For local
government

Industry
Academicians players
 Provide more
funds for research
& development of
autonomous
vehicle

Improve
Opportunity Drive more

Law amendment?
regulatory aspects
regarding
autonomous
for initiatives with
private sectors &
industry players
vehicles
Government
Dive for bright
desigers from
secondary
schools, university
(collaboration
with KPM?)
 Actively
maintain the
facilities

Opportunity Invest on
Collaborate Support more facilities
with higher research &
Development
for Local that cater
autonomous
education
institution Government vehicles

Provide
better
regulatory
guidance
 Create more
inter-
discipline
collaboration

Opportunity
Support
research & for Higher Collaborate
with industry
Development
Education players

Institutions
Conclusion