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South Africa.
Critical analysis of SCM within inbound, operations, and outbound logistics: A case study Coca-Cola
South Africa. Determine a flow of material in the operational logistics environment. Analyse a full cycle of
the SCM as per an accepted practice model. Include QMS requirements.
Abstract
1. Introduction
Coca-cola Company has established itself as a global brand in the Supply Chain
Management of soft drinks. Through the years, the company has establishments,
plants and operational units in almost all parts of the world. In terms of providing soft
drinks, coca-cola company is probably is one of the world’s most powerful brands.
Through use of modern technology, use of feasible operational strategies as well as
a structured supply chain, the company has made tremendous profits. In the United
States as well as other developed economies, companies use innovative practices.
In this period of social development, one cannot ignore the fact that even industries
in third world economies use innovative operations and supply chain practices.
2. Problem statement
3. Literature review (Critical analysis and argumentation)
4. Coca-Cola Business Model
2. Revenue Model
The sale of a variety of drinks, including sparkling soft drinks, water, reinforced
water, and sports beverages and juices, milky beverages as well as plant beverages
and energy beverages, are the source of Coca-Cola income. In the whole year,
revenues are predicted to grow by 9.3% from 31.9 billion dollars in 2018 to 34.8
billion dollars in 2019 and by 4.7% to 36.5 billion dollars in 2020. The growth in
nearly all key areas will likely create higher revenues compared to slightly smaller
revenues from the transportation business. The firm announced several major
acquisitions by 2018 such that Costa Limited and a Strategic Partnership with
BODYARMOR will further drive revenue growth through Coca-inorganic Cola’s
development initiatives. The new company, which is a rapidly increasing leader in
drinking categories, including juices, value-added dairy, and ice tea, has recently
announced its acquisition of full ownership in Chi Ltd. in Nigeria.
3. Key Activities
Bottling
Syrup manufacture and supply
Marketing
Distribution in enormous quantities of the physical product (franchises)
Manufacture (franchises)
4. Channels
Restaurants
Vending machines
Stores
Supermarkets
Website
Social Media
TV
Snapshots
5. Value Proposition
The Coca -Cola Company is a consumer and client value organization. For this
organization, customers are their energy supply. The value begins with the products
of coca-cola. Therefore, more diversity of brands, pricing, packaging, and
accessibility can achieve this. This is important. Coca-Cola products also focus on
the satisfaction of the customer’s lifestyle. For instance, if someone was going to
have a diet, coke is on a diet. Consequently, Coca-Cola meets the customer’s
product requirements.
Coca-Cola has more than 400 brands (including water, juice, teas, coffees, energy,
and sodas) and wants to get its customers to try something new. The choice of coca-
cola products is actually for consumers. “Open Happiness” was one of Coca-Cola’s
slogans. Cola’s This motto was used by the consumers to allow consumers to enjoy
their products. Coca-Cola meets the current needs of consumers with non-alcoholic
drinks. The coke side of life, which is happy when you’re opening a can of coke or
any other product, is the current value offer for Coca-Cola. The coke side of life.
6. Target Audience
In general, Coke has no special goal and is aimed at all. The brand is nevertheless
able to reach the main consumers aged 12-23. Although the brand cannot reach
them through partnerships, such as restaurants, fast foods, like McDonald’s, or due
to its value for its consumers, even if there are no specific products or
communication at least 12 or more than 30 years old. Coca-main Cola’s target
audience is young people or young people. Their goal is not gender-based, but the
results indicate that both sexes like and use this product (nearly 50/50). Finally, each
customer is regarded as a target and a potential consumer by Coca-Cola.
7. Resources of Coca-Cola
The financial resources of Coca-Cola are solid and durable. Strong financial
resources are utilized to invest billions of dollars in important areas like India, China,
Russia, and a few potential countries like Vietnam. Investment funds are being used
to construct the brand, infrastructure and form a partnership for expanding the
distribution network. Intangible resources are defined as the technological resources
and reputation of Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola invests in the modernization of machinery in
terms of technological resources. Coca-commitment cola’s to employees is vital.
Their achievement hinges on their employee motivation. Therefore, Coca-Cola
commonly organizes the exam to determine the level of commitment and work
conditions satisfaction.
8. Partnership of Coca-Cola
World Economic Forum: Coca-Cola is a major supporter of the World Economic
Forum, which was founded on the premise that corporations have a responsibility to
more than just their shareholders, but also all their stakeholders – even enormous
societies.
United States Agency for International Development (USAID): Over the previous
decade, Coca-Cola and USAID have cooperated on more than 40 projects in 30
countries and have maintained the longest-standing water and sanitation
collaboration.
American Red Cross: Since 1917 Coca-Cola and the Red Cross have been
working together to assist needy communities through blood disaster relief, disaster
relief…
World Wildlife Fund (WWF): For almost a decade, the WWF and Coca-Cola have
cooperated to improve the health and environmental performance of freshwater
basins across the supply, emissions, and packaging chain of Coca-Cola. Together,
we contribute to a future that is more climactic and waterproof.
Special Olympics: We support Special Olympics’ dedication to social inclusion and
programs as a founding partner of Special Olympics since 1968, through
sponsorship, in-kind support, volunteers, and conscience projects.
9. Company’s Management
Coca-Cola follows a business strategy where it invests initially in bottling partner
operations that sell the final bottled product through its operating arm. Looking at the
growth Coca-Cola has seen over the years, their business strategy is very much
effective due to which they are still standing today high. Coca-Cola is a household
name around the world which is due to its excellent marketing. Through many years
after the founding of Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola has evolved by improving its quality of
products, quality of marketing.
Conclusion
In the beverage sector, Coca-Cola is a big global participant. It is largely rivaled by
several global brands. There is an additional competition like Dr. Pepper Snapple,
although his major adversary is Pepsi. It has become very competitive in the
beverage market. Each brand requires numerous competitive advantage sources in
this scenario to win it. By investing in crucial fields, Coca-Cola aims to create
extraordinary value. Quality and safety of products are important areas in which
Coca-Cola continues to strive for constant improvements. Increased competitiveness
and government regulation in the beverage business have become a major concern.
Coca-Cola and its bottling partners are working together to identify new growth
avenues and launch new and creative products. It is wide global presence is the
major strength of the Coca-Cola business model.
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5. SCM within inbound, operations, and outbound logistics at Coca-Cola South Africa
Inbound logistics The main ingredients of Coca-Cola are water, sweetener, sugar, beverage
concentrate, and packaging using glass, aluminium, PET resin, or cartons as raw materials.
Coca-Cola uses sustainable practices to source these products and sources these ingredients
from countries around the world. Insight logistics in the CocaCola value chain includes
receiving, storing, and distributing product input. We connect it to the company by bringing
raw materials. Coca-Cola has a huge supply chain. Coca-Cola tried to gain a competitive
advantage in this first step. I think the supplier in the value chain is a business partner.
However, suppliers must observe several rules in accordance with applicable laws. Coca-
Cola also believes in responsible environments and workplace policies and practices. Coca-
Cola HBC's manufacturing facilities are located in 23 of the 28 countries in which they
operate, operating in a rapidly changing business environment, providing the Coca-Cola
Company with state-of-the-art local production and distribution systems. Coca-Cola
advocates the local strategy in procurement and tries its best to purchase raw materials with
standard quality from local suppliers in various markets, to reduce the transportation distance
and transportation cost. The local sourcing strategy also involves importing raw materials
from neighbouring countries in countries with insufficient capacity. Coca-Cola values
supplier diversity and will invest in it every year.
5 Operations Coca-Cola's operating divisions include Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, North
America, Asia Pacific, Bottling Investments and Corporate. The CocaCola company is mainly responsible for
the manufacture and the sale of Coca-Cola concentrate and the transportation of Coca-Cola syrup concentrate to
its bottling partners for production, distribution and transportation.
The Coca-Cola Company has the world's largest beverage distribution network in more than 200 countries. The
outbound logistics part of Coca-Cola's value chain consists of its bottling partners and distributors. Coca-Cola's
bottling partner is mainly responsible for manufacture, package, commercialize and distribute the final product
to customers. In addition to third parties, Coca-Cola owns its own bottling and distribution businesses,
wholesalers and retailers. Coca-Cola ensures that retailers in every region of the world always stock a wide
range of Coca-Cola products. Timely delivery, safe transportation and efficient delivery are the basis for the
smooth operation of the Coca-Cola value chain. This has enabled Coca-Cola to maintain a strong relationship
with retailers and Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 656 986 customers and
a high level of loyalty.
5.4 Quality Management Systems
Coca-Cola uses Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) to ensure consistency and
quality, using state-of-the-art computers to check all aspects of the production process
(Muirhead, 2011). These reduce the risk of defective products reaching customers, focus on
the quality of supplied goods, and train staff to operate machinery efficiently. This requires
highly skilled engineers to fix problems and maintain high outputs (Summers, 2009). Bottles
are checked for fill level, label, and utilization level, using a computer and scorecard system
to increase production levels if necessary. Coca-Cola also uses Total Quality Management
(TQM) to improve the quality of its products, increase teamwork, and reduce waste and costs,
providing a competitive advantage (Hradesky, 1992). TQM is used during the production
process, to measure customer satisfaction, as well as measure its corporate social
responsibility
Quality checks are performed to ensure hygiene and product quality, allowing production to
begin. This activity includes the use of Questar database system in performing checks on the
line. This check eliminates production problems and ensures the correct alignment of
materials. Yet another quality check includes packaging and carbonation to ensure they meet
standards. 2000 spot checks are further carried out by lab technicians. Quality checks include
the CO2 and sugar values, micro testing, packaging quality, and cap tightness. Continuous
improvement can be used to adhere to environmental and social principles, saving money on
packaging costs and revealing opportunities for improvement. It can also lead to big changes
within the organization.
Coca-Cola (2011)'s Global Product Quality Index and Company Global Package Quality
Index have consistently reached averages near 94 since 2007, with a 94.3 in 2010 indicating
the quality system is working well throughout the organization, and that product consistency
is being recognized by Coca-Cola consumers.
Coca-Cola codes its bottles in order to trace back the plant that produced any faulty bottle,
and where it was distributed to. This exercise helps Coca-Cola to easily recall all faulty
batch/group of bottles well before it reaches a wider customer base. Coca-Cola also has On-
Time-In-Full (OTIF) rating system for distributors to monitor if they deliver timeously and
correctly (Muirhead, 2011). Coca-Cola further uses mystery shoppers to measure customer
satisfaction.
5.4.2 Corporate Social Responsibility
Coca-Cola's Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) are integrated into the business model
and must comply with the law, ethical standards, and international norms. It includes
beverage benefits, active healthy living, community, energy and climate, sustainable
packaging, water stewardship, and workplace. Coca-Cola also adheres to the ISO14001
guideline to implement, maintain and improve an environmental management system (Coca-
Cola Enterprises Ltd, 2011). Coca-Cola's Water Stewardship initiative had aimed to improve
water efficiency by 20% by 2012, but the Edmonton factory was struggling to meet this level.
Coca-Cola also supports litter prevention organizations, such as Tidy Britain Group and
Coca-Cola Great Britain (The Times 100, 2010)
Findings
Criticisms of Coca-Cola
In 1999, Coca-cola released Dasani bottled water onto the shelves, which ended up turning
into a disaster for Coca-cola and as a result was taken off the shelves. There were
speculations over the quality of the water and that Coca-cola had simply filled each bottle
with purified tap water. It has been stated by BBC news (2004) that the water is that of the
mains supply from Coca-cola’s plant in Kent. This bad press put Coca-Cola’s brand into a
bad light and raised questions over the quality provided to consumers.
Conclusion
The educational visit to Coca Cola Enterprises and the research conducted via other sources
suggest that the company has a very efficient and productive quality management system.
The global presence that Coca Cola has means that its quality system needs to maintain a
high level of consistent products which meets the standards expected by its consumers
worldwide. Research shows that the system in place enables Coca Cola to measure all parts
of the production process with large success. This is reflected in the Company’s Global
Product Quality Index rating which has consistently reached 94%. The effectiveness of this
system allows for the organisation to profit by creating various distribution centres all over
the world, applying the same quality principles. Without this quality system in place, Coca
Cola may have found it tougher to penetrate international locations. One important aspect to
Coca Cola is their brand image and this quality system does its best to promote this image
providing checks throughout the production process. Other ways in which Coca Cola tries to
increase its social standing is by adopting sustainable approaches to environmental initiatives.
These factors are important to maintaining quality in the design and development of new
products, packaging, production processes and factory facilities. The water stewardship
scheme is an example of this.
However, the recommendations suggested provide Coca Cola with some areas to consider.
Environmental and social factors which are likely to influence the quality system are the most
important recommendations. Continuous improvement throughout the organisation could
offer some ideas about these issues which could maintain or improve upon the current
product quality index rating. Nonetheless, the current system in place seems to be extremely
effective and allows Coca-Cola to distribute its products on a global scale producing
consistently high products with rare cases of defection. It is clear that the system has gone
through various transformations that have improved the way in which quality is managed and
without these changes, customer demand would struggle to be achieved.
References
BBC News (2004). ‘Soft drink is purified tap water’ (?online?) Available at:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3523303.stm (Accessed on 19th April, 2023)
Guardian (2006). ‘Has Coke become the new McDonald’s’ (online) Available at:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2006/aug/18/marketingandpr.business (Accessed 17th
April, 2023)
Pendergrast, M. (2000). For God, country and Coca-Cola: the definitive history of the great
American soft drink and the company that makes it. Basic Books.
The Times 100 (2010) Examples of environmental initiatives. (Online) Available at:
http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-study–corporate-citizenship-and-the-community–3-81-
11.php (Accessed 16th April, 2023)
Introduction
Coca-cola is an iconic beverage maker all over the world. The company has had
tremendous influence on most individuals. Coca cola’s dominance in the beverage
market has made it a leader for almost a century over the globe. Therefore, one can
attribute its influence on different societies. From recent data, it has come out clear
that Coca-cola company still reigns over various markets. The company has
continued with its dominance thus rated top in the market in the year 2011
(Pendergrast, 2000). The company has been able to maintain this position using
diverse strategies. One of these strategies is the achievement of its vision and
mission statements. The company has maintained its vision over the years. This
therefore has seen the company develop frameworks and other policies that ensures
excellence in operation.
From this investment, Coca-cola company perhaps made one the best strategic
decision of the time. It sold the same movie studio to Sony at a price of $3 billion in
the year 1989. This strategic operational move meant that the organization had
funds to move into new markets. In terms of its operation, Coca-Cola Beverage
Company acknowledges that the influence of employees is crucial to its success.
Therefore, the company’s strategic goal is to ensure that employee needs
satisfaction. In order to meet this need, the organization observes employment rules
and policies. Since Coca-Cola Company has a global market, its employment
policies vary from regions. However, the organization observes ILO principles of
employment and other laws pertaining to countries of operation (Castellanos et al
2005). In order to remain relevant in the market, Coca-Cola Company has replaced
its old systems with new ones.
This strategy has seen the company maintain its long-term goal, which ensured the
company maintains a competitive edge in the market. Companies operating in
manufacturing of beverage products undergo various challenges. These challenges
include cost factors, logistical influences and ever policy influences. In order to
overcome these challenges, Coca-Cola Company has modernized its operation
chain. These meant that the company purchases new machinery, advertise products
at various platforms and recruited skilled employees. Over the years, the company
has been able to transform its manufacturing process through the acquisition of new
plants. The company has also ventured into other markets. Its marketing campaign
has seen Coca-cola products meet African, America and Europe beverage needs. In
the year 2010, the company completed a contract, which saw its products penetrate
the European market.
This has seen the organization use SAP enabled programming in operations. These
program coded Genesys integrates the use of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
to eliminate traditional CCE’s system. This program is a lead-time strategy since it
shortens the time of operation. The system process information for the organization
in “order to Cash” “Record to Report” and “requisition to payment fashion. This
influence has seen the organization ensure timely payment of suppliers, payment of
raw materials and in recording of data.
Operation management
Through the years, company policies have been targeted towards understanding
local cultures and tradition. When a company understands the local culture of the
market, it becomes easier to penetrate the market. Understanding of local cultures
ensures that the organization provide high quality beverages. On top of these, Coca-
Cola Company has contributed to various projects around the world. Their
contribution to communities across the globe relates to their strategies in providing
health, educational and environmental services.
In relation to quality and design, the Coca-Cola Company has developed various
policies over the years and according to environmental needs. These policies are
important in ensuring that employee’s perform their duties effectively. Policies of the
company ensure that the manufacturing process results in quality products and in
time. Since beverage products consumption is frequent, Coca-cola has effective
supply chain systems. The world in the year 1886 was introduced to glass bottled
beverage from Coca-Cola Company. In the year 1916, multiple bottle designs came
into the market. Quality management is perhaps the most important for
manufacturing firms such as the Coca-Cola Company. Quality management is an
important aspect since it entails various processes (Castellanos et al 2005). These
processes begin from products design, production and even marketing.
Recommendation
Coca-cola Company has dominated the beverage industry. However, there has been
growing competition from other players. This competition contributes to decrease in
market share as well as sales volume. To limit such influences, the company needs
to acquire other businesses. The company on the other hand might market its
products using the internet. The internet can be an important tool for the
organization. Its strategy might involve use of social media platforms in marketing
and in evaluating customers’ responses. The company might enter into mergers with
other organizations. A very lucrative merger would involve mergers with restaurant or
bakeries. In addition, in order to meet customer needs the Coca-cola might open
distribution shops around neighborhoods
References
Castellanos, M., Casati, F., Shan, M. C., & Dayal, U. (2005).: A platform for
intelligent business operation management. In Data Engineering, 2005. ICDE 2005.
Proceedings. 21st International Conference on (pp. 1084-1095). IEEE.