Contents

INTRODUCTION

I. Introduction to carbon.....................................................................................................................................................3

1) Definition....................................................................................................................................................................3

2) The different types of carbon.....................................................................................................................................3

Graphite...........................................................................................................................................................................3

White carbon and amorphous carbon.............................................................................................................................3

II. The causes of carbon on the environment.......................................................................................................................4

1) human activities..........................................................................................................................................................4

2) the agricultural sector.................................................................................................................................................4

3) the transport sector.....................................................................................................................................................4

4) The manufacturing industry sector.............................................................................................................................5

III. The consequences of carbon emissions on the environment.....................................................................................6

1) At the human level.....................................................................................................................................................6

2) In the agricultural sector.............................................................................................................................................6

3) In the industrial sector................................................................................................................................................7

IV. Solutions for reducing carbon emissions on the environment...................................................................................7

1) In the industrial sector................................................................................................................................................7

2) In the transport sector.................................................................................................................................................8

3) In the agricultural sector.............................................................................................................................................9

CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION

Various human activities are the source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into

the atmosphere: the combustion of fossil fuels, industrial processes such as the

production of cement (sources of carbon dioxide -CO2), farming and waste

treatment, agricultural fertilizers, use of solvents, refrigeration and air

conditioning. The increase in the atmospheric concentration of GHGs due to

these emissions reinforces the greenhouse effect responsible for global warming

1)INTRODUCTION TO CARBON
2) Definition
Simple metalloid body with symbol C, very widespread in nature either in its
pure state (diamond, graphite), or, most often, combined with other bodies
(carbon dioxide from the air, coals, petroleum, etc. ):

3) The different types of carbon

Graphite
It is a mineral which is, along with diamond, lonsdaleite and lachaoite, one of
the natural allotropes of carbon. It is mostly found in sediments of regional
metamorphism. It is the stable form of carbon.

White carbon and amorphous carbon

They are two forms of almost pure carbon

4)THE CAUSES OF CARBON ON THE

ENVIRONMENT
1) human activities
Different human activities are the source of greenhouse gas emissions into the
atmosphere: the combustion of fossil fuels, industrial processes such as cement
production (CO2), agricultural farming and waste treatment (CH4 ), agricultural
fertilizers (N2O), solvent use, refrigeration and air conditioning (fluorinated
gases, such as HFCs and PFCs).

2) the agricultural sector

I'agriculture is the secondepost me d'eFrance's GHG missions (19% of the
national total and 85 MtCO2 eq. issued in 2019). GHG emissions from
agriculture are characteristic, as they are mainly composed of molecules other
than CO2 and come from biological processes. Livestock (enteric fermentation
and manure management) is the source of 68% of national methane (CH4)
emissions and soil cultivation (mineral and organic fertilization) of 80% of
national nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. . The agriculture sector also
incorporates approximately 11 Mt of CO2 eq. related to energy consumption by
agricultural and forestry machinery. GHG emissions from agriculture decreased
by 8% between 1990 and 2019. GHGs associated with land use or change of use
are not included in the agriculture sector but in the land use sector. lands,

3) the transport sector

Transportation is the'activityewhich contributes most toeFrance's greenhouse gas
(GHG) missions. In 2019, it represented 31% of French GHG emissions. Since
1990, GHGs from transportation have increased by 9%. They have been stable
since 2008, the improvement in the environmental performance of vehicles not
offsetting the increase in traffic. 97% of transport-induced GHG emissions are
made up of CO2 from the combustion of fuels. Road transport contributes
almost all (94%) of transport sector emissions. Emissions related to road traffic
are 54% attributable to private vehicles, 24% to heavy goods vehicles and 20%
to light commercial vehicles. While emissions from rail transport are negligible,
domestic and international air transport attributed to France,

4) The manufacturing industry sector

It is the source of 78 Mt CO2 eq. emitted in 2019. This sector is the fourth
largest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on French national
territory. The chemical industry, the manufacture of building materials (cement,
glass, lime, tiles, etc.), metallurgy and the agro-food industry are the main
activities that emit GHGs. About a quarter of the GHGs emitted by the
manufacturing industry sector result from industrial manufacturing processes.
CO2 from decarbonation (chemical reaction releasing CO2, occurring for
example when heating limestone) makes up nearly half of these GHGs from
industrial processes. The manufacturing industry is the sector that reduced its
GHG emissions the most between 1990 and 2019 (-46%).

5)THE CONSEQUENCES OF CARBON

EMISSIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
The concerns of carbon on the environment

1) At the human level

The most common effects are hyperthermia or heat stroke which can cause death
if left untreated.

Asthma and other respiratory diseases. People with heart problems are more
vulnerable to rising temperatures, especially those who already live in hot
regions, as their cardiovascular system has to work at a higher level of pressure
in order to keep body temperature at a normal level. . High temperatures also
increase the concentration of ozone, which can damage lung tissue and cause
complications in asthmatics and people with respiratory diseases. In high
concentrations, carbon dioxide can displace oxygen from the air, depriving the
body of oxygen, which can cause unconsciousness. Carbon dioxide also acts as a
powerful central nervous system depressant.

2) In the agricultural sector

Loss of agricultural productivity. Global warming can cause droughts that risk
worsening the living conditions of populations, particularly in Africa. According
to the World Wide Fund for Nature, climate change could have a significant
impact on rainfall patterns, food security and water supplies for millions of
people

3) In the industrial sector

Today's industrial production harms our health and that of the planet, pollutes
the air we breathe, contaminates soil and water, depletes the world's resources
and, to top it all, accentuates climate change. Heavy industry contributed around
36% of global energy-related CO2 emissions in 2016 (including emissions
associated with electricity and heating).

4)SOLUTIONS FOR REDUCING CARBON

EMISSIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
1) In the industrial sector
Companies will have to modify their factories to save energy, close the most
polluting ones, use more recycled materials and develop and deploy new
production processes, since it is currently impossible to dispense with fossil
fuels for the production of certain materials and chemical processes. Many of
these measures can not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also improve
the quality of the environment and contribute to the sustainable management of
the planet's resources. If we take the case of materials like steel, for example, an
increased use of scrap metal would lead to less energy, water and land
consumption and reduce carbon emissions. To realize these possibilities,

For this change to happen, the sector will have to aim for sustainable
productivity that integrates social and environmental benefits into decision-
making processes, and therefore broaden the scope of its strategic priorities. In
this regard, indicators of whether production gains come at the cost of multiple
pollutions (air, land, water, soil, and material production pollution) and GHG
emissions would be helpful. These and other indicators aimed at assessing the
various effects of heavy industry on well-being should be used systematically.

2) In the transport sector

Although electric cars have their drawbacks, they are significantly more
environmentally friendly than a conventional car running on gasoline or diesel.
A lot of research has also shown that electric cars are more efficient and
therefore produce less harmful emissions, even taking into account the
emissions generated by the power plants that generate the electricity.

3) In the agricultural sector

Two main paths are emerging to reduce carbon in the agricultural sector. The
first relies on the optimization of production methods to reduce the use of
synthetic fertilizers and the impact of livestock farming. The second supposes a
deeper questioning of the system, through a change in our eating habits

CONCLUSION