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Abstract Nº 1 - Dental Materials 1: Adhesion-Bond Strength Testing and Mechanisms
Day: Jueves 7 de octubre 2010 Session: 1

TITANIUM: EVALUATION OF TRACTIONAL RESISTENCE IN CEMENTED INTERFACES.
Lara,R.*; Rathkamp,H.; Valdivia,J.
Corresponding author: Ricardo Andrés Lara López - rab.lara@gmail.com
Affiliation: U. ANDRÉS BELLO Santiago
Aim: The aim of this investigation is to determine the sandblast influence in the tensile bond strength in titanium structures, cemented with zinc
phosphate and glass ionomer.
Materials and methods: The superior area of the 4 mm diameter healing abutments (Grade 4 Titanium) was exposed to decreasing abrasion and
polish, obtaining a smooth surface. The sample was random divided in 4 groups of 10 units; Group I: Exposed to sandblast with 30 µm aluminum
oxide; Group II: Lacking of treatment, cemented with glass ionomer (Ketac cem®); Group III: Had the same sandblast treatment and Group IV: Without
treatment, both cemented with zinc phosphate cement. Later they were tractional tested in universal material testing machine T 100. The values were
submitted to statistical analysis through dependent test, One-Way ANOVA and Tukey test.
Results: The results demonstrated in Group I (sandblast/Ketac cem®) register the highest retention values (5.16 ± 1.99 Mpa), and presents statistical
significant differences (p <0.05) with the rest of the groups.
Conclusion: The sandblast/Ketac cem® association is an effective method to enhance tensile bond strength, in contrast to the sandblast/zinc
phosphate relation which is not influent.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE BOND STRENGTH BETWEEN A SELF-ADHESIVE FLOW-RESIN.
Schlieper, Ramón.; López, Claudio.*; Báez, Abelardo
Corresponding author: Ramón Alfredo Schlieper Cacciuttolo - rschlieper@gmail.com
Affiliation: U. ANDRÉS BELLO Viña del Mar
Aim: This work was carried out a comparative study in vitro of the value of bond strength on dentin surface, through micro-tensile test, between a
self-adhesive flow composite Liquid Fusio Dentin, a total-etch adhesive system and a self etching adhesive system.
Materials and methods: This study was performed on a sample of 15 healthy molars, indicated for extraction, stored in 0.9% saline, to which they
conducted a longitudinal oblique cut of the tooth, parallel to the dentin enamel junction to wear limit 1 mm of dentin, using an abrasive wheel on a
machine trimmer models, 600 grit under running water to avoid drying.
These samples were divided into three groups to which adhesive procedures were performed and then applying the restorative material, with
incremental technique, following the manufacturer’s instructions, building a cuboid shape having dimensions of 6 mm in diameter by 4 mm high
approx.
Group I: Self adhesive restorative system flow composite Fusio Liquid Dentin (Pentron Clinical).
Group II: Aelite Flo restorative system (Bisco inc.) With All Bond 3 (Bisco inc.).
Group III: Aelite Flo restorative system (Bisco inc.) With All Bond (Bisco inc.).
Subsequently these samples were subjected to successive cuts in the axial direction, using a low speed samples cutter machine, Isomet 1000,
Precision Saw (Buehler), to finally obtain test bodies by 1 mm wide and 1 mm in thickness, until a total of 20 samples from each study group, which
were then pulled into a machine for Micro-traccional Test (Micro Tensile Tester)
Results: The result was analyzed using ANOVA test in order to see statistical difference. The bond strength on dentin surface had a media of:
• FUSIO LIQUID DENTIN 24,935 MPa
• ALL BOND 3 29,080 MPa
• ALL BOND SE 25,630 MPa
Conclusion: The total-etch adhesive system have best values of bond strength that self-adhesives systems

ENAMEL BOND STRENGTH WITH BONDING LAYER CONTAMINATED WITH BLOOD
De Nordenflycht, Diego*; Kaplan, Marilyn ; Montecinos, Verena
Corresponding author: Diego De Nordenflycht Carvacho - diego.den@gmail.com
Aim: To evaluate microtensile bond strength of Adper Singlebond 2 applied to sound enamel and the influence of blood contamination of the bonding
layer and decontamination with NaOCl (2,5%) and ethanol (70º).
Materials and methods: Twenty human sound premolars were selected and conserved in NaCl 0,9% solution at 4ºC for one week. We grounded
the vestibular surface in order to obtain a flat surface of enamel, then we applied resin adhesive according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Adper
Singlebond 2, 3M ESPE). The teeth were randomly assigned into 4 groups: group 1 (control group), group 2 (blood contamination), group 3 (blood
contamination and decontamination with NaOCl 2,5%) and group 4 (blood contamination and decontamination with ethanol 70º). Over all the treated
teeth a 4 mm composite crown (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE) was made and were vertically sectioned to make 1 mm(2) cross-section stick shape specimens.
The specimens were thermocycled (Eppendorf mastercycler personal) for 5500 cicles and then stress them to failure under tension using Bisco
microtensile tester machine. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe’s test at 0,05 significance.
Results: Microtensile bond strength in group 1 (24,2 +/- 5,9 Mpa) was significant higher (p<0,05) than group 2 (14,2 +/- 9,4 Mpa), group 3 (15,1 +/-
9,7 Mpa) and group 4 (12,3 +/- 8,6 Mpa). The differences observed between groups 2, 3 and 4 weren’t statistically significant (p>0,05).
Conclusion: Contamination with blood interferes significantly in enamel microtensile bond strength with Singlebond 2. Decontaminating the blood
contaminated bonding layer with NaOCl or ethanol didn’t show a recovery of bond strength.
FILTEK™ P90 COMPOSITE REPAIR: AN IN VITRO STUDY
De Nordenflycht, Diego; Montecinos, Verena *; Kaplan, Marilyn; Báez, Abelardo
Corresponding author: Verena Montecinos Pearce - diego.den@gmail.com
Aim: To evaluate the shear bond strength of silorane based composite Filtek™ P90 (3M ESPE) repaired with the same resin system and with Filtek™
Z350 using different surface treatments.
Materials and methods: 180 restorations of Filtek™ P90 were made on acrylic cylinders, which were polished with Soflex™ discs and aged during
1 week in distilled water at 37ºC. The samples were randomly divided in 6 groups which received a surface treatment. Afterwards a composite cylinder
(2,2 mm of diameter) was adhered to that surface using an adhesive system. The following groups were established: Group 1, P90 adhesive and
composite; Group 2, surface roughened, P90 adhesive and composite; Group 3, surface roughened, silane application (Monobond-S, Ivoclar Vivadent)
during 60 seconds, P90 adhesive and composite; Group 4, adhesive (Adper™ Single Bond 2) and composite (Filtek™ Z350); Group 5, surface
roughened, Singlebond 2 adhesive and Z350 composite; Group 6, surface roughened, silane application, Singlebond 2 adhesive and Z350 composite.
The specimens were stressed to failure under shear strength by a Bisco shear bond tester machine. The results were analyzed by one way ANOVA
and post hoc Tukey at p=0,05.
Results: Shear bond strength in Group 5 (23,0 +/- 6,1 Mpa) was significantly higher (p<0,05) than Group 6 (18,9 +/- 5,2 Mpa), Group 2 (15,9 +/-
5,4 MPa), Group 1 (14,1 +/- 5,5 Mpa), Group 4 (10,6 +/- 3,4 Mpa) and Group 3 (6,9 +/- 5,9 Mpa). The bond strength in the groups were silane was
used (3 y 6) was significantly lower (p<0,05) than the groups were surface roughened and adhesive was applied (2 y 5).
Conclusion: The surface roughened before the application of the SingleBond 2 adhesive system and Z350 composite was the better alternative
for P90 composite repair. The silane interfered in the repair of P90 composite surface for both adhesives.

DRYING TECHNIQUE IN STRENGTH OF AN ETCH-AND-RINSE DENTIN ADHESIVE SYSTEM
Montes, Jorge *; Garay, Jaime; Valdivia, José
Corresponding author: Jorge Esteban Montes Carrillo - jemontescarrillo@gmail.com
Aim: To evaluate the shear bond strength of one etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Singlebond 2) when applied on dentin surfaces dryed with different
clinical techniques.
Materials and methods: Sixty human premolars and molars were used, which were ramdonly classified in six groups. After conditioning with 35%
phosphoric acid gel and water washing, six methods of drying dentin were used: 30’ air drying (group 1), 5’ air drying (group 2), dry cellulose pellets
(group 3), wet cellulose pellets (group 4), micro-ejector (group 5) and absorbent paper (group 6). Singlebond 2 was applied on every sample. Calibrated
composite cylinders were builded over the adhesive and then the specimens were stored in saline at 37°C. The samples were there subjected to a
shear bond test.
Results: One-way ANOVA was used to verify differences between groups, and Duncan multiple-range test was used to compare group means and
to determinate the following results, where different letters indicate significantly different mean values: Group 3 = 27,6 MPa (a), Group 6 = 23,6 MPa
(a), Group 4 = 22,6 MPa (ab), Group 2 = 17,8 MPa (bc), Group 5 = 14,2 MPa (cd), Group 1 = 9,1 MPa (d).
Conclusion: Null hypothesis is rejected, thus stablishing there are significant differences in shear strength according to the drying technique employed.
The highest values occurred when using dry pellets, wet pellets and absorbent paper, compared with lowest values, wich were given when 30 sec
air drying and microejector.
MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF DENTAL ADHESIVES AFTER BLEACHING PROCESS
Schlieper, Ramon.; Andreani, Gino. *; Baez. Abelardo.
Corresponding author: Gino Andreani M - rschlieper@gmail.com
Aim: To compare and evaluate the shear bond strength of an adhesive technique after
bleaching treatment versus an adhesive technique without bleaching treatment in different time intervals.
Materials and methods: Fifty premolars were extracted by orthodontic indication without caries, restaurations, stainds and microfractures. Whichones
were divided in 4 treatment groups A, B, C and D under a bleaching treatment with 37% hydrogen peroxide (pola Office, SDI) and E was used as control.
Therefore there were 4 groups:
Group A: Premolars under bleaching treatment + adhesive technique in time 1 day.
Group B: Premolars under bleaching treatment + adhesive technique in time 7 days.
Group C: Premolars under bleaching treatment + adhesive technique in time 14 days.
Group D: Premolars under bleaching treatment + adhesive technique in time 21 days.
Group E (control): premolars without bleaching treatment + adhesive technique in time 0 days.
After the bleaching treatment each teeth of the treatment groups were cut flattering Ω vestibular cups lengthwise, exposing dentine. After these there
was done a composite restoration bonded to a dentine surface using Filtek 250 Z, 3 M - Adter Single Bond, 3M.
Later, each teeth was cut with a precision saw (Isometric 1000) in order to get a rectangular blocks of dentine-composite, of 8mm length and 1mm2
of area.
Each dentine-composite block were used to determinate the shear strengh bond in MPA after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after a bleachig treatment, using
the Microtensile Tester, Bisco.
Results: The results was analized for a statistical diference using ANOVA test, The mean values of each group were:
Group A: 11,7 ; grupo B: 9,3 ; group C: 15,1 ; group D: 16 ; group E: 30,1
Conclusion: The bleaching procedure performed with 37% hydrogen peroxide did affect the resin/dentin
shear bond strength values.

COMPARISON OF BOND STRENGTH OF THREE ADHESIVES SYSTEMS TO ENAMEL
Buchheister, Germán*; Martinez, Verónica; Báez, Abelardo; Gajardo, Manuel
Corresponding author: Germán Buchheister Herrera - catedra@materialesdentales.cl
Aim: To compare the microtensile bond strength of two an etch and rinse adhesive and a self-etch system to enamel
Materials and methods: 9 extracted healthy human third molars were cut to expose a flat enamel surface. They were divided in three groups where
two etch and rinse (Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose, 3M ESPE, or Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) and a self-etching adhesives (Adper Easy Bond,
3M ESPE) were applied, and then a composite resin cilinder was buildt up with Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE). Each bonded tooth specimen was sectioned
to produce bar-shaped specimens (n=20 per group), with a square cross-sectional bond area of 1 mm2 which were, after 60 minutes, subject to a
traction test in a microtensile testing machine (Micro Tensile Tester, BISCO). Data were analyzed using Student t and non parametric tests of Mann-
Whitney U and Wilcoxon W. (p<0,05).
Results: Data regarded to mean bond strength of adhesives to enamel were as follow: Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose, 41.36 MPa; Adper Single
Bond 2, 35.68 MPa; Adper Easy Bond, 8,16 MPa. Satatistics indicates that Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose showed the greatest values of microtensile
bond strength to enamel, instead Adper Easy Bond shows the lowest values (p<0,05).
Conclusion: The etch and rinse adhesive system Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose showed the best bond strength values in comparison to other
adhesives.

COMPARISON OF BOND STRENGTH OF THREE ADHESIVES SYSTEMS TO DENTINE
Moyano, Gisela; Suarez, Sonia ; Báez, Abelardo; Gajardo, Manuel
Corresponding author: Gisela Moyano De Sánchez - catedra@materialesdentales.cl
Aim: To compare the microtensile bond strength of two an etch and rinse adhesive and a self-etch system to dentin
Materials and methods: 12 extracted healthy human third molars were cut to expose a flat mid-coronal dentinal surface. They were divided in three
groups where two etch and rinse (Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose, 3M ESPE, or Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) and a self-etching adhesives (Adper
Easy Bond, 3M ESPE) were applied, and then a composite resin cilinder was buildt up with Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE). Each bonded tooth specimen
was sectioned to produce bar-shaped specimens (n=20 per group), with a square cross-sectional bond area of 1 mm2 which were, after 60 minutes,
subject to a traction test in a microtensile testing machine (Micro Tensile Tester, BISCO). Data were analyzed using Student t and non parametric
tests of Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon W. (p<0,05)
Results: Data regarded to mean bond strength of adhesives to dentin were as follow: Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose, 35.83 MPa; Adper Single
Bond 2, 31.03 MPa; Adper Easy Bond, 13.17 MPa. Satatistics indicates that Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose showed the greatest values of microtensile
bond strength to enamel, instead Adper Easy Bond shows the lowest values (p<0,05).
Conclusion: The etch and rinse adhesive system Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose showed the best bond strength values in comparison to other
adhesives.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PRE HIDROLIZED SILANE COUPLING AGENT IN BONDING CERAMICS
Hidalgo, Edith*; Báez, Abelardo; Gajardo, Manuel
Corresponding author: Edith Hidalgo Morales - catedra@materialesdentales.cl
Aim: To determine differences in micro-tractional strength of IPS Empress CAD with the use of pre hidrolized silane coupling agent (Monobond-S)
and various surface treatments protocols.
Materials and methods: 2 Zirconium Ceramic blocks were used (IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent), and cut in half using a slow speed sample
cutter (Isomet Buehler Precision Saw 1000). Each block received a particular surface treatment. Group I: Hydrofluoric acid + Monobond-S dry with
a stream from air syringe for 1 min.; Group II: Hydrofluoric acid + Monobond-S dry with hot air from hair dryer at 80° C for 15 sec., Group III: Hydrofluoric
acid + Monobond-S dry with hot air from oven at 100° C for 1 min. Group IV: Hydrofluoric acid + Monobond-S dry at ambient temperature lasting 24
hrs. Heliobond-S Adhesive was applied to the four groups, followed by Coltene’s Brilliant composite resine. The blocks where cut again obtaining
20 testing bodies of 1mm2 transverse section. Later, they where tractioned in a micro-traction testing machine (Micro Tensile Tester, BISCO), recording
the adhesive strength values. The Levene test analysis and the varianza test (ANOVA) with 95% confidence interval where used to corroborate the
differences between groups.
Results: It can be observed that comparing the use of air syringe for 1 min. against the hair dryer/80° group and the oven/100° group significant
differences exist (p-value <0,01); in concecuence the null hypothesis was rejected. Inferring that median resistance to traction is less in the air syringe
group than in the hair dryer and oven group.
Conclusion: Significative differences where observed in the adhesive strength values among the treatment groups used in this study. The best results
was obtain with thermal treatment of silane coupling agent.

EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO COMPONENT SILANE COUPLING AGENT IN BONDING CERAMICS
Schlieper, Ramón*; Prieto, María Angélica ;Báez, Abelardo ; Gajardo, Manuel
Corresponding author: Ramón Schlieper Cacciutolo - catedra@materialesdentales.cl
Aim: To determine differences in micro-tractional strength of IPS Empress CAD with the use of two component silane coupling agent (Silane, DMG)
and various surface treatments protocols.
Materials and methods: 2 zirconium ceramic blocks were used (IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent), and cut in half using a slow speed sample
cutter (Isomet Buehler Precision Saw 1000). Each block received a particular surface treatment. Group I: Hydrofluoric acid + Silane and dry with
air syringe for 1 min; Group II: Hydrofluoric acid + Silane and dry with hot air from hair dryer at 80° C for 15 sec., Group III: Hydrofluoric acid + Silane
and dry with hot air from oven at 100° C for 1 min. Group IV: Hydrofluoric acid + Silane and dry at ambient temperature lasting 24 hrs. Heliobond
adhesive was applied to the four groups, followed by Coltene’s Brilliant composite resine. The blocks where cut again obtaining 20 testing bodies of
1mm2 transverse section per group. Later, they where tractioned in a micro-traction testing machine (Micro Tensile Tester, BISCO), recording the
adhesive strength values. The Levene test analysis and the varianza test (ANOVA) with 95% confidence interval where used to corroborate the
differences between groups.
Results: The analysis indicated statistically significant differences (p-value <0.05) between the microtensile bond strength of the different surface
treatments. The mean values for each groups were as follows: group I, 13.835 MPa; group II, 23.040 MPa; group III, 22.680 MPa; group IV, 24.190
MPa.
Conclusion: Significative differences where observed in the adhesive strength values among the treatment groups used in this study. The best results
was obtain with dry at ambient temperature lasting 24 hours.
Abstract Nº 11 - Dental Materials 10: Instruments and Equipment
INTENSITY OF CURING LIGHT SYSTEMS ACCORDING TO TIME OF USE
Schlieper, Ramon. ; Baez, Abelardo; Espinoza, German.*; Bustamante, Angelo
Corresponding author: German Andres Espinoza Canales - rschlieper@gmail.com
Aim: OBJECTIVES
• To determine the difference of intensity of halogenous curing lights according to time of use.
• To determine the difference of intensity of lamps LED according to time of use.
• To determine if they conserve the minimum intensity necessary to cure composites (400mW/cm2).
Materials and methods: A sample of 18 halogenous curing lights COLTOLUX 75 COLTENE was used, and a sample of 11 lamps LED Radii-lime
SDI, of which 8 have more of a year of use and 3 less of a month. All at the moment in use.
The radiometer Cures Rite was used to measure the intensity of the halogenous lamps; and the SDI for the LED.
Measurements of intensity of halogenous lamps made the year 2010 with other measurements of the same lamps made the year 2008 were compared
using the same radiometer. Parallelly it was come to measure the intensity of a sample of 8 lamps LED with more of a year of use and it was compared
with the intensity measured in 3 lamps
LED with less of a month of use. The intensities of each lamp were measured by the same operator in 3 consecutive occasions, from which an
average was obtained.
Results: After 2 years of use halogenous lamps analyzed they present/display a diminution of average of 197 mW/cm2. Five halogenous lamps have
inferior intensities to 400mW/cm2 passed that time.
Lamps LED with more of a year of use present/display minor intensity that the LED with less of a month of use, with a diminution in the average of
53 mW/cm2. All the LED presents/displays intensities superior to 400mW/cm2 .
Conclusion: The intensity of curing light systems decreases with time of use, being necessary to make a proper maintenance.
Abstract Nº 12 - Dental Materials 11: Color and Appearance (Esthetics)

DENTAL BLEACHING REGRESSION CAUSED BY CHROMOGENIC BEVERAGES. IN VITRO.
Arévalo, Mirna*; Larrucea, Carlos; Piñeros, Carolina
Corresponding author: Mirna Arévalo Pineda - mirna.arevalo.pineda@gmail.com
Affiliation: U. DE TALCA Talca
Aim: To determine the influence of coffee, tea and red wine on the regression of value in teeth with dental bleaching.
Materials and methods: There were used 45 healthy bovine incisors, which were placed on acrylic and maintain in 0.9% sodium chloride, at 37ºC.
Every specimen was divided into 2 half; one half was subjected to dental bleaching and the other was taken as control. The initial color was measured
with the Vita EasyShade Spectrophotometer, one half was subject to bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 3 periods of 8 minutes. The specimens
were divided randomly into 3 groups of 15, and were immerse in coffee (GC), tea (GT) and red wine (GV) for 10 minutes, 20 times, recording the
value after each immersion. The data was analyzed with Anova, mean and standard deviation with Origin 6.0.
Results: Bleaching modified significantly (p 0,05) the value of color in the three groups (GC 85,8 to 95,0; GT 87,4 to 97,3; GV 90,8 to 99,3). The
chromogenic beverages reverse significantly the value after the first immersion to 83,1 GC, 77,2 GT, 69,1 GV; in the following immersions the value
continue to decline till 71,4 GC, 71,4 GT, 40,5 GV. The control group kept a constant value decrease to similar levels as the treated group.
Conclusion: Dental bleaching is effective to modify value, however chromogenic beverages significantly influence value regression, presenting and
abrupt initial regression when exposed to the chromogen, being different the gradual behavior for the control group, but after the 20 immersions the
value is similar.

WHITENING SENSITIVITY WITH 7% HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
* Morales, Paula; Rodríguez, Claudia; Canales, Roxana; Giacaman, Rodrigo
Corresponding author: Paula Morales Sierralta - paumorales@utalca.cl
Aim: Objective: Given that whitening sensitivity varies according to type and concentration of the peroxide used, the aim of this study was to determine
the sensitivity caused by 7% hydrogen peroxide.
Materials and methods: Tray bleaching using 7% hydrogen peroxide was carried out on 44 patients (average: 23 years), 34 women and 10 men.
In order to begin their treatment, individuals should not have active caries, defective restorations, periodontal disease or dentine hypersensitivity.
Before bleaching, each patient received fluoride varnish (22,600 ppm) and fluoride mouthwash (0.05% NaF). Sensitivity was assessed by asking
patients whether they had any discomfort or pain in their teeth. Differences on the rate of sensitivity were calculated by age, gender, consumption
of chromatic substances (tea, coffee, cigarettes, wine) and treatment perception by means of the chi square test.
Results: Reported sensitivity was mild and disappeared without interfering with the treatment. Prevalence of sensitivity during bleaching in the sample
was 47.72% (21), of whom 23.8% (5) were males and 76.2% (16) were females. Mean age of the group was 24.1 years-old. Patients were then
divided into two age groups: Group 1: <25 and Group 2: 25 and older. 76.2% of the patients with sensitivity belonged to Group 1, while 23.8% to
Group 2. Consumption of specific chromatic substances failed to show an association with sensitivity. Although sensitivity rate was high, 95.2% of
the patients reported a positive perception of their treatment.
Conclusion: Whitening sensitivity with 7%, hydrogen peroxide reached almost half of the subjects. Though not significant, women showed higher
prevalence of sensitivity than men. Similarly, younger people reported more sensitivity that the older ones. Sensitivity associated with whitening does
not seem to affect the success of the treatment.
ABRASIVE EFFECT OF DENTAL TOOTHPASTE ON THE SURFACE OF COMPOSITES
Leon Orlando, Magallon Eduardo*, Valdivia Jose
Corresponding author: Eduardo Magallon Caro - cocomaga@gmail.com
Aim: To compare in vitro the effect of brushing with various toothpastes compositions on the surface of 2 and 3 micro-hybrid composite resins
containing opposing manifold.
Materials and methods: 25 disks were used 5 different types of composite resins (3 microparticules and 2 nanoparticles 2) total 50 surfaces. These
were separated into four groups to be exposed to the action of two types of toothpaste (conventional bleaching) plus a control group without toothpaste
and brushing were applied between 10,000 and 50,000 oscillations per minute. Surface was photographed with incident laser system captured by
a CDD camera and 3-D representation, determining degree luminosity density inferred by the degree of abrasion.
Results: The brushing with conventional toothpaste produced optical and physical changes on the surface of the composite, both micro and nanofiller
(52.46% average reflection of light = one tenth of a mm of loss). The effect of brushing with whitening paste was 56.7% average reflection of light =
1.18 mm-tenths of a loss of resin.
Conclusion: 1. Brushing with toothpaste conventional optical and physical changes occur on the surface of composite resins and nanofiller microfiller.
2. Whitening pastes rise to higher optical and physical alterations conventional Toothpaste

PSICOSOCIAL PERCEPTION OF ATTRACTION IN THE SMILE´S AESTHETIC PARAMETERS
Sturla, Giovanna*; Hernández, Marco
Corresponding author: Giovanna Paulina Stula Rojas - giovannita_7@hotmail.com
Affiliation: U. DE CHILE Santiago
Aim: Identify aesthetic parameters that relate more or less attractive smile and it psychosocial importance.
Materials and methods: A Systematic review was conducted in: NCBI all database, SUM Search, Pubmed, Cochrane y Scielo. We used combinations
of words MESH: “Smiling AND Esthetics, Dental / psychology” and “Smiling AND Esthetics, Dental and Social Perceptions” for the first three magazines
and the words “Smiling”, “Esthetics, Dental” and “social perception Dental “for the last two. No limits were applied.
Results: 72 results were found. Finally, 12 met the target of the search.
The smile is important in perception of attractiveness. In the social dimension is critical: tooth size, visibility and position of the upper lip, and the
psychological dimension: the color and expose dental gum when smiling. It´s perceived as more attractive: A high lip line, a lateral incisor from 1 to
1.5 mm shorter than the central and smaller buccal corridors. It´s perceived as less attractive: a disproportionate exposure of gum or greater than 3
mm, a discrepancy between the dental and facial midline than 4 mm, an asymmetry of the gingival margin of the central incisors of 2 mm, changes
in dental symmetry with discrepancies of 2 mm in crown width and reduced height of the papilla gingival if there is unilateral. It´s irrelevant to the
attractive: The Golden Ratio, the presence of asymmetrical buccal corridors, a small diastema and the tooth form.
Conclusion: Psicosocial Importance and relevancy of the teeth in an attractive smile exists. Few studies were found, more investigations on the
topic are needed, taking into account that there is a difference in perception between dentist and patient, and differences between each company
due to the cultural component, and also between every community due to the cultural component.
Abstract Nº 17 - Dental Materials 2: Adhesion-Leakage/Margin Assessments

MARGINAL SEAL OF SILORANE COMPOSITES WITH DIFFERENT ADHESIVE TECHNIQUES
Marín, M.P*.; Rojas, V.; Bader, M.; Mathei, B.
Corresponding author: María Paulina Marín Escobar - paulinamarinescobar@gmail.com
Aim: To determine whether there are significant differences in marginal leakage of composite resin restorations based on siloranes (Filtek™ P90),
using its self-etching adhesive system and a combination with prior acid etching of enamel.
Materials and methods: A total of 20 healthy molars were used, to wich was performed the same size cavities in the buccal and palatal / lingual
faces. The filling in this last face was fabricated using the self-etching adhesive technique proposed by the manufacturer and on the buccal face a
previous selective etching enamel plus its corresponding bonding technique was performed, thus obtaining two study groups. The molars were kept
in an oven at 37 ° + / - 1 ° C and 100% humidity. Then they were subjected to a thermocycling process in a solution of methylene blue 1%. Finally,
the molars were cross-sectioned to expose the tooth-restoration interface and thus assess the degree of microleakage using an optical graduate
microscope.
Results: The average percentage of microleakage for restorations of Filtek ™ P90 silorano self-etching adhesive was 9.16% and silorano self-etching
adhesive plus a previous selective etching enamel was 3, 51%. The analysis showed that there are significant differences between both groups in
study.
Conclusion: There are significant differences between the two groups; there are smaller values of microleakage in adhesive technique that includes
a selective etching of enamel prior to use self-etching adhesive system for Filtek ™ P90.
MARGINAL SEAL OF DIMETHACRYLATES AND SILORANES COMPOSITES
Rojas, V*.; Marín, M.P.; Bader, M.; Urzúa, A.
Corresponding author: Valeria Rojas Amar - valeriarojasamar@gmail.com
Aim: To determine whether there are significant differences in the degree of marginal seal of composite resin restorations based on dimethacrylate
(Filtek™ P60) and based on siloranes (Filtek™ P90).
Materials and methods: A total of 40 healthy molars were used, to witch was performed the same size cavities in the buccal and palatal / lingual
faces, being divided into two groups (20 and 20 molars). Both groups were filled with Filtek™ P90 in buccal face and with Filtek™ P60 in palatal /
lingual face. In the first group of 20 molars were used adhesive techniques proposed by the manufacturer and the second group of 20 molars were
not used any bonding technique. The molars were kept in an oven at 37 ° + / - 1 ° C and 100% humidity. Then the first group was subjected to a
thermocycling process in a solution of methylene blue 1% for 100 cycles. The second group was left in an aqueous solution of methylene blue 1%
for 24 hrs. Finally, the molars were cross-sectioned to expose the tooth-restoration interface and thus assess the degree of microleakage using an
optical graduate microscope.
Results: The average percentage of microleakage of Filtek™ P90 restorations without adhesive technique was 33.32% and for Filtek™ P60 was
100%. On the other hand, the average percentage of microleakage of Filtek™ P90 restorations with adhesive technique was 14.89% and for Filtek™
P60 was 36.33%. The analysis showed that there are significant differences between both groups in study.
Conclusion: There are significant differences between the two groups; there are smaller values of microleakage in restorations made with Filtek™
P90, due to their lower shrinkage.

ANALYSIS BY OPTICAL MICROSCOPY OF THE CEMENTATION INTERFACE PROCERA-ZIRCONIA CORES
Valdivia M.* Nakouzi J. Valdivia J.
Corresponding author: Marcia Andrea Valdivia Delgado - doctoravaldivia@clinicavaldivia.cl
Aim: To compare by means of optical thickness of the cement interface at different levels of biological preparedness Procera-zirconium cores using
different cementing agents.
Materials and methods: 40 healthy premolars recently extracted, caries-free and kept constantly hydrated were carved for fixed prosthesis metal-
free unit, were scanned for making by CAD-CAM process zircon cores for each of them. The preparations were divided into five groups of eight
samples each. The cement used by the group were: RelyX ARC (RA), Ketac Cem (KC), RelyX Unicem (RU), Multilink (ML) and Panavia F2.0 (PAN),
respectively. The samples were cut with the machine Isomet for observation
Results: The interface of cementation was measured cervical, free and occlusal sides. Averages for cervical were: RA (53.75ºm), KC (20 mM), UK
(18.13ºm), ML (31.25ºm), PAN (25.63ºm), for free surfaces: RA (100ºm), KC (72.50ºm) , RU (68.75ºm), ML (66.88ºm), PAN (63.13ºm), for occlusal
RA (200ºm), KC (130 ºm), UK (171.25ºm) ML (202.50ºm), PAN (186.25ºm) . The results were subjected to statistical analysis (One-Way ANOVA
and Tukey). At free expensive cervical and interface thicknesses were greater and statistically significant for cement RA versus other cements, at
occlusal thicknesses were lower and statistically significant interfae for cement KC in relation to the other cements.
Conclusion: The cements that require pre-conditioning of the tooth surface have a greater thickness of the cement line.
ASSESSMENT OF ART RESTORATIONS IN 3-10 YEARS OLD CHILDREN
Morgado, Victor *; Leighton, Catherine; Xaus, Gloria; Cornejo, Marco; Allende, Alex; Moncada, Gustavo
Corresponding author: Victor Morgado Ahumada - vmorgadoa@gmail.com
Aim: To compare the quality of ART and amalgam restorations in Class I to V.

Materials and methods: To compare the quality of ART and amalgam restorations in Class I to V. In this prospective, blind, a cohort of 19 children
between 3-10 years (mean 5.6), both sexs, with 65 primary molars (including open carious lesions) were evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months
after restorations were made. Informed consent from the parents was obtained. Restorations formed two study groups: Group A: Glass Ionomer
Cement (Ketac-Molar/Easymix-3MESPE-USA) and Group B: Amalgam (Logic Plus-SDI-Australia). A calibrated examiner (Kappa 0.714), assessed
restorations directly (visual-tactile), by standardized radiographs and digital photographs through USPH/Ryge criteria on seven parameters (marginal
adaptation, anatomy, roughness, mass stain, stain Marginal, Contacts and Sensitivity.
Results: Expressed in percentage of alpha value, separated by group and parameter.
MarginalAdaptacion Anatomy Contact MassStain Marginal Stain Roughness Sensitivity
P p<0,05 - p<0,05 - - - -
Baseline 6,3% 42,9% 60% No No 69,8% 100,0%
6 month 9,5% 38,1% 22,6% No No 57,1% 100,0%
12 month 16,7% 44,1% 7,4% No No 52,9% 100,0%
No= no comparables
Amalgam
Marginal Adaptation Anatomy Contact Mass Stain Marginal Stain Roughness Sensitivity
P p<0,05 - p<0,05 - - - -
Baseline 28,6% 35,7% 92,9% No No 42,9% 100,0%
6 meses 0% 8,3% 41,6% No No 41,7% 83,3%
12 meses 0% 14,3% 0% No No 28,6% 100,0%
Conclusion: In amalgam restorations, marginal adaptation showed rapid downgrade, contact presented significant downgrade in both groups.
(p<0.05)

IN VITRO MICROLEAKAGE OF RESIN FLOW USED AS SEALANT.
Ehrmantraut, Manuel *, San Martín, Marcela
Corresponding author: Manuel Ehrmantraut Nogales - mehrmantraut@vtr.net
Aim: To determine whether there were significant differences in the degree of microleakage in vitro from a composite resin flow used as sealant and
a conventional pit and fissure resin sealant.
Materials and methods: To used thirty healthy human third molars, recently extracted, which were stored in saline with 2% formalin. All of them
were removed periodontal ligament remnants and debris.
Was performed in occlusal cleaning with pumice and water and acid etching with phosphoric acid gel 37% for 20 seconds. Its surface was washed
for 40 seconds and dried with an air jet
At 15 they were applied composite resin flow in the etched surface and after 30 seconds, is polymerized with halogen light for 40 seconds.
For the remaining 15 were administered a pit and fissure sealant and proceeded similarly to polymerization.
The pieces were subjected to thermal cycling in baths of methylene blue solution 1% between 4 º and 60 º Celsius for 30 seconds on each one of
them to reach room temperature for 15 seconds.
Parts were cut in long axis were observed at optical microscopy and determined the degree of infiltration between enamel surface material.
Results: Optical microscopy showed that increased lens sample showed no increase of half scoring between material and tooth surface. ‘Just a
sample of resin flow staining showed partial thickness, not reaching the interface.
No sample showed marginal infiltration after 65 cycles of thermocycling.
Conclusion: We conclude that the use of composite flow as pit and fissure sealant is as effective as a sealant used for such purposes. Clinically
an advantage because the composite flow has more filler than sealants based composite and therefore have better mechanical properties better
supporting the efforts of mastication. Thus, this resin flow can be used as the only material in minimally invasive restoration techniques to simplify
the clinical work, because this technique uses two materials: conventional composite and fissure sealant.
EFFECT OF SODIUM HYPOCLORITE ON MICROLEAKAGE OF RESIN-MODIFIED GLASS IONOMERS
Letelier Durán, Edgardo*; Acevedo Ávila, Ariel; Bravo Cavicchioli, Daniel
Corresponding author: Edgardo Letelier Durán - eletelier@utalca.cl
Aim: Evaluate microleakage in the enamel and dentin interface of resin-modified glass ionomer Class-V restorations with and without a 10% NaOCl
solution treatment.
Materials and methods: Standardized Class-V cavities were made on 20 healthy extracted human molars on both buccal and lingual surfaces. Teeth
were randomly assigned in two groups: A) Non-treated with NaOCl; B) 1-minute treatment with 10% NaOCl. Cavities were restored using a resin-
modified glass ionomer system (Vitremer™, 3M ESPE). Specimens were stored in a 0,9% saline solution for 24 hours at 37ºC and thermocycled
250 times in 5ºC and 55ºC baths. Specimens were immersed in a 0.2% aqueous solution of methylene blue for 48 hours at 37ºC. Then, 36 longitudinal
sections were obtained and examined with stereomicroscopy (40x) for qualitative evaluation of microleakage. Data was statistically analyzed with U
Mann-Whitney test using SPSS™14.0 software for Windows.
Results: 93% of the margins in group A and 98.2% of the margins in group B presented some degree of microleakage. There were no statistically
significant differences in microleakage between the margins in study for NaOCl treated and non-treated groups (p>0.05), as well as no statistically
significant differences were observed between enamel occlusal margins and root dentin in cervical within groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, data obtained suggest that the use of NaOCl as a surface treatment on dentin and enamel has no
effect on the marginal seal of hybrid glass ionomers.

SELF-ETCHING ADHESIVE: EVALUATION OF MICROLEAKAGE OF SEALANTS IN PRIMARY MOLARS
Gómez, Valeria*; Urzúa, Iván
Corresponding author: Valeria Gomez Gonzalez - valeria.gomez.g@gmail.com
Affiliation: U. DEL DESARROLLO Stgo.
Aim: Compare the microleakage between a self-etching adhesive and conditioning with phosphoric acid when applied on primary teeth prior to the
application of a sealant.
Materials and methods:
24 sound temporal molars were collected. Occlusal surface was cleaned with a brush and water; apices were sealed with glass ionomer. Then, molars
were randomly divided into two groups, 12 each:
Group 1: conventional acid etching technique (37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, washing during 30 seconds and dry) and placement of the sealant
(Helioseal F®, Ivoclar Vivadent).
Group 2: self-etching adhesive technique (Adhese®, Ivoclar Vivadent) and application of sealant. Both groups were kept in saline water, and then
undertaken to 500 cycles of thermocycling. Each cycle consisted of immersing the molars 30 seconds to 5 ± 2 º C and 30 seconds at 55 ± 2 º C.
Then, were immersed in a solution of 0.5% basic fuchsin, 48 hours. After that were washed with water and incorporated into acrylic blocks. 2 cuts
of 1 mm were made in vestibular-lingual direction in each molar. All samples (24) for each group were evaluated under a light microscope with 4x
and 10x magnification, determining the presence or absence of staining in the tooth-sealant interface, classifying as filtered or not, respectively.
Results: Group 1: 22 samples didn´t show microleakage in the interface, and 2 did, both from the same tooth. Group 2: 12 samples (from six molars)
showed microleakage along the interface, and the others, absence.
Conclusion: There’s significant difference in the presence of microleakage between a self-etching adhesive and conditioning with phosphoric acid,
when applied on temporary teeth prior to the application of a sealant. The enamel etched with phosphoric acid 37%, is more effective in reducing
microleakage of sealants applied to temporary molars, compared with the use of self-etching.
Abstract Nº 24 - Dental Materials 3: Ceramic-Based Material and Cements

TENSILE STRENGTH OF COPINGS METAL CEMENTED WITH RESIN CEMENTS V/S ZINC PHOSPHATE
Silva F *; Vildósola P; Valdivia J
Corresponding author: Felipe Silva Romero - fansiro@gmail.com
Aim: To evaluate the tensile strength of copings cemented metal on metal stumps with a minimum anchorage area using 3 cementing agents.
Materials and methods: Two premolars were prepared with minimal anchorage area, and then do 30 equal reproductions of the stump of Cr-Ni
with their respective copings
Of a total of 30 samples, 10 were cemented with RelyX Unicem, 10 with zinc phosphate and 10 with Multilink. After keeping the samples in serum
for 48 hours were tested for tensile strength in a universal testing machine Instron brand model 4411.
Results: The average values of tensile strenght expressed in Mpa were as follows: 10.27 for RelyX Unicem, 10.62 for Zinc Phosphate and 12.86
for Multilink.
Satistically significant differences were found between the groups cemented with RelyX Unicem and Multilink and the groups cemented with zinc
phosphate and Multilink, both with p > 0.05; no statiscally significant differences between the groups cemented with RelyX Unicem and Zinc Phosphate
( P= 0-924).
Conclusion: -Multilink has values of tensile strength greater than those found well for RelyX Unicem cement and zinc phosphate. These differences
were statistically significant (p> 0.05)
-There were no statistically significant differences between the groups cemented with RelyX Unicem cement and zinc phosphate (p = 0.924)
- Metal / Zirconia Primer promotes chemical bonding between cement and metal. It is recommended to metal ceramics crowns cemented with Multilink,
especially when the stump is made from metal, to obtain high levels of retention.
DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BETWEEN DIFFERENT LIGHT-CURING AND SELF-CURING GLASS IONOMER CEMENT
Toledo, Paula*; Castillo-Ruiz, Mario; Vargas, Pablo; Bittner, M
Corresponding author: Paula Toledo Sepúlveda - pau.toledo.s@gmail.com
Aim: To test the antimicrobial ability of light curing glass ionomer cement and self-curing glass ionomer cement against Lactobacillus paracasei and
Streptococcus mutans, considered as the main causative agents of dental caries.
Materials and methods: L. paracasei was grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth and De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) media plates. Also, S.
mutans was grown in BHI broth and Mitis Salivarius plates. The antimicrobial activity of five different glass ionomer tablets was measured in agar
plates by Kirby-Bauer method and in broth media by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test.
Results: We observed that five glass ionomer does not inhibit the growth of L. paracasei nor S. mutans in both media, although it was detected a
decrease in the growth of S. mutans
Conclusion: We conclude that the glass ionomer does not inhibit bacterial growth, but decreases in part the S.mutans growth.
This work was funded by projects from DI 48-09R (MB), DI 24-09/1 (MC-R) of the Universidad Andrés Bello and CONICYT Grant MC-R

HYDROFLUORIC ACID CLEANING PROTOCOLS IN BONDING TO FELDESPATIC CERAMIC
Espejo, Patricia*; Cofré, Carvajal; Gajardo, Manuel; Garay, Jaime; Báez, Abelardo
Corresponding author: Patricia Espejo Del Valle - gajardo.manuel@gmail.com
Aim: To evaluate the influence of differents cleaning protocols of hydrofluoric acid gel in surface treatment of feldespatic ceramics.
Materials and methods: Specimens of 4 mm2 of feldspathic porcelain were fabricated and randomly divided into four groups: (1) Control group,
application of two component silane and hydrofobic resin; (2) etching with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid for 2 minutes, cleaning with 37% phosphoric acid
for 1 minute, coating with silane and hydrophobic resin; (3) etching with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid, cleaning with 37% phosphoric acid for 2 minutes,
coating with silane and hydrophobic resin and (4) etching with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid, cleaning with water spray for 1 minute and coating with silane
and hydrophobic resin. Each sample was embed in acrylic resin and prior surface treatment was perfomed for each group. Resin cylinders were
bonded to each sample. A micro-shear bond test was carried out to measure the bond strength. One-way analysis of covariance was used to compare
the groups for differences in micro-shear bond strength.
Results: The mean values for each groups were as follows: Control group, 10.5 MPa; Cleaning with 1 minute Phosphoric Acid, 25.3 MPa; Cleaning
with 2 minutes Phosporic Acid, 29 MPa and Cleaning with water spray, 14.3 MPa. The analysis indicated statistically significant differences between
groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of 37% phosphoric acid for 1 or 2 minutes after hydrofluoric acid etching appears to be a safe way to clean and obtain adecuate
adhesion to feldespatic ceramic

MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENT IN BONDING TO FELDESPATIC CERAMIC
Cofré, Matías*; Espejo, Patricia; Gajardo, Manuel; Báez, Abelardo
Corresponding author: Matías Cofré Carvajal - catedra@materialesdentales.cl
Aim: To evaluate the effects on shear bond strength of diferent mechanical surface treatments of feldespatic ceramic.
Materials and methods: Specimens of 4 mm2 of feldspathic porcelain were fabricated and randomly divided into three groups: (1) Control group,
no mechanical treatment and application of two component silane and hydrofobic resin; (2) surface roughness with 45 um diamond bur, coating with
silane and hydrophobic resin; (3) surface roughness with 50 um sand blasting plus silane and hydrophobic resin. Each sample was embed in acrylic
resin and surface treatment was perfomed according prior description for each group. Resin cylinders were bonded to each sample. A micro-shear
bond test was carried out to measure the bond strength. One-way analysis of covariance was used to compare the groups for differences in micro-
shear bond strength.
Results: The inferential analysis indicated statistically significant differences (p-value <0.05) The mean values for each groups were as follows:
Control group, silane + hydrophobic resin, 10,5 MPa; roughness with 45 um diamond bur plus silane /hydrophobic resin, 22,1 MPa; roughness with
50 um aluminum oxide sand blasting plus silane/hydrophobic resin 19,8.
Conclusion: The mechanical modification of ceramic surface can be an adjuvant to chemical bonding in adhesive protocols for feldespatic ceramics
reparations and restorations.
Abstract Nº 28 - Dental Materials 4: Clinical Trials
COMPARISON OF THREE CORONARY BIOMATERIALS USED AS BARRIERS IN ENDODONTICS
Navarro,Katherine; Nuñez,Aarón; Sapaj,Vanessa; Vergara,Eduardo *
Corresponding author: Eduardo Vergara Bruna - edovergara@gmail.com
Affiliation: U. DE VALPARAÍSO Valparaiso
Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the sealing ability of presenting three biomaterials used in endodontics coronary barrier.
Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, we used 80 human premolars, which were divided into four study groups of 20 samples each: Group
1 (Resin Flow, Filtek Flow ®), Group 2 (glass ionomer cement, Vitrebond ®) , Group 3 (Clinpro), Group 4 (control group). Every crown on each tooth
was cut out 1 mm above the enamel-cementum limit; biomechanical preparations were realized and afterwards the root canals were filled using the
lateral condensation technique, 2 to 3 mm of gutta-percha were eliminated and coronal barriers were applied.The samples were thermocycled 500
times at 5 ± 2 ° C - 55 ± 2 ° C. The teeth were cut with the microtome specified longitudinally. Data were collected using computer software that allows
accurate measurements from photographs. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 statistical program and submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test
and Mann-Whitney.
Results: The results showed that there were significant differences among the two groups of materials used v / s the control group. Moreover, the
flow resin showed statistically significant differences in sealing relation to the percentage compared with cement glass ionomer . The means for each
group as a% of sealing capacity were 41% for group 1, 13% for group 2,33% for group 3 and 0% for group 4 (control)
Conclusion: The materials used as barriers may prevent coronary microinfiltración endodontic treatments, but not 100%. Although this provides an
alternative for the preservation of these pending the final restoration. The resin flow is one of the best alternatives when choosing a coronal sealing
material, and obtained the best results in this study.
Abstract Nº 29 - Dental Materials 4: Clinical Trials

CONDENSATION DEGREE OF DENTAL AMALGAM IN DENTAL STUDENTS.
Spichiger Matias*; Tripailao Matias; Alvarez Macarena; Gutiérrez Jorge
Corresponding author: Matias Spichiger Reyes - alvarezhmaca@gmail.com
Affiliation: U. DEL DESARROLLO Concepcion
Aim: To compare the condensation degree of amalgams done by students of 2nd and 3th degree in Black cavities I and II.
Materials and methods: 30 molar and premolars extracted by periodontal and orthodontics reasons (1st and 2nd premolar; 1st and 2nd molar)
were radomly selected. A Black cavities class I and II were made with a diamond burr.To prepare the samples, we follow the ADA specifications to
minimized any mistake in the cavity design and to eliminated any area that could concentrated any effort area. Operatoria Dental. (4ª Ed). Buenos
Aires; Editorial Panamericana. (PP 588-602) Tooth were restaured with amalgam GS 80 using a correct presure. The technique was explained by
the teachers of each class. The excess were eliminated then the amalgams were burnished and 1 day latter they were polished. ( Craig, R. 1998)
The samples were stored in artificial saliva. 60 tooth sections were then obtained cutting each teeth long axis with a carburundum disc, and divided
in 2 groups of 30 samples each: Group 1 Dental Materials class and group 2: Oral Rehabilitation I class. Samples were analyzed under microscope
Olympus CX31 and Olympus camera C-5050 using a magnification 40X. Pores were counted in a section af 0,5 mm with a mold made specially
for this study.
Results: The pores were counted under microscope. Results were ordered en a table that allowed the comparison. The results showed that group
1 had 123 pores and group 2: 89 pores. The Spearman test was apply. It was concluded that there is no difference between both groups: 2º and 3º
degree al Universidad del Desarrollo Dental School.
Conclusion: There is no difference between the degree of amalgam condensation in Black cavities I and II comparing students of 2nd and 3rd year
of Universidad del Desarrollo Dental School using Speramen test.
Abstract Nº 30 - Dental Materials 7: Polymer-based Materials-Physical Properties and Performance

ADDITION SILICONE: COMPARISON OF DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY; ONE AND TWO STEPS.
Maturana, Gabriel*
Corresponding author: Gabriel Ignacio Maturana Gómez - matutresh_@hotmail.com
Aim: To compare the dimensional accuracy of the addition silicone in impressions obtained in one and two steps.
Materials and methods: Using a main model with four props of implants (A, B, C, D) 50 impressions took with addition silicone, 25 in one step and
25 in two steps. The plastering were done one hour after polymerized the silicone. Obtained the models of plaster, carried out eight measurements
for each one to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of every technique.
Results: the obtained information compared by means of T of Test not rhyming couplet. Two of eight measurements showed a statistically significant
difference for the distance oclusal between props of implants, with p = 0,002 for A-B and p = 0,003 for A-C.
Conclusion: Both technologies support his dimensional accuracy and are clinical accepted. There is major dimensional accuracy in the capture of
impressions with the technique of two times on having evaluated the distance between props.
Abstract Nº 31 - Dental Materials 9: Other Materials - Chemistry, Properties, Performance
COMPARISON BETWEEN PROTECTION GLASES FOR HIGH INTENSITY BLUE LIGHT
Natalia Delgado Dumenes; Matias Yobanolo Hoffmann; Carol Gayoso Vio*
Corresponding author: Carol Eduardo Gayoso Vio - lazaruz_xii@hotmail.com
Affiliation: U. AUSTRAL DE CHILE Valdivia
Aim: Compare the levels of protection that offer the diferents colors of protection glases for high intensity blue light
Materials and methods: we used polycarbonate protective lenses, colors: red, orange, yellow and black.Polarized sun Glases. then a 0.8 cm x 2
cm sample piece is cut from a lens, later, it is washed with bidistiled water, then unionized water and ethanol.
before The spectophotometer is calibrated with wavelenght parameters, the ones that are going to be measured. (Complete visible spectreompleto
_ 380-700 nm).
Finaly Each samples’s absorbancy is measured and registered in a graphic.
Results: Acording to the parameter corresponding to a wavelenght between 460-480nm, the absorbancy for each lens was: Red : 3 to 3.3 | Orange:
2,5 to 2,8 | Yellow: 1,7 to 0.2 | Black: 1 a 1 | Sun glases : 1,8 a 1,7
Conclusion: A higher absorbancy provides better protection: In matter of color, the lenses which provide a better protection are the red ones, and
the less protective are the yellow and black About black lenses and sun glases, which are the same color, there’s a relation between the material
and the capacity to absorb light.

SEM EVALUATION OF ETCHED ENAMEL WITH HYDROCHLORIC OR PHOSPHORIC ACID
Pérez, Romina*; Quijada, Valentina; Uribe, Sergio
Corresponding author: Romina Pérez Alvarez - romina.perez.al@gmail.com
Aim: To compare in vitro the etching pattern obtained with 37% H3PO4 and 15% HCl on human dental enamel by scanning electron microscope
evaluation.
Materials and methods: Four extracted sound premolars were cut in four parts. Each part was etched with 15% HCL or 37% H3PO4 for 20 or 120
seconds for each acid. Observations were made by scanning electron microscope and pattern of the etched enamel was evaluated.
Results: Etching with 37% H3PO4 for 20 seconds shows superficial pattern of erosion meanwhile the use of H3PO4 for 120 seconds or HCL (20
or 120s) shows almost completely erosion of surface layers. The most regular pattern was obtained with H2PO4-20s and HCL 20s and -120s.
Conclusion: The etching patterns obtained with HCL-20s, -120 and H3OP4-20 are similar, showing a regular pattern. The use of HCL irrespective
of time or H3PO4-120s eroded almost completely the surface enamel layers. Further research need to evaluate the consequences for adhesives
systems.

CRYOPRESERVATION OF TOOTH GERMS AND DEVELOPMENT IN MOUSE KIDNEY CAPSULE
Zamorano S*, Devia M , Diaz A , Diaz F, Valdivia R , Katoh M.
Corresponding author: Sebastian Rodrigo Zamorano Vidal - sebaszamoranovidal@gmail.com
Aim: Develop structures mineralized by cryopreserved mouse tooth germs in the stage (E14.5).
Materials and methods: The study was conducted in mice ICR / JCL SPF under the regulations and principles of the 3Rs, all procedures were
previously approved by the Committee on Animal Bioethics of the Bioregion. The tooth germ at the early bell stage was obtained from fetuses of
pregnant females 14.5 days (E14.5) and was introduced in D-MEM with DMSO under different concentrations. Then frozen at -20 ° C for 2 hours,
then frozen at -80 ° C overnight, and finally introduces liquid nitrogen (-196 ° C). After a period frozen in liquid nitrogen, were thawed and were added
culture medium to remove DMSO and proceeded to transplant the tooth germ in a collagen matrix under the kidney capsule of mice. After 30 days,
they removed the kidney of the mouse, and checked whether a transplanted tissue development
Results: The results indicate that 93% of mouse tooth germs were developed in the renal capsule with a concentration of 20% DMSO, this concentration
showing the largest percentage of development
Conclusion: Mouse tooth germs cryopreserved with DMSO are able to develop a model in vivo, with different levels of development in relation to
the concentration of DMSO.
EFFECTS OF SURFACTANTS IN SILICONES ADDITION
GUAJARDO PAULINA.* ; FRESNO JAVIERA; VALDIVIA JOSE
Corresponding author: Paulina Guajardo Escobar - paulinaguajardoe@gmail.com
Aim: To determine that the prints with intrinsic surfactant in silicones addition have pores to be emptied immediately after removal of the mouth and
see if the use of extrinsic surfactants, which are recommended to reduce pores, affect their dimensional stability.
Materials and methods: Of a master model were taken 30 impressions by the silicone addition, all the casts were made immediately after removal
of buckets from the model. In 15 samples, prior to emptied, we applied a surfactant on the surface, with this sample were divided into 2 groups.
Then we evaluated the existence of pores and was measured horizontally and vertically to the samples to determine if the surfactants are unfavorable
dimensionally.
Results: The count of pores per cm2 averaged 4.43 in the models on their surface treated with surfactants extrinsic, in those who were not treated
the average was 10.05.
In the statistical analysis is considered that if p <0.05 there is a statistically significant difference. In the pore count p = 0.0000, so there is a statistically
significant difference. The horizontal measurements p = 0.0000, according to the above there is a statistically significant difference, in the case of
vertical p = 0.4180, therefore there is no statistically significant difference.
Conclusion: 1. Extrinsic surfactant produces a statistically significant difference in reducing pores in the immediate emptied, in the case of intrinsic
there is no significant effect.
2.The surfactants provide less hydrophobic characteristics to the silicones addition, but have a negative effect on dimensional stability of impressions.

EVALUATING SMEAR LAYER REMOVAL FOLLOWING NITI-ROTARY INSTRUMENTATION WITH VISCOUS CHELATOR
Peschke, Erika*; Nenen, Felipe; Zamora, Gastón
Corresponding author: Erika Peschke Sanhueza - epeschke@gmail.com
Aim: To compare, using optic microscopy, the smear layer generated along root canal walls following instrumentation, in vitro, with one rotary NiTi
system, with or without the application of a viscous chelator.
Materials and methods: 36 single-rooted, non-curved human teeth were selected and instrumented with one type of NiTi rotary instrument. The
sample was divided into three groups. Irrigation in group A and B was performed after each instrument change with NaOCl 5,25%, and at last a flush
of EDTA 17%, than NaOCl 5,25% and a final rinse with physiologic saline solution. Also in group A, it was used a viscous chelator between each
file. Group C served as positive control (physiologic saline solution). The roots were then longitudinally grooved and sectioned by thirds. The residual
root canal smear layer presented in apical and middle thirds was stained with 1% methylene blue and evaluated at 10 x magnification. The smear
layer score obtained at both canal regions was compared statistically within the same group and among different groups using descriptive statististics
and non-parametric test.
Results: Apical third were mostly contamined with smear layer in all groups. A statistically significant difference was found between apical third and
middle third for group A and C (p< 0.05). Canals treated with EDTA and viscous chelator displayed, significally more residual smear layer then those
treated with convensional irrigation and slightly less then the positive control, but not statistically significance.
A B C
Middle 1,33 1,25 1,42
Apical 1,92 1,5 2,33
Tabla 1: mean of score for each group.
Conclusion: A viscous chelator used in conjuntion with conventional irrigation generated statistically more smear layer then convensional irrigation
by itself when is used in single non curve roots for recapitulation, in apical third.
Abstract Nº 36 - Cariology Research

EFFECTIVENESS OF APPROXIMAL SEALANTS IN HIGH-RISK SCHOOLCHILDREN OF VALPARAISO
Gomez, Santiago *; Corvalán, Gonzalo; Quiroz, Mariela; Morán, María Paz
Corresponding author: Santiago Gomez Soler - ssgomezsoler@gmail.com
Aim: To determine the effectiveness of both preventive and therapeutic approximal sealants, in high-risk schoolchildren of Valparaíso.
Materials and methods: A prospective experimental design, randomized, double-blind split-mouth method, was performed in 45 schoolchildren of
low socioeconomic status, between 8 and 10 years old of Viña-Valparaiso (0.6 ppm / F). 118 sound surfaces or lesions in the mesial surface of first
permanent molar (1st MPM) were selected and divided into 3 groups of 15 children each: A) 1st MPM healthy in contact with a lesion on the distal
surface of 2nd primary molar (2nd DPM); B) lesions on both adjacent surfaces (2nd DPM and 1st MPM) and C) both adjacent surfaces of molars
radiographically healthy. One 1st MPM, randomly chosen was sealed in group A (preventive) and group B ( (therapeutic), respectively, leaving an
unsealed surface homologous as control. All groups were instructed in oral hygiene techniques and assured to be given toothpaste (1450 ppm / F)
and toothbrushes. Geometrically standardized radiographs were taken before the treatment and also after 12 months. Chi- squared test and the
Fisher’s PLSD post-hoc test were performed to compare the groups. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: According with the split-mouth design, in group A), 5.6% and 38.8% of new lesions were detected in the test and control surfaces, respectively
(p < 0.05). In group B), just one therapeutically sealed lesion progressed (9.1%) and five ( 45.4%) in the control surfaces (p < 0.05). In control group
C), 3 approximal initial caries were developed at 12 months (20%).
Conclusion: The preventive sealing of approximal surfaces or the therapeutic sealing of approximal initial caries lesions show a high degree of
effectiveness in prevent or arrest its progression in high-risk schoolchildren.
EARLY PROXIMAL CARIES DIAGNOSIS: LCBCT, DIGITAL AND FILM RADIOGRAPHY ACCURACY
Sirandoni, Giglia *; Naranjo, Ramón; Onetto, Juan Eduardo
Corresponding author: Giglia Sirandoni Jara - gsirandoni@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of limited cone beam computed tomography (LCBCT) , digital radiography and F-speed
film in early caries diagnosis.
Materials and methods: Forty eight extracted human permanent teeth without fillings (12 canines, 24 premolars and 12 molars), with different stages
of early caries process in their proximal surfaces were selected. Twelve sets were randomly mounted in a Drillco tray system including one canine,
two premolars and one molar. Each set had 8 proximal surfaces, with a total of 96 proximal surfaces. An x-ray series, using LCBCT ( I-Cat Next
Generation-Imaging Sciences), Image Plate System (Gendex intraoral System) and F-speed films (Planmeca Prostyle), were taken to each set. One
observer radiologist evaluated the images from all modalities, scoring caries lesions with Mejáre et. al scale. Each tooth was sectioned mesio-distally
using a Buehler Isomet. An histopathology evaluation was performed by other researcher, as a gold standard value.
Agreement between histology and each technique were calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistics.
Results: The area under the ROC curves was not significantly different between reference and test systems (p√ 0.05).
Conclusion: There are no significant differences in caries diagnosis between LCBCT, digital and film radiography. The use of LCBCT as a promising
tool for detection and diagnosis of proximal caries must be questionable.

FERMENTABLE CARBOHYDRATE CONSUMPTION AND CARIES EXPERIENCE.
Fernández Constanza*; Díaz Nora ; Giacaman Rodrigo A.
Corresponding author: Constanza Fernández González - cfernandez.go@gmail.com
Aim: It is widely acknowledged that a high frequency of fermentable carbohydrate consumption in the diet is associated with higher rates of caries.
Scientific evidence supporting this association, however, remains elusive. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the cariogenic potential
of the diet and its association with caries experience in adults.
Materials and methods: 221 subjects aged 12 to 67 years were randomly selected and divided into five age categories. Caries experience was
assessed through the DMTF index supplemented with bitewing radiographs. Each subject filled a dietary record for a week, registering type, frequency
and time of consumption (mealtimes or between meal) of carbohydrate-containing foods. Each carbohydrate type was assigned a score according
its putative cariogenicity. By adding frequency and occasion scores, the cariogenic potential of the diet was obtained and categorized as high, moderate
or low. The results were analyzed using parametric tests and several multinomial logistic regression models.
Results: DMTF index significantly increased at each age group (p<0.001). While most of the individuals had a moderate cariogenic potential, only
9.5% showed a low level. DMFT failed to show differences by cariogenic potential (p>0.05). By adjusting several logistic regression models, no
association between caries experience and frequency, time of consumption, or cariogenic potential of the diet could be found (p=0.52).
Conclusion: Cariogenic potential from supposedly cariogenic foods, was not related with caries experience in adults. These results suggest the
need for new tools to determine caries risk by diet assessment and to explore other foods potentially protective.

RESTORATIVE TREATMENT DECISIONS ON APPROXIMAL AND OCCLUSAL CARIES IN CHILE
Ruiz, Begoña*; Rodríguez, Gonzalo; Cabello, Rodrigo; Urzúa, Iván
Corresponding author: Begoña Ruiz Conrads - begoruizconrads@gmail.com
Aim: To describe the threshold for operative treatment of approximal and occlusal caries in permanent teeth and the use of dental materials among
dentists working at Primary Health Care Services in Chile.
Materials and methods: The Spanish version of the
“Questionnaire on the treatment of approximal and occlusal caries” was applied in August-October 2009 to a convenience sample of 132 dentists
working at Primary Health Care Services in Chile. The questions included were related to knowledge and beliefs about caries, treatment strategies
and choice of dental materials.
Results: For the case question: In an adolescent with low caries activity and good oral hygiene, which lesion or lesions should be restored immediately?
57% of the dentists stated that they would immediately restore an approximal caries lesion even when its radiographic appearance does not show
obvious progression in dentin. Additionally, 16% of them would restore lesions confined to the enamel. The majority of dentists suggested composite
resin for restoring the approximal surface (72%), the remaining suggested amalgam (12%), light cured glass ionomer cement (15%) and conventional
glass ionomer cement (1%). Regarding treatment criteria for occlusal lesions, 65% of the dentists would only consider immediate restorative treatment
for an occlusal surface if obvious cavitation and/or radiographic signs of dentin caries could be observed. Composite was also the first material of
choice for restoring the occlusal surface (77%). Of the remaining, 11% of the dentists suggested amalgam, 8% light cured glass ionomer cement,
2% conventional glass ionomer cement and 3% combined sealant and composite.
Conclusion: More than half of the participating dentists initiate operative treatment in approximal lesions that are not recorded in dentin. Moreover,
one fifth of them initiate operative treatment in occlusal lesions confined to enamel. Composite resin is the dominating material of choice for restoring
both approximal and occlusal lesions.
PERFORMANCE OF CONE BEAM FOR CARIES DETECTION. A PILOT STUDY.
Sanchez, Jenny*; Cabello Rodrigo; Rodriguez Gonzalo; Guzman Carmen; Urzua Ivan.
Corresponding author: Jenny Carolina Sanchez Gonzalez - jecasan@hotmail.com
Aim: To determine the sensitivity, specificity and ROC curve of digital high-resolution cone beam images for occlusal enamel caries detection.
Materials and methods: Non-restored, extracted permanent human premolar and molar teeth were mounted and imaged with a 3DX Siemens-
Sirona, Galileo model. 49 occlusal surfaces were selected and assessed by 4 dentists using a five-step confidence scale on images obtained of
CONE BEAM for detection of enamel caries on occlusal surfaces. CONE BEAM category 3, the questionable category, was excluded from data
analysis. After evaluation, teeth were histologically prepared and assessed by an expert group for caries extension gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity
and ROC curve were calculated.
Results: A total of 114 enamel occlusal caries lesions were identified by histological observation and 151 enamel caries lesions were detected by
cone beam images. 65.5% of the detection results of cone bean were correctly classified. For occlusal caries lesion detection in enamel, sensitivity
and specificity was 89.4% and 22.2% respectively. ROC area was O.56 with a 95% of confidence interval with upper limit of 0.48 and a lower limit
of 0.63.
Conclusion: The data suggests that cone beam has high sensitivity and very low specificity for occlusal caries lesion detection in enamel. Futher
research is required.

ABFRACTION AND TOOTH WEAR IN AN ANCIENT PRE-COLUMBIAN CULTURE.
Faleiros, S* ; Urzua, I; Cabello, R; Rodriguez, G
Corresponding author: Simone Faleiros Chioca - simone_chioca@yahoo.com.br
Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of occlusal tooth wear and the presence of abfraction in an ancient culture that
inhabitated the Atacama Desert in Chile (approx. 500 AD).
Materials and methods: The examination was performed on adult human skeletal remains of the pre-Columbian archaeological site of San Pedro
de Atacama. After visual examination of 148 human remains, analysis was performed in 67 individuals from which the prevalence of occlusal tooth
wear and abfraction was recorded. These skeletons had at least one tooth in each sextant, complete head and gnathic remains. The examination
was performed by a single examiner with previous clinical training regarding the “Basic Erosive Wear Examination” (BEWE) under adequate light
conditions and visibility.
Results: The results showed that only 1 subject had no signs of tooth wear, that represents 1.5 % (95% CI: -1.5%;4.5%) of the total. A maximum of
32 and a minimum of 7 affected teeth per gnathic remain was observed. The mean of affected teeth was 21.3 (SD 6.4). The BEWE index recorded
was 2.7 (95% CI:2.6; 2.8). On the other hand, abfractive lesions were not found in any of the examined human remains.
Conclusion: The prevalence of occlusal wear was high but none of the analyzed teeth presented signs of abfraction-like lesions. These findings
suggest doubt respect the association between occlusal stress and the presence of abfraction-like lesions

RESTORATIVE TREATMENT DECISIONS AMONG GENERAL DENTISTS AND CARIOLOGY EXPERT GROUP.
Urzua, Ivan*; Ruiz, Begoña; Rodriguez, Gonzalo; Cabello, Rodrigo
Corresponding author: Ivan Urzua Araya - ivanurzua@yahoo.com

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare restorative treatment decisions among general dentists working at Valdivia and Puerto Montt primary
health care services with a group of cariology experts.
Materials and methods: The validated Spanish version of “Questionnaire on the treatment of approximal and occlusal caries” was applied to a
convenience sample of 38 general dentists working at primary health care services of two southern cities of Chile (Valdivia and Puerto Montt). The
questions included were related to knowledge and beliefs about caries, treatment strategies and choice of dental materials. The global score of the
questionnaire was then compared with the results obtained from a group of a 21 dentists characterized as cariologists as for their certified post
graduation in cariology. The comparison of proportions was performed using chi2 test. Data was analyzed using STATA 9.5.
Results: The global score of the questionnaire indicated that the resulting ratio of minimally invasive dentists versus invasive was 63.2(95%CI 47.1%-
79.2%) and 36.8 (95%CI 20.8%-52.9%) respectively in the general dentist group (working at primary health care services of Valdivia and Puerto
Montt). The global score of the questionnaire indicated that all of the 21 dentists characterized as cariologists were considered minimally invasive
dentists. The results of the comparison of proportions (chi2 test) revealed that the difference was significant for the one tailed test (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: The data suggests that general dentists working at primary health care services of two southern cities of Chile are more invasive in
their restorative treatment decisions than the cariologist group regarding the management of approximal and occlusal caries lesions. These findings
support the need for continuous education in the field of preventive and minimally invasive dentistry.
CARIES IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT A FLUORIDATED MILK.
Ellicker Tamara, Zillmann Gisela, Yevenes Ismael
Corresponding author: Ismael Yevenes Lopez - iyevenes@odontologia.uchile.cl
Aim: Objectives. An alternative vehicle for systemic fluoride for caries prevention is incorporating the fluoride in milk. Its distribution in Chile is made
using the Fluorinated School Feeding Programme (PAE-F). These study compares dental caries´ prevalence and severity in children of 8 years old
residing since its birth in non-fluoridated areas and attend public schools with and without PAE-F.
Materials and methods: the sample selected was: 40 children from a rural school of Pirque, receiving fluoridated milk through the PAE-F, and 50
children from two urban schools of Maipú, not attached to this Programme. The percentage of caries-free was according WHO methodology. The
severity was determinate with dmf-t and DMF-T indices. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney, was considered
a significance level of 0.05% (p <0.05).
Results: The prevalence and severity of caries was higher for the examined children of Pirque (rural community), reaching statistically significant
differences on the average of caries-free children and between DMF-T indices.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the PAE-F is not sufficient by itself to achieve better oral health in children beneficiaries in relation to children
from Maipú, not covered by the program, which could be due to the likelihood of further damage by dental caries in children examined of Pirque,
associated with rural conditions.

STABILITY AND ACTIVITY ANTISEPTIC MOUTHWASH WITH METAL ION.
YÉVENES ISMAEL, NEIRA MIGUEL*, DIAZ MARIO, GALVAN TOMAS.
Aim: Mouthwashes containing antiseptics and ion metallic were investigated in their stability and antiseptics activity.
Materials and methods: Antiseptic Activity in Vitro: were prepared Mueller Hinton agar plates more mouthwash (18:2) and added 5 ul of suspensions
of S. mutans ATCC 35 668 to 24 hours of incubation in normal saline of 104 CFU / ml and 105 CFU / ml. The plates were incubated for 48 hours in
microaerophilic conditions at 35-37 ° C.
Study of stability and accelerated stability. This study was done: placing the bottle vertically, in real time at 25 ° C + 2 º C and 60 + 5% relative humidity
(RH) and 40 º C + 2 º C and 70 + 5% RH during the following periods: initial, 30, 60 and 90 days. Evaluating, appearance, density, pH and concentration
of hydrogen peroxide. The density was measured by weighing a known volume, the pH was measured in a potentiometric form and hydrogen
peroxide by permanganate titration.
Results: The plates are read for both concentrations of 104 CFU / ml and 105 CFU / ml. showed that there was no microbial growth of S. mutans
ATCC 35 668 in the MH-agar plates containing Mouthwash.
Stability at room temperature. The results show that the mouthwash keeps their measured values until the third month within preset standards of
stability, but with a pH acidification and decreased hydrogen peroxide content.
Accelerated stability. On the effect of temperature shows a significant decrease of pH and hydrogen peroxide outside the preset limits of stability
and the second month of incubation.
Conclusion: The mouthwash has antiseptic activity initially but this decreased over time. It is confirmed by the results of stability at room temperature
and accelerated. This raises the inactivation of hydrogen peroxide by the presence of zinc ion.

CARIES AND FLUOROSIS IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT FLUORIDATED WATER.
ESPINOZA PAMELA, YÉVENES ISMAEL*, ZILLMANN GISELA.
Aim: Determination of prevalence and severity of dental caries and fluorosis in children in eight years, residing since birth in the towns of Independence
(supplemented with fluoride) and Maipú (devoid of fluorine in the water).
Materials and methods: A sample of 100 children aged 8 years, 50 of the town of Independence and 50 of the municipality of Maipú. The caries-
free´s of children percentage was studied with the WHO´s methodology. Caries severity were determinate with dmft and DMFT indices. The
prevalence and severity of fluorosis was diagnosed used Dean index.
Results: The average of caries-free children reached 38% in the town of Independence and 10% from Maipú. The severity of caries, dmft index in
the town of Independence was 2.14 (0.54 decayed teeth, 0.04 indicating extration for dental caries and 1.58 sealed teeth). In Maipú was 3.82 divided
into 1.56 decayed teeth, 0.46 indicating extration for dental caries and 1.84 sealed teeth. To Independence DMFT index was 0.92 with (0.26 decayed
teeth, 0.66 filled teeth and 0.0 missing teeth). Maipú was valued 1.48 (1.02 decayed, 0.36 filled and 0.1 missing teeth). In both indices, significant
differences were found between the municipalities. The fluorosis prevalence in the community of Independence was 48.8%, corresponding to the
Very Light and Light categories, mainly. The prevalence of fluorosis In Maipú community was 16%. Most were more Very Light .
Conclusion: The contribution of fluoride in drinking water in the town of Independence on children of 8 years a decrease in the prevalence and
severity of dental caries and an increased prevalence and severity of fluorosis.
FLUORIDATED MILK AND CARIOGENICITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILMS.
*Muñoz María José; Ccahuana-Vàsquez R.A; Muñoz C.; Giacaman R.A.; Cury J.A.
Corresponding author: María José Muñoz Cifuentes - majomuci@gmail.com
Aim: Although fluoridated milk has proven to be an effective measure in reducing caries, its effects on cariogenic flora is less clear, especially in
dentin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fluoridated bovine milk on Streptoccocus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms and on
demineralization of enamel and root dentin, in vitro.
Materials and methods: S. mutans UA159 biofilms were grown on bovine enamel and dentin slabs (n=27) in ultrafiltered tryptone-yeast extract
broth and were exposed to 10% sucrose 8 times/day. On the second day, slabs were divided into four groups and each exposed twice a day to: Group
1: NaCl 0.9% (negative control), Group 2: bovine milk, Group 3: fluoridated bovine milk (5 ppm NaF) and Group 4: NaF 0.05% (positive control).
Biofilm acidogenicity (pH) was periodically monitored. After 5 days to enamel and 4 days to dentin, biofilms were collected to analyse: viable
microorganisms, biofilm dry weight, total soluble protein, extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides. The percentage of surface hardness loss
(%SHL) was determined on the dental slabs as an indicator of demineralization. All the experiments were repeated three times and performed in
triplicate. Results were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey test.
Results: pH, viable microorganisms, dry weight, total soluble proteins and polysaccharides values did not show statistically significant differences either
between enamel and dentin, or between treatment groups. %SHL of group 3 and 4 were lower than group 1 and 2, both for enamel and dentin (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Fluoridated bovine milk prevents demineralization of enamel and dentin caused by sucrose, similarly to 0.05% NaF. Fluoridated milk
does not seem to affect the proliferation and growth of the biofilm. The mechanism by which fluoridated milk does not seem to affect the proliferation
and growth of the biofilm appears to be physicochemical and needs further research.

BOVINE MILK CARIOGENICITY ON S. MUTANS BIOFILMS
Muñoz Cecilia *, ; Muñoz Maria Jose, ; Ccahuana-Vásquez Renzo A, ; Giacaman Rodrigo A, ; Cury Jaime A.
Corresponding author: Cecilia De Los Angeles Muñoz Sandoval - cetenis@gmail.com
Aim: Although still debatable, bovine milk has cariogenic and anticariogenic properties due to lactose and protein composition, respectively. The
objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of milk on S. mutans biofilm composition and its effect on enamel and dentin demineralization.
Materials and methods: S. mutans UA159 biofilms were grown on enamel and dentin bovine slabs immersed in culture medium ultrafiltered tryptone-
yeast extract broth containing 0.10 mM glucose. Enamel and dentine slabs (n=27) of known surface hardness (SH) were allocated to 3 groups of
treatment: Group I: Sucrose 10% (positive control), Group II: bovine milk (test), Group III: 4.5% lactose (bovine milk concentration, active control group).
Each biofilm was experimentally treated 8 times per day in triplicate. The experiments were carried out three times in three separated phases. After each
phase, biofilms were collected and the values of dry weight, total protein, acidogenicity (pH), intracellular polysaccharides, soluble and insoluble extracellular
polysaccharides were determined. SH of the slabs was again determined and the percentage of surface hardness change (%SHC) was calculated as
indicator of demineralization. The difference between the treatment groups was assessed by ANOVA followed by Tukey test.
Results: In enamel, Group I (sucrose) showed significantly higher values of biomass, total protein, pH and %SHC than the other groups (p<0.05).
In dentin, Group I exhibited significantly higher values of: biofilm formation, total protein, insoluble extracellular polysaccharide, pH and %SHC than
the other groups (p<0.05). GII and GIII did not differ between them (p>0.05) for any parameter, either for enamel or dentine. Dentine demineralization
was higher than enamel (p<0.05).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that S.mutans biofilm formed under bovine milk exposure results less cariogenic than that formed from sucrose
but this effect may not be due to milk anticariogenic properties.

PREDICTIVE VALUE OF CARIOGRAM IN CHILEAN ADULTS
Bravo, Valeria*; Fuentes, Nathaly; Miranda, Paulina; Giacaman, Rodrigo
Corresponding author: Valeria Del Carmen Bravo León - vally_bl2001@hotmail.com
Aim: Cariogram is a computer program that allows assessing caries risk, based on an algorithm. Lately, its use has increased, but no information in
Chile is available to support its use in Chile. Given the lack of scientific background to use the software, the aim of this study was to determine if
caries risk values obtained from Cariogram are related to caries experience or caries number in Chilean adults.
Materials and methods: From clinical records, 180 Cariograms were completed among a random sample of patients that attended the Clinics of
the University of Talca. Patients were 10 to 56 years old (mean: 23.28 years). 7 componenet factors of the software were included to complete
the Carograms: diet, in content and frequency, caries experience, stimulated salivary flow, Hygiene Index, related diseases, fluoride usage. From
those data, a numeric value for the “chances of avoiding new lesions” (caries risk) was determined. Subjects were classified into 5 risk groups. Results
were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey to determine if caries experience (DMFS) or the actual number of caries lesions was associated with
higher values from the Cariogram.
Results: Only 3 patients were classified as “low risk” and none as”“very low risk”. Thus, only the three upper quintiles were considered for the analysis
and the lower ones were not considered in the study. Neither DMFT nor DMFS resulted significantly different among the three risk groups of the
Cariogram (p>0.05). When the amount of caries lesions in the groups of very high, high and medium caries risk was taken into consideration,
differences among were not significantly different (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Cariogenic risk from Cariogram seems unrelated to caries activity in Chilean adults. New studies are suggested to confirm these results.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREVALENCE OF CARIES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Rodríguez Gonzalo*; Cabello Rodrigo; Urzúa Iván; Zillmann Gisela
Corresponding author: Gonzalo Rodríguez Martínez - gonzalo.a.rodriguez@gmail.com
Aim: To estimate the association between reported oral health behaviors and sociodemografic factors with caries prevalence of a Chilean preschool
population.
Materials and methods: The study was carried out in 380 randomly selected 2 to 6 year old preschool children of Northern area of Metropolitan
Region, with previous acquisition of the parental informed consent. The sample was conformed by 8% of 2 year olds, 17% of 3 year olds, 27% of 4
year olds, 31% of 5 year olds and 17% of 6 year olds. The clinical examination was carried out in accordance with WHO criteria, without probe, with
a mouth mirror and a LED light. The children were examined in their classrooms, seated on ordinary chairs. The examinations were performed by
one calibrated dentist. The children’s parents were asked to complete a pre-tested questionnaire consisting of structured, open-ended questions
regarding oral hygiene, dietary habits, oral health behaviour and socioeconomic variables. These questionnaires were distributed by the teacher and
were accompanied by a letter explaining the purpose of the survey.
Results: Significant variables associated with prevalence of caries were: age (OR=1.53; 95% CI:1.27-1.84), number of children in the family (OR=1,21;
95% CI:1.01-1.43), visits to the dentist (OR=2.51; 95% CI:1.61-3.91), starting age of brushing technique (OR=2.13; 95% CI:1.19-3.80), eating more
than 5 times a day (OR=1.96; 95% CI:1.31-2.96), starting age of consumption of sugary beverages (OR=1.97; 95% CI:1.11-3.52), starting age of
consumption of chocolate (OR=3.86; 95% CI:2.03-7.31), starting age of consumption of salad snacks (OR=3.37; 95% CI:1.74-6.52) and starting age
of consumption of ice cream (OR=2.41; 95% CI:1.29-4.45).
Conclusion: Starting age of consumption of some cariogenic foods, starting age of brushing and eating more than 5 times a day, were the variables
associated with prevalence of caries in Chilean preschool children. Results underline the importance of brushing and diet management since very
young age.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DISTRIBUTION AND SEVERITY OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES
Cabello Rodrigo*; Rodríguez Gonzalo; Urzúa Iván; Ruiz Begoña; Zillmann Gisela
Corresponding author: Rodrigo A. Cabello Ibacache - rcabelloi@hotmail.com

Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the association between reported oral health behaviors and socio demographic factors with patterns and
severity of caries in a Chilean preschool population.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional sample of 380 randomly selected preschool children of Northern area in the Metropolitan Region was
examined. All individuals presented an informed consent signed by their parents. The clinical examination was carried out in accordance with WHO
criteria by one calibrated dentist. The parents were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of structured, open-ended questions regarding oral
hygiene, dietary habits, oral health behavior and socioeconomic variables. The dmft Index was calculated from clinical data. Logistic regression
analysis was performed among oral health behavior and socioeconomic variables, dmft Index>4, dmft Index >6 and the anterior pattern distribution
of dental caries.
Results: Significant variables associated with anterior caries pattern were: starting age of consumption of chocolate and starting age of consumption
of salad snacks. Significant variables associated with dmft Index >4 were: age, dental checkup, breastfeeding, starting age of consumption of soda,
starting age of consumption of chocolate and starting age of consumption of salad snacks. Significant variables associated with dmft Index >6 were:
age, dental checkup, age at the first dental checkup, breastfeeding, starting age of consumption of soda, starting age of consumption of chocolate
and starting age of consumption of ice cream.
Conclusion: Reported oral health behaviors and socio demographic factors were significantly associated with anterior caries pattern, dmft Index
>4 and dmft Index >6.
QUANTIFICATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS IN TOOTHBRUSHES
Urrea Katherine *; Olivares María José; Rebolledo Sebastián
Corresponding author: Katherine Urrea Valdés - kattyurrea@gmail.com
Aim: The objective of this study was to determinate CFU/ml of Streptococcus mutans in toothbrushes of pediatric patients and to relate them with
level of cariogenic activity and to the degree of severity of caries of the examinated patients.
Materials and methods: A descriptive study was realized in 6-8 years old patients recruited in the system of Pediatric Dental Attention of the University
of Valparaiso, Chile, and that agreed to take part in it. CFU (Colony-Forming Unit) of Streptococcus mutans present in toothbrushes, quantified using
selective agar TYCSB.
The study began with a general dental examination to every patient, where was established their cariogenic activity. Among the examined patients
was observed a mean number of deft-DMFT of 6 teeth, with a mean severity of 1.5 carious injuries and 2.4 cavitations.
It was given a new toothbrush to every patient, which was used for 30 days. Later these were withdrawn in each one domicile, and in there the sample
was taken to avoid environmental contamination. After that, the samples were transported to the laboratory and were successfully cultivated in TYCSB
agar. Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel version 2007, and were analyzed in SPSS 15.0 for Windows.
Results: It was founded a mean number of 17160 CFU/ml in women and 110000 CFU/ml in men. When CFU/ml of S. mutans and cariogenic activity
were related, the Pearson correlation value was r=-0.364, establishing an inverse relationship among the variables. When a correlation among CFU/ml
of S. mutans and the severity level of caries (injury or cavity) was established, negative results were achieved for both variables: r=-0.233 for injuries;
and r=-0.188 for cavities, establishing an inverse relationship.
Conclusion: Negative correlation results were obtained, establishing an inversely proportional relation between the variables. Therefore, when the
cariogenic activity and severity level were higher, the quantity of CFU/ml of Str. mutans was lower.

RESIN INFILTRATION IN ARTIFICIAL ENAMEL CARIOUS LESIONS
Bórquez, Francisco*; Zúñiga, Loreto; Gajardo, Manuel
Corresponding author: Francisco Bórquez Rodriguez - catedra@materialesdentales.cl
Aim: To determine the deep of penetration of a resin infiltrant in artificial carious lesions.
Materials and methods: Flat labial enamel surfaces of human molars were mount in acrylic blocks, ground with 600-grit SiC and coated with nail
varnish, leaving rectangular windows of enamel uncoated. Subsequently, they were immersed in a lactic acid gel (pH 5.0) for 4 weeks to make an
artificial lesion on enamel surface. Later, in each sample was applied a resin infiltrant (ICON, DMG) according to manufacturer instructions. To evaluate
te deep of penetration, the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.
Results: The measurement through scanning electron microscopy showed a good deep of penetration of resin infiltrant inside artificial enamel lesions.
Conclusion: The resin infiltration technique for the treatment of non cavitated carious lesions, appear to be a viable way to control the carious disease.

COMPARISON BETWEEN PROMOTIONAL PROGRAM AND PREVENTIVE THERAPY IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Muñoz Valentina*, Saavedra Leopoldo, Fernandez Lucía, Uribe Sergio, Rodriguez Macarena, Zamora Alejandra, Mendez Magdalena, Moraga Karla,
Cueto Rodrigo, De Ugarte Nerea
Corresponding author: Valentina Muñoz Cárdenas - valentinadelpilar@gmail.com
Affiliation: Servicio de Salud
Aim: To Compare Cariogram and COP-d of pregnant women who received Duraphat 5% application and Oral Health Care Educational Interventions,
with pregnant women who only received Oral Health Care Educational Interventions.
Materials and methods: Clinical, randomized double- blind study. After Ethic Committee approval, 22 women in their second trimester of pregnancy
were selected. All of them gave their voluntary consent to participate. Two groups of 11 pregnant women each (G1 y G2) were formed. In their first
appointment, all participants were odontologically examined by calibrated examiners (kappa inter 0, 86; intra 0,94) and also answered 4 surveys
necessaries to determine Caries Risk with Cariogram Model. In the second appointment, two operators applied Duraphat 5% to G1 and Proxyt to
G2 following the same strict protocol of application and post-operative indications. On the third, fourth and fifth appointments, both groups participate
of educational theorical-practical interventions, each one with specific objectives to achieve. Six months later, during post-pregnancy period, the
experience was repeated.
Results: There were no significant differences in COP-d and Cariogram between groups of treatment. The Caries Risk media increased on 2,09 %
for G1 and in 1% for G2 after treatments. The difference between Medias of COP-d increased on 2,273 for G1 and 1,364 for G2.
Conclusion: Post- pregnancy could be considered a High Caries-Risk Period so promotional and preventive therapy with Fluoride Varnishes should
continue during this period until Caries- Risk of participants sufficiently improves. Oral Health Care Educational Interventions and Fluoride Varnishes
5% applications could have an increment of its cost-effectiveness if they are applied every 3 months during pregnancy.
Abstract Nº 54 - Prosthodontics Research
MATHEMATICAL ALGORITHM TO QUANTIFY CONVERGENCE ANGLES IN PREPARED ARTIFICIAL TEETH
Flores Marco*; Lebrecht Walter; Figueroa Rodolfo
Corresponding author: Marco Antonio Flores Velasquez - marcoflores@telsur.cl
Affiliation: U. DE LA FRONTERA Temuco
Aim: Objetives: Determine a mathematical algorithm to directly measure the convergence angle (CA) in tooth preparations dies.
Materials and methods: The experimental model system consisted of crown preparations dies simulated on plaster, which the CA was measured
by three trigonometric formulas. Formulas were obtained from mathematical models representing the crown preparation as a truncated pyramid
shape, which allows a triangular projection on the plane. 60 direct measurements were made in situ on the walls of 15 dies. An image was obtained
from each die using a digital camera (Schick CDR). The CA were measured using software tools (Control) The data were analyzed using correlation
analysis.
Results: The angles calculated with the three math formulas (# 1, # 2 and # 3) showed a high level of correlation with the control except for two
samples. Correlation values were detected over 80% in the three formulas.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study we can conclude that: The formula 1 allowed to simplify the process of measuring the AC The Formula
3 showed less relative variability of Control, but requires more data. The formula 2 required the same amount of data that the 3 and showed the same
variability that the formula 1.
This research was supported by the Research Division of the Universidad De La Frontera with the project DIUFRO 2010 Introduction to Research
No. DI10-0008.

DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY OF TWO POLYVINYL SILOXANE PUTTY/WASH IMPRESSION TECHNIQUES.
Lozán, Beatriz*; Saieh, Daniela; Nakouzi, Jorge
Corresponding author: Beatriz Lozán Garretón - beatrizlozan@gmail.com
Aim: The impression technique and control of wash bulk has been described as critical factors that influence the dimensional accuracy of stone
models. The purpose of this study was (1) to compare polyvinyl siloxane dimensional accuracy in the 2-step impression technique for fixed prosthodontics
using two spacers, different in their ability of controlling wash bulk, and (2) determine the effect of the technique on the dimensional accuracy of stone
models.
Materials and methods: The 2 putty/wash impression techniques used were: (1) 2-step with 2-mm relief, using calibrated acrylic resin copings in
the putty stage to create 2-mm wash space and (2) 2-step with lead foils of dental x-ray film packets. For each technique, 20 impressions were made
of a master model that contained 4 titanium abutments. Accuracy was assessed by measuring 6 dimensions (intraabutment and interabutment) on
stone dies poured from impressions of the master model.
Results: The Independent samples T-test used to compare both groups, showed that there were not statistically significant differences on dimensional
accuracy among the two techniques (P > 0, 05). However, stone models made by the 2-step putty/wash technique with acrylic resin copings spacers
have a lower percentage of dimensional change. The One-sample T-test used to compare each group with the master measures, showed statistically
significant differences in one interabutment measure of the lead foil spacer group. Other measurements of the same technique appear to be close
of having statistically significant differences when they were compared to master measurements.
Conclusion: Both techniques can create accurate models; however some imprecisions were registered in the lead foil spacer group. Acrylic resin
copings can be represented as temporary crowns and are a reliable technique that allows reliable casts with less dimensional variations. The effect
of technique and wash bulk on dimensional accuracy may be important to obtain accurate stone models but further studies are needed.

RELATION BETWEEN POSTS CEMENTATION METHODS AND THE PRESENCE CEMENT BUBBLES
Silva, Luis; Alfaro, Vicente; Cifuentes, Carla; Germain, Fernando*; Navarro, Anibal
Corresponding author: Fernando José Germain Edwards - f_germain86@hotmail.com
Aim: To determine the relation between the application method of a dual curing resin cement (Smartcem2, Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK) into
the root canal and the presence of bubbles in the teeth-post-cement interface.
Materials and methods: 56 premolars were used. These were divided into three groups: group I cementing technique was used for direct application,
the group II was cemented with Lentulus and group III was cemented with intracanal cannulas. Each tooth was cut to obtain three samples of 3 mm,
these samples were analyzed under an Olympus SZ-51 magnifier to see the area of bubbles in the cement-tooth interface-post
Results: Group I had an average bubble area 0.489 mm2 in group II the average was 0.084 mm2 finally bubbles to the group III the mean values
were 0.067 mm2 these results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test.
Conclusion: Group I, (direct application) of cement was the one with the largest area of bubbles, then group II (lentulo technique) and finally group
II (intracanal cannulas). These results were statistically significant.
POSSIBILITY OF ELIMINATING ANTERIOR CLASPS OF REMOVABLE DENTURES IMPROVING AESTHETICS.
González Constanza *; Ocaranza Danilo; Torrealba Marcela
Corresponding author: Constanza González Gálvez - constanza.gonzalez@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study was to determinate how much retention is lost when anterior clasp are removed in order to improve aesthetics without
compromise retention. In order to achieve this, guiding surfaces must be parallel and a Class III modification 1 is required to ensure retention.
Materials and methods: Seven frameworks were made using different kinds of Class III modification 1, Kennedy’s Classification. Guiding surfaces
were prepared with a perfect parallelism. We perform traction tests, both unilateral and bilateral traction, first with all clasps in position and then without
anterior clasps, force required to remove frameworks were recorded ten times each.
Results: Although there were a lost of retention, all samples remain in place even with 8 N. Authors reports 4,7 N as the minimal force to remove
dentures. When guiding surfaces have at least 5mm of length, retention increases significantly.
Conclusion: Removing anterior clasp does improve aesthetics in removable partial dentures without a significant loses of retention. When guiding
surfaces are parallel and have a suitable length, retention increases singnificantly.

ORAL HEALTH STATUS OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES WEARERS
CARRERA CAROLA *; HURTADO RODRIGO; SCHLOSSER ANDRÉS; GIACAMAN RODRIGO
Corresponding author: Carola Carrera Vidal - ccarrera@utalca.cl
Aim: Although it is widely used, the effect of removable partial dentures (RPD) on the remaining oral structures remains elusive. The objective of
this study, therefore, was to compare some oral health indicators between partial denture wearers (PDW) and non-wearers (NW).
Materials and methods: 65 clinical records of patients treated at the dental clinics of the University of Talca, Chile, were revised. Information related
to sex, age, Gingival Index (GI), Hygiene Index (HI), Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR), number of decay and missing teeth was extracted
and registered on a specially designed file. 35 patients were RPD wearers, while 30 were non-wearers. Differences between the groups were analyzed
by the student’s t test.
Results: GI and PSR showed exactly the same value for the two groups, 1.68 and 2, respectively. Although partial denture wearers showed higher
HI (15.27) than non-wearers (11.21) and caries prevalence in the remaining teeth (24.2%) was higher than NW (31.9%), both indexes failed to disclose
statistical differences (p=0.2584) and (p=0.166431), respectively. Wearers had significantly more missing teeth (16.2) than non-wearers (12.0)
(p=0.014)
Conclusion: Although RPD wearers possessed more missing teeth than non-wearers, the use of RPD seems unrelated to poorer oral health
indicators compared to a group of patients of similar characteristics.

ANALYSIS OF GERBER´S SECOND POSTULATE IN YOUNG ADULTS
GARCÍA PAULA.*; GAETE MARCELO. ; CÁCERES MARCIA. ; VALDIVIA JOSÉ.
Corresponding author: Paula García Swaneck - gaetebaldi@hotmail.com
Aim: Analize the validity of Gerber´s second postulate in a group of young adults to be later used in the selection of artificial teeth.
Materials and methods: 50 students from
“Universidad Andrés Bello”, 25 men and 25 women underwent two measurements, one corresponded to the width of the nasal base and the other
to the width of each of the four upper incisors individually to obtain the total width of the incisor group.
Results: The average of the nasal base width was 34.55 mm (36.34 mm for men and 32.76 mm in women), with statistically significant differences
between each gender. In relation to the width of the four incisors the average value was 33.35 mm (33.75 mm for men and 32.94 mm for women),
with no statistically significant differences between genders. Analyzing the width difference between the nasal base and the 4 incisors, an acceptable
difference of 0-2 mm was accepted, establishing that the difference of this two measures in the total group and in women´s group was not statistically
significant. But in men, the difference was 2.59 mm, this difference of 0.59 mm was considered clinically insignificant.
Conclusion: There is a reasonable similarity between the nasal base width and the the four upper incisors width, accepting a variation of 0-2 mm.
Therefore, Gerber’s second postulate is a valid tool for selecting artificial teeth.
HEIGHT–RETENTION RELATION IN THE PREPARATION DESIGN OF A FULL CROWN
GOSEN S. ; SAIEH D.* ; VALDIVIA J.
Corresponding author: Sue Gosen Mondaca - suelauren@gmail.com
Aim: To compare the traction resistance of metallic full crowns cemented in preparation designs of 4, 5 and 6mm of height.
Materials and methods: 10 identical artificial full metallic crown preparations were made of a premolar of 6mm of height. In the same premolar,
height was decreased to 5 and 4mm, and following the same process, 10 artificial preparations were made for each height. The metallic cores for
each height were subdivided in 3 groups: group 1= 6mm, group 2= 5mm and group 3= 4mm. For all the groups the same luting cement was used:
Glass ionomer cement (Ketac Cem). Retention was evaluated by measuring the tensile force required to dislodge the crowns from the tooth preparations
in a universal testing machine: Instron IX Series, v5.2. Results were analyzed with ANOVA ONE WAY analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p≤0,05).
Results: For group 1 (6mm of height) the average tensile force required to dislodge the metallic core was 20,59KgF with 9,86KgF of standard
deviation. For group 2 (5mm of height) the average tensile force required to dislodge the crowns was 12,14KgF with 6,79KgF of standard deviation.
For group 3 (4mm of height) the average tensile force required to dislodge the crowns was 10,49KgF with 4,97KgF of standard deviation. There are
only significant differences in the tensile force required to dislodge the crowns from the tooth preparations between groups 1 and 3 (6mm and 4mm
of height ). However, there is a tendency that as higher the preparation design is, the more retention it has.
Conclusion: The preparation design height is proportionally related to the tensile force levels required to dislodge the metallic core.

QUALITY OF LIFE IN METAL REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES
Merino, Francisco*; Pino, MªVictoria; Rivera, Alejandra
Corresponding author: Francisco Merino Becerra - friegate@gmail.com
Aim: To determinate the oral health-related quality of life (OHQOL) granted by the metal removable partial dentures (MRPD) in partially edentulous
patients treated at the Faculty of Dentistry’s Universidad de Valparaíso.
Materials and methods: This descriptive study assessed the patients rehabilitated with metal removable partial denture, upper and/or lower, released
between the years 2006 to 2009, without further modification of the prosthesis (currently used and with an adequate technical quality), and with mental
health status and cognitive ability appropriates.
It were applied a clinical examination and the OHIP-49 Sp questionnaire, with 5 likert responses (OHQOL test valid for Chile), taking into account
it’s categories (functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicaps).
A lower score means a better OHQOL in relation to the rehabilitation.
Results: Resulting in a sample of 102 MRPDs with scores from 50 and 209, and an overall average of 99.9 points. The 48 upper MRPDs averaged
97.9 points of OHQOL, and the 54 lower MRPDs, 101.7 points. The average values of OHQOL by category are detailed in the following table:
OHIP-49 Sp CATEGORY SCORE RANGE AVERAGE SCORE
Functional limitation 9 a 45 21,9

Physical pain 9 a 45 21,3
Psychological discomfort 5 a 25 12,6
Physical disability 9 a 45 17,3
Psychological disability 6 a 30 11,9
Social disability 5 a 25 6,6
Handicaps 6 a 30 8,5
Conclusion: The OHQOL’s level perceived by the patient regarding their MRPD’s rehabilitation is relatively good, being slightly higher in the maxillary
apparatus’s case.
Each OHQOL’s dimension showed relatively good values, being the worst evaluated psychological discomfort, and the better, social disability.
USE OF CONE BEAM TO OBSERVATION TYPE OF MANDIBULAR CANAL
Vizcay, Natalia *; Díaz, Ricardo; Carrasco, Karen
Corresponding author: Natalia Beatriz Vizcay Barreda - natita.vizcay@gmail.com
Aim: Clarify possible statistical differences between men and women with regard to the type of mandibular canal (single, bifid, trifid) by monitoring
images using Cone Beam of 125 patients.
Materials and methods: Two calibrated examiners (kappa> 0.75) observed Cone Beam 125 patients in a radiology center, chosen randomly. Through
the EPIINFO 6.0 software, the sample data were applied the Wilcoxon nonparametric statistical test. Differences were considered had significantly
at p <0.05
Results: Mandibular canals were observed only in 50% of men and 70% of women showing a statistically significant difference (p = 0.03)
On the bifid mandibular canal variable there was no statistical difference in rates between men and women. The statistical differences for each type
of bifid mandibular canal were retromolar (p = 0.51), dental (p = 0, 08), forward canal with confluence (p=0.23), forward canal without confluence (p
= 0.82), lingual / buccal ( p=0.81).
The presence of trifid mandbular leads no significant differences between men and women (p = 0.79)
Conclusion: This study found statistically significant differences between men and women in the presence of single mandibular canal, introducing
a higher percentage female cases than male. There were no statistical differences between men and women in the presence of bifid or trifid mandibular
canal. Although no statistical difference in anatomical variations of the mandibular canal, there is a representative percentage of bifid mandibular
canal in men compared to women, therefore it is necessary to take special care to surgery and anesthetic events involving the mandible, especially
in males. With the Cone Beam monitoring and configuration of mandibular way possible.
Abstract Nº 64 - Pulp Biology & Regeneration Research

MORPHOLOGY OF THE MESIOBUCCAL ROOT CANAL OF MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR
Gajardo, Jaime; Monardes, Hector; Cruzat, Claudia*
Corresponding author: Claudia Cruzat Villar - ccruzat@utalca.cl
Aim: Given the wide anatomical variation of the mesiobuccal root canal of maxillary first molars, the aim of this study was to determine the number
and topography of this canal using Masson Trichrome dye, which allows detection of pulp tissue.
Materials and methods: 18 first molars were demineralized and stained with Masson trichrome dye. Roots were cut into three portions and the
number and topography of the canals were visualized by light microscopy.
Results: When the number of canals in each third was analyzed, 44.4% of the roots showed a single canal from cervical to apical. The remaining
55.6% had more than one canal at least in one of the thirds, as described by each third: Cervical: 1: 61.1%, 2: 33.3%, 3: 5.6%. Middle: 1: 88.9%, 2:
11.1%. Apical: 1: 72.2%, 2: 16.7% and apical deltas: 11.1%. Topography of root canals observed was as it follows (Vertucci): Type I: 44.4%, Type II:
22.2%, Type V: 11.1%, Type VI: 5.6%. Within the sample, type III and IV were not found. Additionally, other topographies were also observed: 1-2-
apical deltas: 5.6%, 2-1-apical deltas: 5.6% and 3-1: 5.6%.
Conclusion: Masson trichrome dye was capable to distinguish the root pulp tissue of the isthmus, which allowed differentiate one single from multiple
canals within the root. Using dyes able to detect pulp tissue between the canals may explain the lower rate of a second canal, when compared to
previous reports. Further studies are suggested to determine whether dye type influences detection of root canal.

MESIOBUCCAL ROOT OF MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR
Manriquez, Carla; Monardes, Hector; Vera, Arlette*
Corresponding author: Arlette Vera Bustos - averab@utalca.cl
Aim: Mesiobuccal root canals of maxillary first molars represent a challenge to the success of endodontic treatment. It has been reported that about
90% of the mesiobuccal root canals have two canals. Knowing the number and topography of the canals allows anticipate potential clinical pitfalls.
The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the occurrence and characteristic of the canals of the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars.
Materials and methods: 15 first upper molars with indication of extraction were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E). Each root was sectioned
into three portions: cervical, middle, and apical. The number and characteristic of the canals were visualized with optical microscopy. The canals
were classified in one of five categories, according to Vertucci’s criteria.
Results: The number of canals detected in each portion of the root were as follows: Cervical: one 60%, two 33.3% , three 6.7%. Medium: one 80%,
two 20%. Apical: one 80 %, two 20%. The topography of the canals observed was as described: Type I: 40%, Type II: 26.7%, Type III: 6.7%, Type
IV: 6.7%, Type V: 13.3%. Additionally, one root showed a topography not described in the classification (3-1: 6.7%).
Conclusion: The variation of number and topography of the root canals observed in this study, underlines the importance of this topic. Two separate
canals were identified only in 6.7% of the roots. The sample used in the present investigation showed 35% of the roots with two canals, which is
lower than that reported elsewhere. Not all the canals originated from the cervical portion. Further studies with larger samples are desirable to be
able to determine the distribution of the canals at a population level.
DENTAL SUBLUXATION: ¿A MINIMAL TRAUMA?
Contreras Ruby *, Maggiolo Silvana, Dreyer Erik
Corresponding author: Ruby Contreras Saronic - conruby@hotmail.com
Affiliation: Clinica particular, otras no específicadas
Aim: Traditionally dental subluxation have been considered a reversible situation in which teeth frequently return to normal and demands only basic
control for a year. The aim of this research protocol was to evaluate if this statement is necessarily true
Materials and methods: In 15 month since February 2009 to May 2010, five adolescents consulted for dental trauma at the Emergency Maxilo
Facial Service of Santiago’s Clinica Alemana. The diagnosis was subluxation and they were referred for evaluation and treatment to the Endodontic
Service of the same institution. Four males and one female aged between 11 and 20 years old (average 15.4); four of them presented sports related
dental trauma and one a domestic one. The specialist performed a clinical and radiographic evaluation to confirm diagnosis. Also sensitivity tests
using ethyl chloride and heated gutta-percha rods, percussion and apical palpation were done along with clinical recognition of the crown color. All
teeth had complete apical formation. Data was recorded and patients were recalled according to the recommendations of the International Association
of Dental Traumatology protocols (IADT): two, four, six, eight weeks and a year later.
Results: All cases finished in pulp necrosis and discoloration and opacity of the crown and negative response to the sensitivity tests. Therefore in
all cases was necessary canal therapy. Four patients were treated in two visits, the first using Ca (OH) 2 and the second was finished with lateral
condensation technique. Two cases were treated in one visit. All teeth were bleaching with sodium perborate. Results were satisfactory and gave
back health and esthetic to patients.
Conclusion: In our experience, all subluxations evaluated after dental trauma needed endodontic treatment and therefore the trauma was not
minimal. According to the evidence one reason to explain the lack of pulp response may be due to root with closed apex.

OXIDATIVE STATUS AND MMPS -2 AND -9 IN APICAL LESIONS.
Verónica Mundi*; Sonia Madrid; Magdalena Infante; Andrea Dezerega; María Antonieta Valenzuela; Marcela Hernández
Corresponding author: Verónica Mundi Burgos - veromundi@gmail.com
Aim: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2 and -9 activates themselves through proteolytic cascades participating in degradation of type I collagen,
a key event during bone resorptive process that characterizes asymptomatic apical periodontitis (aAP). Our aim was to determine levels and association
of total oxidant status (TOS) and MMPs -2 and -9 in apical lesions and in healthy periodontal ligament.
Materials and methods: 15 patients with aAP and 17 healthy subjects having indication of tooth extraction were included. Apical lesions and healthy
periodontal ligament tissues were obtained and processed respectively. TOS levels were assayed by the method described by Erel (2005) and MMPs
-2 and -9, by gelatin zymography and densitometric scanning. Results were expressed per miligrams of tissue and analyzed with STATA v.10 software,
using t test, Mann Whitney and Spearman correlation.
Results: TOS levels and MMPs -2 and -9 levels and activity were significantly higher in apical lesions v/s controls. In apical lesions, a positive
correlation was found between TOS levels and MMP-9 activity (r=0.60; p=0.02), whereas between MMP-9 active and proforms correlated with MMP-
2 activity (r=0.80; p<0.001 and r=0.70, p<0.001) in all studied samples.
Conclusion: Apical lesions display an increase in total oxidant status and levels and activity of MMPs -2 and -9. Progression of aAP might be
associated with the activation of MMP-9/-2 proteolytic cascade induced by the release of reactive oxygen species.

ENVEJECIMIENTO EN ODONTOBLASTOS HUMANOS
Couve E*; Schmachtenberg
Corresponding author: Eduardo Couve Montané - eduardo.couve@uv.cl

Aim: Human odontoblasts are long-lived cells that maintain dentinogenic activity throughout the life of a healthy tooth. The postmitotic condition of
odontoblasts requires autophagic mechanisms to maintain turnover and degradation of subcellular components. It has been demonstrated that cellular
aging affects mainly postmitotic cells, and is characterized by a reduction in the degradative capacity of the autophagic-lysosomal system and
progressive accumulation of waste within lysosomes. In the present work we compared age-related changes of the autophagic-lysosomal system
and the accumulation of residual products in human odontoblasts in three age groups: Young (10-15 years old), young-adult (25-40 years old) and
adult (45-60 years old).
Materials and methods: Twenty-eight healthy teeth were fixed and demineralized. Samples of the dentin-pulp complex from equivalent coronal pulp
regions were studied by histochemical and immunohistochemical approaches using lysosomal markers for light and transmission electron microscopy.
Results: Changes in the odontoblast palisade was characterized in adult patients by a significant reduction of cell body size and cell number.
Odontoblast lysosomal activity was severely reduced as a function of tooth age, evidencing a progressive accumulation of residual waste like lipofuscin.
Conclusion: Aging in human odontoblasts is a progressive process characterized by a reduction in lysosomal capacity and lipfuscin accumulation.
Once these changes compromise cell viability and secretory capacity, this condition is described as an old odontoblast stage. FONDECYT 1090343
IMPLANTATION OF TOOTH GERM IN THE TESTIS OF MICES OF MICE ICR/JCL
Vega R* , Zamorano S , Devia M , Diaz A , Valdivia R , Katoh M.
Corresponding author: Roberto Vega Lopez - robe@live.cl
Aim: To establish an animal model in mice (Mus musculus, Murinidae) for his study of the behavior of the tooth germ as an implant in the testis.
Materials and methods: 60 mice were used immunosuppressed ICR / JCL three weeks. Tooth germ was extracted from the embryonic stage 14.5
and maintained in D-MEM for 5 minutes and then implanted with a collagen matrix in the left testis of mice (n = 30). The same procedure was
performed in the left testicle, but with the introduction of collagen alone as a control group (n = 30). Subsequently for 40 days I hope the development
of the implant to assess growth in photo reconnaissance, and the formation of mineralized structure.
Results: You may notice the formation of mineralized structure, with growth of the implant without rejection. It is also found little effect (n = 4) of
abnormalities in the growth of the testis.
Conclusion: The testis is an alternative model of growth implant without rejection, post-operative process faster, less than a day for healing.

MODELO MURINO DE ESTUDIO MESOSCÓPICO DE AVULSIÓN DENTARIA
Díaz, Angélica*; Zamorano, Sebastián; Devia, Matías; Vega, Roberto; Valdivia, Ruby; Katoh, Motoe.
Corresponding author: Angélica Diaz Valdivia - angelicadiazvaldivia@gmail.com
Aim: To evaluate dental reimplantation mesoscopically in the area of upper left first molar (M1) of a mouse (Mus musculus) ICR / JCL for five weeks.
Materials and methods: All experiments were performed according to Institutional Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and with
the approval of the respective procedures of surgery, anesthesia and post operative by the Protocol Review Committee for Animal Experimentation
in force in the time of the experiment.
30 mice ICR/jcl were used of 21 days in total, which was performed the extraction of M1 with forceps modified. The extracted molar was left in contact
with the medium, then placed in a solution D-MEM and was reintroduced in the socket cleaned with saline. A periodic study for five weeks every
four days, where he established the frequency of loss of tooth reimplanted.
Results: At the end of the study period 80% of the mice, kept under mesoscopic study, have the replanted tooth, periodontal tissue shows a progressive
decrease of findings of inflammation. Established the critical period of loss of teeth reimplanted between 8 and 20. About 41% of the total sample
that keeps the replanted tooth, with a change in the color of M1.
Conclusion: The percentage of loss is one fifth of the total sample, therefore, suggested alternative methods that help optimize considering the
technical procedures used in clinical dental reimplantation.

DISSOLUTION OF PORCINE MUSCLE WITH NAOCL AND IN COMBINATION WITH H2O2
Acuña, Carla *; Echeverri, Diego
Corresponding author: Carla Acuña Höger - carlita.ah@gmail.com
Aim: The objective of this in vitro investigation is to evaluate the dissolution of porcine muscle using sodium hypochlorite in several concentrations
and in combination with 3% hydrogen peroxide.
Materials and methods: Small pieces of porcine muscle were cut and its weight adjusted at 0.02g to be submerged in 1 ml of each test solution
which was changed in 1 minute intervals until complete dissolution of the sample was observed. The 75 pieces of tissue were divided in 5 groups
of 15 each and different solutions were used as follows: group 1, 5% sodium hypochlorite. Group 2, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Group 3, 2.5% sodium
hypochlorite and 3% hydrogen peroxide alternately. Group 4, 3% hydrogen peroxide, and group 5 used saline as a negative control.
Results: For 5% sodium hypochlorite the mean time until complete dissolution of the sample was 17.5 minutes. The mean time for group 2 was 18.5,
for group 3 was 64.6 minutes and for groups 5 and 6 there was no tissue dissolution after 120 minutes. To evaluate statistical significance ANOVA
multisample test was performed and Tukey with significance level at P=0.05.
Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study there were no significant differences with the use of sodium hypochlorite at 5 and 2.5% (P=0.6). The
combination of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide caused a statistical significant delay in the dissolution of necrotic tissue (P<0.05). The
combination of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide doesn’t offer any benefit in terms of speed of dissolution of necrotic connective tissue.
Abstract Nº 73 - Mineralized Tissue
PURIFICATION OF COLLAGEN-I IN MURINE ICR/JCL TAIL TENDON TISSUE.
Monasterio Gustavo*; Vega Roberto; Devia Matías; Zamorano Sebastian; Valdivia Ruby; Katoh Motoe
Corresponding author: Gustavo Monasterio Ocares - gmonasterio@ug.uchile.cl
Aim: Adapting a method of purification of type I collagen by N. Rajan, for ICR / JCL Mouse, as an alternative to collagen matrix production in future
research.
Materials and methods: We obtained 40 tails of mice ICR / JCL used under the principles of the 3Rs and frozen at -80 ° C until next use. Then he
drew from them the tendon tissue which was collected in PBS (-), then acetone, then introduced into a solution of 70% isopropanol. Was dissolved
in 0.02 N acetic acid for two days, was frozen at -20 ° C and lyophilized. The resulting collagen was dialyzed for 2 weeks with a change of solution
0.02 N acetic acid every two days. To test the sterility of the collagen gel, was incubated for one week at 37 ° C and 5% CO2.
Results: Collagen gel was obtained free of pathogens, fulfilling the degrees of polymerization given to the concentration initially extracted.
Conclusion: The results support the production of collagen gel method, meeting parameters of polymerization and sterility for its use in the creation
of biomatrices, however, in-vivo studies are required to prove its effectiveness in the development of regenerating tissue biomatrices.

TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT WITH HIDROXIAPATITE IN ICR/JCL MOUSE.
Cáceres M*; Fariña V; Barrón I; Jara K.; Kato M.; Reyes M.
Corresponding author: Marysela Cáceres Saavedra - marysela.caceres@gmail.com
Aim: Evaluate the formation of structures in vivo from periodontal ligament with and without hydroxyapatite in parotid area of immunocompetent
mouse.
Materials and methods: Periodontal ligament was removed from 10 human teeth, transplants were performed in two experimental groups and a
control group, immunocompetent mice ICR /jcl of 21 grams were used for the graft in parotid area according to the method devised by the authors.
In the experimental group 1 (GE1) PDL was transplanted with hydroxyapatite in a collagen matrix (n = 6) and experimental group 2 (GE2) PDL
was transplanted in collagen matrix (n = 6). To control, 6 adult mice ICR /jcl were used in which hydroxyapatite with collagen matrix were placed.
The grafts were analyzed on 15 and 30 days with routine histology and measurement of hardness to the impingement.
Results: After 30 days 100% of the control group and GE1 the graft was remain, meanwhile 83.3% of theG2 remained the graft. Histological analysis
showed that GE1 and GE2 generated mineralized structures, while in the control group was observed epithelial and connective tissue without
mineralization.
Conclusion: Mineralized structures can be generated from human periodontal ligament mixed with hydroxyapatite in mouse parotid area.

TOOTH GERM IMPLANT IN MOUSE PAROTID REGION
Barrón, Ignacio*; Jara, Karina; Reyes, Montserrat; Kato, Motoe
Corresponding author: Ignacio Barrón Oyarce - ibarron@ug.uchile.cl
Aim: Generate dental mineralized tissues (like enamel and like dentin) from mouse tooth germs, by applying the new method of culture in vivo in
the parotid area.
Materials and methods: 56 ICR/jcl mouse tooth germs in stage of cup (GD) were used as graft. 56 ICR/jcl adult mice were used as receptors, forming
two equal groups according to graft: G1 (n = 28) (GD collagen), G2 (n = 28) (GD no collagen). The graft was placed in parotid area by method devised
by the authors. We reviewed 15 and 60 days with clinical photographs and histological sections with routine stained. At 60 days we used X-ray
diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: After 60 days G1 graft remained in 89% of the cases, while G2 remained in 82% (p> 0.5). The 100% of the grafts showed impingement
hardness in both groups. Histological analysis showed that experimental and control formed mineralized structures like dental. Both groups showed
comparable results in XRD hydroxyapatite. SEM showed structures similar to dental enamel and dentinal tubules.
Conclusion: It is possible to generate mineralized structures like tooth tissues in parotid region from mouse tooth germ.
BONE FORMATION IN PAROTID AREA FROM MURINE PULP
Jara Karina*; Barrón Ignacio; Reyes Montserrat; Katoh Motoe
Corresponding author: Karina Valeria Jara Stapfer - karinajst@gmail.com
Aim: Evaluate the formation of tissue like bone from mouse pulp by the application of a new method of culture in vivo in the parotid area.
Materials and methods: We used 60 male ICR / jcl mice for pulp extraction of unerupted maxillary first molars (PD). 60 ICR / jcl adult (30gr) mice
were used as receptors, dividing into two equal groups according to graft: EXPERIMENTAL (PD collagen) and CONTROL (PD without collagen).
The surgical procedure for placement of the graft was performed according to the methods developed by the authors. The specimens were reviewed
at 15 and 60 days with clinical photographs, histologic sections (HE, Masson trichrome and TRAP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: The two groups retained 100% vascularized graft at 60 days. Hardness impingement was observed in both groups after 15 days. Histological
analysis showed that both, the experimental group and control group were similar to formation of bone tissue after 15 days. SEM showed characteristics
of bone structures.
Conclusion: Using dental pulp allotransplantation in the parotid area is possible to generate structures like bone tissue.
Abstract Nº 77 - Oral Medicine & Pathology

CHRONIC STRESS IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Rivera, C*; Droguett, D; Donoso, W; Kemmerling, U; Venegas, B
Corresponding author: César Andrés Rivera Martínez - contacto@cesarrivera.cl
Aim: To determine the effect of chronic stress on the incidence and severity of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) induced OSCC tongue lesions in
CF-1 mice.
Materials and methods: All experimental protocols were approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Universidad de Talca. 120 CF-1 male mice
were divided into four groups: A) (n= 50), received two treatments: 1) Application of chronic stress by movement restriction for two hours daily on
three non-consecutive cycles of 5 weeks, 2) Chemical induction of carcinogenesis, applying a propylene/4-NQO solution in drinking water for a period
of 16 weeks. B) (n= 50), received chemical induction of carcinogenesis, without stress. C) (n= 10) received only the stress treatment. D) (n= 10)
without any treatment. After 28 weeks, euthanasia, dissection and tongue necropsy was performed. Incidence was analyzed by conventional
hematoxylin-eosin study. Severity was determined by means of studying the differentiation degree applying the International Histological Classification
of Tumors, and Bryne’s multifactorial grading system for the invasive tumor front (ITF). Plasma corticosterone levels were determined after movement
restriction procedures. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test statistical methods were used.
Results: Statistical significance was found in plasma corticosterone levels after the first movement restriction cycle (p= <0,05 Mann-Whitney U-test).
Histopathologic study showed that incidence of invasive carcinoma was 76% for groups A and B (p= 0,99 Chi-square). There was no difference in
severity as measured by differentiation degree and by Bryne’s multifactorial grading system for ITF (p= >0,05 Mann-Whitney U-test).
Conclusion: Movement restriction induced chronic stress modifies plasma corticosterone levels, but does not increase incidence and severity of
4-NQO induced OSCC in the tongue of CF-1 mice.

PREVALENCE OF MESIODENS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS FROM VALDIVIA.
Riquelme, Pedro*
Corresponding author: Pedro Riquelme Cuevas - pedroriquelmec@gmail.com
Aim: The objective of this research is to determine the prevalence of mesiodens as radiographic finding in patients aged 3-12 years, who suffers
from dentoalveolar trauma, treated at Hospital Base in Valdivia between the years 1994 – 2009, describing variables such as sex, age and mesiodens
characteristics.
Materials and methods: Medical records of 3264 patients, who attended the Hospital Base de Valdivia between 1994 and 2009, were reviewed.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to determine the eligible sample, which was composed by 2.042 medical records presenting anterior
periapical or occlusal radiography. This amount of medical records forms the sample, since it is possible to have access to all of the rest of the records
from it. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, number of mesiodens, orientation, type of dentition in which it was located, state of eruption, root
shape and condition. The information was analysed with the computer program Epi Data.
Results: Mesiodens prevalence was 3.1%. From the total, 79.9% of the patients were men. The most frequent age was 8 years. 90.6% of the sample
had only one mesiodens, most of them in an inverted position (50%), 60.9% had a conic from and 84.4% was not erupted. Most of the mesiodens
had no root (32.8%).
Conclusion: Mesiodens prevalence was 3.1%. This value is within prevalence ranges from other studies. The results of the variables are consistent
with other studies, excepting gender, which is explained by the high prevalence of men suffering dentoalveolar trauma.
FRECUENCY OF ORAL CANCER AND POTENCIALLY MALIGNANT LESIONS, IREPO, 1990-2009
Hernández, Marcela; Adorno, Daniela; Martínez, Carolina*
Corresponding author: Carolina Andrea Martínez Locci - carola_xw@yahoo.es
Aim: To determinate the frecuency of epithelial hyperplastic lesions, potencially malignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa
from the Oral Pathology Institute of Reference (IREPO), between 1990 and 2009.
Materials and methods: This is a descriptive study that includes data from IREPO between 1990 and 2009. Cases were selected according to their
histopathological diagnosis, this is epithelial hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma. Cases
of hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and dysplasia associated to immunological and reactional lesions were excluded. Data was analized with the software
Stata V10.
Results: 399 cases met the selection criteria, most of them turned out to be squamous cell carcinoma (37,1%), followed by hyperkeratosis (30,3%)
and epithelial dysplasia (18,3%); despite all the epithelial hyperplastic lesions represented a 43,9%. Squamous cell carcinoma was more prevalent
in men over 60 years of age. Most of the potencially malignant lesiones were presented clinically as leuukoplakia and the malignant lesions as ulcers.
Conclusion: Men over 60 years of age are the highest risk group for oral cancer, wich is identified at the first diagnosis as cancer or ulcer. Early
diagnosis is deficient since most of these lesions are diagnosed when squamous cell carcinoma became invasive. Leukoplakia diagnosis is mostly
associated with
hyperplastic lesions and potencially malignant lesions, therefore biopsy of these lesions is mandatory in order to improve early diagnosis in a significant
way.

ULTRA-STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES OF ENAMEL IN A FAMILY WITH AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA.
Plaza, Anita*; Ortega, Ana; Rojas, Sandra; Morales, Irene; Rojas, Gonzalo; Lozano, Carla; Tobar, Claudia; Araos, Gonzalo; Saavedra, Pablo; Urzúa,
Blanca
Corresponding author: Anita Plaza Flores - brurzua@gmail.com
Aim: To compare the ultra-structure of deciduous tooth enamel affected with Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta (HAI), in a family with a possible
pattern of sex-linked inheritance, with the ultrastructure of healthy deciduous tooth enamel.
Materials and methods: Clinical and radiographic examination of a family with an altered type hypoplastic enamel was carried out, after signing
the informed consent/assent. With the information collected a pedigree was built and deciduous teeth were received from the proband’s affected
sister. One of these teeth was processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared with healthy deciduous tooth enamel.
Results: The clinical and radiographic examination showed that this family had irregular enamel surface, thin and opaque white color, with variable
expression of clinical phenotype in the family. The pedigree was compatible with a pattern of sex-linked inheritance. The SEM revealed an enamel
that had a lack of prism structure and morphologically normal dentin. With the analyzed data a presumptive diagnosis of generalized hypoplastic
Amelogenesis Imperfecta, X-linked, was obtained.
Conclusion: The enamel affected with Hypoplastic AI showed loss of prismatic structure visualized by SEM, coinciding with similar cases reported
in the literature.
This work was financed by Projects FIOUCh 09-1 and FIOUCh 09-11.

INTERLEUKIN-21 IN APICAL PERIODONTITIS: CORRELATION WITH SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF INVOLVED TEETH
Rivera C*; Vernal R; Gamonal J; Maggiolo S; Palma AM; Dezerega A.
Corresponding author: Carolina Rivera Volosky - carolina.rivera.v@gmail.com
Aim: To determine IL-21 molecular forms and levels in AL and AP, and to associate IL-21 presence with clinical symptoms
Materials and methods: 13 asymptomatic and 9 symptomatic AP patients were selected and periapical exudates samples were obtained. Additionally,
14 AP patients were selected and apical lesions (AL) biopsies were obtained during tooth extraction procedures, as well as healthy periodontal
ligament (PDL) (n=14). IL-21 molecular forms were determine through Western blot, and analyzed by densitometry. IL-21 levels were determined
through ELISA. Sadistic analysis was performed using Prisma 5.0 Software
Results: IL-21 was observed as 15.5 kDa bands. Higher IL-21 levels were found in AL than in PDL, as well as in symptomatic than in asymptomatic
AP (p<0.05)
Conclusion: IL-21 may have a role in the pathogenesis of AL and AP, and could play a role in the presence of clinical symptoms Supported by
FONDECYT 1090461 - 1090046
PRESENCE OF CANDIDA IN ORAL LEUKOPLAKIAS WITH EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA
Lorena Ponce A.*; Emmanuel Morelli B.; Angélica Michea; Cristian Peñafiel E.; Enrico Escobar L. ; Gina Pennacchiotti V.
Corresponding author: Lorena Ponce Aedo - lorenaponceaedo@gmail.com
Aim: Candida is the yeast most frequently isolated in the human specie, both as a commensal and as an opportunistic pathogen. The Candidosis
is the most common fungal infection in the oral cavity and is usually associated with systemic and local factors. Oral leukoplakia is considered by
WHO as precancerous, being the most frequent lesion in buccal mucosa. It has been studied the presence of epithelial dysplasia as a predictor
prognosis of malignant transformation. To determine the presence of Candida in oral leukoplakia with different degree of severity of epithelial dysplasia
of samples taken from the Institute of reference of oral pathology (IREPO).
Materials and methods: 16 oral leukoplakias with histopathological diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia were selected from the IREPO between the
years 1984-2003 biopsies. The samples were processed for hematoxilina-eosina and reevaluated the degree of severity of epithelial dysplasia
according to criteria of Smith & Pindborg (1969) and WHO (2005). The presence of Candida was determined across epithelial surface to an increase
of 400x to conventional optical microscopy (Olympus CX21) by an oral anatomopathologyc. Variables such as age, sex of the patient and anatomic
location of the lesion were also assessed.
Results: The positive presence of hyphae of Candida in 4 samples of oral leucoplasias associated with different degrees of severity of epithelial
dysplasia was determined.
Conclusion: Various studies have shown the presence of infection by candida in oral mucosa, specially leukoplakias and squamous cell carcinomas.
Although data shown on this study is not able to establish a causal relationship between the presence of Candida and the degree of severity of
epithelial Dysplasia in oral leukoplakias, it is possible to determine the presence of these microorganisms in these lesions.

PREVALENCE OF HPV GENOTYPE-16 IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Morelli E. *; Ponce L.; Pennacchiotti G.; Escobar E.; Saez R. ; De la Vega M.
Corresponding author: Emmanuel Morelli Becerra - emmanuelgmb@hotmail.com
Aim: Literature shows an increase in the incidence of Squamous Cell Ccarcinoma of oral cavity, especially in younger patients without classical risk
factors, and points out that the HPV- 16 is a factor of risk and independent oropharynx cancer prognosis.
OBJECTIVE. Getting to know the prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 16 genotype in patients with a diagnosis of OSCC at the National
Cancer Institute (INC).
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria were patients over 18 years old, with histological diagnosis of OSCC, who had not
received any prior cancer treatment and had normal mental and physical conditions. All patients (n=10) signed informed consent previously approved
by the Committee of Ethics of the area. Samples consisted of fresh biopsies and exfoliative cytology of lesions with clinical and histopathologyc
diagnosis of OSCC. They were processed in the program of Virology, both for generic HPV PCR, and PCR in real time for HPV-16.
Results: Preliminary results show none out of 10 patients analysed, presented of HPV-16 in tumour samples. However, 2 samples were positive
for generic HPV. One of these two was HPV-56.
Conclusion: Preliminary results of this study suggest that in the studied population, the HPV-16 would not have a high prevalence in the OSCC.
The two cases for generic HPV positivity suggest that there are other genotypes that may be involved in the genesis of carcinoma, as it is also
necessary to introduce the use of new techniques and methods of detection of the various HPV genotypes. The sampling on exfoliative cytology
would be a good instrument applicable to replace a biopsy for such cases.

ODONTOGENIC TUMORS IN VALDIVIA: PREVALENCE FROM 1989 TO 2008.
Thiers Carla*; Segura Cristina; Sotomayor Cristina
Corresponding author: Carla Thiers Leal - carlathiers@gmail.com
Aim: This cross-sectional study aimns to determine the prevalence of primary

odontogenic tumors in population attending Hospital Regional Valdivia (HRV) from 1989 to 2008, based on the WHO’s new classification of tumors
(2005) in order to contribute with the national statistical data and to be compared with prevalences from other countries worldwide.
Materials and methods: 2078 biopsy reports from oral cavity lesions diagnosed at the Histopathology Unit, HRV, between January 1989 and
December 2008, were reviewed. The histopathology confirmation in the biopsy report was the considered inclusion criterion. The analyzed variables
included age, gender, histological diagnosis, tumor type and tumor location. The collected data were tabulated in PASW STATISTIC 18
database spreadsheet for subsequent analysis.
Results: From the 2078 biopsies from oral cavity, 1,49% (31/2078) correspond to odontogenic tumors. One malignant lesion was found and corresponds
to infiltrating ameloblastic carcinoma. The most frequently found lesion corresponded to odontogenic keratocyst tumors (41.9%), followed by
Ameloblastoma (22.5%), and finally odontoma (16.1%). The patient’s average age was 35.7 years old. The most common location was the mandibular
molar area (54.8%).
Conclusion: Odontogenic tumors presented a relatively low prevalence at HRV between 1989 to 2008. More frequently found in men, but with no
apparent gender predilection. The most prevalent tumor was the odontogenic keratocysts
PREVALENCE OF POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT LESIONS OF THE ORAL MUCOSA
Fernández, Alejandra*; Esguep, Alfredo
Corresponding author: Alejandra Fernandez Moraga - fernandez.alejandra@gmail.com
Aim: Determine the prevalence of potentially malignant lesions in oral mucosa in adults over 30 years old in the V region.
Materials and methods: Prevalence study between June 2008 and August 2009, based on a clinical and pathological study of 197 patients in the
dental service at the University Andrés Bello.
Results: The prevalence rates in V region was 0.5%, with a confidence interval of 95%, between 0.01% and 2,79%.
Conclusion: The observed prevalence of 0.5% of potentially malignant lesions in the Fifth Region, is within the range of 0.4 to 11.7% that reported
in international literature.

MAST CELLS DISTRIBUTION IN PERIAPICAL LESIONS AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE
Peñafiel Cristián *; Escobar Enrico, ; Michea Maria Angélica*; Smith Renato; Smith Patricio, ; Rodríguez Héctor
Corresponding author: Cristián Pablo Peñafiel Ekdhal - cppe63@gmail.com
Aim: Introduction: Mast cells (MC) play an important role in mucosal inflammation, defense host and tissue repair. Among the inflammatory cells
MC are the minority of the inflammatory infiltrate in granulomatous periapical lesions and it is possible that periodontal disease (PD) are in a greater
number and participate in events as destructive as in the defense mechanism. Objectives: To quantify and compare the presence of mast cells from
periapical lesions and periodontal disease in human biopsies.
Materials and methods: For extraction and alveolar curettage biopsies were obtained from patients with clinical diagnosis of periapical granuloma
(n = 18) and biopsies from patients with marginal periodontal lesions (n = 8). Biopsies were fixed in formalin (10%) buffered to pH 7.4 and processed
for histology techniques and obtaining 5 um sections on silanized slides. The demonstration of the presence of mast cells was carried out by properties
of cytoplasmic metachromasia to toluidine blue staining. The quantification is developed considering the number of positive cells (bright red) per area
(0.17 mm2).
Results: Results and The cell density (cells per mm2) increased significantly in the area near active inflammatory lymphocytes and in a state of
degranulation of the content of chemical mediators in chronic periodontitis with respect to periapical lesions (p ≤ 0.05, t “Test), so its etiopathology
and progress could be different.
Conclusion: However, this condition occurs with a coefficient of variation variable and may represent a particular condition of regional inflammatory
state, a balance between inflammatory and reparative processes in periapical lesions and periodontal disease progression.

RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF BENIGN TUMORS EPITHELIAL ODONTOGENIC IREPO
Carrasco, Karen*; Vizcay, N; Cárdenas, C; Ortega, A; Escobar, E
Corresponding author: Karen Carrasco Araos - gada_kay@yahoo.es
Aim: To determine the relative frequency and age distribution, sex and anatomical location of the benign epithelial odontogenic tumors IREP between
the years 1976 to 2010.
Materials and methods: We selected the medical records of cases with a diagnosis of ameloblastoma anatopatológico Solid (AS), Ameloblastoma
unicystic (AU), peripheral ameloblastoma (PA), desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA), odontogenic keratocysts Tumor (toq) Adenomatoid Odontogenic
Tumor (AOT), calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) and Squamous Odontogenic Tumor (TOE). Subsequently, paraffin blocks collected
from these samples and processed to obtain new slides for hematoxylin-eosin, which were reassessed according to WHO 2005 criteria for an oral
pathologist experienced in conventional optical microscopy. The cases had no clinical information or lacked the paraffin block were excluded from
this study.
Results: TOQQ was the most frequent within this group of lesions with 87%, followed by AS with 5.4%, the AU with 3.6%, 2.5% TOA, AD and AP
with 0.6 CEOT% and 0.3%. There were no cases of TOE. Also, it was observed that of 488 cases of toq, 121 were associated with Basal Cell Nevus
Syndrome (BCNS) The most common location for TOQQ, AS and AU was mandibular molar region, angle and branch.
Conclusion: Benign epithelial odontogenic tumors are rare lesions in intraosseous lesions of the jaws, but its study is relevant to the diagnosis,
treatment and understanding of the biological behavior of these. The change of cyst TOQQ odontogenic tumor development, will involve an impact
on how often these types of injuries in epidemiological studies after the year 2005. Importantly, the dental community and the association TOQQ
BCNS., For the early diagnosis of this syndrome
Abstract Nº 88 - Craniofacial Biology
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO PROFILE ANALYSIS AND THE SKELETAL CLASS
*Muñoz-Smitmans, Constanza; Inostroza,Yessenia; Diaz-Condal,Christian; Sepulveda,Eric
Corresponding author: Constanza Pilar Muñoz Smitmans - coni.munoz1@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between facial profile analysis according to Schwarz and Madsen-Paniagua, and skeletal
class according to Jacobson in children with complete primary dentition.
Materials and methods: Our sample was 38 children between 3 and 5 years. We took a standardized profile photo of them where the analysis was
performed according to Schwarz and to Madsen-Paniagua, at the same time, we took a standardized lateral teleradiographic where the analysis
“Wits Appraisal” of Jacobson was carried out.
The data were analyzed using descriptive and chi-square analysis (p <0.05) in the SPSS 11.5 program
Results: Performing the profile analysis by both methods, it appears that most of the sample showed a profile retroclined (Schwarz 66%, Madsen-
Paniagua 79%), however, seeing the skeletal class, the values are evenly distributed between Class I (42%) and II (40%). There is no statistically
significant relationship between the analysis of profile of Schwarz (p = 0.214) with skeletal Class Jacobson. In evaluating the facial profile as Madsen-
Paniagua, we do not see a statistically significant (p = 0.225) with the “Wits Appraisal.”
Conclusion: According to the results, they did not show a relationship between facial profile analysis according to Schwarz and according to Madsen-
Paniagua with skeletal class according to Jacobson, in children with complete primary dentition.
It emphasizes the importance of complementing the clinical-radiographic to obtain more accurate diagnoses.

LIPUS’ EFFECT IN ORTHODONTICS MOVEMENT IN YOUNG/ADULT RATS
TORRES-QUINTANA,MARÍA ANGÉLICA; VARGAS, PAULA; PIÑEIRO, MARÍA SOLEDAD; PALOMINO M., HERNAN *
Corresponding author: Hernan Palomino Montenegro - palomino.hernan@gmail.com
Aim: To determine the effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in the range of OTM, in a rat model.
Materials and methods: 40 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, two young groups (16 weeks) and two adult groups (43 weeks). First right
maxillary molars of all groups were mesially tractioned with a closing Nitinol coil Sentalloy of 25cN force. An adult group (AC) and a young group
(JC) were used as control group, and an adult group (AL) and young group (JL) were used as experimental groups. The experimental groups (JL-
AL) received application of LIPUS at the right hemimaxilar, for 20 minutes daily. Measurements of the molar migration were made every other day
until day 14. The OTM was recorded and compared statistically using the Student t test.
Results: Young rats had higher range of OTM than adults rats (t = 2.06, p <0.027). Comparison between JL and AL groups with their controls also
showed significant differences in molar migration (young: t = 1.86, p = 0.041 / adults: t = 2.69, p = 0.008).
Conclusion: Young rats show higher range amount of movement in early stage OTM, and the LIPUS application increases the range of MDO in
both adults and young rats.

AGE AND PERIODONTAL VESSELS IN RATS, ORTHODONTIC AT 14 DAYS
Maureira P., Loreto*; Palomino M. Hernán; Acuña M.Soledad; Vargas D., Paula; Piñeiro B., Soledad; Torres-Quintana, Ma Angélica
Corresponding author: Loreto Maureira Peña - loreto.maureira.p@gmail.com
Aim: This study compared the periodontal vascular changes in young and adult rats after 14 days of MDO.
Materials and methods: All procedures were performed in Bioterium of Faculty of Cs. QMCS. U. de Chile. Standardized orthodontic appliances were
installed in right hemimaxilar in 2 groups of 7 rats, 16 and 46 weeks of age. Eeuthanasia by intracardiac perfusion at 14 days. In 7um paraffin sections
blood vessels were identified by muscle alpha actin immunohistochemical stain. A morphologic and morphometric analysis was performed on 4x
standardized microphotomicrographs. The surface of periodontal ligament space (LP) and each blood vessel area (Vs) were measured (Micrometrics
SE Premium). It was determined the number of small (<500um2) and large (> 500um2) blood vessels and calculated the mean of the areas of small
and large blood vessels in 13.746 ºm2 periodontal surface and the total number and surface of the Vs. Differences between groups were analyzed
by Wilcoxon test.
Results: On young rats, the number of large vessels was significantly higher in the tension zone (p = 0.0001), and surface of larger vessel was higher
at both sides (p = 0.03, p = 0.0001). The total surface area of Vs was significantly higher at stress side (p = 0.0068) compared with the adult group.
Conclusion: After 14 days of MDO the number and area of large vessels in the periodontium of young rats are significantly higher than in adult rats
which may influence the rate of bone turnover and explain the differences in the amount of MDO between different ages.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN CRANIAL BASE SHAPE
BURSTEIN, ANDRÉS*; SALINAS, JUAN CARLOS; MANRIQUEZ, GERMÁN
Corresponding author: Andrés Burstein Andaur - andres.burstein@gmail.com
Aim: The intentional cranial deformation (ICD) is a cultural practice that causes the alteration of the external shape of the human skull through the
change of its growth and development’s patterns. We want to know the effect of cultural practice in the shape’s variation pattern of the cranial base.
Materials and methods: Anatomical views of basicranium belonging to 72 skulls of adults from pre-hispanic populations from Arica were analyzed
by standard tools of Geometric Morphometrics techniques.
Results: The result demonstrated significant differences in the shape variation of the cranial base between two types of ICD Erect and Oblique
(p=0,036). The results obtained after the regression analysis between groups regarding the type of deformation (Nd-Ce-Co-Te-To) was statistically
non significant (p = 0.472).
Conclusion: Considering our results we conclude that the observed cranial base shape variation is related to the stretching of the cranial base due
to vectors originated by the deforming devices producing the oblique as well as the erect types of artificial deformation.

AGE AND PERIODONTAL MORPHOLOGY IN RATS, ORTHODONTIC AT 14 DAYS
María Angélica Torres Quintana*; Soledad Acuña M; Loreto Maureira P.; Paula Vargas D.; Soledad Piñeiro B.; Hernán Palomino M.
Corresponding author: María Angélica Torres-Quintana Valenzuela - mantorre@uchile.cl
Aim: To determine the differences of morphological and morphometric characteristic of periodontal ligament in young and adult rats at 14 days of
Tooth Movement (OTM).
Materials and methods: All procedures were performed in Bioterium of Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences.. U. de Chile. Standardized orthodontic
appliances were installed in right hemimaxilar in 2 groups of 7 rats, of 16 and 46 weeks of age. Eeuthanasia by intracardiac perfusion at 14 days.
7um cuts were stained with H & E and TRAP immunohistochemical stain. 40x microphotographs (Micrometrics SE Premium) were analyzed, in bone:
the lacunae resoprtion number, osteoclasts, osteocytes, osteoplast, growth lines and Sharpey’s fibers insertion. In Periodontal ligament (PL): hyaline
zones, fibroblast-like cells and collagen organization. In the tooth surface: cementoblasts, odontoclasts, resorption areas in cement and Sharpey’s
fibers insertion. Differences between groups were analyzed by Wilcoxon test and chi square.
Results: In adults, in bone, at strain areas, osteoplast number was significantly higher, on pressure side the number of osteocytes was significantly
lower (p = 0.03), fewer Sharpey fibers inserted and desorganized, less osteoclasts and osteoblasts than in young rats. In PL, the number of fibroblasts
was significantly lower (p = 0.001) on both sides, there were more hyaline zones and disordered fibers, mainly in pressure side. On tooth surface,
there were significantly less odontoclasts on both sides (p = 0.0004 pressure, tension, p = 0.023), and Sharpey fibers were fail inserted in cement
at stressed pressure side.
Conclusion: Adult rats after 14 days of OTM showed significant differences compared to younger rats, with higher number of empty bone lacunae,
more hyaline zones, disordered collagen fibers, fibroblasts and less odontoclasts.

SUPRA AND INFRAHYOID EMG ACTIVITY DURING CLENCHING AND GRINDING
Valenzuela, Saúl; Portus, Constanza* ; Miralles, Rodolfo; Campillo, Maria José ; Santander, Hugo; Fresno, Maria Javiera; Gutiérrez, Mario
Corresponding author: Constanza Portus Torres - cportus@gmail.com
Aim: To compare the bilateral electromyographic (EMG) activity of supra and infra-hyoid muscles during clenching and grinding among subjects with
canine guidance and group function.
Materials and methods: Twenty healthy subjects were selected (average age 22.4), Angle Class I and who had a complete natural dentition. Ten
subjects had bilateral canine guidance, and ten had bilateral group function. Surface electrodes were placed; the activity was amplified, integrated
and stored on a PC (online register). Three recordings in the upright position were performed in the following conditions: Condition1: grinding from
MIC to laterotrusive edge-to-edge contact position; Condition 2: clenching in laterotrusive edge-to-edge contact position; Condition 3: grinding from
laterotrusive edge-to-edge contact position to MIC. EMG activity was compared by means of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t test.
Results: With canine guidance, a significantly higher activity in the suprahyoid and a lower in the infrahyoid was observed on the nonworking side
compared to the working side during condition 1. With Group function, a significantly higher EMG activity in the suprahyoid muscles during conditions
1 and 3 (p<0.05) was observed on the nonworking side compared to the working side. However, in the infrahyoid muscles, the activity was higher
during condition 2 (p <0.05) and lower during condition 3 (p <0.05) on the working side compared to the muscle activity on the nonworking side.
During all the conditions studied, the EMG activity was significantly higher with canine guidance rather with group function, except on the working
side during condition 1.
Conclusion: The observed results could help explain the neuromuscular symptomatology of patients who clench and/or grind their teeth, exceeding
their physiological adaptation mechanisms.
EMG ACTIVITY DURING ECCENTRIC/CONCENTRIC GRINDING IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE.
Fuentes, Aler; Martinez, Karin* ; Miralles, Rodolfo; Gutierrez, Mario; Santander, Hugo ; Fresno, Maria Javiera; Valenzuela, Saúl
Corresponding author: Karin Priscilla Martinez Sagredo - karin_xx@hotmail.com
Aim: To compare unilateral EMG activity of anterior temporal muscles, supra and infrahyoid muscles and upper trapezius muscle during protrusive
and retrusive tooth grinding.
Materials and methods: We selected 18 young healthy subjects (14 women and 4 men, average 22.2 years) with complete natural dentition, bilateral
Angle Class I molar and incisor guidance. Surface electrodes were placed and the activity was amplified, integrated and stored on a PC (online
registration). In a standing position, there were three EMG records of each in the following experimental conditions, at random: Condition 1: grinding
from intercuspal position (IP) to edge-to-edge contact position; Condition 2: grinding from edge-to-edge contact position to IP; Condition 3, grinding
from IP to its maximum retruded position; Condition 4, grinding from the maximum retruded position to IP. EMG activity was compared by analysis
of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe’s test.
Results: Anterior temporal and trapezius muscles EMG activity recorded was significantly lower in condition1 compared to conditions 2, 3 and 4
(p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively). In the supra and infrahyoid muscles EMG activity recorded was significantly increased in the condition 3 compared
with conditions 1, 2 and 4 (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Under the experimental conditions reported, this EMG pattern observed in the muscular chains studied may explain the neuromuscular
symptoms of patients grind their teeth in protrusive and/or retruded position, when exceeded their physiological adaptation mechanisms.
Abstract Nº 95 - Diagnostic Sciences

SPANISH VALIDATION: “MICHIGAN ORAL HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE SCALE”
Manzur, N *; Manzur, D; Echeverría, S; Henriquez, E; Muñoz, A
Corresponding author: Nicole Manzur Naoum - nicolemanzur@gmail.com
Aim: Validate in Spanish language Michigan Oral Health-related Quality of Life Scale-Parent/Guardian Version.
Materials and methods: The Michigan Oral Health-related Quality of Life Scale-Parent/Guardian Version, validate in English language, evaluates
the quality of life of the children, including functional and psychological aspects affected by pain.
First the scale was adapted and translated into spanish, by 5 experts in health questionnaire translation. Then, the validation was conducted at the
dentistry school of Universidad de Chile, with 20 pacients until 71 months of age, 10 with pain because of caries and 10 without pain. The parents
were informed about the study and they signed a consent to participate. The questionnaire was apply in 2 opportunities, with one week of interval.
Results: For the validation of the questionnaire, it was applied the following tests:
Convergent validity: An extra global oral health question (How would you evaluate the oral health of your child?) added at the end of the scale.It was
determinate through the correlation between the question and the rating of the whole questionnaire, by Spearman test of correlation (0,96). Discriminant
validity: It was compared the results in children with pain and without pain, through Mann-Withney test, obtaining 39,0 in children with pain (ds 6,17)
and 10,5 for children without pain (ds 0,7). Internal consistency: To determinate the correlation between the questions of the survey, by Cronbach’s
alpha (0,86) for the entire survey. Confiability: To determinate if the questionnaire measure always the same, compairing the results in both times
the scale was applied, through the Spearman correlation test (0,98).
Conclusion: The Spanish translate questionnaire conserves appropriate values of validity and confiability, because all the tests applied for measure
differences were statistically significant (p<0,01). The Michigan Oral Health-related Quality of Life Scale-Parent/Guardian Version, is a validate
instrument for apply in Spanish language.
DIGITAL PROCESSING OF PHOTOGRAPHS IN ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL RESTORATIONS
Castillo, Fernanda*; Silva, Francisco; Angel, Pablo; Molina Yerko; Rivas C; Moncada Gustavo; Estay Juan
Corresponding author: Fernanda Castillo Rojas - fernanda0067@gmail.com
Aim: To determine if digital processing of dental photographs affects the results of visual assessment of restorations
Materials and methods: Standardized Photographs of 89 restorations (32 Composites and 57 Amalgam) were visually assessed in seven parameters
(Color, Oclusal Marginal Adaptation, Anatomy Form, Roughness, Oclusal Marginal Stain, Luster and Secondary Caries) using the modified USPH/RYGE
criteria (Alfa-Bravo-Charlie). Photographs were taken using a digital camera (Nikon-D100, Nikon-Microlens 105mm, Nikon-Macro Speed Flash CB-
29s) and processed digitally (software Adobe Photoshop CS3v10.0) to give rise to two groups of assessment; Group A: 89 photographs at 100%
and Group B: 89 processed photographs at 100% (Levels Adjustment, shadow and highlight correction, color balance, Unsharp Mask and digital
noise reduction) Photographs were assessed in a calibrated screen (macbook led, Efi es-1000 spectrophotometer) by one calibrated clinician (Kappa
0.76) and results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon test (SSPS 11.5) at 95% CI
Results: : Expressed in percentage, separated by group and parameter studied.
Group A Photo 100% Group B Photo 100% processed

Alpha Bravo Charlie Alpha Bravo Charlie n
Color 15,6% 81,25% 3,1% 15,6% 81,25% 3,1% 32

Marginal 3,4% 56,2% 40,4% 3,4% 56,2% 40,4% 89
Adaptation
Anatomy 1,1% 76,4% 22,5% 1,1% 76,4% 22,5% 89
Roughness 4,5% 58,4% 37,1% 3,4% 44,9% 51,7% 89
Marginal Stain 7,9% 48,3% 43,8% 4,5% 38,2% 57,3% 89
Luster 0% 73% 27% 0% 67,4% 32,6% 89
Secondary Caries 96,6% - 3,4% 94,4% - 5,6% 89
Conclusion: Digital processing of photographs does not affect the results of the assessment when the parameters Color, Marginal Adaptation and
Anatomy are studied (p>0.05). The results of the assessment of the parameters marginal stain, luster and secondary caries are affected by the digital
processing. (p<0.05).

RADIOGRAPHIC CARIES DETECTION: AGREEMENT BETWEEN STUDENT AND RADIOLOGIST
Estay, Juan*; Arias, Roque; Contente, Matias; Guzmán, Carmen
Corresponding author: Juan Estay Larenas - zamuray@gmail.com
Aim: In order to achieve an accurate detection of incipient caries lesion the support of a Radiologist is a key factor. The early diagnosis of caries
lesions is an important task to achieve in order to implement proper preventive therapies. The purpose of the current study was to establish the
agreement between 4th year dental students from the University of Chile, with their radiology course approved, and an experienced radiologist.
Materials and methods: 30 bilateral bitewing (988 non filled proximal faces) were randomly selected from patients of 4th year Operative Dentistry
Clinic. The X-Ray source was a Sirona Heliodent 65 kV 7 mA 0,63 s for molars and 0,5 s for premolars. The Student classified the proximal faces
in 4 categories: incipient caries (CI), Dentinal Superficial Caries (CDS); Dentinal half Caries (CDM) and Dentinal Deep Caries (CDP), the same
examination was performed by the radiologist (20 years experienced) The statistical agreement was obtained using Cohen’s Kappa test.
Results: : The agreement values are summarized in the following table.
CI CDS CDM CDP
MEDIA 0,2754 0,5403 0,5707 0,7437

SD 0,2990 0,3636 0,3699 0,3863
AGREEMENT POOR MODERATE MODERATE GOOD
The Radiologist detects 2,18 times more incipient carious lesions than students.
Conclusion: Only 45,78% of incipient caries detected by the radiologist were detected for students. For deeper lesion the agreement is acceptable.
These results suggest the need of permanent support of the Radiologist in the diagnosis of incipient lesions.
DIAGNOSTIC PRACTICES AND CRITERIA FOR INCIPIENT APPROXIMAL CARIES TREATMENT.
Flores, Mario*; Campos, Carla; Cruz, Siuling ; Gallegos, Katerin; Muñoz, Melva
Corresponding author: Mario Angelo Flores Ferretto - mfloresf@docenteuss.cl

Affiliation: U. SAN SEBASTIÁN Puerto Montt
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration of diagnostic elements, establish support methods most preferred in the main clinical
and treatment criteria used in the detection of incipient approximal carious lesions (CII) in dentists in our country.
Materials and methods: Thirty-nine dentists responded to a survey of nine questions autocomplete between September and December of 2009 in
the city of Puerto Montt.
They were asked about the methods used to diagnose IIC, the preferred diagnostic method for CII, which combines three types of injuries presented
by radiographic patterns of treatment.
Results: The media used most were: bitewing radiographs (100%) and visual examination (82%). When we asked for their preference, radiography
and clinical examination lead (82% and 58%), others have low or no preference.
In the selection of treatment for 36 dentists elected CII noninvasive maneuvers for injuries which presents radiolucency in outer half of enamel; 21
selected dental restorations in the treatment of lesions with radiolucency in the inner half of enamel that can extend up to but not beyond the dentin-
enamel junction limit, 35 dentists selected restoration treatments in the presence of radiolucency in the dentin or enamel dentine junction interrupted
without obvious spread in dentin.
Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this study, we conclude that the primary and preferred resource used for diagnosis of CII is the bitewing
radiograph. Other technologies have little or no penetration among dentists. The main criterion of disparity in treatment occurs in cases of teeth with
radiographic progress greater than half the thickness of the enamel. Other criteria are distributed similarly.

MHER PROGRAM ANALYSIS AND DENTAL SOLUTION IN FUTRONO COMMUNE (2009)
* Molina, Consuelo
Corresponding author: Consuelo Molina Espinosa - con_molina@hotmail.com
Aim: To analyse clinic files of patient beneficiaries of HMER program and dental Prosthesis Solution in Futrono Commune year 2009
Materials and methods: Analysis of 238 beneficiary patient’s clinic files and a total of 267 dental removable prosthesis carried out.
Results: From 238 examined patients: 70% was female 78% were between 30 – 64 years old, 10% 20– 29 years old, 12% younger than 20 years
old. A 94% belonged to Chile Solidario, 6% Fonasa A or B. 54% had gingivitis, 22% periodontitis and 24% were in good health conditions. In relation
to the treatment 58% did no require to have their teeth out 26% required to have between 1 and 2 teeth out 10% between 3 and 4 and 6% more
than 4 teeth out. A 21% did not have cavities, 14% required between 1- 2 dental fillings, 17% 3-4 fillings and 48% more than 4 fillings. Of the Total
dental prosthesis carried out 66% were partial prosthesis and 34% full prosthesis.
Conclusion: Each year, these programs constitute a great help to mitigate the damage which are produced in the oral health of low resource people
who has a very high vulnerability rand who live in the countryside. A 70% of female are the ones with the most possibilities of getting care and a
12% are younger than 20 years old, which reinforces the oral health promotion and prevention policy and not only carry out a rehabilitation
odontology. The cavities and periodontal health prevalence is found in the same relation with the rest of the country for the age group. It would be

FACTOR RIKS OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY
Alvarez, Paula*; Uribe, Sergio
Corresponding author: Paula Alvarez Troncozo - paula.alvarez77@gmail.com
Aim: The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis, oral signs and age; to assess the possibility of using these
parameters as an indicator of post-menopausal osteoporosis. The oral signs were panoramic-based mandibular indices, like cortical index.
Materials and methods: Fifty post-menopausal women between the ages of 40 years and 64 years were evaluated. Cortical indix was measured
and evaluated from panoramic radiographs, the menopausal status and age of the patients were recorded by questionnaire. Bone mineral densities
of the patients were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Results: In this study there was a difference for cortical index. Binary logistic regression analyses demonstrated that age (P º 0.015) was an important
risk factor for osteoporosis.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that osteoporotic patients were more likely to have altered inferior cortex morphology than non-
osteoporotic patients and age is an important risk factor for osteoporosis.
Day: Session:
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHIC VERSUS CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL RESTORATIONS
Francisco Silva*, Pablo Angel, Yerko Molina, Cristian Rivas, Gustavo Moncada
Corresponding author: Francisco Silva - gmoncada@adsl.tie.cl
Aim: To compare clinical (Direct Visual/Tactile) versus photographic (Indirect Visual) assessment of operative restorations.
Materials and methods: 89 restorations from 22 patients (32 Composites and 57 Amalgam) were assessed in seven parameters (Color, Oclusal
Marginal Adaptation, Anatomy Form, Roughness, Oclusal Marginal Stain, Luster and Secondary Caries)using the modified USPH/RYGE criteria (Alfa-
Bravo-Charlie). Restorations were clinically assessed by one calibrated clinician (Kappa 0,76). Standardized Photographs were taken (Nikon-D100,
Nikon-Microlens 105mm, Nikon-Macro Speed Flash CB-29s). Photographs were assessed by the same clinician one year later. Data formed two
groups of assessment; Group A: 89 clinical and Group B: 89 pictures at 100%, processed by software (Adobe Photoshop CS3v10.0). Data were
statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon test (SSPS 11.5) at 95% CI.
Results: Expressed in n (%), separated by group and parameter.
Group A Clínic Group B Photo

Alpha(%) Bravo(%) Charlie(%) Alpha (%) Bravo(%) Charlie(%) n
Color 12 (37,5) 19 (59,4) 1 (3,1) 5 (15,6) 26 (81,3) 1 (3,10) 32
Marginal Adaptation 34 (38,2) 51 (57,3) 4 (4,5) 3 (3,4) 50 (56,2) 36 (40,4) 89
Anatomy 14 (15,7) 74 (83,1) 1 (1,1) 1 (1,1) 68 (76,4) 20 (22,5) 89
Roughness 28 (31,5) 61 (68,5) 0 (0) 4 (4,5) 52 (58,4) 33 (37,1) 89
Marginal Stain 42 (47,2) 45 (50,6) 2 (2,2) 7 (7,9) 43 (48,3) 39 (43,8) 89
Luster 15 (16,9) 72 (80,9) 2 (2,2) 0 (0) 65 (73,0) 24 (27,0) 89
Secondary Caries 89 (100) 0 (0) _ 86 (96,6) 3 (3,4) _ 89
Conclusion: In general, digital photographic assessment of restorations was more critical than clinical in all parameters (p<0,05).

RADIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION OF ROOT CANAL SYSTEM ANATOMY
Gallardo, Paula*; Richa, Roxana; Buchheister, German; Moya, Rosa; Rodriguez, Ximena
Corresponding author: Paula Gallardo Soto - catedra@materialesdentales.cl
Aim: To assess the agreement of information delivered by the conventional intraoral x-ray dental anatomy comparatively to the real tooth anatomy
and also to measure the capacity of observation a radiologist and an endodontists
Materials and methods: 33 teeth were used and every tooth were taken 3 radiographs (orthoradial, mesial, distal) previous extraction, teeth had
its root structure intact. Subsequently each teeth was evaluated externally and internally through the root portion cuts in thirds (cervical, middle and
apical). The radiographic interpretation was registered and tabulated. A non parametric test was perform to assess the radiographic interpretation in
terms of shape, number, transverse section, width, presence of calcifications or reabsortions of the root canal system. Interobserver agreement was
examined with Kendall statistic.
Results: The agreement between radiographic interpretation and direct observation present significant differences (p<0.01). The agreement between
profesionals was moderate to good (Kendall value between 0,405 to 0,758) with booth radiographic techniques.
Conclusion: Radiographic interpretation to evaluate the root canal system must be use with caution, due the impossibility to present a precise image
of root anatomy.
Abstract Nº 102 - Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

PROPERTY IMPROVEMENT OF BIOMODELS MANUFACTURED BY 3D PRINTING.
Ramos, Jorge; Vargas, Alex *; Tejos, Cristián
Corresponding author: Alex Vargas Díaz - avargas@med.puc.cl
Affiliation: Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago
Aim: To improve the biomodels physiomechanical properties, such as: geometric accuracy, mass density, stiffness, compressive strength, tensile
strength, impact resistance and surface hardness.
Materials and methods: The geometric accuracy was determined by comparison of volumetric data from CT and segmentation of real bone samples
and of resulting biomodels. Density measurements were obtained by weighing the samples and obtaining the volume of water displaced by the
principle of Archimedes. The stiffness, compressive strength and fracture toughness were measured using ASTM specimens tested in a uniaxial
tensile testing machine. The impact resistance was measured using a Charpy pendulum and the surface hardness by a Shore D tester. The fabrication
orientation of the samples was varied during the 3D printing process.
Results: The stage of infiltration is the most important step in obtaining physiomechanical properties comparable to bone. The orientation of the
samples had low impact on the resultant properties. Stiffness and tensile strength reached 50% of the average values of the numbers of human
cortical bone. We obtained density values closed to real bone values as well as a very high geometric accuracy and good surface hardness, similar
to cortical bone.
Conclusion: We succeeded in improving some of the physiomechanical properties of manufactured biomodels, obtaining values closed to human
bone.
ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS IN LOWER THIRD MOLAR SURGERY.
Díaz Condal, C.; Rojas, R.; Muñoz, C
Corresponding author: Christian Díaz Condal - cdcondal@gmail.com
Affiliation: Clinica particular, otras no específicadas
Aim: Determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the risk of postoperative infectious complications in removal of impacted lower third molars
Materials and methods: Experimental study. The sample consisted in 94 patients with impacted mandibular third molars who were assigned to
two groups, group A with antibiotic prophylaxis and one group B without antibiotics preoperatevely. Evolution was monitored from 7 days after surgery
until finally discharged free from any sign of infection. infectious complication was defined as the presence of purulent discharge, abscess (recent
or late) or dry socket.
Results: We found a statistically significant difference in reducing the presence of postoperative infection in group A (p = 0.002)
Conclusion: In accordance with our results, antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the risk of postoperative infection in surgery of impacted lower third molars.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DRY SOCKET IN A HOSPITAL
*Inostroza, Yessenia; Muñoz-Smitmans,Constanza; Diaz-Condal,Christian; Sepulveda, Eric
Corresponding author: Yessenia Inostroza Alarcón - coni.munoz1@gmail.com
Aim: To describe the epidemiology and the treatment of the dry socket in patients who come to a service of urgency.
Materials and methods: A descriptive retrospective study was made. We gathered information of patients´s clinical file that were attended in the
dental urgency of the Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau in Santiago during October of 2008 and January, April and July of 2009. The variables that we
studied were: genre; age; affected tooth and treatment.
Results: We find a proportion approximate of men and women of 1:2 respectively. The average of age was 36 years, and the tooth more affected
were the jaw molars. The treatment was diverse, approximately in 82 % of the cases there was indicated some type of mechanical local therapy, 65
% indicated NSAIDs and 35 % indicated antibiotic therapy. Only 5 % indicated radiograph.
Conclusion: The proportion of genre is discordant with the literature, where they mentions a relation of men and women of 1:5 respectively,
nevertheless, the average of age and the most affected tooth coincide with the literature. The percentage of indication antibiotic therapy is more that
what we expected because his real efficiency has not been verified yet in the treatment of the dry socket.

EFFICIENCY OF PREOPERATIVE LYSINE CLONIXINATE ON THIRD MOLAR SURGERY
Hernandez, Máximo; * García, Francisco; Muñoz, Gabriela
Corresponding author: Francisco García Tello - francisco.garcia.tello@gmail.com
Aim: Determining the analgesic efficiency by evaluating preoperative and postoperative use of Lysine Clonixinate for third molar surgery regarding
the intensity of pain, the necessity of postoperative analgesia and duration of pain onset.
Materials and methods: During the period between March, 2010, and June, 2010, 26 ASA I patients were selected at the Faculty of Dentistry of
University of Valparaiso, who required surgical removal of impacted or semi-impacted lower third molars. The patients, who agreed to participate in
the study under the Informed Consent, were randomized into the experimental group (Eg) and the placebo group (Pg). The extractions were performed
by surgeons of similar experience. Patients received a survey based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in order to evaluate the variables in the
postoperative period. The survey was recived one week after the surgery.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the postoperative pain in Pg and Eg, although the pain during the first day had a lower
average in Eg. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the amount of analgesic intake, and the emergence of the first
and second pain between Eg and Pg.
Conclusion: The preoperative use of Lysine Clonixinate may be used as a protocol for postoperative pain management, but it does not show
statistically significant analgesic efficiency when compared to postoperative use in third molar surgery.
PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASE AMONG ORAL SURGERY PATIENTS
Lantaño, Camila*; Preisler, Gunther; Sotomayor, Cristina
Corresponding author: Camila Lantaño Pinto - camila.lantano.p@gmail.com
Aim: The present study has as main objective to characterize patients attending Universidad Austral de Chile’s Odonthological Clinic (UACh),
assigned to oral surgery between March 2009 and July 2010, emphasizing on those diagnosed with chronic diseases (CDs); as specific objectives:
to determine the CD’s prevalence; characterize the patients by demographic parameters; most prevalent CD’s; type of oral surgery performed; to
determin possible relations between demographic parametres and CD’s.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was performed, analyzing 496 clinical sheets. Those sheets correspond to patients that received,
at least, one oral surgery procedure in the period between March 2009 and July 2010 in the Dental Clinics of UACh. There were considered just
those who contain the following variables: Age, sex, presence of CD’s, kind of CD’s and oral surgery intervention performed, The data were obtained
from their clinical charts, stored and analyzed in the statistic software PASW STATISTIC 18.
Results: From all the clinical sheets analyzed, 27,8% of them, presented at least one CD´s; among these, the most prevalent is High blood pressure
(18,8%) and Diabetes mellitus (6,5%); next was Osteo-muscular diseases (OMD) with a 2,4%; finally the thyroidal diseases (TD) with 2,2%.
Conclusion: The prevalence of the CD´s is raising; therefore, attending patients with medical compromise that need oral surgery procedures are
becoming more common. For this reason one must have in consideration all the necessary measures to reduce the possible intra-operative
complications that might cause from serious morbidity to the death of the patient.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE CRANIOFACIAL TRAUMA IN THE HUAP, 2004-2009
Mancilla, C; de la Vega, M *; Sepúlveda, A; Sung, H; González, A
Corresponding author: Michelle De La Vega Contreras - mdelavegac@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological profile of the craniofacial trauma (CFT) patients attended in Hospital Urgencia de
Asistencia Pública (HUAP) from 2004 to 2009.
Materials and methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted in HUAP with analysis of chart of patients diagnosed with CFT collected
between June 2004 to June 2009.
Results: Among the 662.480 patients treated in HUAP, 16.087 (2,4%) of them incurred CFT. The proportion between male v/s female was 2,4:1 and
patients in the group aged 20-29 as the most affected. The main etiological factor was the interpersonal violence. The total registry of injuries was
27.706 which were distributed in soft tissues (83 %) with the orbital contusions as the most frequent affected region(15 %); and in hard tissues (17
%) with nasal bone as the most common facial fracture (69 %). The alcohol consumption was present in 11,3% of the cases.
Conclusion: The most affected patients were males and the most common etiology factor was the interpersonal violence, similar pattern seen in
developed countries. Due to the continuing changes in Chile as emerging country, trends of CFT is changing as well. Further epidemiological studies
of craniofacial injuries become mandatory which might help to throw additional light on the pattern of these injuries and also suggest efficient preventive
measures and the establishment of clinical protocols, pathways and treatment guidelines as well.
Abstract Nº 108 - Dental Anesthesiology Research

EFFECT OF NITROUS OXIDE TO ANXIOUS PATIENTS IN DENTAL TREATMENT
Reyes, Nicolás*; Segovia, Jaime; Ramírez, Cecilia
Corresponding author: Nicolás Reyes Marchant - pitbullchanel@hotmail.com
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the administration of Nitrous Oxide (NO) to a group of anxious patients, could reduce pulse and
blood pressure values, as indicators of anxiety, compared to a control group at the moment of the anesthesic punction.
Materials and methods: 40 volunteers were selected from endodontic and restorative ambulatories and elective procedures of Odontosalud Center
and University of Valparaíso, between 10 and 65 years old, ASA I and II, without any farmacologic treatment and being clasified as Anxious by the
Hamilton’s Anxiety Test. The subgroup division was made randomly. An aplication of NO with at least 50% oxygen was made in the “case group”.
Pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was evaluated at the time of the preoperative interview and at the moment of the anesthesic punction.
The variables differences were calculated and analized with the ANOVA test using SPSS software. An informed consent was signed by all patients.
Results: A statistically significant variation was found for the three variables studied. The pulse variation of the control group was 13,85±2,81 beats
per minute in comparission with the 10,35±6,64 beats in the case group (p=0,036). The systolic blood pressure in the control group was 20,6±5,5
mmHg, while the case group was 13,05±10 mmHg (p=0,005). The diastolic pressure was 7,7±7,28 mmHg in the control group and 11,15±9,54
mmHg in the case group (p=0,019). The case group registered the lowest scores for the three variables.
Conclusion: The administration of NO with oxygen combined reduces the pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in the case group, when
is compared with the control group.
CARPULE NEEDLE LENGTH IN THE INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE ANESTHESIA
Aravena, Pedro; González, Claudo; Castillo, Viviana*; Cerón, Andrea
Corresponding author: Pedro Aravena Torres - paravenat@gmail.com
Aim: (1) To measure the length of carpule needle penetration. (2) Relate the length with the patient’s facial index (FI).
Materials and methods: Descriptive study. 62 patients of the SAPU-Dental-Valdivia, with indication of mandibular teeth extraction using the direct
Spix technique where included. Cephalometric indexes were measured, and with a silicone top, the penetration of the needle. The results were
evaluated with ANOVA test (p <0.05).
Results: 62 patients were attended. The IF-average was 91.05, being mostly mesoprosopic (30.6%). The average depth of the needle was 26.74
mm (SD 3.56). No association was found between the IF and the depth of the needle (p = 0.55).
Conclusion: The average length was 26.7mm. No relationship was found with facial index.

USING 1.8 ML OF ANESTHESIA IN INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE
Aravena, Pedro; González, Claudio; Cerón, Andrea*; Castillo, Viviana
Aim: To evaluate the anesthetic efficacy using one tube (1.8 m) of lidocaine 2% in the truncal technique.
Materials and methods: Descriptive study. 62 patients of the SAPU-Dental-Valdivia, with indication of mandibular teeth extraction using only one
tube were included. After 15’ teeth were extracted. Results measured the possibility of extracting the tooth (yes / no), pain (VAS) and gender / age
association. Chi-square test was used (p <0.05) in data analysis.
Results: 62 patients were attended. In 47 patients (75.8%) tooth extraction was possible with only one tube and a mean VAS of 4 (SD 2.88). There
was no association between gender (p = 0.21) or age (P = 0.82) with the anesthetic effect.
Conclusion: The dose demonstrated a high effectiveness. However, a percentage of patients (24%) required infiltration technique supplement.

DETECTION OF GLUTARALDEHYDE IN DENTAL ANESTHETIC TUBES USING UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Aravena,Pedro; Cohn,Nicolás*; Becker,Jaime
Aim: Detect the presence of Glutaraldehyde in anesthetic tube after applying cold sterilization protocol through Spectroscopy of molecular absorption.
Materials and methods: Reactants: three types of anesthetics glass tubes of 1.8 mL: Mepivacaine 3% without vasoconstrictor (Scandicaina 3%),
Mepivacaine with Adrenalin 1:100,000 (Scandicaina 2%) and Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% with Epinephrine 1:100,000 (Septodont). Activated 2%
Glutaraldehyde (Johnson & Johnson). Equipment: Deionized Water, pH meter (Denver Instrument UltraBasic), UV - vis spectrophotometer Heªios
≥. Procedures It is necessary to use cold sterilization protocol as “Normas de Desinfección MINSAL (2008)”, This consists in the immersion of the
anesthetic tubes into an activated solution of Glutaraldehyde 2% for 10 hours. Then the absorbences of the solutions were measured in a separated
way. First, the Glutaraldehyde 2% and then, the anesthetic tubes. All of them, were measured by molecular absorption spectrophotometry separated
each other, this, to determine the wavelength at which absorbs each compound. Later the absorbance of the anesthetics exposed to the sterilizing
solution of 2% activated Glutaraldehyde for 10 hours as previously mentioned protocols. All measurements were performed by generating a baseline
of deionized water, because all the compounds were diluted in water.
Results: Anesthetics have a peak absorbance at 277 nm; activated 2% Glutaraldehyde has a peak absorbance at 280 nm. By putting the anesthetic
tubes under the sterilization protocol we can see that there is an interaction between the anesthetic and sterilizing solution of 2% Glutaraldehyde,
where we see the peak of absorbance of Glutaraldehyde and anesthetic at 280 nm and 277 nm respectively. The interaction causes saturation in
the form of noise in the spectrophotometer within the range of 220 nm and 275 nm. This means that Glutaraldehyde concentrations are high.
Conclusion: The activated 2% Glutaraldehyde makes contact with the filtration anesthesia through the piston or diaphragm. We do not recommend
immersing the tubes anesthetics activated sterilizing solutions of 2% Glutaraldehyde for 10 hours because it’s proven diffusion into the tube. Research
is suggested to observe the concentration reaches the sterilizing solution into the tube.
Abstract Nº 112 - Neuroscience / TMJ
PIVOT APPLIANCE: CHANGE IN MANDIBULAR POSITION AND FACIAL BIOTYPE
Sciolla, Beatriz*; Casassus, Rodrigo; Saldivia, Josefina; Salinas, Juan Carlos; Palomino, Hernán
Corresponding author: Beatriz Sciolla Santelices - beasciolla@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study was to cephalometrically determine the variation of mandibular position, when wearing a pivot appliance
Materials and methods: A clinical study was carried out to evaluate changes in mandibular position, cephalometrically determinated, wearing a pivot
appliance of 2 mm of thickness, with normal clenching force, in 33 asymptomatic volunteers, sorted according to their facial biotype determinated
by VERT coefficient in lateral teleradiography. Variation in mandibular position was evaluated as changes in Lower Anterior Facial Height, Posterior
Facial Height, Anterior Facial Height, Articular Angle (Björk Analysis) and Sella-Nasion Gonion-Gnation. All this parameters were measured in maximal
cuspidation and wearing a pivot appliance.
T-Student test was used to analyze the influence of splint placement in all parameters studied, except Sella-Nasion Gonion-Gnation angle, which
was analyzed by Fisher’s exact test. ANOVA was used to determine the biotype statistical influence in this variation. A p value ≤ 0,05 was considered
significant.
Results: An increase of all studied parameters was observed in all subjects. However no statistical differences were founded between facial biotypes.
Conclusion: An increase of all Facial heights was induced by posterior mandibular rotation, wearing a pivot appliance, without differences between
facial biotypes.

PIVOTING APPLIANCES: CONDYLAR POSITION AND FACIAL BIOTYPE
Saldivia, Josefina*; Casassus, Rodrigo; Sciolla, Beatriz; Ramos, Milton
Corresponding author: Josefina Saldivia Berríos - josefinasaldivia@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect in condylar position of pivoting appliance with normal clenching force -minimal force to keep
lower teeth in contact to the pivot appliance-, in asymptomatic volunteers, according to their facial biotype.
Materials and methods: A clinical study was carried out with 32 asymptomatic volunteers who were grouped according to their facial biotype
determined by VERT coefficient in a lateral teleradiography. Condylar position was determined using transcranial oblique technique modified by
Farrar, individualized with a submento-vértex proyection, performing Schiappacasse’s method, in two mandibular positions: maximal intercuspidation
and normal clenching force. Statistical analysis was made using t Student, ANOVA, chi2 and proportion test. A p value < 0,05 was considered
significant.
Results: Downward movement of mandibular condyle, with or without antero-posterior component, was achived in 98,44% of the subjects. We
observed an increase of all three articular spaces, where upper space increased 1,21 mm, posterior space 0,58 mm and anterior space 0,33 mm
(p<0,05). No statistical differences were found between facial biotypes (p>0,05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, pivot appliance in normal clenching force produces downward movement of mandibular condyle, in the majority of the
subjects studied, independently of their facial biotype.

PIVOT APPLIANCES: VERTICAL DIMENSION AND FACIAL BIOTYPES
Casassus, Rodrigo*; Sciolla, Beatriz; Saldivia, Josefina; Salinas, Juan Carlos; Palomino, Hernán
Corresponding author: Rodrigo Casassus Farrán - rcasassus@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the variation of vertical dimension when wearing a pivot appliance.
Materials and methods: A clinical experimental study was carried out to evaluate the vertical dimension variation wearing pivot appliance of 2 mm
of thickness, with normal clenching force, in 33 asymptomatic volunteers, sorted according to their facial biotype determinated by VERT coefficient
in lateral teleradiography. Occlusal vertical dimension was determined using Willis compass in two mandibular positions: maximal cuspidation and
normal clenching force wearing the splint.
T-Student test was used to analyse the influence of splint placement in occlusal vertical dimension and ANOVA to determine the biotype influence
in this vatiation. A p value p ≤ 0,05 was considered significant
Results: In average, an increase of 4,82 mm of occlusal vertical dimension was observed in all studied subjects. However no statistical differences
was found between facial biotypes.
Conclusion: We concluded that placement of a posterior pivot appliance with normal clenching force, produces an increase of vertical dimension
without differences between facial byotypes.
Abstract Nº 115 - Behavioral, Epidemiologic, and Health Services Research
Day: Viernes 8 de octubre 2010 Session: 6
CARIES PREVALENCE IN HUILLICHE CHILDREN AGED UNDER 12
Angel Pablo, Fresno M.Consuelo, Cisternas Patricia, Lagos Mauricio, Estay Juan
Corresponding author: María Consuelo Fresno Rivas - consue_fresno@yahoo.com
Aim: The aim of the current cross sectional study is to determine the prevalence of dental caries in the child Huilliche population of Huapi Island,
province of Valdivia, X Region de Los Lagos.
Materials and methods: 51 children aged under 12 years old, 25 male (mean age 8.48) and 26 female (mean age 8.92) living in Huapi Island, were
examined by a calibrated investigator (Kappa.0.966). Dental decay was identified by means of visual examination using the WHO standardized
criteria. The parents of the subjects were properly informed and gave their consent for their children to join the study. Children were interviewed and
examined at school. Data were collected in a specially designed card and analyzed statistically using a Paired T- Test with SPSS V.17.0 (SPSS Inc.
Chicago, IL, USA)
Results: The mean decayed teeth were 4.0 (SD 3.05) for boys and 3.3 (SD 3.57) for girls. The difference between boys and girls was not statistically
significant p= 0.447.
Conclusion: The prevalence of dental decay in the Huilliche child population of Huapi Island, was 82,3%, there was no difference regarding gender.
Based on these findings, it may be concluded that specific dental programs should be established, with emphasis on oral health promotion and
rehabilitation.

CARIES RISK AND ORAL STATE ASSESSMENT OF CELIAC CHILDREN
Díaz, Carolina *; Gardella, Pia; Habash, Macarena; Torrijos, Luisa
Corresponding author: Pia Francesca Gardella González - piafgg@hotmail.com
Aim: To assess the caries risk and oral alterations in celiac children and adolescents until 17 years old, diagnosed by biopsy or serological studies,
treated at Dr. Gustavo Fricke Hospital, between January and May of the year 2010.
Materials and methods: The study was descriptive. We worked with the universe of 23 patients. A basic oral examination was made, it was registered
in a clinical sheet. We also used an inquiry, for parents or representatives, and a dietetic journal.
The statistics was descriptive, we used Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 10 for Windows.
Results: Oral ulcers were present in 4.3% of the patients. The prevalence of dental enamel alterations was 100%. Regarding to caries risk, 52%
had low risk, 31% moderate and 17% high.
Conclusion: The prevalence of oral mucosal alterations was low, while the defects in dental enamel were detected in all patients. The caries risk
found was mostly low.

ORAL HEALTH, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICES AND SELF-PERCEPTION IN DIABETICS
OLIVARES GAETE MIGUEL ÁNGEL; BUSTOS ALVAREZ IVONNE PATRICIA; NÚÑEZ FRANZ MARÍA LORETO; *REYES JARAMILLO ANA MARÍA
Corresponding author: Ana María Reyes Jaramillo - amreyes@utalca.cl
Aim: Describe oral health status, knowledge, attitudes, practices and oral self-perceptions of diabetic patients under treatment at a Primary Health
Care center, Chépica-Region Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, 2009.
Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study in a consecutive (convenient) sample of 126 subject. Sample size was calculated with 95%
confidence level, 10% precision and a 38.6% prevalence of subjects knowing the relationship between diabetes and oral health. A 25% patient loss
was assumed. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 14.0, obtaining descriptive statistics accordingly to variable type. One calibrated observer
(Kappa= 0.93) measured clinical variables of interest. The study was approved by the bioethical committee at University of Talca.
Results: 63.5% of subjects were women. Predominant age group was 50-70 years old. Low educational level had 66.7% of subjects. Mean population
DMFT was 17.61. All patients had some degree of periodontal disease, 30.2% had burning mouth sensation, 72% had dry mouth perception, 92.8%
had poor oral hygiene, 94.4% had a low perception of oral health (GOHAI), 36.5% smoked, 80% went to the dentist primarily for emergency care,
and 81% knew the relationship between diabetes and oral health, however, 42.9% could identify oral diseases associated to diabetes.
Conclusion: Most patient knew the relationship between oral health and diabetes. In general, the studied population had poor oral health status.
They had high caries experience and all suffered from periodontal disease. Most subjects had poor self perception of their oral health. These results
encourage to design interventions to improve oral and health quality of life of diabetics.
ORAL HYGIENE, EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY: INTERVENTION IN CAREGIVERS.
*IBARRA GONZALEZ DANKA; BUSTOS ALAVREZ IVONNE PATRICIA ; NUÑEZ FRANZ MARIA LORETO
Corresponding author: Danka Ibarra Gonzalez - dankaig@gmail.com
Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the Social Learning Theory.
Materials and methods: This is an intervention community trial. The intervention group was comprised of 63 caregivers and the control group had
28 caregivers. The intervention was carried out in three sessions. One educational session was done in the control group. The outcome variables
were knowledge and attitudes of caregivers, and preschool’s oral hygiene. Biodemographic variables were also measured. Two observers were
calibrated for oral hygiene index (inter-observer kappa = 0.7, intra-observer kappa = 0.68). Measurements were taken at baseline, two weeks, and
six weeks posterior to intervention. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 14.0. Repeated measure model were used for statistical analysis. The
study was approved by the Bioethical Committee at the University of Talca.
Results: At baseline, intervention group and control group were similar in regard to: age of caregivers, gender, relationship, type of family (byparental),
attitudes and practice of caregivers, and children oral hygiene. Groups differ in: educational level, socioeconomic status, oral health knowledge. Knowledge
of caregivers improved over time in both groups. However, the intervened group had better knowledge than control group (p< 0.05). Attitudes of caregivers
improved over time in both groups. Nevertheless, both groups had good oral heath attitude. Oral hygiene of preschool children improved over time in
both groups (p< 0.05). The intervened group had better oral hygiene than control group during the period of observation (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: The intervention across the SLT was more effective for knowledge and attitudes of caregivers. The SLT was more effective to improve
oral hygiene of children. Even though, oral hygiene improved in both groups, none of them reached acceptable levels (OH <1.2) . Further studies
should be performed to assess long term effectiveness of this behavioral change model.

COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE IN GINGIVITIS MANAGEMENT. 12 YEARS CHILDREN. FRESIA
Soto, Daniela*; Agurto, Sandra.
Corresponding author: Daniela Soto Cerda - dannylix@gmail.com
Aim: In dental practice it´s observed that all the children entered to 12 years Dental Program are diagnosed with gingivitis. Our client population is
characterized by being rural or urban immigrant of the field, whit beliefs and customs among which is the use of medicinal herbs. analyzed the
quarterly evolution of Gingivitis, in two groups of children.
Materials and methods: collected data from 160 dental report of 12 years children admitted to the Dental Program at the Hospital in Fresia. Between
March 2009 and 2010.
An “A group” receive natural treatment of Chamomile infusion mouthwash (CIM) combined with hygiene instruction, and “B group”, only hygiene instruction.
Was taken as reference sextant number two, which was measured the following clinical parameters observed: Bleeding to the probing, color gum
and interdental papilla shape. To each parameter is assigned points 1.0, 0.5, 0.25 respectively.
Was described as positive result to the treatment; who obtained a sum equal to or less than 0.75. and negative between 1.0 and 1.75 points.
Results: patients who used CIM, (80), a 42.5% (34) had a positive outcome to treatment in the first quarter, Then this increase to a 51.25% (41) in
a second quarter, concluding with 66.25% (53) in the third. “B Group” (80); a 27.5% (22) obtained positive outcome to the first quarter, a 32.5 %
(26) to the second quarter and a 41.25% (33) positive, in the last measurement
Conclusion: More than 60 % of children of “A group”, who received Chamomile infusion mouthwash, hygiene instruction and family support to
complete the treatment; obtains POSITIVE outcomes. This shows that chamomile infusion mouthwash can be used as an efficient and effective anti-
inflammatory and antiseptic in the treatment of Gingivitis in motivated children.

EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES PREVALENCE AND FAMILY TYPES
Salas, Wilhelm; Pérez, Vidal *; Jiménez, Patricia
Corresponding author: Vidal Pérez Valdés - vperez@utalca.cl
Aim: Determine Early Childhood Caries (ECC) prevalence and Family Types in children from 1 to 5 years old from Child Rehabilitation Institute
“Teletón” of Talca, and two health primary care services:”“Consultorio of Pelarco” and”“Consultorio Norte” of Talca.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional survey. The sample was composed by 120 children (40 in each place). dmf-t and the diagnosis criteria of
white spots (Thomas 1999) were used to evaluate the ECC prevalence. Family Types were analized with Revilla index (1991). Simplified Oral Hygiene
Index (Greene and Vermillion, 1964) was used to evaluate children’s oral hygienic condition and cariogenic diet was studied with Guerrero’s diet
questionnaire (2002). Previouslly, the examiner was calibrated (kappa= 0,92) and parents signed a informed consent.
Results: ECC prevalence in whole studied population was 67% (81). In Consultorio Pelarco the ECC prevalence was 70% (28), Consultorio Norte
67% (27) and Teletón 65% (26). Nuclear families presented the highest ECC prevalence 75% , follow by monoparental families 63% and extended
nuclear families 44% in all studied population. In Consultorio Pelarco and Teletón nuclear families showed the highest ECC prevalence with 81%
and 68% respectivelly, while in Consultorio Norte were monoparental families 75%. Relationship between ECC and Family Types were not statistically
significant (p=0,12). The studied population presented 64% (77) poor oral hygiene and 65% (78) elevate diet cariogenic potential.
Conclusion: ECC prevalence in whole studied population was 67%. Consultorio
Pelarco presented 70%, Consultorio Norte 67% and Teleton 65%. Despite that relationship between ECC and Family Types were not statistically
significant, it was observed that children who live with nuclear and monoparental families presented higher ECC prevalence than extended nuclear
families. Finally, the studied population presented high percentge of poor oral hygiene and elevate diet cariogenic potential .
ORAL HYGIENE, EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH BELIEF MODEL. INTERVENTION IN CAREGIVERS.
*VIDAL ARENAS ANDREA; BUSTOS ALVAREZ IVONNE PATRICIA; NUÑEZ FRANZ MARIA LORETO
Corresponding author: Andrea Vidal Arenas - andreda23@gmail.com
Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model.
Materials and methods: This is an intervention community trial. The intervention group was comprised by 40 caregivers and control group had 28
caregivers. The intervention was carried out in three sessions and one for control group. The outcome variables were knowledge and attitudes of
caregivers and preschool’s oral hygiene. Biodemographic variables were also measure. Two observers were calibrated for oral hygiene index (kappa
inter-observer was 0.7 and 0.65 intra-observer).
Measurements were taken at baseline, two weeks, and six weeks post intervention. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 14.0. Repeated measure
model were used for statistical analysis. The study was approved by the ethical committee at University of Talca.
Results: At baseline intervention group and control group was similar regarding: type of family (byparental), educational level, and socioeconomic
status, knowledge of caregivers and oral hygiene of children. Groups differ in: gender, age and attitude of caregivers. Knowledge of caregivers
improved over time in both group. However, intervention group had better knowledge than control group (p< 0.05). Attitudes of caregivers improved
over time in both group. However at baseline, intervention group had a better oral health attitude compare to control group. This difference was also
observed at six weeks (p< 0.05). Oral hygiene of preschool children improved over time in both group (p< 0.05). No difference was observed between
groups.
Conclusion: The HBM was more effective for knowledge and attitudes of caregivers. However, HBM was similar to one educational session for oral
hygiene of children. Even though, oral hygiene improves in both group none of them reach acceptable level. Further studies should be done to assess
long term effectiveness of this behavioral change model.

ANXIETY LEVELS, PRECLINIC CYCLE IN DENTAL. STUDENTS. LA FRONTERA UNIVERSITY, TEMUCO, CHILE
* Corsini Muñoz Gilda Angélica ; Herrera Machuca, Jessica Carmen; Bustos Medina, Luis
Corresponding author: Gilda Angelica Corsini Muñoz - gcorsini@ufro.cl
Aim: The objective of this study was to determinate the tendencies and the behavior anxiety dimensions: trait and state in dental students during
years 2007 to 2009
Materials and methods: longitudinal study. Anxiety was assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Sample was constituted by 56 students of first year (2007); 26 second year (2008) and 43 third year (2009) that consent to participate and present
in the activity. Statistic analysis, the tendency of the measurements evaluated with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel and the behavior with the model of
repeated measures GEE
Results: of the 56 students, 48.2% corresponded to the male sex. Age average 19.2 ± 2.16 .S.D. The Anxiety-State dimensions averages scores
for years 2007 (45.34); 2008 (44.50); 2009 (39.55).
The lineal tendency of the average through years is significant for this dimension (p=0.0477) and the GEE test showed being significant between
2007 and 2009 (p=0.0003).
In Anxiety-Trait dimension, the averages were (41.61); (43.73); (38.47), respectively. The lineal tendency for this average is not significant in this
dimension (p=0.9169) and the GEE test showed not being significant for any year (p=0.0833; p=0.2136). Generally, it is observed that scores averages
correspond at mean levels for both dimensions (30-44). Sex do not modify the behavior of the measurements in the different years, (p>0.05)
Conclusion: The anxiety appears like a frequent phenomenon in dental students. The levels of anxiety are medium-higher with tendency to increase
in proportion to curricular advance. There was no relation between gender and age. The careers of Dentistry should plan educational strategies to
early detection and control of high levels of anxiety considering the risk in the emotional and physical health of the student body.

ANXIETY IN PRIMARY CARE PATIENTS DENTAL CESFAM TUCAPEL.
Luengo, Ivan; Estrada, Luis*; Cisterna, Jorge
Corresponding author: Luis Estrada Figueroa Estrada Figuero - luisestrada@udec.cl
Affiliation: U. DE CONCEPCIÓN Concepcion
Aim: Anxiety is a pattern that can occur before and during dental procedures, because of this, this study is to evaluate and analyze quantitatively
the anxiety of patients treated in the dental area CESFAM Tucapel in the city of Concepción
Materials and methods: A survey was conducted based on the Dental Anxiety Scale Norman Corah. The sample consisted of 108 patients who
were treated during the months of June-July 2010. The selected variables with the level of anxiety were: gender, age, previous experience and of
reason. The results were analyzed by descriptive data and statistical analysis Chi-square (p <0.05)
Results: Of the total sample 68% were females and 32% male, age range between 8 to 75 years with a mean age of 28 years. 76% did not report
having had a traumatic experience, 37% of the sample went on an emergency basis. Regarding the degree of anxiety, 42% of cases not reported,
28% with anxiety, 25% are very anxious and 5% reported having a dentist phobia. The statistical analysis yields no relationship between the degree
of dental anxiety and selected variables.
Conclusion: The 59% of patients have some degree of dental anxiety, which is higher than other similar studies. It agrees that age and reason for
consultation do not influence, however, in literature if reports a direct association between female gender and previous traumatic experience.
NEED DENTAL AND GINGIVAL IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN PRIMARY CARE
Luengo, Iván*; Cisterna, Luis; Oliva, Clara
Corresponding author: Iván Luengo Ferreira - xfactor_6_slam@hotmail.com
Aim: To determine the need for dental and gingival treatment in pregnant users compared to non-pregnant women belonging to CESFAM Tucapel,
Concepción, 2010.
Materials and methods: A sample of 74 pregnant and 61 nonpregnant women.
To measure the history of caries in permanent teeth in pregnant and nonpregnant COPD index was used, with values of severity index according to
WHO, it is noteworthy that this rate we calculate the value C. The need for gingival treatment used the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Rate at
which the values considered in our study were 0, 1 and 2 by excluding values greater study.
Results: The users are not pregnant have a 11,38 COPD, against 10.66 in pregnant users, the difference being not statistically significant. The need
to treat decay is observed more frequently in non-pregnant users where they are, with 93.4% versus 67.5%, which are considered statistically
significant (p <0.001). The need for gingival treatment is most often seen in pregnant women with 79.7%, compared nonpregnant women with 65.6%
considered not statistically significant (p = 0.064).
Non-pregnant women are 6.84 more likely to have the need for restorative treatment for caries (95% CI 2.34 to 20.02, p = 0.002) than pregnant
women. Considered statistically significant.
The need for gingival treatment in pregnant users is 2.07 times more likely than nonpregnant women (95% CI, 0.96 to 4.44, p = 0.642), although
not considered statistically significant.
Conclusion: Pregnancy did not determine the formation of cavities in users in the study. However pregnant users had a higher need for gingival
treatment and less need for dental treatment for caries in relation to users not pregnant.

STATE OF PULP THERAPIES PERFORMED IN DENTAL CLINICS OF UACH
Carcamo, Paula; Crovetto, Elizabeth *
Corresponding author: Elizabeth Crovetto Leon - elizabethcrovetto@gmail.com
Aim: Objectives: to evaluate the mouth permanence of treated teeth with pulp therapy (pulpotomy and pulpectomy) performed in primary dentition,
at the UACH dental clinics during the period of 2008-2010.
Materials and methods: 520 dental records of pediatric patients treated between 2008 and august 2010 in the dental clinics by students in fourth
and fifth year at the UACH were reviewed. It was found that 81 dental records presented pulpotomy and pulpectomy treatments, with a total of 113
procedures performed; after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria it was found that 82 teeth were treated with pulpotomy and 31 with pulpectomy,
and in the 77% of the cases a follow up after the treatment was realized.
Results: of a total of 82 pulpotomies performed, 5 ended up in the extraction of the tooth, with an average duration of 24, 7 days and of 31 pulpectomies
performed, 6 ended up in the extraction with an average duration of 30, 3 days; so the percentage of mouth permanence of the treated teeth with
pulpotomy and pulectomy corresponds to 93, 9% and 80, 6% respectively.
Conclusion: of the teeth treated with pulpotomy and pulpectomy, a 90, 26% continue in mouth, so the objective of the pulp therapy is achieved,
which is maintaining the teeth till its natural exfoliation and so avoid the complications produced by the premature tooth loss. We suggest that farther
studies must be realized to evaluate the success of this procedures more specifically.

AESTHETIC PERCEPTION ANALYSIS OF SMILES
PALMA C.*, ROMO F., SCHULZ R.
Corresponding author: Carolina Paz Palma Pinto - dra.cpalma@gmail.com
Aim: To determine the aesthetic perception of the smile, holding juveniles and adults lay, as well as facial expression as constituent elements of a
beautiful smile.
Materials and methods: The methodology used in the study was qualitative, 35 interviews were conducted semi-structured Chilean men and women
lay in dental aesthetics, residents of the metropolitan area. Were excluded dental students and dentists. Each interview was transcribed and coded
in order to make an explanatory model by the method of Grounded Theory.
Results: The study establishes that both groups interviewed valued the smile as an expression denoting positive feelings, being an important feature
in the face, especially in adults. However, there are differences between the groups regarding preferences and requirements of a beautiful smile.
Conclusion: The smile as facial expression is an important feature especially in young people and adults, feature influential in the perception of
facial attractiveness and beauty. Women are associated with this facial expression, while men more serious expressions. Among the constituent
elements of a beautiful smile, both groups agreed to have all the teeth, but they differ in young people is essential tooth alignment, whereas for adults
is more important the color of the teeth.
EFFECTIVENESS SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY IN ORAL HYGIENE, 6-MONTH FOLLOW UP.
*NÚÑEZ FRANZ MARÍA LORETO; QUINTEROS LUIS; ICAZA GLORIA; BUSTOS IVONNE P.; POBLETE ALEJANDRO.
Corresponding author: Maria Loreto Núñez Franz - lnunezf@utalca.cl
Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on Social Learning Theory in rural adolescents.
Materials and methods: This is a community intervention design. The intervention group (73 subjects) received 3 educational sessions. The control
group (48 subjects) received one educational session. The outcome variables were knowledge and attitudes related to oral health and oral hygiene.
Biodemographic variables were also measured. One observer was calibrated for oral hygiene index (inter-observer kappa = 0.9). Measurements
were taken at baseline and at 1, 12, and 24 weeks post intervention.
Statistical analysis was carried out with SAS 9.1. Repeated measure model were used for statistical analysis. The study was approved by the Bioethical
Committee at the University of Talca.
Results: At baseline, intervention and control group were similar in regard to: age, gender, mother’s educational level, knowledge, attitudes, and
brushing frequency. Experimental group had a statistical significant better oral hygiene than control group. Ten percent attrition was observed at the
end of the follow-up period.
Oral heath related knowledge improved over time in both groups. However, intervened group had better knowledge than control group (p< 0.05)
during the whole studied period. Oral health attitudes improved after the intervention in both groups. The improved attitude was maintained over the
study period. There is no change in oral hygiene over time in both groups. However, intervened group had a good oral hygiene at baseline.
Conclusion: The major change over time was observed in knowledge of adolescents followed by oral health attitudes. However, no change was
observed in oral hygiene. One reason for these results could be that intervened group had already reached good level of oral hygiene, which is more
difficult to improve than a regular or poor hygiene.

KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL CARIES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ITS PREVALENCE
BAHENA, ERICO.*; BOER, FARLI APARECIDA CARRILHO; PINTO, LEILA MARIA CESARIO PEREIRA; GREGOL, LUISA RECH GOMES; KAZAI,
MARIA LUIZA HIROMI IWAKURA
Corresponding author: Érico Bahena Bahena - bahena.erico@hotmail.com
Affiliation: Otra extranjera
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of parents who participate in an educational and preventive dentistry program on the prevention
of dental caries, relating it with the prevalence of this disease in their children, and to compare these results with a population without this care model
dentistry.
Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study was composed of 277 pairs parents / children of 5 years, divided into two groups: GA - 122
children participating in educational and preventive dentistry program’s Bebê Clínica, Londrina State University (southern Brazil), and their parents;
GB - 155 children in the city of Telêmaco Borba without this care model, and their parents. Questionnaire was used to parents checking socioeconomic
and cultural status and knowledge about prevention of dental caries. In children, there was oral clinical examination, evaluating the dmft index.
Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square.
Results: Caries prevalence was 22.0% (dmft = 0.5) for group A and 60.4% (dmft = 2.7) for B. It were associated with caries (p <0.05) for both groups,
variables such as lower education and family income of up to 3 salaries, and for group B, which showed that the more associations, start oral hygiene
/ grooming above 1 (one) years of age, believe in the tooth cavity is the first sign of decay and that the child can sleep nursing.
Conclusion: It follows: socioeconomic and cultural factors and parents’ knowledge about prevention of dental caries are associated with the prevalence
of caries in children.

CARIES PREVALENCE IN PREGNANT PATIENTS OF CALBUCO’S HOSPITAL
Peña y Lillo, Verónica*; Rosa, Marcela; Hirsh, Ronald; Villegas, Mónica
Corresponding author: Verónica Peña Y Lillo Zumelzu - veronika86@gmail.com
Aim: To explore caries prevalence in pregnant patients attached to dental GES program of Calbuco’s Hospital among February and July 2010.
Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross sectional study was carried out in a universe of 151 pregnant patients that assisted to dental service
of Calbuco’s Hospital in a period of six months since February 2010. The oral exams were carried out by two clinicians previously calibrated. Caries
presence was established with OMS criteria in Oral Health Survey Basic Methods for epidemiological studies. The analysis of the information was
made with statistical program Stata 9.0.
Results: In the study group, caries prevalence was 98%, with an age average of 24,4 ± 6,8. 51% of them were multiparous. DMFT index average
was 12.8 ± 5.0, corresponding to 6.9 decayed, 3.3 filled and 2.5 missed.
Conclusion: High caries prevalence founded in the study group reinforce the importance of health politics, that incorporate the odontologic component
during pregnancy, especially in a population with middle-low socioeconomic status and high risk like Calbuco.
ANALYSIS OF DENTAL EMERGENCIES AT HOSPITAL OF CURACAVÍ
Manzur Nicole; Calderon Camila*; Manzur Diego; Nuñez Claudia
Corresponding author: Nicole Manzur Naoum - nicolemanzur@gmail.com
Aim: Analyze the profile of the dental emergencies demand at Hospital of Curacaví.
Materials and methods: Cross sectional study in 654 patients with GES notification registration in outpatient dental emergencies in SIGGES, who
were admitted between January and December 2009. The evaluated variables were: sex, age and pathology presented.
Results: The demand was higher in women (60.6%) and the average age was 32 years old. Odontogenic infections represent the most prevalent
group (77%), followed by Pericoronitis (13.4%), Post extractions complications (6.5%) and Dento Alveolar Trauma (3%). In Odontogenic Infections,
48% was Pulpitis and 19.4% Submucosal abscess.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of oral infections in the population is due to poor oral conditions of the population, which is associated with delayed
treatment of caries.
Therefore, prevention becomes more important and also the early detection of disease.

EFFECTS OF THE INHIBITED LAYER IN ADHESIVE RESISTANCE OF COMPOSITE
Paul Renato*; Muñoz Fernanda; Alvarez Macarena; Gutiérrez Jorge
Corresponding author: Renato Paul Guerrero - alvarezhmaca@gmail.com
Affiliation: U. DEL DESARROLLO Concepcion
Aim: To compare the effects of oxygen inhibited layer in the adhesion degree in composites.
Materials and methods: 60 self cure acrylic cubes were made 3 cmX 1 cmX 1,5 cm. A composite cylinder ( TPH Spectrum) of 8 mm height and 4
mm diameter was placed into the cube, following the ADA instructions. The cylinder composite were submerged 5 mm into the acrylic and radomly
divided in 2 groups of 30 preparations each.
GROUP A: composite with inhibited layer ( IL) A.1) With acide and adhesive A.2) Without acide, without adhesive A.3) Without acide, with adhesive
GROUP B: Composite cylinders without IL. B.1) With acide and adhesive B.2) Without acide, without adhesive B.3) Without acide, without adhesive.
Each group was tested using Instrom machine 3369, The objective was to measure bond strength of IL of increments of load of composite. The cut
strength applied in the interface was measured at 0,005 at 250 mm/min charge speed and 50 KN of maximum strength.
Results: This study showed that those groups that conserved the IL ( A1 to A3) had lower level of bond strength that B. B3 had the highest bond
strength level. In this group , an average load of 170,849 N and 13,603 Mpa of cut effort showed a higher bond strength than group B1 ( average
load 170,183 N and cut effort 13,59 Mpa)
The lower levels were found in A2: 70,228 N and cut effort 5,368 Mpa.
Conclusion: From a dental material pint of view and the chemistry of the study, we can conclude that bond strength resistance were higher when
IL was eliminated. It seems to be more important, in the adhesive technique, to apply composite adhesive than to apply acide.

PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN DENTAL STUDENTS
Acevedo Avila, Pamela Andrea *; Soto Subiabre, Verónica Beatriz; Segura Solano, Cristina Angélica
Corresponding author: Pamela Andrea Acevedo Avila - pamela_a_a@hotmail.es
Aim: To characterize and to describe the presence of musculoskeletal disorders in dental students of Universidad Austral de Chile
Materials and methods: A self response questionnaire was applied to 206 students between second and fifth year to the end the academic semester.
The questionnaire include questions about generals antecedents, type, location, intensity and frecuency of symptoms, and moment of day appears.
Data were tabulated and analizad by SPSS statistics.
Results: Of total of 282 students, 206 response the questionarinire (response rate 73%). The 83% (n=171) of surveyed students reported some
musculoskeletal disorders.
The presence of discomfort was increasing, with the highest result in fourth year, where 91.5% (n=54) of students reported any disorders.
Of the total of men who answered the questionnaire a 75% (n=89) of men revelated musculoskeletal disorders, compared to 89% (n=117) of women.
In both the most frequent disorder was fatigue. In men the regions most prevalent was the midback and in women the neck and shoulder. The higher
intensity of the symptoms was located in women at level 4 and men at level 3 (VAS). There were four cases, two men and two women, who reported
extreme intensities of 9 and 10.
A 1,8% (n=3) of students responded that the symptoms were presented “always” at the beginning of semester, and increasing to 15% (n=26) at
the end of the semester.
The moment of the day that presents more musculoskeletal symptoms it was the end of clinical work, with 42,7% (n=73).
Conclusion: A high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was found with more than 80%, this could be related to increasing clinical work.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DENTAL TISSUES UNDER DIFFERENT PROCESSES OF DEMINERALIZATION
Vargas Sebastian *; Zamorano Sebastian ; Vega Roberto ; Devias Matias; Valdivia Ruby ; Katoh Motoe
Corresponding author: Sebastian Vargas Vidal - sebasvavi@hotmail.com
Aim: Establish techniques Histology and Immunohistochemistry conservation of cell morphology and antigenicity of the tooth exposed to different
processes of demineralization.
Materials and methods: Heads of mice ICR / JCL Ana were demineralized in Morse solution, EDTA 4.5% EDTA 10% and 15% formic acid with 9
heads for each demineralizing. Serial sections of 4 ºm focused on tooth tissue were subjected to histological staining, which were processed for
hematoxylin and eosin staining also was performed Masson trichomes. Subsequently a immunohistochemical staining with the location of the A1/A3
Pancitoqueratina.
Results: The formic acid is little conservation of the morphology and antigenicity to the study group within the other evaluated the 4.5% EDTA excellent
results expressed in the integrity of the tissue to the intensity and color definition of the nucleus, cytoplasm and collagen fibers, as also other lower
demineralizing resultandos. But the intensity of immunostaining achieved by 4.5% EDTA expresses the best results.
Conclusion: We conclude that the 4.5% EDTA preserves cell morphology and antigenicity better than the other studied demineralizing

TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES IN PRIMARY DENTITION
Ortiz Maria Eugenia; Vieira Nancy*; Carrasco Marcelo ; Uribe Sergio
Corresponding author: Nancy Vieira Castro - odonto@uach.cl
Aim: To report the prevalence and incidence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in primary dentition treated at the Dental Service of Valdivia Hospital
between 1994 to 2009.
Materials and methods: All of the cases (n=1,939) of dental trauma which had involved primary teeth between January 1994 and December 2009
were reviewed. Andreasen’s classification of traumatic dental injuries was used to determine the type of traumatic dental injuries.
Results: We found 278 cases. Most of the dental injuries occurred in two teeth (49.6%) or one tooth (40.4%). The most frequently encountered type
of dental trauma in primary dentition was subluxation (24.6%) followed by lateral-luxation (21.7%). The most commonly traumatic injured teeth were
5.1(55.7%), 6.1(22.5%) and 5.2(10%). The most frequent place of occurrence was home, and the most frequently reported etiology was child’s own-
height fall.
Conclusion: Most of the traumatic injuries to primary dentition involves two teeth and lesions to soft tissues. Education information should be focused
to parents in order to search for assistance right after trauma occurrence to minimize sequelae.

PREVALENCE OF MALOCCLUSION IN PRESCHOOL PATIENTS, PUERTO MONTT
Lantaño, Carolina*; Diaz, Christian
Corresponding author: Carolina Lantaño Pinto - caro.lantano@gmail.com
Affiliation: U. SAN SEBASTIÁN Puerto Montt
Aim: The present study has as main objective to determine the malocclusion prevalence in preschool children aged 4 and 5 years of both sexes in
the period between March and December 2009 in Puerto Montt, Chile.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was performed, analyzing 360 preschoolers, 4 and 5 years old of both sexes belonging to municipal
and private educational establishments in the city of Puerto Montt, Chile. The sample was determined by a random sample. Data collection was
performed by visual clinical examination of direct and indirect, intraoral and extraoral evaluating the presence of malocclusions in vertical planes,
sagittal and transverse universally using standardized criteria. The data were stored and analyzed in the statistic software PASW STATISTIC 18.
Results: Of the universe studied, 59.7% had malocclusions. Of the total affected 43.1% had a single type of malocclusion. The anomalies in the
vertical plane were the most numerous with 34.7%, of which 21.1% were open bites. In the sagittal plane with a total of 17.5% was similar between
cross bites values (6.4%), bis-bis (4,7%) and increased overjet (6.4%), and in the transverse plane results showed a total of 25.3% affected, having
a higher percentage of displacement of midline (15.8%) and unilateral cross bites (4.4%). Malocclusions were distributed in similar proportions in
both sexes, being five years preschool the most affected.
Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in preschool children in the Puerto Montt city is high; therefore the probability of attending patients
with these disorders is significant. For this reason is very important a complete clinical examination to achieve prevention and interception of
malocclusion at an early age.
SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY DURING THE YEARS 2009-2010 OF CONADEO
Devia Matias*; Zamorano Sebastian; Diaz Angelica ; Vega Roberto; Katoh Motoe; Valdivia Ruby
Corresponding author: Matías Devia Bastías - msdb.kat@gmail.com
Aim: To identify and compare CONADEO productivity in different areas, during his last two releases.
Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective quantitative study of scientific papers presented in 2009 and 2010 CONADEO. Information
was obtained from digital records of Congress. The information is organized according to all accepted papers, work area (which was subdivided into
two categories according to the authors belonged year), and according to the institution of ownership of the researchers.
Results: The year 2010 were accepted 100 works, which were divided into RB n = 50, TI and CC n = 29 n = 21. Of all the papers accepted this year,
the University of Chile grabbed 33% (n = 33), splitting into RB n = 15, TI n = 13 CC n = 5. The year 2009 will be accepted 50 papers, which were
divided into RB n = 20, TI = 14 and CC = 16. The Mayor and the U. University de la Frontera were 13 papers (26%).
Conclusion: The productivity has increased considerably from 2009 to 2010, this may be due to the physical place that houses the CONADEA XV
2010, was the U. Chile’s Metropolitan Region, where more than half of universities offering dentistry.
Moreover, in both years, as the largest amount of accepted papers at the universities hosting the Congress. In the case of U. Mayor in 2009 focused
on 26% of the work and the U. de Chile 2010 33% of the total.
Abstract Nº 137 - Nutrition

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN GES PROGRAM
Parra, Nicolás *; Villagrán, Daniela; Contreras, Julio
Corresponding author: Nicolás Parra Galdames - nico040386@hotmail.com
Aim: To describe oral health and nutritional status of patients aged 60 years who belonged to the GES program “integral oral health” and to analyze
associated factors.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in 50 patients (40 female) of family health centre number 1 of Rancagua in October-November 2009.
A protocol that collected the information of oral health (Sheets dental clinics), quality of life (GOHAI) and nutritional status (MNA) was realized. Informed
consent was performed according to the declaration of Helsinki. Mann-Whitney, Fisher’s exact test and Pearson correlation for statistical analysis
was used.
Results: 92% with BMI between 18.50 and 29.99. According to MNA, 22% of the sample was at risk of malnutrition. The information delivered from
the dental clinics sheets revealed that the 88% have caries (4.5 ± 2.98) and the 72% periodontitis, according to indexes of COP and PSR respectively,
with an average of 14.7 ± 9.51 teeth present in mouth. 50% was using dental prostheses. No differences were found when comparing by gender,
BMI and MNA. 28% had xerostomy, with a high prevalence (55%) in patients with nutritional score lower than normal (21%). The impact of oral health
on quality of life did not differ when compared by sex, BMI and MNA. No correlation between BMI and MNA, BMI and MNA GOHAI or between GOHAI
was found.
Conclusion: The oral health status in this sample is very poor and shows no association with nutritional status. The use of qualitative methods of
nutrition could demonstrate that association.
Abstract Nº 138 - Nutrition

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES (ECC) AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS.
Rodríguez, Carolina; Barudy, Esteban*; Cassuni, Giorgio
Corresponding author: Esteban Javier Barudy Cardenas - estebanbcster@gmail.com
Aim: Assess oral health and nutritional status of children treated at Consultorio Externo Valdivia and seek a probable association between: early
childhood caries and nutritional status.
Materials and methods: Census Cross sectional study. The sample consisted of 95 children, between 2 and 5 years, examined on Monday during
May, June and July 2010. 61 children met all the criteria. Inclusion criteria: enrolled in the Consultorio Externo Valdivia, healthy child control and
presence of full deciduous dentition. Exclusion criteria: systemic illness and mental retardation. The data were obtained from the parents history,
dental examination and medical record. The variables studied were: weight, size, nutritional diagnosis, baby bottle feeding at night, dmft. The nutritional
information was stratified according to the instructions for Anthropometric Assessment of children under 6 years of MINSAL. The tabulation and
analysis was performed in the program PASW STATISTIC 18.
Results: 55.7% were classified nutritionally normal and 32.8% as overweight. The dmft average was 2.4. 37.7% baby bottle feeding at night and
42.6% had ECC. The chi- quare to the variables of nutritional diagnosis and diagnosis of ECC a value of 1.57. and P value 0,815.
Conclusion: A high percentage was nutritionally classified as normal or overweight, which is correlated with the nutritional situation in Chile. Almost
half had been ECC diagnosed and baby bottle feeding at night was common, being a major risk factor in the development of this disease. The dmft
average is within national values that the MINSAL delivered. An association between ECC and nutritional diagnosis could not be demonstrated.
Abstract Nº 139 - Education Research
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING AND SEMINARY. PUBLIC HEALTH COURSE. PREGRADE DENTISTRY.
*BUSTOS ALVAREZ IVONNE PATRICIA; NÚÑEZ FRANZ MARÍA LORETO
Corresponding author: Ivonne Patricia Bustos Alvarez - ipbustos@utalca.cl
Aim: Determine the effectiveness of two methodological strategies based on active student learning: Seminary and Problem based learning (PBL)
in dentistry students, 5º year, University of Talca, for development competences in the Chilean Health System and Social Security.
Materials and methods: In 2007, one traditional strategy was developed, Seminary. The subject was assigned to 5 students that produced one
document and completed an traditional class which served to guide the rest of classmates (n=60). In the next year, the Problem Based Learning
strategy was used. First, the problem was presented, then learning needs were indentified, the students formed 10 groups of were stable learning
(n=50), completed looking at information in collaborative ways and finally resolved the problem. In both courses the activities were monitored by the
same tutor and were developed in eight hours of face-to- face work. At the end of each activity, each group was given the same evaluation (17
questions, with a 60% requirement), which contained two open questions items, one oriented to the problem solved and another with theory questions
related to the topic. A performance pattern was used for the instrument’s qualification.
Results: The difference in the results of the evaluations with both methodological strategies was statistical significant (p<0.05). The mean of the
Seminary course was 3.26 (DS=1.55) and the mean with PBL was 5.41 (DS=1.08).
Conclusion: The results founded support the PBL incorporation as a methodological strategy to use for Public Health’s teaching in the Dentistry
career at the University of Talca.

INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTENTS OF ENDODONTIC TREATED TEETH.
Maggiolo, Silvana*; Dreyer, Erik; Contreras, Rubi
Corresponding author: Silvana Maggiolo Villalobos - silmagg@yahoo.com
Aim: Evaluate the contents domains of endodontic exposure to oral environment, ways of making post space preparation and conditions require
doing the post space preparation
Materials and methods: To 28 dentists (16 woman and 12 men) 24 general practitioners and 4 specialists who attended a continuing educational
course on these topics (one direct and two indirect credits), a pre/ post test was applied to them after at the beginning and once finishing the course.
The contents were: re treatment after endodontic exposure to oral environment instruments and condition for Post Space Preparation. After 3 sessions
of lectures and 3 simulations the post test was applied, (25 students took the post test). Results were expressed in frequencies.
Results: Re treatment after endodontic exposure to oral environment pre/post test: 6 hours n=2 (8%)/n= 2 (8%), 48 hours n=4 (15%)/n=18 (72%),
one week n=5 (18%)/ n=1(4%), two weeks n=7 (25%)/ n=1 (4%), one month n=6 (22%)/ n=1 (4%) and others n=4 (15%)/ n=0. Instrument for Post
Space Preparation pre /post test: Hot instrument n=5 (18%)/ n=8( 32%), Largo drill n=9 (33%)/ n=12(48%), Gates Glidden Drill n=6 (22%)/n=0,
Combination n=0 / n= 2 (8%)others n=2 (8%)/n=4 (16%). Condition for Post Space Preparation pre/post test: Cotton rolls and high speed vacuum
n=12(43%)/ n=2(8%), only cotton rolls n=1 (4%)/n=0, rubber dam n=17 (61%)/n=25 (92%)
Conclusion: A continuing educational course was efficient mainly to modified contents of condition for Post Space Preparation and Time of Exposure
and re treatment

SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION OF CHILEAN DENTISTRY IN XXI CENTURY.
Cartes, Ricardo*
Corresponding author: Ricardo Cartes Velasquez - cartesvelasquez@gmail.com
Aim: To characterize personal, institutional or national scientific output is an increasing need to understand and improve the generation of knowledge.
The aim of this paper is to define the bibliometric profile of chilean dentistry in the first decade of the XXI century.
Materials and methods: A search was perfomed in WOK platform using an algorithm to define ISI chilean dental publications. Data: number of
publications, impact factor (IF), TOP-10 for: authors, institutions, journals and coauthored countries are shown for the period 2000-2009 and its five-
year periods.
Results: The total number of publications was 174, with an annual average of 10.8 and an IF of 1.08 for the first five-years, numbers increased to
24.4 and 1.80 respectively in the second ones. Regard the authors highlight Gamonal; in institutions the UChile followed far behind by the UdeC
and other universities that have improved their participation in the second half as UFRO, UMayor, UValpo and PUC; in international cooperation
Spain, USA, Brazil and Sweden, albeit with lower rates; regard to journals detach from periodontology and in the second half two non-dental chilean
publications.
Conclusion: Scientific production increased by 126% and impact by 67% between periods of five years, hope numbers, but still very far from the
big producers nations. The UChile maintains absolute leadership over the whole period, with the emergence of other universities in recent years,
which is valuable in terms of diversifying and increasing production not only in sources but also subjects. Regarding international cooperation is also
improved, although still showing low percentages.
The dental scientific production in Chile has shown a noticeable rise over the first decade of XXI century. It should be enhanced the production from
more universities and international cooperation.
IMPACT OF TEACHING PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY IN STUDENTS OF VALPARAÍSO
De Gregori, Mary Ann *; Vargas, Paulina; Quiroz, Mariela
Corresponding author: Mary Ann De Gregori Norman - manadegregori1@hotmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study was to determinate the impact of teaching preventive dentistry in oral health indicators of undergraduates dental students
at the University of Valparaiso in 2006- 2007 and 2009.
Materials and methods: The study population was 52 students of fifth and sixth grade at dental school of the University of Valparaiso, in the city
of Valparaiso (fluoridated water). The average age of 22 years . The subjects were underwent an oral clinical examination and Bite- Wing X-Rays
were taken under standarized conditions for both posterior mouth quadrants. DMFT /DMFS was used to determinate prevalence of caries. Oral
health was assessed through Green Vermillion index. The data obtained was introduced into a database and analyzed with an SPSS (version 15.0).
Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Shapiro-Wilk test were applied to numerical variables, Pearson chi-squared test and Wilcoxon was used to compare
qualitative and quantitative variables, The Pearson correlation test was used to analyze correlations between variables.
Results: Caries prevalence during the years 2006-2007 was 8.46 (COPD) and 11.13 (COPS). In 2009, these values showed an increase of 39.6%
(DMFT= 10.04) and 36.8% (DMFS=14.02). Regarding Oral hygiene (OHI), for the years 2006-2007 the average score was 24.53% (Regular). In
2009, the average observed was 20.71% (Good). With an improvement of about 18% for OIH between the two periods.
Conclusion: Impact of knowledge in preventive dentistry in oral self care students, are not decisive in the high prevalence of caries. however, there
is a better mechanical control of biofilm among students, shown as an improvement in oral health index. This reflects an acquisition of healthy oral
habits as they progress through the years of study of the career.

QUALITY OF ACADEMIC WORK ENVIRONMENT IN A CHILEAN DENTAL SCHOOL
Somariva, Claudia*; Moncada, Gustavo
Corresponding author: Claudia Sommariva * Miranda - francoz@vtr.net
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of academics about their working environment in a Chilean Dental School.
Materials and methods: An electronic questionnaire of 60 questions was administered to 83 academic members for the first half of 2010, involving
43 men (53%) and 38 women (46.91%), mean age 41.98 years (range 24-80) in the following areas: A: Motivation for teaching, B: motivating
situations, C: Demotivating situations, D: Proposed solutions. Data were analyzed by frequencies (SPSS v12.0)
Results: Responses grouped by subject are expressed as a percentage of the highest recorded frequency. A: Vocation28.9%, Commitment and
ownership 24.5%, Continued education 15.7%, Research10.9%, Contact with students 9.6%. B: Contact, interaction and satisfaction with students28.9%,
Teaching stamped Universidad de Chile 8.4%, Teaching 7.2%, Contact with Colleagues 6%, Continue learning 6%, InvestigaResearch6% Personal
Development3.6%. C: Low salaries 14.5%, Administrative bureaucracy 9.6%, Insufficient time 7.2%, Negative environment6%, Feeling valued/respected
6% , Lack of funds 4.8%, Academic career4.8%, Transparency 4.8%, subjects Coordination 3.6%, unmotivated students 3.6%, Labour Lack Team2.4%,
Excess of students power2.4%. D: Improving salaries 15.7%, Better communication8.4%, better management 7.2% Consider academic stimulus
4.8%, Academic retention3.6%, increase hours3.6%, More contact with other colleges of the same Universidad 2.4%.
Conclusion: In academic dental work environment was observed vocation, commitment and belonging, however, those perceptions was accompanied
with weaknesses in university management and interpersonal relationship.

THE USE OF CLINICAL PHOTOGRAPHY BY CHILEAN DENTAL PRACTITIONERS
Rosas, Cristian*; Rubí, Rafael
Corresponding author: Cristian Rosas Méndez - cristianrosas@gmail.com
Aim: To assess the use of clinical photography by chilean dentists and students, and identify reasons for using or not, equipment used, level of
training and level of utility that give
Materials and methods: An email with a questionnaire about clinical photography was distributed to 4,481 chilean dentist and students from Chilean
Dental Association and Facebook databases. The data collected was analysed statistically with SPSS software.
Results: One hundred and thirty-three replies were received (response rate 2.96%). Most of the respondents (82.7%) use clinical photography. Of
them, most use it for diagnosis, treatment planning or treatment evaluation (61.8%), with compact digital camera (73%), without training in dental
photography (54.6%), and use it only in more complex cases (61.7%). Those who do not use clinical photography (17.3%), most report that their
main reason is not to be trained (60%), and indicated that clinical photography is useful or essential (60.9%) and will use it in the future (87%).
Conclusion: Those who use clinical photography, use it for diagnostic, treatment planning and treatment evaluation, with no professional cameras
and without training in dental photography. The main reason for people who do not use it is the poor training or instruction, however, they consider
it useful or essential, and will use it in the future. Clinical photography courses are required.
EXPECTATIONS OF FURTHER STUDIES OF SIXTH GRADE DENTISTRY STUDENTS
Segovia, Jaime*; Rojas, Carla
Corresponding author: Jaime Segovia Chamorro - jsegovia@gmail.com
Aim: To describe the expectations of postgraduate studies of sixth grade dentistry students of the University of Valparaíso (UV).
Materials and methods: It was asked to all 66 students to complete a voluntary questionnaire which included age, sex, expectation of studies, type
of course that would take in the first instance, interested in future courses, immediacy of the specialty, area of interest, university of choice and type
of financing. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v17 software.
Results: 56 students answered the questionnaire (84.85%), and 35 were women and 21 men. The average age was 24.38 ± 1.25 years. All students
wishing to pursue further studies of some type, Diploma was the highest interest in the first instance (33%). 44.6% want to perform the specialization
or master’s degree after three years of graduation, while 30.4% want to do it within the next two years, 7.1% wants to study immediately in the next
year, 17.9 % have not thought of yet. The three areas of specialization with the highest percentage were Oral Rehabilitation (41.1%), Periodontics
(16.1%) and Endodontics (14.3%), while no preference on Maxillofacial Surgery and Maxillofacial Radiology was noted ( 0%). The preference to study
in the UV was 32.7% in first, 29.1% in second and 13% in third place. In relation to funding, 53.6% think to self-finance their studies, 33.9% plan to
use a bank loan, 8,9% the funding will be with familiar resources, and only 3.2% will postulate to a scholarship from General Dentists of Zone .
Conclusion: All the sixth grade dental students of the UV wish to continue postgraduate studies with a wide range of preferences in area of
specialization, time of completion, college selection and financing.

EFFICIENCY AND CURRICULUM LOAD ASSOCIATED WITH PEDAGOGICAL MODALITY
XAUS G.*; LEIGHTON C.; MUÑOZ A.; DREYER E.
Corresponding author: Gloria Xaus Aguayo - gloriaxa@gmail.com
Aim: To evaluate the impact of curriculum design in the disciplinary efficiency in Operative Dentistry senior dental student.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted among senior dental students during the years of 2008,2009 and 2010 with a total of 103, 103
and 124 students respectively.
An ad-hoc instrument was design to collect information for the students. All sub competences achieved by the students were collected at the end
of the first semester of 2008 with a modality of teaching by objectives (single 5 hours block) , 2009 with a modality of teaching by competences
(two blocks of 3 and 2 hours) and 2010 with a modality of teaching by competences (single 5 hours block) . Sub competences were gather among
equal ones, productivity was expressed in frequencies and averages.
Results:
Year N Students Subcompetences Average
2008 Objectives 103 1468 14.3

2009 Competences 103 1318 12.8
2010 Competences 123 1960 15.9
Conclusion: A curriculum design of a single 5 hours block shows a trend towards greater efficiency than two blocks of 3 and 2 hours for the operative
dentistry discipline independent on the pedagogical modality.

SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY IN REGENERATION, DENTAL JOURNALS CHILEAN AND IADR(CHILE)
Caros, Jorge *; Zamorano , Sebastian; Tortella , Jazmin ; Diaz , Angelica ; Valdivia , Ruby ; Katoh , Motoe
Corresponding author: Jorge Caros Lara - jfcaros@gmail.com
Aim: To determine the Chilean scientific productivity in relation to the Dental Bone Regeneration and published in magazines and IADR Dental Chilean
(Chile).
Materials and methods: All were selected dental journals in the field edited and published in Chile and abstracts of the IADR (Chile) between 2005
and 2010. To obtain the sample was searched manually and electronically from the evidence available regarding the regeneration of bone and Dental.
Selected articles were evaluated and classified according to level of evidence by two researchers independently. We applied a kappa test to evaluate
the correlation of the reviewers
Results: They were found and evaluated nine full papers, of these 30% are animal studies, literature reviews, 20%, 30% case report, 10% in number
of cases and 10% are randomized clinical trial. Other nine items correspond to abstracts presented at IADR (Chile) where all in vitro or in animals.
Conclusion: Productivity-based scientific and Dental Bone Regeneration published in Journal of Dentistry as IADR (chile) in the period 2005-2010
is low, however there is an increase of research in recent years.
Abstract Nº 148 - Oral Health Research
STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AND ORAL HEALTH. IS THERE ANY CONNECTION?
Jimenez, Sergio*; Gonzalez, Fernando; Giuliano, Claudia; Tudela, Alejandro
Corresponding author: Sergio Jiménez Rivas - sergiojimenez@udec.cl
Affiliation: Otra nacional (Chile)
Aim: The goal of this work is to assess attitude and behaviour on oral health among students, and how these are affected by the oral health knowledge.
Indeed, behavioural models state that attitude and context factors (knowledge level, for instance) affect observed behaviour.
Materials and methods: A sample of 441 primary and secondary school students was selected in the Arauco district. Sample size considered variation
level of relevant socioeconomic attributes, maximum error and confidence level.
A self-administered survey was applied in schools, previous parents’ consent. Questions were associated with the attitude (based on the expectancy-
value theory), behaviour and knowledge about oral health issues. Attitude and behaviour were measured using 5-point Likert scales, whereas the
knowledge level was recorded using closed questions about oral health practice. Socioeconomic information was also collected.
The role of oral health knowledge upon attitude and observed behaviour was analyzed. Comparison among groups was carried out using the Chi-
squared test.
Results: Attitude towards oral health was always positive, without differences among socioeconomic groups. Behaviour resulted less positive than
attitude, being negative with respect to the dental floss use, night brushing and food eating after brushing.
All socioeconomic groups showed a high level of knowledge about oral health but with respect to the minimum brushing time, fluor importance and
dental floss usage.
The Chi-squared test showed that there are no differences in attitude and behaviour among socioeconomic and educational groups. Knowledge level
is affecting observed attitude and behaviour among groups.
Conclusion: Although attitude on oral health was highly positive, this did not happen with behaviour. This is suggesting, according to attitude-
behaviour models, that there are other factors: social, affective, habit or context ones, which might be mediating between attitude and observed
behaviour. Indeed, knowledge level would be affecting attitude and behaviour and would be intervening between them.

TREATMENT NEEDS IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING 6 OR 12-MONTHLY CHECK-UPS.
Muñoz, Valeria*; Picasso, María Teresa; Ramirez, Valeria
Corresponding author: Valeria Muñoz Lorenzo - valeriamunozlorenzo@gmail.com

Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe dental-treatment needs in two groups of patients undergoing 6 or 12-monthly dental checkups.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. The patients records that included clinical examination, were retrospectively identified.
The dental needs of the sample were determined by 6 trained dentists, considering tooth restoration due to caries and preventive treatment in
permanent dentition, in a pediatric dental health center located in a low-income urban location from Cerro Navia, Santiago, Chile. These needs were
described for two patient groups, one with two checkups in the year 2008 and the other with one control in the same time period. A total of 120 patients
between 7 to 16 year-olds were analyzed (60 per group). Descriptive statistics were used. According to the characteristics of the variables, measures
of central tendency and dispersion, or tabulation were used.
Results: The proportion of men in the group with two controls was 43.3% and in the group with one control was 55%. The mean age was 11 years
in both groups. The indication of one or more dental sealants was 68% and 78.3% for one dental checkup group and two dental checkups group
respectively. New restorations due to caries showed the same distribution with 43% receiving 1 or more fillings in both groups.
Conclusion: Patients attending 6 or 12 months dental checkups did not demonstrate different restorative treatment needs. Future prospective studies
should analyze the rationale to define the frequency of dental check-ups in pediatric dentistry.

ORAL HEALTH IN THE HUMBLED PATIENTS PROGRAM, HUALPEN 2010, YEAR 2010.
Rivera Ojeda A; Gatica Corrales J; Solís Chávez B *; Espinoza Villegas L
Corresponding author: Juan Carlos Gatica Corrales - jugatica@udec.cl
Aim: Know the oral health of the beneficiaries of the Humbled Patients Program of Hualpén, during the first semester of 2010
Materials and methods: We realize an observational, descriptively of transverse court study, with a universe of 115 patients humbled of all the ages
inscribed in the program of Patients’ Domiciliary Attention Humbled of Hualpén, from May, 2010.
Results: 58 % of the humbled patients is feminine sex. 53 % belongs to the section A of FONASA. 58 % is toothless partially. 54 % of the patients
possesses prothesis, with 63 % that uses them, 57 % is complete protheses, and with 77 % of the total of protheses that are poorly adjusted. 55 %
of the patients with dental pieces in mouth, did not realize brushed, and 67 % realizes it with help of a third party, 58 % of the total realizes 3 daily
moments of sugar, and 59 % is using anticoagulants.
Conclusion: One determined deficiencies in the oral integrity, with scanty present pieces in mouth, of the present pieces a big part of they were
showing coronary severe destruction with consistent indication of dental extraction, and this we add the careless practices of oral hygiene due to
the lack of cooperation of the patient with his keeper.
CONSEQUENCES OF SECONDARY ORAL MORPHOLOGY TO SAHOS. CLINICAL FILE.
Molina, Consuelo; Gonzalez, Jael*
Corresponding author: Consuelo Molina Espinosa - con_molina@hotmail.com
Aim: Identify the alterations in the teeth arch morphology in a 12 year old patient suffering from Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hipopnea Syndrome
(SAHOS).
Materials and methods: It is carried out an anamnesis to the mother and an oral Health examination to the patient, at a CESFAM dental office in
Futrono and it was also carried out the SAHOS identification and its relation with the teeth arch morphology alterations.
Results: After carrying out an oral examination to the patient and anamnesis to the mother, it was found out : night snoring from infancy, absence
of bad habits, he has never had an appointment with the doctor due to snoring, neither has he had any examination to determine the presence of
Tonsil hypertrophy and/ or adenoids. When examining : complete definite teething according to the age, well aligned teeth, incipient poly cavities
, Absence of periodontal disease; frontal open bite, increased overjet, I molar class, deep lancet palate and moth breathing.
The SAHOS generates oxygen arterial saturation and micro awakenings that re initiate the breathing. This generates alterations in different systems
and organs and neurocognitive deficiencies. The oral structures are adapted to easy the air flow, which generates alterations in the maxillary
morphology.
Conclusion: Dentist should know that many times, the alterations in the dental arch do not come from bad habits or maxi facial alterations, but due
to SAHOS. It is detected on time, the required treatment will be the hypertrophic tonsils extraction or adenoids. When derived on time, more severe
cases can be avoided. It is important to take into consideration that a SAHOS patient will show a higher difficulty to get dental care, for the morpholic
aterations produced as a result of the adjustment of the oral structures to easy the air flow, generating alterations in the maxillary morphology such
as: frontal open bite, deep lancet palate and moth breathing.

ORAL HYGIENE INDEX IN DENTAL STUDENTS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY.
Guerrero Mariam *; Weinborn Karin; Williamson Felipe
Corresponding author: Mariam Guerrero Peralta - mariam.guerrero@gmail.com
Affiliation: U. SAN SEBASTIÁN Santiago
Aim: To determine if time studying dentistry and more specific dental education show statistically significant differences in Lindhe’s Oral Hygene Index
(1983) in dental 1st, 3rd and 5th year students of University San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
Materials and methods: A representative sample of 50 dental students of first and third year respectively, and 13 students from fifth year, of University
San Sebastián were selected, meaning, in fifth year, 100% of the class. Inclusion criteria: 1. To be a student of University San Sebastián, Dental
School, in Santiago, studying first, third or fifth year. 2. To have brushed their teeth no more than 3 hours prior to examination. 3. To have not
eaten solid food after tooth brush. Three examiners, previously calibrated, examinated Lindhe’s Oral Hygiene Index (1993) in the Adult Clinic of
University San Sebastián, dental students’ according to a pre – established protocol (1983): • A tooth brush was given to every student, and was
requested to demonstrate the oral hygiene technique he or she actually used. • An oral questionnaire was directed by the examiner. • Kits of exam
instrument, plaque revelator tablets, Sanoral bi-tone, tooth brushes, disposable glasses, data collection charts, questionnaire form.
Results: ANOVA (Variance analysis) was applied, in order to establish if there were statistically significant differences in Lindhe’s Oral Hygiene Index
(LOHI) between students of the three different groups. Sample results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean of LOHI between
the studied groups. (p<0,05)
When percentiles were assessed in the sample, first year students percentile 75 indicated a low value (38%) of LOHI. This index increases in third
year students, to finally establish in 44% in fifth year; however, these differences were not significantly different. ANOVA test was applied to establish
statistically significant differences in LOHI between men and women. Results show (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 300 WORDS)

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF CHILEAN DENTAL CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES
Jaime Cruz G.*;Alfredo Torres P;Ricardo Díaz S.; Pablo Perez C; José Caffarena R; Erik Dreyer A
Corresponding author: Jaime Andrés Cruz Gonzalez - altope84@gmail.com
Aim: To assess the quality of clinical guidelines supported by National Ministry of Health of Chile.
Materials and methods: 5 CPG were collected. They were assessed separately by 6 trained evaluators by using the AGREE instrument which
consists of 23 key items organized in six domains. Each domain is intended to capture a separate dimension of guideline quality. The global evaluation
was carried out considering the scored registered in the six areas evaluated.
Results:
Conclusion: The domains Scope and purpose, Rigour of development and Clarity and presentation register higher scores. The domains Stakeholder
involvement, Applicability and Editorial Independence register lower scores in the evaluation of CPG. The 80% of the CPG are recommended with
modifications in the worse evaluated domains. The Cleft Palatal CGP is not recommended.
Abstract Nº 154 - Geriatric Oral Research
ELDERLY WITH IMPLANTS ARE LESS RESILIENT
Dreyer Erik*; Magiolo Silvana; Barahona Pilar; Ricart Mónica; Fresno María Consuelo; Cáceres Irma.
Corresponding author: Erik Dreyer Arroyo - erikmda@yahoo.com
Aim: To evaluate the elderly capacity to cope with lack of retention of their prosthesis (adverse clinical situation)
Materials and methods: 100 elderly became the study sample. Inclusion criteria: all between 75 to 85 years old, complaining of lack of retention
60 days later after renewal of their mandible dentures. The sample was divided between the users of implants in Group A (25 men and 25 women,
average age 80.02 sd 3.43) conventional dentures, and Group B (29 women and 21 men, average age 79.42 sd 3.12) with implants retained dentures.
All sample took the SV-RES resiliency test and the evaluated dimension was “I Can” (20 questions Likert scale). Results were evaluated in frequency
and for the differences between groups non paired t test was used .
Results: For Group A, the best score item was “Trust in People” (86%, n=43), the worst score item was “Decision Making” (24%, n=12). For Group
B, the best score item was “Give my opinion” (80%, n=40), the worst score item was “Take responsibility for what I do” (18%, n=9).For Group A the
score rank between 45 to 99 average 78.56 sd 10.46. For Group B the score rank between 23 to 88 average 63.34 sd 14.85. Statistically significant
differences were found between groups A and B, p<0.001.
Conclusion: Elderly from Group B with implants retained dentures are lees resilient when compared with elderly from Group A conventional denture
users.

QUALITY OF LIFE OF OLDER-ADULTS LIVING IN RURAL VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
Mariño Rodrigo *; Tham, Rachel; Khew,Chee-Wah ; Stevenson, Christine
Corresponding author: Rodrigo Mariño Traub - rmarino@unimelb.edu.au
Affiliation: Otra extranjera
Aim: This paper reports the impact of oral health on the quality of life of dentate older adults, living independently in rural Victoria, Australia.
Materials and methods: Participants were recruited through ethnic social clubs and interviewed about oral health, general health, socio-demographics,
and quality of life using the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 12 (SF-12). The SF-12’s physical and mental health component summary scores
(PCS and MCS, respectively) were computed. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) assessed the specific impact of oral health on quality of
life. Participants were also given a clinical oral examination.
Results: A total of 152 dentate older adults were included in this analysis. Mean age was 69.2 years (s.d. 6.6), with 63.8% being female. The PCS
score had a mean value of 45.7 (s.d. 10.8), and MCS had a mean of 39.3 (s.d. 8.6). PCS was associated with age, level of education, self-perception
of dry mouth, self-perceived oral health needs (loose tooth) and dental pain [F(5,133)=7.44; p<0.0001]. These five independent variables accounted
for 18.9% of the variance in PCS. The multivariate model predicting MCS had only one significant variable (age), explaining 3.2% of the variance.
The OHIP-14 ranged from 0 to 26 with a mean score of 4.0 (s.d. 5.0). The model predicting OHIP-14 contained two significant variables: self-assessed
oral health status and perceived oral health treatment needs, [F(3,130)=14.66; p<0.0001], and explained 24.1% of the variance.
Conclusion: The present findings support a growing recognition of the importance of oral health as a mediator of quality of life. However the self-
selected sample and modest predictive power of the multivariate models suggest that further research is needed to expand this explanatory model.

PILOT STUDY: OHIP-14SP VALIDATION IN A CHILEAN ELDERLY POPULATION
León, Soraya*; Bravo, Daniel
Corresponding author: Soraya León Araya - sleon@utalca.cl
Aim: To adapt culturally and validate OHIP-14 Sp in a captive elderly Chilean population.
Materials and methods: Pilot descriptive cross-sectional non-probabilistic study. The studied population was 21 patients, 60 or more years-old
undergoing dental treatment at the Dental Clinical Center at the University of Talca, between July and August of 2010. After signing an Informed
Consent, an oral exam and a poll was completed to assess the instrument´s comprehension. Non-parametric Spearman correlation test and Cronbach´s
± coefficient for internal consistence were calculated using SPSS™14.0 software for Windows
Results: The average age was 67,9± 6,2 years; 85,7% were women and 14,3% were men. Average OHIP-14 Sp score was 19,3 ± 10,56. Dimensions
with higher negative impact were Psychological Discomfort. (25,4%), Physical Pain (17,7%) and Psychological Disability (16,3%). Higher OHIP scores
were observed in men, partially edentulous patients and those with low prosthetic functionality, although these differences were non-statistically
significant (p>0.05). Internal consistency was acceptable (0,77) considering sample size.
Conclusion: OHIP-14 Sp showed to be a valid instrument for the determination of the quality of life of the selected sample of elderly adults.
QUALITY OF LIFE IN IMPLANTRETAINED REHABILITATION IN EDENTULOUS: CLINICAL TRIAL
Espinoza Santander Iris*; Torres-Quintana MA; TirreauVictor; Aedo Joaquin; RomoOrrmazabal Fernando; Acosta Ch Sergio; Leigthon Yerko;
VonMartten A; Carvajal JC
Corresponding author: Iris Espinoza Santander - irisespinoza.patologiaoral@gmail.com
Aim: evaluate the impact of dental treatment used for rehabilitation.

Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the impact of implant-assisted rehabilitation and conventional prostheses on quality
of life related to oral health using “Profile of Oral Health Impact (OHIP-49sp) spanish version. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of
the Northern Metropolitan Service. A sample of patients who met inclusion criteria were included, the estimated size at 25% difference tolerable
previous parameters, 9.5-34,3% and 10% loss. 149 agreed to participate and signed consent. 76 received mandibular overdentures on implants,
and 73 conventional prostheses. The assessments were performed before and one month after treatment. The analysis was done by intention to
treat under the worst scenario.
Results: Both groups improved their quality of life scores related to oral health. However, the differences were greater in the implant group (mean
60 points) than for conventional prostheses (mean 39 points). The multivariate model for differences in scores before and after treatment showed
that implant treatment was significantly associated with lower values of OHIP-49Sp post-treatment (p <0.005), indicating a better quality of life. No
association was found with age, sex and marital status. Patients rehabilitated with implant overdentures were on average 19 point difference between
scores pre-and post-treatment.
Conclusion: These results suggest that treatment with implants in edentulous older adults provides a significantly better quality of life related to oral
health that conventional prosthetic treatment. Fouded FONIS SA SA#07I20025

VALIDTY OF OHIP-EDENT IN CHILEAN EDENTULOUS SUBJECTS
Mena Belén; Jorge Kay; Miranda *; Torres-Quintana MA; Espinoza Iris
Corresponding author: Débora Montes Neira - matorresquintana@gmail.com
Aim: Introduction. The instrument “Profile of Oral Health Impact” of 49 items (OHIP49) has been used internationally to measure the quality of life
and is validated in Spanish. There is a reduced English version, with applicability in edentulous population (OHIP-Edentulous) is very useful and
necessary to assess the impact and effectiveness of treatments in the Chilean population, Objective. Assess the internal consistency and reproducibility
of the instrument of the Spanish version of the OHIP-Sp Edentulous and analyze the correlation with the OHIP-49 scores Sp
Materials and methods: 73 Patients, bimaxillary edentulous , between 60 and 75, with conventional removable dentures for more than three years,
participants project FONIS SA SA#07I20025, answered the questionnair73 p e OHIP-49, in its Spanish version (OHIP-49 Sp) on three times: prior
to any treatment, one month after the end of a game of high quality conventional dentures and three to five months after completion of treatment,
applied by an interviewer calibration. areas or a year the OHIP-sp was obtained by reducing the number of questions of OHIP-49 sp in a Lickert
response version. the internal consistency of the OHIP-areas or a year sp was evaluated in the first application (Cronbach alpha). temporal stability
was evaluated by test / re-test using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two applications made after the installation of the prosthesis.
the degree of correlation between the scores of the OHIP-49 and OHIP-areas or a year sp.
Results: RESULTS. the survey areas or a year OHIP-sp presented good internal consistency alpha for the initial application, the Cronbach for the
total score was 0.7 and for each dimension greater than 0.12%. The ICC was 0.83 and the confidence interval is 0.8 to 0.78% indicating high reliability
test retest. The Spearman correlation analysis showed a high correlation with the validated test 49 OHIP-sp
Conclusion: CONCLUSION. the Spanish version of OHIP-EDENT Sp is adequate to assess the quality of life related to oral health in Chileans
edentulous subjects.
Abstract Nº 159 - Periodontal Research - Diagnosis / Epidemiology

GENETIC MATERIAL STABILITY OF PERIODONTAL PATHOGEN IN PAPER POINT: STORAGE EFFECT
Fernandez, Jennifer *; Machuca, Pamela; Madrid, Sonia; Bittner, Mauricio
Corresponding author: Jennifer Andrea Fernandez Tello - jenni.fernandez0536@gmail.com
Aim: Evaluate the effect of temperature and time on the genetic material stability of periodontal pathogens in paper point samples.
Materials and methods: Samples collection. We used 30 dogs with periodontitis diagnosis. The samples were obtained in the chosen tooth introducing,
inside the periodontal pocket, nine paper points nº25 for 20 s.
Storage Protocols. The samples were transported dry in eppendorf tubes and stored at different temperatures; at room temperature (25ºC), in cold
(4ºC) and at freezing temperature (-20ºC) and during different time periods. Three samples, transported at 25ºC, 4ºC and -20ºC, were processed
within the first 24 hours. Then, three more samples were processed after the appropriate temperature storage of 48 h. Finally, the last three samples
were processed after 96 h storage.
PCR analysis. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the presence of 6 of the main periodontal pathogens;
Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans.
Results: We observed a higher proportion of positive results at the coolest storage temperature (-20ºC, except for the T. forsythia analysis), decreasing
from 98% at -20ºC to 71,7% at 25ºC, when processed within the first 24 h. Also, we observed a decrease in the samples detection with more storage
time falling from approximately 98% (>24 h) to 63.7% (at 96 h) in samples stored at -20ºC.
Conclusion: The genetic material stability of periodontal pathogens on a paper point sample was dramatically affected by the temperature and the
time of storage. We conclude that the best protocol of samples conservation was -20ºC and a storage time no longer than 24 h.
PREVALENCE OF THE AGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCTEMCOMITANS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Rojas,Miguel Angel*; Hurtado,Rodrigo; Silva,Monica
Corresponding author: Miguel Angel Rojas Caceres - mrojasc@utalca.cl
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Agregatibacter actinomyctemcomitans (Aa) through cultures and biochemical identification
on patients with Chronic Periodontitis.
Materials and methods: 44 patients with an average age of 50.4 years (SD±10.2) were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria were to have codes
3 and 4 in PSR, not have received periodontal therapy in the last 3 months and not had taken antibiotics in the last 6 months. Samples were obtained
using paper points in the 6 deeper pockets of each patient and sown on agar TSBV to isolate Aa. The bacterium was phenotypically identified on
the plates. To confirm identification, biochemical tests were performed. Prevalence of Aa in the sample analyzed was calculated.
Results: Prevalence of Aa was 22.73%. More colonies (CFU/mL) were isolated from sites with higher level of attachment loss than sites with less
periodontal destruction. Our results are in consistency with previous studies conducted on Dutch (Sanz et al., 2000) and Chilean (Herrera et al., 2008)
population. Other reports, however, have found dissimilar prevalence rates of Aa (Timmerman et al., 2001).
Conclusion: Despite a low prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis described in some countries, the present
research found 22.72%. This prevalence is consistent with the range of prevalence reported for many other countries (20% to 40%). Prevalence of
A. actinomycetemcomitans shows a wide geographical variability.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GINGIVAL THICKNESS AND SUPRACRESTAL TISSUES IN CHILEAN PEOPLE.
Norambuena, Consuelo*; Cabezas, Daniela; Fernández, Miguel; López, Cristián
Corresponding author: Consuelo Norambuena Narváez - consuelonorambuena@gmail.com
Aim: The purpose of this study is to establish whether there is a relationship between the thickness of gingiva and supracrestal gingival tissues in
young Chilean.
Materials and methods: 25 patients who had optimal periodontal conditions were selected. The measurements were made for upper central incisors,
so the sample consisted of 50 teeth. In order to quantify in a standardized manner both the gingival thickness and the supracrestal tissues, defined
as those between the gingival margin and alveolar bone crest, the periodontal mesurements were performed at the midpoint of the mesiodistal width
of the piece. Subsequently, probing was performed to determine the thickness of the gingiva at 1 mm incisal to the mucogingival limit and then
transgingival probing to determine the amount of supracrestal tissue.
Results: It was determined by Pearson correlation test, the existence of a positive relationship between the thickness and supracrestal gingival
tissues, with a bilateral significance level 0.05.
Conclusion: Knowledge of this correlation allows us to establish that in periodontally healthy patients may be a direct relationship between periodontal
biotype and supracrestal gingival tissues, being a contribution to the field of rehabilitation and periodontal surgery.
Abstract Nº 162 - Periodontal Research - Pathogenesis

MACROPHAGE PATHWAYS OF ACTIVATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Navarrete, Mariely*; Puente, Javier; García, Jocelyn; Dutzan, Nicolas; Franco, Marìa Eugenia; Henríquez, Leslie; Rivera, Oriana; Gamonal Jorge
Corresponding author: Mariely Navarrete Riffo - marielynr@gmail.com
Aim: To determine macrophage pathways of activation in periodontitis by detection of the indirect markers IFN-≥, IL-6, IL-4 and FXIII-A.
Materials and methods: 15 patients with diagnosis of periodontitis and 15 healthy subjects were selected. Periodontitis was characterized by at
least 6 sites with PD >5 mm, CAL>3 mm and radiographic bone loss.Biopsies from all patients were obtained and processed. The presence of IFN-
≥, IL-6, IL-4 and FXIII-A was evaluated by Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry. The presence of macrophages was confirmed by detection of a
specific marker (CD68).
Results: The presence of IFN- ≥, IL-6, IL-4, FXIII-A and CD68 +, was detected by Western Blot and Inmunohistochemistry in all the samples of healthy
subjects and in patients with periodontitis.
Conclusion: The presence of IFN-≥, IL-6, IL-4 and FXIII-A indicates that in periodontitis macrophages could be activated by both pathways, producing
a pro-inflammatory (Th1) and/or an anti-inflammatory (Th2) response. More studies are necessary to determine if a preferential activation pathway
exists.
MMP-8, TIMP-1 AND MYELOPEROXIDASE AS BIOMARKERS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES
Marcela Hernández*; Jorge Gamonal; Taina Tervahartiala; Andrea Dezerega; Nicolás Dutzan; Timo Sorsa
Corresponding author: Marcela Hernandez Rios - mhernandezrios@gmail.com
Aim: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 is mainly released by neutrophils and represents a key mediator of periodontal tissue breakdown during
chronic periodontitis. It is thought to reflect the periodontal inflammation. MMP-8 activity resuts from the balance among its activators, in part mediated
by hipochlorous acid resulting from myeloperoxidase (MPO) and MMP-8 tissue inhibitor TIMP-1.
Our aim is to determine the usefulness of MMP-8, MPO, TIMP-1 and their association to identify subjets with periodontal diseases.
Materials and methods: Periodontally healthy subjects (n=20), and patients with gingivitis (n=19) and moderate to severe chronic periodontitis (n=18)
were enrolled and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained for 30s. After elution, MMP-8 levels were determined by time-resolved
immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) and ELISA, and MPO and TIMP-1 levels, by ELISA. Results were expressed as ng/mL and analyzed with StataV10
software using Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman‘s correlation.
Results: MMP-8, MPO and TIMP-1 levels increased progressively from healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis subjects, with significant differences among
all group comparisons. TIMP-1 was almost undetectable in subjets without periodontitis and MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio was not significant between groups.
A correlation between MMP-8 and MPO was present and augmented in line with the severity of periodontal destruction from healthy and gingivitis
to periodontitis subjects (r=0.59, p=0.06; r=0.64, p=0.0029; r=0.82, p<0,001, respectively).
Conclusion: MMP-8 and MPO increase in line with periodontal destruction severity. Determination of the levels of MMP-8, MPO and TIMP-1 might
be useful as adjuvant for clinical diagnosis of periodontal diseases. The association between MMP-8/MPO/TIMP-1 could reflect MMP-8 activity and
thereby, periodontal supporting tissue loss.

H2O2 STIMULATES MMP GELATINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN FIBROBLASTS FROM PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
Osorio, Constanza*; Díaz, Guillermo ; Cavalla, Franco; San Martín, Inga; Hernández, Marcela
Corresponding author: Constanza Osorio Alfaro - cotian@ug.uchile.cl
Aim: Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) present an osteoblastic phenotype. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released during chronic inflammation,
such as H2O2, generate direct cellular damage and can inhibit osteoblastic differentiation and induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines
and osteolytic matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression and activity in osteoblastic-like cells, such as MMPs -2 and -9. Both enzymes have been
involved in periodontal tissue destruction.
To determine the effect of H2O2 in MMP -2 and -9 expression and activity in PDLF
Materials and methods: We selected 10 healthy patients with indication of extraction of third molars. After the extraction PDL was obtained and
PDLF were isolated. An immunocytochemistry assay was carried out to seek the expression of vimentin, ±-actin and periostin and alkaline phosphatase
(AP) activity was determined. PDLF in passages 4-9 were treated with H2O2 /PBS in sublethal doses (experimental group, n=5) and PBS alone
(controls, n=3) for 24h after determination using a dose and time-dependent curve. To evaluate levels and activity of MMPs -2 and -9 supernatants
from culture media were assayed by gelatin zymography and densitometric scanning. Stata V10 software and t-test/Mann Whitney were used.
Results: FLP expressed vimentin, ±-actin, periostin and PA. Typical MMP gelatinolytic bands were identified in both groups as complexes of ~140
and ~130 kD and MMP-2 forms (proenzyme and active), whereas MMP-9 was not detected. There was a clear tendency of all gelatinolytic bands
to increase in the experimental group and complexes, particularly ~130 kD forms, exhibited significant elevations.
Conclusion: H2O2 increases gelatinolytic activity in FLP and might associate with periodontal breakdown under inflammatory conditions. (FONDECYT
1090461)

CANDIDA ALBICANS ON PERIODONTAL POCKETS OF SMOKER PATIENTS.
Escobar, José; *Halabí, Diego; Montanares, Hans
Corresponding author: Diego Hisham Halabi Robles - diegohalabi@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study was to identify associations between chronic periodontitis modified by tobacco and presence of C. albicans.
Materials and methods: We conducted a cross sectional observational simple randomized study, for which 34 people, of all patientes receiving care
at the Clinic of Periodontics UACH, were selected.
The size of the sample was estimated by Epidat 3.1 choosing a significance level of 0.05. Patients included were older than 18 years old diagnosed
with untreated severe chronic periodontitis. 17 smokers were assigned to a study group if they smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day and 17 non-
smoking patients were assigned to a control group. Patients with acute periodontal diseases, uncontrolled systemic diseases or immune system
disorders, and/or patients on antifungal traetment were excluded from this study
The samples were obtained by introducing sterile absorbent paper cones number 40 on periodontal pockets of 6 pre-defined teeth per person under
relative isolation. The operator did not know the patient’s group assignment. The obtained samples were transferred in Eppendorf tubes with sterile
distilled water to the institute of Clinical Microbiology UACH, where they were planted in tubes on CHROMagar. The colony growth occurs in green
positive for C. albicans.
Results: Niether the cases nor the controls had positive culture for C. albicans
Conclusion: There were no significant differences on presence of C. albicans between groups with Severe Chronic Periodontitis in both smokers
and non smokers.
IL-21 LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED CYTOKINES IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Carre, L *; Rivas, C; Dutzan, N; Rivera, O ; FRANCO, M; HENRIQUEZ, L ; GARCÍA-SESNICH, J; GAMONAL, J.
Corresponding author: Lisette Carre Benzi - lizzycarre@gmail.com
Aim: To establish trough the levels of IL-6, IL-21, and TGF-≤, a possible imbalance between Th17 and Treg in individuals with chronic periodontitis
Materials and methods: 20 healthy individuals without periodontitis and 20 patients with chronic periodontitis were selected for this study. The
diagnosis of chronic periodontitis was established by having at least six teeth with probing pocket depths (PD) ≥5mm and clinical attachment level
loss (CAL) ≥3 mm, together with extensive radiographic bone loss (in more than 30% of the periodontal sites). A sample of gingival crevicular fluid
was obtained from pockets with PS> 5mm in each quadrant by placing paper strips (PerioPaper) for 30 seconds. The samples were eluted with NaCl
0,9%. Biopsies were taken from pockets with PS> 5mm, and stored in formalin 4% for histological use or at -80º for protein extraction. The presence
of cytokines was determinate by immunohistochemistry, Western-blot, and quantified by ELISA. The statistics were performed with Graphpadprism
4 program.
Results: The presence of IL-6, 21 and TGF-≤ was detected by immunohistochemistry and western-blot in all the patients and healthy individuals. In
periodontitis patients we found higher levels of IL-6 and 21 (p<0,05), meanwhile, TGF-≤ shown similar levels between control and periodontitis group.
Conclusion: The results indicate that IL-6 and IL-21 might be involved in the inflammatory response of chronic periodontitis, which could explain
the unbalance in differentiation in favor to Th17 cells.

MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND P. GINGIVALIS GENOTYPING IN PROGRESSING PERIDONTITIS
* Silva Nora; Abusleme Loreto; Armijo Jacqueline; Saragoni Daniela; Rivera Oriana; Henriquez Leslie; Gamonal Jorge
Corresponding author: Nora Silva Steffens - nsilva@uchile.cl
Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the presence and amount of A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythia, and P.gingivalis and genotyping
by fimA of P. gingivalis in patients with progression disease
Materials and methods: The tolerance method was used, to determine progression. Subgingival samples (n= 48) active and inactive sites in 37
patients were deposited and transported in vials with 1 ml of RTF, for processing. Cultivation was used to determine levels and presence of bacteria,
which subsequently was confirmed using PCR.
Genotyping for P.gingivalis positive samples was determined by PCR. The data were analyzed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney.
Results: The frequency of isolated for Aa, Pg and Tf was 10.4, 39.6, 70.8% and 2.1, 29.1 and 62.5% in active versus inactive sites (p> 0, 05). The
average of these microorganisms in relation to the total cultivable microbiota was greater for P. gingivalis in active sites versus inactive, 23.5 and
7.4% respectively (p = 0.0025), fimA II, proved to be the more frequent genotype in active sites 56.2% (p<0.05). The comparison of the genotype
fimA II in both conditions (active / inactive) values were 56.2 / 35.5% (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: The level of P.gingivalis can have a role in the progression and perhaps allowing characterizes progression of periodontitis. In genotype,
fimA II does not account for the progression in the group studied, which indicates that other virulence factors could participate associated with this
organism.

NEW POSSIBLE MARKERS OF PERIODONTAL DESTRUCTION
Dutzan, Nicolás*; Vernal, Rolando; García-Sesnich, Jocelyn; Henriquez, Leslie; Abusleme, Loreto; Gamonal, Jorge
Corresponding author: Nicolás Dutzan Muñoz - ndutzan@gmail.com
Aim: T-helper type 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells have been detected in periodontal lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the
relative expression of Th17 and Treg-related cytokines in healthy and diseased gingival tissues and correlate them with clinical parameters of
destruction.
Materials and methods: In 10 chronic periodontitis and 5 healthy subjects, the mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-1≤, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-21,
IL-23, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-≤1 were quantified using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The levels of these
markers were compared between healthy and periodontal diseased subjects and correlated with probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss
(CAL).
Results: In periodontal affected patients, IL-1≤, IL-6, IL-21, and IL-23 were significantly over-expressed compared with healthy patients (p<0.05). In
healthy subjects, TGF-≤1 and IL-10 were significantly over-expressed compared with periodontal diseased patients (p<0.05). The expression of IL-
21 was the highest within the periodontitis group, similar to IL-10 within the healthy group. IL-1≤, IL-6, and IL-21 were positively correlated with PD
and CAL. Additionally, a negative correlation was detected between TGF-≤1 and IL-10 versus the clinical parameters of periodontal destruction.
Conclusion: These results lead us to speculate that the over-expression of IL-21 and the down-regulation of TGF-≤1 and IL-10 are new possible
markers of periodontal destruction. IL-21 might have a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
TNF-? INHIBITS TGF-?-STIMULATED REPARATIVE RESPONSES IN GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS
Arancibia, Rodrigo*; Oyarzún, Alejandro; Smith, Patricio
Corresponding author: Rodrigo Arancibia Reyes - rodrigo.arancibia@bioquimica.cl
Aim: Fibroblasts play a critical role during wound healing and chronic inflammation through the synthesis and assembly of extracellular matrix (ECM)
molecules. These responses may be modulated by soluble cytokines and growth factors present in tissues. In the present study we have evaluated
whether TGF-≤1 and TNF-± may modulate myofibroblastic differentiation and the production of ECM components.
Materials and methods: Primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were stimulated with recombinant TGF-≤1 and TNF-±. Protein levels
of ±-smooth muscle actin (±-SMA), type-I collagen, Heat shock protein-47 (HSP-47), fibronectin (FN), EDA-FN, periostin and activation of the Smad
pathway were evaluated through Western-blot. ±-SMA was identified through immunofluorescence. TGF-≤1, TNF-± and ±-SMA were identified through
immunohistochemistry in biopsies of inflamed human gingival tissues.
Results: TGF-≤1 stimulated the differentiation of myofibroblasts as evidenced by strong expression of ±-SMA and EDA-FN. Moreover, TGF-≤1 induced
the production of type-I collagen, HSP-47, FN and periostin. Co-stimulation with TNF-± and TGF-≤1 profoundly reduced the expression of all the
above-mentioned proteins. TNF-± also inhibited the activation of the Smad2/3 pathway.
Conclusion: TNF-± inhibits several cell responses induced by TGF-≤1 including the differentiation of myofibroblasts and the production of key ECM
molecules involved in tissue repair such as type-I collagen, fibronectin and periostin. This interaction between cytokines may explain the retarded
tissue repair observed in chronic inflammation of gingival tissues. The present study was financed by a FONDECYT grant (Nº1090142).

EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKE ON CELL MIGRATION AND MYOFIBROBLASTIC DIFFERENTIATION
Silva, Daniel*; Cáceres, Mónica; Arancibia, Rodrigo; Martínez, Constanza; Smith, Patricio
Corresponding author: Daniel Silva Vargas - danielbq@gmail.com
Aim: Several studies have analyzed the role of nicotine as a prominent agent affecting wound repair in smokers. Besides the effect of nicotine as a
pathogenic factor in smoking related diseases, tobacco smoke involves several components that may affect the wound healing properties of gingival
tissues. The present study was performed to analyze the roles of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and nicotine on cell survival/proliferation, cell
migration/invasion and myofibroblastic differentiation in primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).
Materials and methods: HGF were exposed CSC and nicotine. Cell viability/proliferation was evaluated through the MTS and BrdU assays. Cell
migration was assessed through scratch wound assays, nested and Transwell migration.
±-SMA production was evaluated through Western-blot.
Results: At low CSC concentrations (50 ºg/mL), but not of nicotine, HGF demonstrated a moderate increase in cell proliferation. At higher concentrations
(200 ºg/mL) only CSC induced cell death. Both nicotine and CSC induced a stimulus on cell migration (50 ºg/mL CSC; 3.2 ºg/mL nicotine) followed
by an inhibition (150 ºg/mL CSC) exerted only by CSC. Both nicotine and CSC inhibited ±-SMA production.
Conclusion: CSC may stimulate cell survival and migration at low concentrations and inhibit these cell responses at higher levels of exposure to
tobacco smoke components. Both nicotine and CSC may inhibit myofibroblastic differentiation. The above-presented results show that cigarette smoke
may not affect cell migration as previous studies have suggested when analyzing the effects of isolated nicotine. However, CSC may probably affect
gingival tissue repair by altering myofibroblastic differentiation and cell viability. Study financed by a FONDECYT grant (Nº 1090142).

EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-21 AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS PATHOGENESIS.
Diaz J*; Yañez JP; Navarrete M; Dutzan N; Gamonal J; Vernal R.
Corresponding author: Jaime Andrés Díaz Zúñiga - zaidemiaj@gmail.com
Aim: Aggressive periodontitis (AP) is an infection elicited by bacteria residing at the subgingival biofilm that lead to the destruction of the tooth-
supporting tissues: radicular cement, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. T-helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes associate with an osteodestructive
pattern of immune response and play a pivotal role in periodontal tissue destruction. IL-21 promotes Th17-cell differentiation and function; however,
in spite of the increasing knowledge regarding AP pathogenesis, the role of IL-21 in this disease remains unknown. The aim of this study is to analyze
the expression of IL-21 in AP samples.
Materials and methods: From ten AP patients, gingival biopsies were taken from periodontal lesions. Homogenates of these samples were analyzed
by immunowestern blot to determine IL-21 molecular forms. To characterize the expression pattern of IL-21, biological samples were analyzed by
immunohistochemistry. Healthy gingival samples were used as control.
Results: Higher expression of IL-21 was detected in AP samples compared with healthy controls. In addition, IL-21 immunoreactivity was associated
mainly with macrophages.
Conclusion: These data indicate that macrophages synthesize or represent the main targets of IL-21 in AP and suggest that IL-21 could be involved
in disease pathogenesis.
Supported by FONDECYT 1090046 y FIOUCH 09-8.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BLEEDING AND NON- BLEEDING SITES IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Abusleme, Loreto*; Garcia-Sesnich, Jocelyn; Rivas, Catalina; Henríquez, Leslie; Rivera, Oriana; Dutzan, Nicolás ; Hernández, Marcela; Silva, Nora;
Gamonal, Jorge
Corresponding author: Loreto Abusleme Ramos - loreabusleme@gmail.com
Aim: Increasing evidence suggest that the bleeding on probing (BOP) may provide an important insight into the inflammatory reaction in affected
sites of patients with chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Interleukin (IL)-6 and Transforming Growth Factor
(TGF)-≤1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of bleeding and non-bleeding sites, from patients with chronic periodontitis. A secondary aim was to analize
the presence and quantity of three periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
in the same sites.
Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 11 patients with chronic periodontits. The samples were taken in two periodontally affected
sites per patient, one with BOP and other without BOP. The GCF was collected using a paper strip and Inmunowesternblot was conducted to assess
molecular forms of IL-6 and TGF-≤1. These results were analyzed by densitometry.
Subgingival plaque samples were collected from each site and were placed in prereduced transport fluid (RTF) and cultured. The three periodontal
bacteria were primarily identified by colony morphology under stereoscopic microscope and rapid biochemical tests. The identity of the three bacteria
was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Significance of differences among sites for immunological and microbiological data was examined
using a statistical software.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in presence of GCF biomarkers (IL-6 and TGF-
≤1) when we compared the bleeding sites with the non- bleeding sites (P > 0.05) The microbiological data showed similar levels of P.gingivalis,
T.forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans when we compared the bleeding sites with the non- bleeding sites (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences in the measured immunological and microbiological parameters. For that reason is
difficult to establish distinctive profiles between bleeding and non-bleeding periodontally affected sites with the analyzed characteristics. Supported
by FONDECYT 1090046

PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS CAPSULAR SEROTYPES: ASSOCIATION WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND HEALTH
Vernal, Rolando*; León, Rubén; Silva, Augusto; García-Sanz, José Alberto; Sanz Mariano
Corresponding author: Rolando Vernal Astudillo - rvernal@uchile.cl
Aim: In Porphyromonas gingivalis, six serotypes have been described based on capsular (K) antigenicity. These different capsular serotypes induce
distinct dendritic cell (DC) and T-cell responses, some leading to a Th1- and Th17-type phenotype (K1-K2) whereas others triggering a Th2-type
phenotype (K3-K5). The aim of this work was to determine the association of different P. gingivalis K serotypes to either periodontal disease or health.
Materials and methods: CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated from 20 chronic periodontitis patients and 14 healthy subjects. T cells were activated
with autologous DCs primed with different P. gingivalis K serotypes at different multiplicities of infection. The mRNA expression levels of a panel of
cytokines as well as the transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3, RORC2 and Foxp3 were analyzed. To determine the frequency of CD4+ T lymphocyte
activation in response to different P. gingivalis serotypes, limiting dilution analysis were performed in 96-well plates at log 3 dilutions for 5 days. After
4 days incubation, 1ºCi/well [3H]TdR was added and
≤-emission was counted 24 hours later. T lymphocytes exposed to non-induced DCs were used as control. [3H]TdR incorporation was considered
positive when the detected counts exceeded the mean counts of control by more than 3 SD. Statistical analyzed was performed by assuming a
Poisson single-hit model.
Results: T cell response biased towards a Th1/Th17 phenotype was detected upon activation with K1 or K2, a Th2 phenotype was detected with
serotypes K3-K5, whereas a T regulatory phenotype was induced upon K- stimulation. Lower frequencies of T cells able to respond to K3-K5 or K-
were detected on periodontitis patients as compared to healthy individuals. The frequencies of T cells able to respond to K1 or K2 were higher on
periodontitis patients than controls.
Conclusion: P. gingivalis K1 and K2 serotypes are associated with chronic periodontitis and K3-K5 serotypes with periodontal health.
This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Government (SAF2007-63631 and FIS-060181).
Abstract Nº 174 - Periodontal Research - Therapy
NOVEL LYTIC BACTERIOPHAGE ELIMINATE PERIODONTOPATHOGEN FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM FORMING BIOFILMS
Machuca, Pamela*; Castillo-Ruiz, Mario; Bittner, Mauricio
Corresponding author: Pamela Machuca Valenzuela - pam.machuca@gmail.com
Aim: Evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of a lytic phage againts F. nucleatum within a biofilm.
Materials and methods: Randon mutagénesis. An isolated temperate phage called Fnp¶02 was treated for 30 min with UV radiation (265nm) obtaining
cleared lysis plaques. These lysis plaque where propagated and its bacteriolytic ability were evaluated. Growth characterization. The new phage
(Fnp¶03)was analized in its infection and growth characteristics over a planktonic culture of F. nucleatum (plaque formacion, lysis efficiency, etc).
Evaluation of phage effect on biofilm. Its effect on biofilm formation was observed incubating F. nucleatum in BHI media into 96-well cell culture plates
and treated this culture with the phage at different times and at different MOIs (multiplicities of infection). The biofilm was stained and quantified by
spectrophotometry at A595nm. In addition, the number of viable counts of each assay was obtained.
Results: Results Its was observed a significant increase in the bacteriolytic capacities of the phage Fnp¶03 compared with Fnp¶02 phage in planktonic
and biofilm cultures. Fnp¶03 was able to eliminate the 100% of the bacterial viable counts at MOI 0.1 and 0.01 when the phage was administared
after 24 and 48 hrs of incubation. On another hand, the biofilms quantification showed no significant decrease when the phage was administered
after its formation.
Conclusion: Conclusion These results showed that the bacteriophage Fnp¶03 has a potential as an antimicrobial agent against F. nucleatum, even
if this bacteria replicates within a biofilm.

EFFICACY OF TWO DENTINAL DESENSITIZING AGENTS AFTER PERIODONTAL TREATMENT
Segeur, Karin.*; Santamaría, Felipe.; Godoy, Jorge.
Corresponding author: Karin Segeur Serey - k_segeur@hotmail.com
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of two dentinal desensitizers in the reduction of Dentine Hypersensitivity after periodontal treatment, against a
tactile stimulus using a scale of pain by categories.
Materials and methods: The present Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial counted on a sample of 38 individuals of both sexes majors of 18 years
diagnosed with Dentinal Hypersensitivity, which received treatment in the School of Dentistry of the University of Valparaiso during year 2009. The
patients were assigned randomly using a double blind system to one of both groups, for the product made up of PENTA and Silica (Seal & Protect®)
and for the product made up of ORMOCER (Admira Protect®). The obtained measurements of pain were briefed in a clinical file, where the pain
was categorized using the values 0, 1 and 2 for the later creation of a data base. The Chi-Cuadrado test was applied to evaluate the statistical
significance of the relation between the reduction of the pain and the product. The level of statistical significance was 0.05 and the level of confidence
was 95%.
Results: For the product made up of PENTA and Silica there were 8 cases with a decrease of pain from 2 to 0, 7 cases with a decrease of pain from
1 to 0, 3 cases with a decrease of pain from 2 to 1 and 1 case without changes. For the product made up of ORMOCER there were 15 cases with a
decrease of pain from 1 to 0 and 4 cases with a decrease of pain from 2 to 1.
Conclusion: The product that obtained a greater statistically significant reduction of Dentinal Hypersensitivity against a tactile stimulus using a scale
of pain by categories, was the product made up of ORMOCER in comparison with the product made up of PENTA and Silica.

CLINICAL/MICROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SUPRAGINGIVAL PLAQUE CONTROL IN PACIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS
Neira, Carola*; Vinez, Juan Pablo; Bittner, Mauricio
Corresponding author: Carola Neira Rau - caroneirarau@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of supragingival plaque control in pacients with severe periodontitis on clinical aspects such as
deep and bleeding on probing, clinical attatchment level (CAL) and visible plaque index (VPI) and microbiological aspects, determining the presence
and/or absence of Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn),Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg), Tannerella forsythus(Tf), Treponema dentícola (Td) and Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival plaque within thirty days of treatment performed.
Materials and methods: 15 patients were evaluated, who underwent the diagnosis of severe periodontitis according to the diagnostic parameters
PD and CAL. Replicate measurements were made of the PD, CAL and BOP. These measurements were performed with a periodontal probe, North
Carolina (HuFriedy).
The supragingival plaque removal was performed with Cavitron Bob Cat Dentsply ultrasound, 25 kHz power with inserto Dentsply FSI 10 at baseline.
Once performed the supragingival plaque control a full mouth, it was identified three deeper sites of the mouth, were isolated in relative and paper
cones (No. 40) were introduced for 40 seconds remaining. Once removed from the periodontal pocket, the paper cone was placed in a sterile
“Eppendorf” pipe to be subjected to conventional PCR.
Thirty days after treatment carried out clinical measured and microbiological sampling were performed to the same bags.
Results: Clinical parameters show similar declines in both groups.
In the microbiological parameters, there is a significant difference in the reduction of Aa, Pg and Tf compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The supragingival plaque control decreases the clinical parameters and reduce the presence of periodontopathogens Aa, Pg, and Tf
patients.
Abstract Nº 177 - Salivary Research
RAB3D-GTPASE ALTERATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED TO SALIVARY HYPOFUNCTION IN SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME
Molina, Claudio*; Bahamondes, Verónica; Aguilera, Sergio; Albornoz,Amelina; Castro, Isabel; Sánchez, Marianela; Alliende, Cecilia; Barrera, María-
José; González, Sergio; Sung,Hsiao-Hsing; Leyton, Cecilia; González, María-Julieta
Corresponding author: Claudio Tomás Molina Castillo - claudio.molina.castillo@gmail.com
Affiliation: U. MAYOR Santiago
Aim: The secretion process involves synthesis, posttranslational-processing, formation of secretory granules (SG) and their fusion with apical plasma-
membrane. Various proteins participate in each step of this process, including RabGTPases, v-SNAREs, t-SNAREs, NSF/alpha-SNAP, synaptotagmin-
I, among others. Secretory hypofunction observed in Sjögren syndrome (SS) patients could be related to altered expression/localization of these
proteins. We studied Rab3D, a GTPase physiologically associated with mature SG in the acinar apical pole. Rab8A, which normally localizes in basal
region of epithelial cells, was used as control.
Objectives: To determine Rab3D and Rab8A mRNA and protein levels and its subcellular localization in labial salivary glands (LSG) of SS-patients
and control individuals. To correlate mRNA and protein levels of Rab3D and Rab8A with clinical parameters.
Materials and methods: LSG from 19 SS-patients diagnosed according to the US/EU Consensus-Criteria and from 17 control individuals were
evaluated. The mRNA levels were determined by real-time-PCR while protein levels by Western-blot. Subcellular localization was assessed by
immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests.
Results: In SS-patients, Rab3D protein levels decreased significantly (p=0.0001) while mRNA levels remained unchanged. Rab8A did not display
changes in mRNA neither protein levels. In controls, Rab3D was localized in the apical pole of acinar cells and Rab8A in the basal pole. In SS-patients,
Rab3D was distributed all over the cytoplasm, while Rab8A remained unchanged. Alterations in scintigraphy were associated to low protein levels
of Rab3D (r=-0.5, p=0.03).
Conclusion: Significant decrease of Rab3D protein levels suggests a posttranscriptional regulation of this protein. Rab3D ectopic localization could
induce a basolateral exocytosis in acinar cells and/or accumulation of SG by alteration of the exocytosis machinery at the apical pole. SS-patients
with altered scintigraphy showed a lower Rab3D content suggesting a negative regulation in the secretion process, which could partly explain the
salivary hypofunction of SS-patients.
Grant:FONDECYT 1080006 (MJG, SA and CM).

EFFECT OF SWEETENER ON MATRICARIA CHAMOMILE PROPERTIES IN SALIVA.
Arenas, Miguel; *Larrucea, Carlo; Larrucea, Carlos; Larrucea, Karina
Corresponding author: Carlo Andrés Larrucea San Martín - clarrucea@alumnos.utalca.cl
Aim: To compare salivary flow, pH and buffering capacity after the ingestion of chamomile tea with sweetener with basal and control.
Materials and methods: We took a group of 30 healthy subjects, between 18-23 years, with low caries risk. 4 samples of saliva were obtained: 1.
Basal Saliva. 2. Saliva Post-intake of water. 3. Saliva Post-intake of Chamomile with sweetener.
All tests were conducted under standard conditions. It was determined the salivary flow (ml/min), pH by potentiometer (PL-600, Gonda Electronics
Co, TW) and buffer capacity by Ericsson method. All data were processed by ANOVA test in Origin 6.0.
Results: The average baseline flow was 0.9 ml/min with pH and buffer capacity of 7.2 and 3.11 respectively. Post-intake of water, the flow tends to
decrease (0.4 ml/min), the pH remained relatively constant (7.22) and the buffer capacity has a tendency to increase (4.4). Post-intake of chamomile
the flow increases significantly 1.1 ml/min (p 0.05), the pH remains stable (7.34), such as is the buffer capacity (2.9).
Conclusion: The positive effect of the Chamomile on the buffer capacity reaches only similar basal levels when it is used with a sweetener. However,
the infusion of Chamomile with sweetener significantly increases salivary flow, suggesting a beneficial effect in preventing caries.

MOLECULAR FORMS OF MMP-2 IN PAROTID SALIVA OF ICRP PATIENTS.
Surot, Romina*; Pacheco, Nicolas; Ortega, Ana; Rojas, Gonzalo; Maturana, Cristian; Lozano, Carla; Urzua, Blanca; Landaeta, Mirtha; Morales, Irene
Corresponding author: Romina Surot Madrid - imorales@uchile.cl
Aim: The objective of the present study was to identify by westernblot, molecular forms of MMP-2 with gelatinase activity in bilateral parotid saliva
of Infantile Chronic Recurrent Parititis (PCRI) patients.
Materials and methods: Thirty two ICRP patients (10.7 ± 4.4 years) under surveillance at the Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery Division of San Juan
de Dios Hospital were included in the study. 17 patients were bilaterally affected and 19 had a single affected gland. Parotid saliva was assayed for
gelatinases by zymography and for MMP-2 by Western blot analysis.
Results: Trough westernblot analysis we observed a total of 17 bands with different molecular weight. Bands of >250 and 65 kDa showed gelatinase
activity by zimography. The saliva of 40 affected glands and 13 healthy glands showed the > 250 kDa band (Exact Fisher Test p=0.505). The saliva
of 6 healthy glands and 21 affected glands showed de 62Kda band (Exact Fisher Test p=0.428).
Conclusion: These molecular forms of MMP-2 with gelatinolytic activity are found either in affected or healthy parotid glands from ICRP, suggesting
a subclinical bilateral parotid involvement. Grants: FIOUCH 09-2
Abstract Nº 181 - Pharmacology, Therapeutics, & Toxicology
EXPERIENCE IN THE SUSPENSION OF ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY IN DENTAL SURGERY
Defaur, Fabiola*; Figueroa, Victor; Marin, Gustavo
Corresponding author: Fabiola Defaur Gutierrez - fabioladefaur@hotmail.com
Affiliation: U. SAN SEBASTIÁN Concepcion
Aim: Our goal is to present the experience of the anticoagulation clinic in the discontinuation of oral anticoagulants (TACO) in patients who must be
an invasive dental procedure. A secondary objective is to conduct a review of what are the management protocols for patients with TACO for carrying
out ambulatory dental surgery.
Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study, carried out a review of medical records of patients in Complex
Care Victor Rios Ruiz of the city of Los Angeles that were derived from the Dental Service and the SDA in the period January 2009 and June 2010.
We included adult patients> 18 years in TACO. We excluded patients who were not referred for specialty or had a formal contraindication to the use
of local anesthetics. For the recommendation of the protocols used the Guide to Clinical Practice “Oral Anticoagulant Therapy” developed by the
cardiology unit of our hospital asisntecial. For the tabulation, calculation of descriptive statistics and graphing are using Microsoft Excel 2007 pro.
Results: It had a total of 47 patients included in the study, 46% were women and 54%% male. In his personal total is over 18 years and the average
age in the first group was 53.5 years in 57.4 seconds and the total group of 55.1 years. 12% have family or personal history of suffering from a
hematological disease of hypercoagulability (thrombophilia), but this group only 33.3% have an etiological diagnosis. Shown in Figure 1 the total
diagnoses found and total and percentage distribution. Regarding the suspension of TACO, this was possible in 35 patients (74%) carrying out a
management on an outpatient basis. In the remaining 12 patients (26%) management should be hospitalized for management to be suitable due to
their high risk of systemic thromboembolism.
Conclusion: In conducting a teeth (Abstract TRUNCATED AT 300 WORDS)
Abstract Nº 182 - Pharmacology, Therapeutics, & Toxicology

ISOBOLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION OF ACETAMINOPHEN AND IBUPROFE
Prieto Josefina *; Miranda Hugo; Sierralta Fernando
Corresponding author: Josefina Adela Prieto Rayo - joprietorayo@gmail.com
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the antinociceptive activity of paracetamol and ibuprofen, and the degree of interaction between
them, using the isobolographic analysis in the formalin orofacial test in mice
Materials and methods: About 200 male mice of the strain CF / 1 (Mus musculus) were used, The study was conducted according to protocol
FMUCH CBA No. 238, approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile. The injected doses used were 3, 10,
30, 100 mg / kg for ibuprofen and 30, 50, 100 and 200 mg / kg for paracetamol. In the control animals i.p. saline were injected. This generates a
pain response that is recorded in two phases of behavior: an initial, during the five minutes immediately following the injection of formalin (phase I)
and a late phase of 10 minutes, measured at 20 minutes after administration of formalin solution (phase II). Then the efective dose (ED) 50 and
ED 25 were obtain of both drugs and injected together. To evaluate the analgesic interaction between ibuprofen and acetaminophen combination,
we used the method of analysis isobolografic from the Neuropharmacology Laboratory, adapted from Tallarida. Results
Results: The results obtained show that administration of ibuprofen and paracetamol produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in both
phases of the test of orofacial formalin and the used of both together results in a synergistic interaction.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the synergism of the paracetamol and ibuprofen may improve this type of therapeutic profile, since with low doses of
the components, side effects are not likely to occur, and they may be used in long-term treatments.
Abstract Nº 183 - Implantology Research

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IMPRESSION MATERIALS IN PROTHESIS OVER IMPLANT
Valdés, María de los Angeles*; Hillmer, Kenneth; Nakouzi, Jorge; Valdivia, José
Corresponding author: María De Los Angeles Valdés Pavez - angelesvaldes@gmail.com
Aim: To compare the dimensional accuracy of implant impression taken with closed-tray, one with vinyl polysiloxane, and the other one with polyether,
in relation to a master cast.
Materials and methods: A master cast made in polyurethane with five analog of MultiUnit abutment equidistant was fabricated. The sample was
divided in two groups, where they proceeded to take 10 impressions for each group. G1: Stock tray with tapered copings and putty/wash vinyl
polysiloxane; G2: Open tray with square copings and polyether. After was performed pouring impression with type V stone. Then a calibrated examiner
examined all the definitive cast to evaluate the dimensional accuracy in horizontal plane (mm), for it made measurements with a digital meter walk
between the screws of work screwed in each analog of the MultiUnit abutments. After these measures were compared with those calculated previously
in the master cast, which served as control.
Results: It Was found no statistically significant differences between the materials tested in 9 of 10 analyzed distances, and that in only 1 distance
there are statistically significant differences in favor of the vinyl polysiloxane.
Conclusion: Both the putty/wash vinyl polysiloxane, as the polyether have a dimensional accuracy in horizontal plane appropriate, since there are
no statistically significant differences between them, so that both materials allow us to obtain accurate casts, and therefore proper adjustment of future
rehabilitation.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO TECHNIQUES OF IMPRESSION OF IMPLANTS
Hillmer, Kenneth*; Valdés, María de los Angeles; Nakouzi, Jorge; Valdivia, José
Corresponding author: Kenneth Hillmer Piña - hillmer.kenneth@gmail.com
Aim: To compare the accuracy of implant impression made with closed tray and tapered copings v/s another taken with open tray and square copings
splinted.
Materials and methods: A master cast made in polyurethane with five analog of Multiunit abutment equidistant was fabricated. The sample was
divided in two groups, where they proceeded to take 10 impressions for each group. G1: Stock tray with tapered copings; G2: Open tray with square
copings splinted. After was performed pouring impression with type V stone. Then a calibrated examiner examined all the definitive cast to evaluate
the accuracy in horizontal plane (mm), for it made measurements with a digital meter walk between the screws of work screwed in each analog of
the Multiunit abutments. After these measures were compared with those calculated previously in the master cast, which served as control.
Results: It Was found no statistically significant differences between the techniques studied in 6 of 10 distances; that there were significant differences
in 3 of 10 distances, in favor of the indirect technique; and that there were significant differences in 1 of 10 distances, in favor of the direct technique.
Conclusion: Despite this small difference, which may be clinically insignificant, we conclude that both the direct technique with square copings
splinted with self-curing acrylic resin, as with the indirect technique with tapered copings can obtain accurate casts that allow us the preparation of
a rehabilitation with a passive fit.

INFLUENCE OF INSERTION TORQUE, DELAYED AND INMEDIATE EXTRACTION IN THE SUCCESS OF THE LOAD IMMEDIATE
VILLABLANCA F.* ; PARROCHIA JP. ; NAKOUZI J. ; CHIAPPE E. ; VALDIVIA J.
Corresponding author: Felipe Eduardo Villablanca Cid - villacid@yahoo.com
Aim: To analyze statistically by a prospective study the success rate and insertion torque as the condition of immediate or delayed extraction.
Materials and methods: A sample of this statistical analysis corresponds to 152 patients. The inclusion criteria considered patients older than 18
years of both sexes who received 266 implants installed, which are immediately loaded with provisional restorations. The variables were evaluated:
insertion torque to 35N or 35N and extractions over deferred and immediate, based on success or failure, assessed at the start of the final restoration.
Then statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s Exact Test
Results: Of a total of 266 implants, 124 replacements correspond to 142 individual and multiple replacements. In delayed extraction unit with the
success rate with torque to 35N: 78.26% 35N and over: 96.77%. In extractions immediate success rate of torque to 35N: 75% or more of 35N: 100%.
In delayed extraction with multiple torque to 35N: 81.48% or more of 35N: 95%. In immediate extractions torque to 35N: 82.6% 35N and over: 94.23%.
Conclusion: 1. There is significant difference in relation to the insertion torque unit replacements, regardless of the status of delayed extraction (p
= 0.01429) or immediate (p = 0.0221). 2. In multiple replacements no significant difference in relation to insertion and extraction torque differed (p
= 0.1085) or immediate (p = 0.1912). 3. These values indicate that the occlusion and splinting of the implants in many cases may be factors to consider
in the primary stability of fixations, and the success of immediate loading.

EVALUATION OF SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF IMPLANTS IN TUBEROSITY REGION
BERTRÁN C.* VARGAS P. VALDIVIA J.
Corresponding author: Carla Bertrán Delgado - carlabertran@yahoo.com
Aim: To determine the rate of success and failure in implant located in the area of the maxillary tuberosity and compare the results obtained in the
literature
Materials and methods: We evaluated 120 implants placed in the maxillary tuberosity for 72 patients treated at the Magister Osseointegrated Implant
Dentistry at the University Andrés Bello. To be considered successful, the implants should be connected or upgraded at the time of the study.
Results: Of the 120 implants, 14 failed, 12 at the time of surgery or connection phase and 2 when installing the final abutment. The success rate
obtained was 88.3%.
Conclusion: Compared with success rates reported in the literature, these results are below average expressed by various authors for implants in
the tuberosity. However, if certain prerequisites are met, improving the planning of each particular case, and is used as an anchor and pyramidal
pterygoid processes where the tuber does not possess the appropriate characteristics for implant insertion can be considered a reliable alternative
for the rehabilitation of atrophic jaws.
BIOFILM QUANTIFICATION IN IMPLANT REHABILITATION MATERIALS
Martinez, Raúl; Vargas, Pablo*; Bittner, Mauricio; Valdivia, Jose
Corresponding author: Pablo Vargas Bignotti - pvbdent@hotmail.com
Aim: To quantify the numbers of Biofilm formed over the surface of the different material used in the rehabilitation about implants.
Materials and methods: Four commonly used materials were investigated: Titanium, Zirconium, Aleation of Cromon-Niquel and termocurated acrylic
resin, from each one, 8 pieces of known dimensions were needed, four of them to make an aerobious microorganisms crop, and the rest for
anaerobious, with a total number of thirty-two units of materials. The samples were taken from a patient without any tooth, in the upper and in the
lower side, for a long time and without systemic relevance history, all this was done with the purpose of not having modifying factors of the dental
plaque. Every piece of the sample was undergone to the lab technique of 96-well microtiter plate and later to the espectofotometer for the bacterial
counting.
Results: More quantity of biofilm is formed in aerobious conditions than in anaerobious. The Titanium allows the production of biofilm in both situations
and the thermo acrilic is which allows the less production.
Conclusion: It should reinforce hygiene techniques, consider the material of the structures that will be placed in the mouth, and maintenance checks
in patients having implant restorations. The professional must emphazise the mentioned concepts, because not for offering first quality material, a
patient is safe of suffering an alteracion in the periimplanting tissues, on the contrary, these have affinity with the bacterian community known as
biofilm.

PERIODONTAL CONDITIONS AT 18-MONTHS OF IMMEDIATE POST-EXTRACTION IMPLANTS
Guzmán, Marcelo; Vergara, Carolina*
Corresponding author: Carolina Vergara Llanos - cvergara.uach@gmail.com
Aim: To evaluate periodontal conditions of Immediate Post-Extraction Implants (IPI) in the maxillary anterior zone.
Materials and methods: Twenty-two patients received one IPI every one. The sockets in the study had fully preserved walls. Immediately after
surgical procedure, all patients received a temporary restoration. Six months post-surgery, definitive restoration was cemented. The clinical and
radiographic controls were performed until 18 months. An examiner evaluated the percentage of sites with gingival inflammation, radiographic peri-
implantary status and marginal bone loss comparing radiographs at the beginning and at 18 months.
Results: All patients completed the study, and one implant failed within the 18-months follow-up period (95.4% survival rate). Gingival inflammation
was observed in the 18% of the sites but no flap dehiscence or suppuration were noted. The 95.4% of the implants presented stability and absence
of radiolucency around the implants. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.65 mm mesially and 0.84 mm distally. At the 18 months, the patients with
implants did not have pain, infection or paresthesy.
Conclusion: Immediate Post-Extraction Implants have stability and minimum periodontal problems. Future research will must to compare these
parameters with the differed technique.

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT IMPRESSION TECHNIQUES FOR MULTIPLE IMPLANTS USING POLYETHER
NAVES RICARDO*; CULACIATI MARIANNA; VALDIVIA JOSÉ.
Corresponding author: Ricardo Naves Sepulveda - dr.ricardonaves@gmail.com
Aim: Objetive: To compare the accuracy at a clinical level that provide the most used impression techniques for multiple dental implants.
Materials and methods: A polyurethane mandibular master cast was fabricated. Four parallel implants were instaled perpendicular to the occlusal
plane. From this model ten impression were taken whith squared copings splinted and sectioned, and 10 impression with tapping doping. After
completion of the V-type plaster casts plaster keys were constructed to check the passivity and setting each of the models obtained. This last parameter
was obtained from the scale created by Kallus and Bessing in 1994.
Results: Regarding the fit of the superstructure for each model obtained from the different impression techniques there were found a statistically
significant difference (p < 0.05) with the Chi-square test (p=0.02) where the impression technique of squared copings splinted and sectioned was
superior to the other techniques in study. In relation to the passivity, when applying the same statistical test, statistically significant difference was
obtained (p < 0.05), with p=0.013, noting that the square coping splinted and sectioned technique obtained more satisfactory results.
Conclusion: The most accurate impression technique for multiple implants is the sectioned square copings technique. The most imprecise technique
for multiple implants is the tapping coping. The plaster key is an excellent clinical method to verify the accuracy of the different impression techniques.
IMMEDIATE PLACEMENT OF IMPLANTS IN SITES WITH PERIAPICAL LESIONS
Bruna, Dario; *Pérez, José ; Salamé, Roberto
Corresponding author: José Ismael Pérez Lorca - jose_perez_l@hotmail.com
Aim: To analyze the available scientific evidence related to the immediate placement of osseointegrated implants in sockets with history of periapical
pathology.
Materials and methods: A MEDLINE/Pubmed data base was used to look for relevant articles from 1990 until May 2010. Combinations of keywords
and terms were used: immediate dental implant, extraction, infected implant, periapical infection implants, periapical pathology. Studies were selected
in animals and humans, in English and Spanish languages, with implants placed immediately in a site classified as periapical infected site. The control
group would be into a non-infected site. The studies in humans should have at least a year follow up. These studies were all included but the studies
in animals were excluded if they had no control group.
Results: After the search strategy, 12 publications qualified with periapical lesions and immediate implant placement, four were studies in animals
and nine were studies in humans. Results of studies in animals demonstrated high levels of implants survival, without significative differences with
control groups.
Studies in humans reported high levels of implant survival in patients with treatment protocol of the sites to be implanted. Antibiotics, PRF and controlled
used of laser, but the evidence is limited to a reduced number of studies and patients.
Conclusion: Studies in animals and humans suggest that placement of immediate implants in infected sites is a viable and predictable treatment,
however, there is a great number of authors who do not recommend this procedure, for this reason, there must be prudence when any type of
periapical pathology is present. There must be a total removal of all contaminated tissue, a controlled regeneration of alveolar defect, the use of
antibiotics and some authors recommend the use of laser and PRF.

PREVALENCE OF INCISIVE CANAL AND ANTERIOR LOOP BY CTSCAN
L. BRUNETTO*; P. VARGAS; J. VALDIVIA; G. MONCADA; R. MILLAS
Corresponding author: Luis Brunetto - luisbrunetto@gmail.com
Aim: Determine prevalence and length of the incisive canal (IC) and anterior loop (AL) of the mental nerve by CT scan (CT). Were retrospective
evaluated 28 patients by CT (Centro de Diagnóstico San Vicente de Paul). Inclusión criteria were: partially or fully dentulis patients between
interforaminal area. Older than 18 years. All exams were carried out by the same hardware (BrightSpeed®ELITE, GE, Milwaukee, USA) and software
(Dentascan). Were observed the prevalence of: IC and AL; the length mean of: IC, AL and inter-foraminal length (IFL). Data were processed by T
and Mann-Whitney test (CI 95%).
Materials and methods: Were retrospective evaluated 28 patients by CT (Centro de Diagnóstico San Vicente de Paul). Inclusión criteria were:
partially or fully dentulis patients between interforaminal area. Older than 18 years. All exams were carried out by the same hardware (BrightSpeed®ELITE,
GE, Milwaukee, USA) and software (Dentascan). Were observed the prevalence of: IC and AL; the length mean of: IC, AL and inter-foraminal length
(IFL). Data were processed by T and Mann-Whitney test (CI 95%).
Results: Were studied 28 patients (14 male - 14 female) age range: 18-81 years (mean value 54).Were analyzed 750 CT transversal cross section
images. IC was observed in 25 patients (89%) (12 male - 13 female). AL was observed in 3 patients (11%) (2 male – 1 female). The mean value of
IC length was 18,5mm(SD±5,9) (right) and 19,8mm (left)(SD±5,2). Al mean length was 12mm (SD±5,4) Right and 12,5mm (SD±3,5) left side, without
significant different between side (p=0,519) and gender (p=0,545). IFL mean was: 46,6mm (SD±3,5), (range 42-60mm) without significant different
between gender (p=0,32).
Conclusion: The incisive canal is a high prevalence in dentulis patients with a length of considerable size. The anterior loop was found frequently
but is vitally important to be aware of its existence by the various complications that could occur when this anatomical structure damage. The mean
of inter-foraminal length was 46.6mm which is considered sufficient for the installation of dental implants.
Abstract Nº 192 - Microbiology / Immunology and Infection Control
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL BACTERIOPHAGE FOR AGGREGATIBATER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS
*Castillo-Ruiz Mario; Montt Camilo; Bittner, Mauricio
Corresponding author: Mario Castillo Ruiz - mhcastilr@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of our study was to isolate and characterize a novel bacteriophage for A. actinomycetemcomitans and to test bacteriolytic effect in a
biofilm of this bacterium.
Materials and methods: The samples potentially containing bacteriophages, were obtained from patients’ saliva and from dental chairs. The
bacteriophage called Aab¶01 was isolated from waste-water of a dental chair. In order to determine the host-range of Aab¶01, plaque assays were
carried out with 29 different strains included members of other genera commonly found in human mouth and dental plaque. The phage Aab¶01 was
treated with UV radiation obtaining the viral particle called Aab¶08. For the characterization of the phage we used electron microscopy and partial
sequencing of genetic material. The effectiveness on biofilms was observed incubating A. actinomycetemcomitans in capnophilic or anaerobically
into 96-well cell culture plates and infected with phage Aab¶01 or Aab¶08 in two doses. Post-infection, the biofilm was stained and quantified by
pectrophotometry at 595 nm. The cell viability within biofilm was measured with Colony Forming Unit and confocal microscopy.
Results: We found a new bacteriophage for A. actinomycetemcomitans called Aab¶01 which was able to differentiate between serotype b and c.
Aab¶01 shown a DNA double-strand and genome size was estimated to be 30Kpb. Electron microscopy showed the phage with an isometric head
of 50-60 nm and a long filamentous tail of about 150 nm in length. Aab¶01 and Aab¶08 eliminated a 95% and 99% of viable bacterium in a biofilm,
respectively.
Conclusion: We isolated a novel bacteriophage for A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b with the capacity to eliminate bacteria within biofilms.
This work was supported by Universidad Andres Bello grants DI 48-09/R (MB), DI 24-09/I (MC-R) and fellowship from CONICYT

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF A BOLDO EXTRACT ON ORAL BACTERIA CULTURES
Aguayo, Sebastian *; Marro, Maria Francisca; Aguayo, Luis
Corresponding author: Sebastian Aguayo Paul - sebaaguayo@gmail.com
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a Peumus Boldus (Boldo) ethanolic (70%) extract on oral bacteria cultures in-vitro.
Materials and methods: Dried and fresh Boldo leaves were macerated for 6 days in 70% EtOH, filtered and mounted on a Rotavapor until complete
evaporation of the solvent. Extracts were then dissolved in DMSO to a final concentration of 4 µg/ml. Samples of oral bacteria were obtained from
healthy volunteers by means of a sterile cotton swab in inner cheek and dental surfaces, and platted on LB agar plates. After 24 hours, individual
colonies were selected, cultured in LB broth and adjusted to OD=0.1. Aliquots of 100 µl were then dissolved in 900 µl LB containing 15 µl of the Boldo
extract. After 5, 15 and 25 minutes of incubation, 100 µl of the suspension was removed and washed in PBS. The samples were centrifuged, the
supernatant was removed and the pellet was reincorporated into 1 ml of LB broth. After cultivating for 18 hours, the final OD was measured. DMSO
and LB were used as controls, and the assay was run in triplicate. T-student statistical test was applied using Origin 6.1, considering statistical
difference at the p<0.05 level. Results are shown as the OD means ± SD.
Results: After five minutes of incorporating the extract, a reduction of the OD was observed (0.11 ± 0.02) in comparison to the control (0.20 ± 0.005)
and DMSO (0.16 ± 0.01). This reduction was only significant for the dry-leaf extract (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The ethanolic Peumus Boldus dry-leaf extract reduced the relative bacterial load when applied for 5 minutes on oral bacteria cultures
in-vitro. This suggests that Boldo could be used as a potential antiseptic mouthwash.

GAP JUNCTION INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION CONTRIBUTES TO NK ACTIVATION BY DCS
Farías, Marcela *. ; Mendoza-Naranjo, Ariadna. ; Salazar, Lorena. ; Pereda, Cristian; y Salazar-Onfray, Flavio.
Corresponding author: Marcela Farías Vergara - chelalr@yahoo.com
Aim: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, therefore it is essential to study those interactions that favor an immunologic antitumoral
response. Natural killer cells (NK) interact with dendritic cells (DCs) in a bidirectional manner influencing maturation of DCs and activation of NK.
This interaction is important in immune response regulation and might be used as a potential tool in anti-tumor therapy. In recent years, many studies
have focused on the intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions (GJ) within the immune system. GJ are intercellular channels that allow
molecules to be transferred from cell to cell, avoiding the extracellular medium. Our objective was to study the participation of GJ in the NK activation
induced by DCs.
Materials and methods: NK cells were obtained by magnetic separation and DCs were generated from peripheral blood monocytes. These DCs
were further matured with TNF and loaded with tumor antigens, then co-cultured with NK cells and analyzed using: FACS, calcein transfer, ELISPOT
for INF-_ and cytotoxicity assays.
Results: NK cells express connexin 43 (Cx43) which is recruited to the site of cell-cell interaction during the immune synapse with DCs. NK-DC
co-cultured in the presence of non-specific blockers of GJ and Cx43-specific blockers show a reduction of calcein transfer by 50%. Moreover, by
blocking the GJ formation in NK-DC co-cultures both, IFN-_ secretion and cytotoxic activity of NK are inhibited.
Conclusion: GJ between NK cells and DCs contribute to the activation of NK cells and may emerge as a fundamental step in the coordination of
anti-tumor immune response.
ANTIBIOTICS SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS WITHIN BIOFILMS
Daille, Leslie* ; Herrera, Valeska; Bittner, Mauricio
Corresponding author: Leslie Keiclyn Daille Enriquez - keiiclyn@gmail.com
Aim: Characterize the morphology of the biofilm formed by clinical isolates of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and evaluate the
susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin and Tetracycline in planktonic cultures and biofilm in vitro.
Materials and methods: The Aa clinical isolates were obtained from periodontally affected individuals (PAA003 and PAA005). To characterize the
biofilm, in both early and late formation stages, 60 mm plates holding two coverslips were inoculated with cultures of the strains analyzed after 24
and 48 h incubation at 37°C on capnofilic environment. Coverslips were stained with Syto9 and propidium iodide. Samples were studied in a confocal
microscope. Then, to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the different antibiotics in planktonic culture, the antibiotic dilutions
were inoculated (1:1) with a culture of Aa previously grown. Also, we evaluated the MBC during early biofilm formation (24 h) and late (48 h) on
polystyrene plates. For both, planktonic and biofilm, the cultures were incubated for 24 h with the antibiotic and visualized by spots on BHI agar plates.
Results: The characterization of the biofilm developed by clinical isolates of Aa revealed a very different biofilm phenotype, serotype c forms a cluster-
like biofilm, whereas serotype b forms a lawn-like biofilm. Also we observed a particular distribution of the biofilm structure, in which bacteria found
in external areas would be dead (red or orange) and toward the center a higher percentage of them would be alive (green). Moreover, the evaluation
of the Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin and Tetracycline action during the progress of the biofilm revealed that both clinical strains showed a significant MBC
increase respect to that determined on planktonic cultures.
Conclusion: The biofilm of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains gives greater protection from antimicrobial agents Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin
and Tetracycline in an in vitro model.

DETECTION OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH VIRUELENCE IN STRAINS OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS
Lobos Olga; Padilla Carlos; Vásquez Sonia*
Corresponding author: Sonia Vásquez Ibarra - svasquez@utalca.cl
Aim: It could be said that S. mutans strains with more presence of genes that codify for virulence factors are associated with a higher capacity to
induce carious lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of virulence genes in S. mutans strains isolated from saliva taken from
individuals with different ages.
Materials and methods: A total of 120 both sexes individuals were selected. 4 groups, 30 patients each were formed, considering the following age
groups: 3-5, 6-9, 12-15, and older than 18 years old. DMFT and dmft indexes were determined in each participant depending on his (her) age. S.
mutans microbial count was done. Virulence gene detection of gftB, spaP and vicR was accomplished bay conventional PCR.
Results: 86,7% of the studied population had caries history. A positive association between microbial count and DMFT and dmft indexes was found.
Only 13,6% of the isolated strains were glicocalix productors. None of the isolated strains in subjects under 5 years old had this feature. 100 % of
the isolated strains showed presence of gtfB and vicR genes. 63,6% of the strains presented the spaP gen. No statistical significance was found to
associate a high bacterial count and DMFT and dmft indexes with a higher presence of genes that codify for virulence factors in S. mutans strains.
Conclusion: It is necessary to continue investigations on this line with de purpose of obtaining information to understand better the biology of S.
mutans, to caracterize its pathogenic mechanisms and to establish its cariogenic potential. This way it will be possible to face in a better fashion any
activity oriented to a caries reduction.

ISOLATION OF DIFFERENT BACTERIOPHAGES FOR AN ALTERNATIVE THERAPY IN BIOCONTROL OF FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM
Fuentevilla, Ignacio*; Bittner, Mauricio
Corresponding author: Ignacio Fuentevilla Morgado - iafuentevilla@gmail.com
Aim: Isolate different bacteriophages specific for Fusobacterium nucleatum and evaluate their potential as antibacterial agents (phagetherapy).
Materials and methods: The bacteriophages were isolated from waste-water of dental chairs and saliva from donors. First, looking for the inhibition
on the growth of F. nucleatum and then using serial dilutions we can see the plaques formed by the phage. We characterize them by electron
microscopy and compare their genome by DNA restriction assay. Specificity assay were made using the spot test with distinct species of oral bacteria
and others from normal flora.
Results: We isolated 3 different bacteriophages for F. nucleatum, called Fnp$02, Fnp$11 and Fnn$107. The electron microscopy showed all with a
binary structure with an icosaedric head and a filamentous tail. The DNA restriction assay confirmed that they were different, and the specificity assay
showed that 2 of them are generalists to the F. nucleatum specie and Fnn$107 was specific for F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum.
Conclusion: We isolated 3 different bacteriophages, specific for Fusobacterium nucleatum capable to be utilized for the specific biocontrol of this
species in a phagetherapy.
FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS IN CHILEAN POPULATION
Mujica, Cristóbal*; Daille, Leslie ; Bittner, Mauricio
Corresponding author: Cristóbal Mujica Troncoso - cristobal.mujica@gmail.com
Aim: The distribution of periodontal pathogens differs in various geographic location and racial/ethnic group. This study investigated the association
between the infection of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and bacteria of the red complex in patients with chronic
periodontitis in Chile.
Materials and methods: Subgingival samples collected from patients with chronic periodontitis with probing depths of > or =6 mm, were examined
using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers derived from 16S DNA genes of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) to determine the presence of
the five pathogens in 77 Chilean patients.
Results: The positives rates of F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia in the subgingival samples were
88.3%, 15.6%, 31.2%, 55.8% and 29.9%, respectively. Of the subgingival samples, 96% revealed the coinfection of F. nucleatum with the rest of
the bacteria and which differs drastically with Aa (20%), Pg (39%), Td (70%) and Tf (41%). The presence of only one bacterial in the infection was
possible in the case of T. denticola, P gingivalis and F nucleatum. It was not found T. forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans without the presence
of the other bacteria.
Conclusion: F. nucleatum infection may be associated with the prevalence of the other bacteria and would play an important role in the colonization
of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia of the periodontal pocket in Chilean population.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF A BACTERIOCIN-LIKE ELEMENT PRODUCED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS AGAINST
PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS
González-Candía, Alejandro*; Castillo-Ruiz, Mario; Bittner, Mauricio
Corresponding author: Alejandro González Candía - a.gonzalez.c@uandresbello.edu
Aim: Search for diffusible elements with antimicrobial activity produced by bacteria from the normal flora against the oral pathogen Porphyromonas
gingivalis.
Materials and methods: The inhibitory capacity of different clinical isolates of P. gingivalis was evaluated by the appearance of an inhibition zone
using the agar diffusion method. The inhibitory substance was purified from supernatants of overnight cultures of bacteria using an hydrophobic resin
(Sep-Pak C8 Waters Company). The resin was eluted with increasing concentrations of methanol (10% -100%), where the fraction with inhibitory
activity was called the active fraction. This fraction was characterized by chemical and physical properties such as resistance to heat, pH and enzyme
treatments.
Results: Of the tested bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis showed an inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis. The purified fractions from a supernatant
from S. epidermidis that showed activity against the indicator strain P. gingivalis fractions were eluted with 70% -100% methanol. This diffusible factor
was resistant to different pH, temperature tolerant and enzymatic degradation by proteinases, DNase and RNase.
Conclusion: The results suggest that S. epidermidis produces a diffusible factor with bacteriocin characteristics capable to inhibit the growth of P.
gingivalis. This work was funded by projects from DI 48-09R (MB), DI 24-09/1 (MC-R) of the Universidad Andrés Bello and CONICYT Grant MC-R.

EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-21 AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA PATHOGENESIS
Navarrete, Mónica*; Dezerega, Andrea; Gamonal, Jorge; Franco, María Eugenia; Díaz, Jaime; Vernal, Rolando
Corresponding author: Mónica Navarrete Tricallotis - monatrica@gmail.com
Aim: Periapical granulomas (PG) are destructive inflammatory pathologies characterized mainly by periapical bone destruction as a consequence
of dental pulp infection. T-helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes associate with an osteodestructive pattern of host immune response and interleukin 21 (IL-
21) plays a central role inducing the differentiation and function of Th17 lineage during pathogenesis of several infectious pathologies. The aim of
the present study is to analyze the presence and role of IL-21 in periapical granulomas.
Materials and methods: PG samples were collected from teeth affected with asymptomatic lesions as a consequence of caries during tooth extractions.
To characterize the expression pattern of IL-21, fifth samples were fixated in 10% formalin and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and ten samples
were transported in RNA-safer for PCR analysis and quantification. Healthy periodontal ligament and gingiva samples were used as negative control
and a lymph node as positive control.
Results: Higher Llevels of IL-21 and its receptor IL-21R were detected in PG lesions compared with healthy samples. In addition, IL-21 immunoreactivity
was localized mainly in lymphocytes and macrophages.
Conclusion: These data allow us to suggest that IL-21 might be involved in PG pathogenesis. Supported by FONDECYT 1090046 y FIOUCH 09-8.
GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CLINICAL ISOLATES OF AGGREGATIBACTER ACTOMYCETEMCOMITANS IN PERIODONTAL PATIENTS
OF THE UNAB DENTAL CLINIC.
Molina C.*, Ramirez A., Bittner M.
Corresponding author: Carlos Molina Alvarez - c.molina.alvarez@hotmail.com
Aim: To isolate and genetically characterize different clinical isolates of Aggregatibacter actomycetemcomitans in periodontal patients of the Dental
Clinic at Andres Bello University in Santiago of Chile.
Materials and methods: A total of 25 patients, which were diagnosed with Periodontitis at different degrees of severity, were evaluated. Previous
to receiving periodontal treatment, a sample of subgingival crevicular fluid was taken at the three deepest periodontal pockets using N°40 paper
cones; the deepest measures were corroborated in the periodontogram and by clinical measurements made with a North Carolina periodontal probe
in millimeters. Two cones were used per site, and they were kept in the pocket for 40 seconds. After this procedure, each cone was placed separately
in eppendorf tubes; one was dry and the other was placed in a BHI agar medium 0,5x. Both were analyzed in the laboratory. In the dry cones, a
conventional PCR was taken, in order to identify periodontal pathogens. On the other hand, the soaked cone was cultivated in agar plates in TSVB
in capnofilia (CO2 5%) at 37°C. According to morphology, we proceed to perform a PCR of the grown colonies in the agar, in order to further isolate
positive colonies for Aggregatibacter actomycetemcomitans and to extract DNA and genetically characterize them according to serotype and virulence
genes.
Results: Of a total of 25 patients it is possible to find 1 patient testing positive for Aggregatibacter actomycetemcomitans when the cone PCR was
made. Nonetheless, there isn’t a direct and exact relationship with the PCR colonies results, which tested positive for 8 patients. Of these positive
patients, it was only possible to isolate 4 Aggregatibacter actomycetemcomitans colonies. These colonies were genetically characterized according
to serotype and virulence genes, giving us a result of B and C serotypes.
Conclusion: It wasn’t possible to make a direct association between virulence genes and clinical parameters due to the quantity of the sample. We
cannot affirm with certainty that when performing the cone PCR there will exist or not the presence of Aggregatibacter actomycetemcomitans.

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Abstract Nº 1 - Dental Materials 1: Adhesion-Bond Strength Testing and Mechanisms

Day: Jueves 7 de octubre 2010 Session: 1

Abstract Nº 2 - Dental Materials 1: Adhesion-Bond Strength Testing and Mechanisms

Abstract Nº 3 - Dental Materials 1: Adhesion-Bond Strength Testing and Mechanisms

Abstract Nº 5 - Dental Materials 1: Adhesion-Bond Strength Testing and Mechanisms

Abstract Nº 7 - Dental Materials 1: Adhesion-Bond Strength Testing and Mechanisms

Abstract Nº 8 - Dental Materials 1: Adhesion-Bond Strength Testing and Mechanisms

Abstract Nº 10 - Dental Materials 1: Adhesion-Bond Strength Testing and Mechanisms

Abstract Nº 12 - Dental Materials 11: Color and Appearance (Esthetics)

Abstract Nº 13 - Dental Materials 11: Color and Appearance (Esthetics)

Abstract Nº 16 - Dental Materials 11: Color and Appearance (Esthetics)

Abstract Nº 17 - Dental Materials 2: Adhesion-Leakage/Margin Assessments

Abstract Nº 19 - Dental Materials 2: Adhesion-Leakage/Margin Assessments

Aim: To compare the quality of ART and amalgam restorations in Class I to V.

MarginalAdaptacion Anatomy Contact MassStain Marginal Stain Roughness Sensitivity

Abstract Nº 21 - Dental Materials 2: Adhesion-Leakage/Margin Assessments

Abstract Nº 23 - Dental Materials 2: Adhesion-Leakage/Margin Assessments

Abstract Nº 24 - Dental Materials 3: Ceramic-Based Material and Cements

Abstract Nº 26 - Dental Materials 3: Ceramic-Based Material and Cements

Abstract Nº 27 - Dental Materials 3: Ceramic-Based Material and Cements

Abstract Nº 29 - Dental Materials 4: Clinical Trials

Abstract Nº 30 - Dental Materials 7: Polymer-based Materials-Physical Properties and Performance

Abstract Nº 32 - Dental Materials 9: Other Materials - Chemistry, Properties, Performance

Abstract Nº 33 - Dental Materials 9: Other Materials - Chemistry, Properties, Performance

Abstract Nº 35 - Dental Materials 9: Other Materials - Chemistry, Properties, Performance

Abstract Nº 36 - Cariology Research

Abstract Nº 38 - Cariology Research

Abstract Nº 39 - Cariology Research

Abstract Nº 41 - Cariology Research

Abstract Nº 42 - Cariology Research

Corresponding author: Ivan Urzua Araya - ivanurzua@yahoo.com

Abstract Nº 44 - Cariology Research

Abstract Nº 45 - Cariology Research

Abstract Nº 47 - Cariology Research

Abstract Nº 48 - Cariology Research

Abstract Nº 50 - Cariology Research

Corresponding author: Rodrigo A. Cabello Ibacache - rcabelloi@hotmail.com

Abstract Nº 52 - Cariology Research

Abstract Nº 53 - Cariology Research

Abstract Nº 55 - Prosthodontics Research

Abstract Nº 57 - Prosthodontics Research

Abstract Nº 59 - Prosthodontics Research

Abstract Nº 60 - Prosthodontics Research

Abstract Nº 62 - Prosthodontics Research

OHIP-49 Sp CATEGORY SCORE RANGE AVERAGE SCORE

Functional limitation 9 a 45 21,9

Abstract Nº 64 - Pulp Biology & Regeneration Research

Abstract Nº 65 - Pulp Biology & Regeneration Research

Abstract Nº 68 - Pulp Biology & Regeneration Research

Abstract Nº 69 - Pulp Biology & Regeneration Research

Corresponding author: Eduardo Couve Montané - eduardo.couve@uv.cl

Abstract Nº 71 - Pulp Biology & Regeneration Research

Abstract Nº 72 - Pulp Biology & Regeneration Research

Abstract Nº 74 - Mineralized Tissue

Abstract Nº 75 - Mineralized Tissue

Abstract Nº 77 - Oral Medicine & Pathology

Abstract Nº 78 - Oral Medicine & Pathology

Abstract Nº 80 - Oral Medicine & Pathology

Abstract Nº 81 - Oral Medicine & Pathology

Abstract Nº 83 - Oral Medicine & Pathology

Abstract Nº 84 - Oral Medicine & Pathology

Aim: This cross-sectional study aimns to determine the prevalence of primary

Abstract Nº 86 - Oral Medicine & Pathology

Abstract Nº 87 - Oral Medicine & Pathology