Acoustics is a branch of physics that
study the sounds, acoustics concerned
with the production, control,
transmission, reception and effects of
sound.
Waste Management- is the strategy an
organization uses to dispose, reduce,
reuse, and prevent waste
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION- Passive Fire
Protection is often not noticed, but is a
crucial element in fire protection. Passive
Fire Protection consists of elements
utilized to keep a building safe so that
fire doesn’t spread, and no action is
needed to it to work. Passive Fire
Protection systems are built inside the
building.
Sound is caused by the vibrations which
transmit through a medium such as air
and reach the ear or any receiver that
can detect it.
Building conveying systems
mechanically move occupants and
goods. In most buildings, these systems
include passenger and freight elevators,
dumbwaiters, escalators, moving ramps
and walkways, and lifts for people and
wheelchairs.
Hydraulic elevators use a fluid-driven
hydraulic jack to lift the elevator car.
STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM - It’s a
network of structures, channels and
underground pipes that carry storm
water (rain water) to ponds, lakes,
streams and rivers.
fire-resistance rating typically means the
duration for which a passive fire
protection system can withstand a
standard fire resistance test.
OSST (On-Site Sewage Treatment)-
Traditionally called septic systems,
usually consist of the building sewer,
which leads from the building into a
septic tank and then into a distribution
box that feeds the fluid into a drainage
field.
Septic Tank- A buried, watertight tank
designated and constructed to receive
and partially treat raw domestic sanitary
wastewater
Surface water resources are the most
commonly used method of supplying
water to various regions.
Traction elevators have a drive machine
with an electric motor and pulley-like
(grooved) drive sheave that holds cables
that move the elevator car up or down.
Conventional Septic System- A
decentralized wastewater treatment
system consisting of a septic tank and a
trench or bed subsurface wastewater
infiltration system (drainfield).
Chamber System- The chamber system
serves as an alternative design to the
gravel/stone system.
Passenger elevators are designed to
carry people and small packages.
Wavelength is the distance between the
start and end of a sound wave cycle or
the distance between two successive
sound wave pressure peaks. It is equal to
the speed of sound in the material, such
as air divided by the frequency of the
sound wave.
Sound transmission is a common
acoustic issue for it can be both airborne
or structure borne vibration
Sound Insulation reduces the
transmission of sound
Transmission Loss a measurement of a
partition's ability to block sound at a
given frequency, or the number of
decibels that sound of a given frequency
is reduced in passing through a partition
SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS is a
single-number rating of a material's or
an assembly's ability to resist airborne
sound transfer at the frequencies 125-
4000 Hz
Drip Distribution System- The drip
distribution system is a type of effluent
dispersal that can be used in many types
of drainfields.
Aerobic Treatment Unit- Aerobic
Treatment Units (ATUs) use many of the
same processes as a municipal sewage
plant, but on a smaller scale.
Wastewater Resources This is the water
we use for our household,
manufacturing, and agricultural
activities; it's then disposed of through
our drains and local sewage systems.
Saltwater Resources It's common
knowledge that our oceans make up
over 70 percent of the planet.
Ice Cap Water Resources These large
bodies of ice float through the oceans
actually consist of fresh water. This
makes them some of our most ideal
resources-if we can develop reliable
ways to tap into them.
Stormwater Resources Otherwise
known as runoff or rainwater,
stormwater is water that comes from
heavy weather such as rain, snow, and
hail.
OUTDOOR INDOOR TRANSMISSION
CLASS (OITC) A standard method used to
rate the amount of transmission loss in
an exterior wall setting such as
determining how much traffic noise an
exterior wall can stop
IMPACT INSULATION CLASS (IIC) A
measure of the ability of a floor-ceiling
assembly to absorb or deflect sound
from impacts (such as people walking or
objects dropping) and keep it from being
transmitted to the space below
Dug wells are shallow wells, generally
not more than 25 ft (7.6 m) deep, and
typically 3 to 6 ft (1 to 2 m) in diameter.
Driven wells, also referred to as sand
point wells, consist of lengths of 11/4 to
2 in (32 to 50 mm) diameter pipe that is
driven into the ground.
Drilling or boring methods are used for
deep wells. A well- drilling rig is used to
create the well hole. Drille
BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEM
An elevator is a conveying device
used to move people or freight
vertically, usually between floors of a
building.
The“HOISTWAY DOOR” is the
exterior door that leads from the
hallway to the elevator car.
Hydraulic elevators use a fluid-
driven hydraulic jack to lift the
elevator car.
Traction elevators have a drive
machine with an electric motor and
pulley-like (grooved) drive sheave
that holds cables that move the
elevator car up or down.
Passenger elevators are designed to
carry people and small packages.
Freight elevators are used to carry
material, goods, equipment, and
vehicles, rather than people
A dumbwaiter is a small freight
elevator used to transport
lightweight freight such as food,
laundry, books,records, and other
small items.
A manlift is an elevator installed in a
variety of structures and locations to
provide vertical transportation of
authorized personnel and their tools
and equipment only
moving staircase consisting of an
endlessly circulating belt of steps
driven by a motor, conveying people
between the floors of a public
building.
A moving walkway is a power-
driven, continuous,slow-moving
conveyor belt that transports people
horizontally. They are also called
moving sidewalk, moving pavement,
walkalator, and travelator.
An inclined moving walkway, also
called a moving rampor power ramp,
is a moving walkway that transports
people on an incline, up to a 12°
angle of inclination.
Moving walkways are more
accessible to those in wheelchairs, as
they are usually thought easier to
use than getting in and out of small
elevators.
A wheelchair lift is a powered device
designed to raise a wheelchair or
scooter and its occupant to
overcome a step or similar vertical
barrier, usually 6 ft (1.8 m) or less.
Platform lifts supply access to decks,
porches, stages, and elevated
surfaces.
A stair lift will carry a user safely
upstairs. To use a stair lift, the user
sits on the lift’s seat; the seat will
then transfer the user up or
downstairs via a staircase mounted
track.
A car lift is installed in small parking
garages where ramps are not
feasible. The platforms are raised
and lowered hydraulically and are
connected to steel chain gears.
An automated people mover (APM)
is a fully automated, grade-separated
mass transit system. An APM system
typically serves relatively small
facilities such as airports, downtown
districts, or theme parks, but is
sometimes applied to considerably
more complex automated systems.
Material-handling equipment is a
mechanical device used to move and
store materials and goods.
A paternoster is a special type of
elevator consisting of a constantly
moving chain of boxes.
TWO MAIN SOURCES OF WATER
Surface water resources are the
most commonly used method of
supplying water to various regions.
Groundwater is water found below
the surface of the earth.
Air Gap- An air gap in a water supply
system, is the unobstructed vertical
distances through the free
atmosphere between the lowest
opening from any pipe or faucet
supplying water to a tank, plumbing
fixture, or other device and the flood
level rim of the receptacles.
Back Flow- Is the flow of water, or
other liquid mixture or substances
into the distributing pipes of a
potable supply of water from any
source, other than its intended
source.
Back Siphonage – refers to the back
flow of used contaminated or
polluted water from a plumbing
fixture or vessel into a water supply
pipe due to a negative pressure in
such pipe.
Battery of Fixture – Refers to any
group of two or more similar
adjacent fixtures which discharges
into a common horizontal waste pipe
or soil branch.
Bib – Is synonymous with faucet,
cock, tap, plug, etc. the word faucet
is preferred.
Blind Flange – A flange that closes
the end of a pipe. There is no
opening for the passage of water.
Blow off – A controlled outlet on a
pipeline used to discharge water.
Branch – Is any part of piping system
other than the main riser or stack.
Branch Interval – Is the length of a
soil or waste stack corresponding in
general to storey height, but in no
case less than 2.40 meters within
which the horizontal branches from
one floor or storey of a building are
connected to the stock.
Branch Vent – Is a vent connecting
one or more individual vents with a
vent stack or stack vent.
Calking – Is plugging an opening with
oakum, lead or other materials, that
are pounded into the place or
opening.
Circuit Vent – Is a branch vent that
serves two or more traps, and
extends from the front of the last
fixture connection of a horizontal
branch to the vent stack.
Continuous Vent – Is a vertical vent
that is a continuation of the drain to
which the vents connect.
Combination Fixtures – Is a fixture
combining one sink and tray or two
three compartment sin or tray on
one vent.
Combination Waste and Vent
System – Is a specially designed
system of waste piping embodying
the horizontal wet venting of one or
more sinks or floor drains by means
of common waste and vent pipe
adequately sized to provide free
movement of an above the flow line
of the drain.
Common Vent – Is a drain from two
or three fixture connected to a single
trap. It is also called a dual vent.
Cross Connection – Is any physical
connection between two otherwise
separate piping system, one contains
potable water, and the other from
unknown or questionable safety,
whereby, water may flow from one
system to other direction flow
depending on the pressure
differential between two systems.
Dead End – Is the extended portion
of a pipe that is closed at one end
permitting the stagnation of water or
air therein.
Developed Length – The Length
along the center of the pipe and
fitting
Diameter – Diameter of a pipe or
tube refers to the nominal internal
diameter (ID) of such pipe, except
brass and copper tube where the
term refers to the outside diameter
(OD) of the pipe.
Drainage System – Drainage system
includes, all piping within the public
or private premises that conveys
sewage, rainwater, or other liquid
waste, to a legal point of disposal It
does not include the mains of the
public sewer system private or public
sewerage treatment disposal plant.
Dry Vent – A vent that does not carry
water, or water borne wastes.
Effective opening - Is the minimum
cross-sectional area at the point of
water supply discharges, measured
for expressed in terms of diameter of
a circle. If the opening is not a circle,
the diameter of a circle that is
equivalent to the cross-sectional area
(This applicable to air gap)
Existing Work – Shall apply to that
portion of a plumbing system that
has been installed and approved
prior to the contemplated addition,
alteration or correction.
Fixture Branch – Is a pipe connecting
several fixtures.
Fixture Drain – Is the drain from the
trap of a fixture to the junction of
that drain with any other drain – pipe
Fixture Supply – Is a water supply
pipe connecting the fixture with the
fixture branch.
Fixture Units – Is a quantity in terms
of which the load producing effects
on the plumbing system of different
kinds of plumbing fixtures are
expressed on some arbitrarily chosen
scale.
Fixture Unit Flow Rate – Is the total
discharge flow in gallons per minute
of a simple fixture divided by 7.5
gallons that provides the flow rate of
that particular plumbing fixture as a
unit of flow.
Flood Level – Is a device located
inside the rank for the purpose of
maintaining water level for effective
flushing of the water closet.
Ferrule – A metallic sleeve called or
otherwise joined to an operating in
pipe into which a plug is screwed
that can be removed for the purpose
of cleaning or examining the interior
of the pipe.
Flush Valve – Is a device located at
the bottom of the tank for flushing
water closets and similar fixtures.
Flushometer Valve – Is a device
which discharges a predetermined
quantity of water to the fixtures for
flushing purposes activated by direct
water pressure. Grade – Is the slope
or fall of pipe in reference to a
fraction of an inch per foot length of
pipe.
Group Vent – A branch vent that
perform its function for two or more
traps.
Horizontal Pipe – Means any pipe or
fitting which makes an angle of more
than 45° with the vertical.
Invert – Is the lowest portion of the
inside of any pipe or conduit that is
not vertical.
Liquid Waste – Is the discharge from
any fixtures, appliance or
appurtenance in connection with
plumbing system which does not
receive fecal matter.
Local Vent Pipe – Is a pipe on the
fixture side of the trap through which
vapor or foul air is removed from a
room or fixture.
Looped Vent – Is the same as Circuit
Vent except that it loops back and
connects with a stack vent instead of
a vent stack.
Lateral – In plumbing, it is a
secondary pipe in sewage, a common
sewer to which no other common
sewer is tributary. It receives sewage
only from building sewer.
Main – The main of any system of
continuous piping is the principal
artery of the system to which
branches may be connected.
Main Sewer – Is a sewer line or
system directly controlled by public
authority.
Main Vent – Is the principal artery of
the venting system to which vent
branches may be connected.
Plumbing Fixtures – Are installed
receptacles, devices or appliances
which are supplied with water or
which are supplied with water or
which receives or discharges.
Plumbing System – The plumbing
system includes the water supply
distribution pipes, plumbing fixtures
and traps, soil, waste and vent pipes,
house drain and house sewers
including their respective
connections, devices and
appurtenances within the property
lines of premises; and water treating
or water using equipment.
Relief Vent – A relief vent’s primary
function is to provide circulation of
air between drainage and vent
systems’ Re-Vent Pipe - A re-vent
pipe (sometimes called individual
vent) is that part of the vent pipeline
which connects directly with an
individual waste or group of wastes
underneath or back of the fixture,
and extend either to the main or
branch vent pipe.
Riser – Is a water supply pipe which
extend vertically one full storey or
more to convey water to branches or
fixtures.
Rough-In – Is the installation of all
parts of the plumbing system which
can be completed prior to the
installation of fixtures.
Return Bend – An open return bend
usually with inside threads, but
applied also to 180° bend in pipe.
Public Sewer – Is a common sewer
directly controlled by public
authorities where all abutters have
equal rights of connection.
Sanitary Sewage – The sewage
containing human excrement and
liquid household waste. It is also
called domestic sewage.
Sanitary Sewer – A sewer intended
to receive sanitary sewage with or
without industrial wastes and
without admixture of surface water,
storm water or drainage.
Secondary Branch – Any branch in a
building drain other than the primary
branch
Sewerage of sewage work – Is a
comprehensive term including all
construction or collection,
transportation pumping treatment
and final disposition of sewage.
Siamese Connection – is a Y
connection used on fire lines so that
two lines of hose maybe connected
to a hydrant or to the same nozzle