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GH角度位移2
GH角度位移2
We study, analytically and numerically, reflection and transmission of an arbitrarily polarized vortex beam on
an interface separating two dielectric media and derive general expressions for linear and angular Goos-Hänchen
and Imbert-Fedorov shifts. We predict a novel vortex-induced Goos-Hänchen shift, and also reveal direct
connection between the spin-induced angular shifts and the vortex-induced linear shifts.
c 2018 Optical
Society of America
OCIS codes: 240.3695, 260.5430, 080.4865.
1
Here Ln,m is the Laguerre-Gaussian solution of the scalar Here we denote Kxa and Kya as the X a and Y a wave
parabolic wave equation which contains an optical vor- vector components in the a-th beam, D = kw02 /2 is the
|m|
tex of charge m: Ln,m ∝ X i + i sign (m) Y i [21], Rayleigh length, w0 is the minimum beam waist, and
whereas polarization components form the normalized the derivatives of the energy reflection and transmission
Jones vector in the basis of p and s modes: (ek , e⊥ )T , coefficients (7) are explicitly calculated (for the p and s
|ek |2 + |e⊥ |2 = 1. polarizations) in [19].
The main characteristics of the reflected and trans- Now we consider a polarized incident beam with vor-
mitted beams are determined by the Fresnel coefficients, tex, m 6= 0. Such beam carries intrinsic orbital angular
Rk , R⊥ , Tk , and T⊥ . The amplitude reflection and trans- momentum (AM) Li = mẐi (in units of h̄) per one pho-
mission coefficients R, T and the corresponding energy ton [21]. From the Snell’s laws it follows that the AMs
reflection and transmission coefficients Qr,t are given by of the reflected and refracted beams are given by [19,22]
cos θ′
1 cos θ
q q
r r t
R = |Rk ek |2 + |R⊥ e⊥ |2 , T = |Tk ek |2 + |T⊥ e⊥ |2 , L = −mẐ , L = + mẐt . (9)
2 cos θ′ cos θ
n cos θ′ 2
Qr = |R|2 , Qt = |T | , Qr + Qt = 1, (2) As was shown by Fedoseyev [22] for a particular cases of
µ cos θ
p and s polarization, the IF shift of vortex beams con-
The Jones vectors of the secondary beams are sists of two contributions. The first one is a polarization-
r t independent shift that comes from the difference in the
ek 1 Rk ek ek 1 T k ek
= , = . z-components of intrinsic AM at the reflection and re-
er⊥ R R⊥ e⊥ et⊥ T T ⊥ e⊥
fraction which is compensated by the transverse shift
(3)
producing an extrinsic AM [10–14]: hY r,t i1 = (Lr,t z −
To derive the lateral shifts of an arbitrarily polarized
Liz )/k sin θ. Taking into account that Liz = Li cos θ,
vortex beam, we use the basic results obtained for polar-
Lrz = −Lr cos θ, and Ltz = Lt cos θ′ , one obtains [19, 22]:
ized Gaussian beams (m = 0). In the regime of the total
internal reflection, sin θ > n, the Fresnel reflection coeffi- m
hY r i1 = 0, hY t i1 = tan θ(1 − n−2 ). (10)
cient become complex: Rk,⊥ = exp(iϕk,⊥ ), and the GH, 2k
hXi, and IF, hY i, shifts are described by the Artmann
The second contribution is essentially polarization-
and Schillings formulas [2, 5]:
dependent. Here we demonstrate that it is directly re-
lated to the angular GH shift (7). Indeed, as is shown
2 ∂ϕk
r 1 2 ∂ϕ⊥
hX itot = |ek | + |e⊥ | , (4) in [18], the angular shift (7) induces an imaginary
k ∂θ ∂θ
shift in the Gaussian envelope of the beam: X r,t →
cot θ
hY r itot = − [σ(1 + cos δ) + χ sin δ] , (5) X r,t − iDxr,t hKxr,t i0 /k (where Dxr = D and Dxt =
k D cos2 θ′ / cos2 θ [14]). It can be readily seen that this
where σ = 2Im(e∗k e⊥ ) is the helicity of the incident beam imaginary shift produces a real shift of the vortex in the
(degree of circular polarization), χ = 2Re(e∗k e⊥ ) is the orthogonal direction:
degree of linear polarization inclined at π/4 with respect r,t
|m|
to the incident plane, and δ = ϕ⊥ − ϕk . We note, that r,t r,t r,t r,t Dx r,t
γ X + i sign (m) Y − γ hKx i0 .
the shifts here and below in the paper are given in the k
coordinate system of the respective beam.
Here the coefficients γ r = −1 and γ t = cos θ/ cos θ′ ac-
In the regime of partial reflection and transmission,
count for the deformations of the vortex in the secondary
sin θ < n, the Fresnel coefficients are real, and the GH
beams: charge flip in the reflected beam and an elliptic
shift vanishes, hX r,t i = 0, while the IF shifts are given
deformation of the transmitted beam. As a result, the
by the equations derived in [13, 14]:
centers of gravity of the reflected and transmitted vor-
cot θ (Rk + R⊥ )2 tex beams experience the IF shift
hY r i0 = −σ ,
2k R2 D r cos θ′ D t
2 2 ′
cot θ Tk + T⊥ − 2Tk T⊥ cos θ / cos θ hY r i2 = m hKx i0 , hY t i2 = −m hKx i0 . (11)
hY t i0 = −σ . (6) k cos θ k
2k T2
The net IF shift of an arbitrarily polarized vortex
In addition, the reflected and transmitted beams un- beam is the sum of the contributions (6), (10), and (11):
dergo angular shifts, which can be considered as the
shifts in the wave vector space. Generalizing results of hY r,t i = hY r,t i0 + hY r,t i1 + hY r,t i2 . (12)
[14, 18], these shifts can be written as
This is the first main result that describes the total
1 d ln Qr cos θ d ln Qt polarization- and vortex- dependent IF shift.
hKxr i0 = − , hKxt i0 = , (7)
2D dθ 2D cos θ′ dθ Similarly to the vortex-induced IF effect (11) associ-
2
cot θ Rk − R⊥
2 2 2
cot θ Tk − T⊥ ated with the angular GH shift (7), there exists a re-
hKyr i0 = χ , hK t
y i0 = χ . (8) ciprocal effect of the vortex-induced GH shift caused by
2D R2 2D T2
2
4
the angular IF shift (8). In a manner, similar to the dis-
cussion above, we obtain (a) (b)
k <X >
k <Y >
0.4 r
r,t
r,t
2
D r cos θ′ D t t
hX r i = −m hKy i0 , hX t i = m hKy i0 . (13)
k cos θ k 0.2 0
D < Ky >
D < Kx >
ishes for p, s, and circular polarizations of the incident -1 0
t
r,t
r,t
beam and reaches maximal values for linear polarizations
-2
inclined at π/4 angles: χ = ±1. r
It can be shown that the angular GH and IF shifts, -3 -0.5
3
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