Perthometer/MarSurf.

Surface Texture Parameters

Real surface separates a body from the surrounding medium.
(DIN EN ISO 4287)
Traversing length lt is the overall length traveled by the stylus
when acquiring the traced profile. It is the sum of pre-travel,
Geometrical Product Specification (GPS)
Pt Profile depth Profile filter Selection of cutoff λc
evaluation length ln, and post-travel.
Stylus instrument enables two-dimensional tracing of a ISO/TR 14638, DIN V 32950 DIN EN ISO 4287 DIN EN ISO 11562, ASME B46.1 DIN EN ISO 4288, ASME B46.1
surface. The stylus is traversed normal to the surface at Cutoff λc of a profile filter determines which wavelengths Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) implies different Profile depth Pt (total height of P-profile) is the sum of the Profile filters seperate profiles into long wave and short wave Periodic Nonperiodic profiles Cutoff S ampl ./
constant speed. (DIN EN ISO 3274) belong to roughness and which ones to waviness. kinds of standards dealing with the geometric characteristics largest profile peak height and the largest profile valley depth components. The λc profile filter separates the roughness profiles Eval.
of products during product design, manufacture, inspection, of the P-profile within the evaluation length ln (reference profile from long wave components (e.g. waviness). length
Traced profile is the enveloping profile of the real surface Sampling length lr is the reference for roughness evaluation. quality assurance, etc. length). The reference length has to be stated.
acquired by means of a stylus instrument. The traced profile Its length is equal to the cutoff wavelength λc. Mean line is generated by a phase correct filter by calculating Rsm Rz Ra λc lr / ln
consists of form deviations, waviness and roughness The sampling lengths lp and lw, respectively, are the reference the weighted average for each point of the profile. (mm) (μm) (μm) (mm) (mm)
In the GPS matrix model, the lines comprise chains of P-profile (primary profile) is computed from the traced
components. (DIN EN ISO 3274, DIN 4760) lengths for the P-profile and the W-profile evaluation. standards dealing with one and the same characteristic such profile Weighting function indicates for each point of the profile
as e.g. size, distance, form features, roughness, waviness, etc. • by excluding the nominal form by using the method of the assessment factor with which the adjacent profile points over .013 up to up to .08 .08 / .4
Parameters usually are defined over the sampling length. Evaluation length ln is that part of the traversing length lt The columns (i.e. the links of the chains) then are: best fit least squares of the type indicated in the drawing, enter into averaging (Gaussian curve). up to .04 .1 .02
An average parameter estimate is calculated by taking the over which the values of surface parameters are determined. 1. Drawing specifications (DIN EN ISO 1302) e.g. a linear regression line and
arithmetic mean of the parameter estimates from all the The standard roughness evaluation length comprises five R-profile (roughness profile) represents the deviations of
2. Theoretical definitions (DIN EN ISO 4287, 11562, 12085, and • by excluding ultra-short wavelengths from the evaluation the primary profile from the mean line of the λc profile filter. over .04 over .1 over .02 .25 .25 /
individual sampling lengths. For roughness profile parameters consecutive sampling lengths. 13565) by using the λs profile filter, which considerably increases When presenting the roughness profile, the mean line is the up to .13 up to .5 up to .1 1.25
the standard number of sampling lengths is five. 3. Parameter definitions (DIN EN ISO 4288, 11562, 12085, and comparability. (DIN EN ISO 3274) P-profile zero line.
For curves and related parameters (e.g. material ratio) the Pre-travel is the first part of the traversing length lt. 13565) Weighting function over .13 over .5 over .1 .8 .8 / 4
basis for the calculation of the parameters’ values is the 4. Assessment of deviations (DIN EN ISO 4288 and 12085) Traced profile up to .4 up to 10 up to 2
evaluation length. (DIN EN ISO 4288) Post-travel is the last part of the traversing length lt. Pre- 5. Measurement equipment requirements (DIN EN ISO 3274
travel and post-travel are required for phase correct filtering. and 11562) Pt over .4 over 10 over 2 2.5 2.5 /
6. Calibration requirements (DIN EN ISO 5436 and 12179) up to 1.3 up to 50 up to 10 12.5

The most important standards in the field of surface Mean line over 1.3 over 50 over 10 8 8 / 40
texture are detailed in parentheses (). lr up to 4 up to 200 up to 80
Reference length

Wt Waviness height Ra, Rq Mean roughness Rp Peak height, Rv Rz, Rmax Roughness depth R3z Base roughness depth Rsk, Rku
DIN EN ISO 4287, ASME B46.1 DIN EN ISO 4287, ASME B46.1 DIN EN ISO 4287, ASME B46.1 DIN EN ISO 4287, ASME B46.1 Daimler Benz Standard 31007 (1983) DIN EN ISO 4287, ASME B46.1
Waviness height Wt (total height of W-profile) is the sum Roughness average Ra is the arithmetic average of the ab- Rp is the height of the highest profile peak of the roughness Single roughness depth Rzi is the vertical distance between Single roughness depth R3zi is the vertical distance of the Skewness Rsk is a measure of the asymmetry of the amplitude
of the largest profile peak height and the largest profile valley solute values of the roughness profile ordinates. profile within one sampling length. the highest peak and the deepest valley within a sampling third highest peak to the third deepest valley of the density curve. A negative skewness value indicates a surface
depth of the W-profile within the evaluation length l n l According to ASME, the Rp mean value (average calculated length. roughness profile within a sampling length lr. with good bearing properties.
1
l ∫0
(reference length). over the evaluation length) is called Rpm. Mean roughness depth Rz is the arithmetic mean value of
Ra = Z( x) dx the single roughness depths Rzi of consecutive sampling Base roughness depth R3z is the mean value of the single R sk < 0
The evaluation length ln (reference length) has to be stated. Rv is the depth of the deepest profile valley of the roughness lengths: 1 roughness depths R3zi of five consecutive sampling lengths 1 1
l
Rz = n (Rz1 + Rz2 + ... + Rzn)
Root mean square (RMS) roughness Rq is the root mean Z3 x dx
Rq l ³0
profile within one sampling length. So far, the parameter l r: Rsk 3 R sk = 0
W-profile (waviness profile) is the mean line generated from square average of the roughness profile ordinates. symbol Rm was used in place of Rv.
The Rz definition is identical to the definition in DIN 4768:1990. The ten 1
point height Rz as well as the parameter symbol Ry of ISO 4287:1984 R3z = (R3z1+ R3z2 + R3z3 + R3z4 + R3z5)
the P-profile by the lc profile filter. The long wave profile 5
l have been canceled. R sk > 0
1
components which belong to the form are excluded. Rq = ∫ Z2 ( x) dx The sum of Rp + Rv is the single roughness depth Rzi. Maximum roughness depth Rmax is the largest single Profile peak and profile valley must exceed certain vertical
l0 roughness depth within the evaluation length. and horizontal minimum values. Kurtosis Rku is a measure of the peakedness of the amplitude
(cf. DIN EN ISO 4288; Rmax is also called Rz1max) density curve. For a profile with a Gaussian amplitude density
Z(x) = profile ordinates of the roughness profile. R z1 R z2 (=R max ) R z3 R z4 R z5 R 3z1 R 3z2 R 3z3 R 3z4 R 3z5 curve Rku is 3.
R ku < 3
Ra is also called AA and CLA, Rq also RMS. l
W-profile Rp 1 1
Z4 x dx
Rq l ³0
Rku 4
R ku = 3
Rq Z Mean line Ra R zi
Wt R ku > 3
Rv
X lr Skewness and Kurtosis are strongly influenced by isolated
lr peaks and valleys, fact which reduces their practical
ln lr ln ln importance.

Rsm, RΔq
Rmr, tp Material ratio Rk, Rpk, Rvk, Mr1, Mr2 RPc, HSC Peak count © by Mahr GmbH, Göttingen

We reserve the right to make changes to our

Mahr GmbH
DIN EN ISO 4287, ASME B46.1 DIN EN ISO 13565-1 and -2 DIN EN ISO 4287, ASME B46.1 prEN 10049, ASME B46.1
Material ratio Rmr (ASME: bearing length ratio tp) is the
ratio expressed in percent of the material-filled length to
the evaluation length ln at the profile section level c.
The roughness profile as per 13565-1 is generated by a special
filtering technique minimizing profile distortions due to deep
Mean width of profile elements Rsm is the arithmetic mean
value of the widths of profile elements of the roughness
profile.
Peak count RPc is the number of roughness profile elements
(see Rsm) per cm which consecutively intersect the specified
upper profile section level c1 and the lower profile section
products, especially due to technical improvements
and further developments. All illustrations and
technical data are therefore without guarantee.
Göttingen
valleys in plateau profiles. A straight line divides the Abbott-
Firestone curve into three areas from which the parameters 1 n A profile element consists of a profile level c2.
Postfach 1853 • D-37008 Göttingen
Rmr = (L1 + L2 + ... + Ln) 100 [%] are then computed as per 13565-2: R sm =
n
∑ S mi
i= 1
peak and an adjacent profile valley.
Carl-Mahr-Str. 1 • D-37073 Göttingen
Core roughness depth Rk is the depth of the roughness Ar is an older designation for Rsm. High spot count HSC is the number of roughness profile Reproduced with the permission of the DIN Deut-
The profile section level c is the distance between the eval- Telefon +49 (0)551-70730
core profile. Root mean square slope RΔq is the root mean square average peaks per cm exceeding the specified upper profile section
uated intersection line and the specified reference line cref.
of all local profile slopes. level c1.
sches Institut für Normung e.V. (German Institute Fax +49 (0)551-71021 • e-mail: info@mahr.de
Reduced peak height Rpk is the mean height of the peaks
Material ratio curve (Abbott-Firestone curve) shows the protruding from the roughness core profile. for Standardization). When applying the standard, http://www.mahr.com
( )
l
1 dz 2 the latest version available from Beuth Verlag
l ∫0 dx
material ratio Rmr as a function of the profile section level c. Reduced valley depth Rvk is the mean depth of the valleys
RΔq = dx
The material ratio can also be evaluated on the P- or the W-
protruding from the roughness core profile. GmbH, Burggrafenstraße 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany,
profile (Pmr or Wmr). Mr1 and Mr2 are the smallest and the highest material ratios will be relevant.
of the roughness core profile. The local profile slope is computed via a leveling function in RPc * * * *
L1 ...L n Abbott-Firestone curve order to reduce the influence of noise.
L2 HSC * * * * * * http://www.din.de • http://www.beuth.de
Reference line c ref
R pk
Straight line Z Sm1 S m2 S mn
C Intersection line
Rk
c1
Abbott-Firestone R vk M r1 M r2 c2
curve Edition: 1-01.09.2006 - 3751849 - Printed in Germany
ln R mr (c)
ln
Material ratio 0 20 40 60 80 100 % 0 20 40 60 80 100 %
ln