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CHEMISTRY 111 Unit 3 Practice Exam Problems

Avogadro’s Number and Conversions (SOLUTIONS)

1. Convert each of the following from the number of molecules to moles (mol). Please provide the
appropriate number of significant figures for your answer.

a) 1.45  1022 Bi(NO3)3 molecules

𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐁𝐢(𝐍𝐎𝟑 )𝟑
𝟏. 𝟒𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐁𝐢(𝐍𝐎𝟑 )𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟒𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐁𝐢(𝐍𝐎𝟑 )𝟑
𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐁𝐢(𝐍𝐎𝟑 )𝟑

b) 2.2  1024 K2CO3 molecules

𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐊 𝟐 𝐂𝐎𝟑
𝟐. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐊 𝟐 𝐂𝐎𝟑 ( ) = 𝟑. 𝟕 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐊 𝟐 𝐂𝐎𝟑
𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐊 𝟐 𝐂𝐎𝟑

c) 9.1  1023 Sb2S3 molecules

𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑
𝟗. 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑 ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑
𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑

d) 8.1  1021 ClO4 molecules

− 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐥𝐎𝟒 −
𝟖. 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟏
𝐂𝐥𝐎𝟒 ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐥𝐎𝟒 −
𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐂𝐥𝐎𝟒 −

2. Convert each of the following from moles (mol) to number of molecules. Please provide the
appropriate number of significant figures for your answer.

a) 1.8 mol Ba3(PO4)2

𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐁𝐚𝟑 (𝐏𝐎𝟒 )𝟐

𝟏. 𝟖 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐁𝐚𝟑 (𝐏𝐎𝟒 )𝟐 ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐁𝐚𝟑 (𝐏𝐎𝟒 )𝟐
𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐁𝐚𝟑 (𝐏𝐎𝟒 )𝟐

b) 0.10 mol K2CO3

𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐊 𝟐 𝐂𝐎𝟑

𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐊 𝟐 𝐂𝐎𝟑 ( ) = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐊 𝟐 𝐂𝐎𝟑
𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐊 𝟐 𝐂𝐎𝟑
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c) 0.2900 mol NH4+

𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐍𝐇𝟒+

𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐍𝐇𝟒+ ( + ) = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐍𝐇𝟒+
𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐍𝐇𝟒

f) 0.003 mol CuCNS

𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒 ( ) = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒
𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒

g) 1.00 mol Bi(NO3)3

𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐁𝐢(𝐍𝐎𝟑 )𝟑 𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐁𝐢(𝐍𝐎𝟑 )𝟑 )

Avogadro’s number! 

3. Without doing any calculations, predict whether the number of moles will be greater or less than 1
for each number of molecules given below.

a) 2.2  1024 molecules

2.2  1024 molecules is greater than Avogadro’s number, so the number of moles will be
greater than 1.

b) 2.2  1023 molecules

2.2  1023 molecules is less than than Avogadro’s number, so the number of moles will
be less than 1.

c) 8.96  1023 molecules

8.96  1023 molecules is greater than Avogadro’s number, so the number of moles will be
greater than 1.

4. Without doing any calculations, predict whether the number of molecules will be greater or less
than Avogadro’s number (6.022  1023) for each number of moles given below.

a) 1.06 moles
1.06 moles is greater than 1, so the number of molecules will be greater than
Avogadro’s number (6.022  1023).

b) 0.98 moles
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0.98 moles is less than 1, so the number of molecules will be less than Avogadro’s
number (6.022  1023).

c) 8.96 moles
8.96 moles is much greater than 1, so the number of molecules will be much greater
than Avogadro’s number (6.022  1023).

5. A student has a sample containing 1.94  1026 copper (I) iodide molecules. How many grams of
copper (I) iodide does the student have?

You need to convert the # molecules to moles, then convert moles to grams. The
“bridge” between moles and # molecules is Avogadro’s number. 

𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐈
𝟏. 𝟗𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟔 𝐂𝐮𝐈 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐬 ( ) = 𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟓𝟐 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐈
𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐂𝐮𝐈
𝟏𝟗𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟔 𝐠 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒
𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟓𝟐 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐈 ( ) = 𝟔𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝐠 𝐂𝐮𝐈
𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐈

NOTE: The problem can also be solved in one step as

𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐈 𝟏𝟗𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟔 𝐠 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒

𝟏. 𝟗𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟔 𝐂𝐮𝐈 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐬 ( 𝟐𝟑
)( ) = 𝟔𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝐠 𝐂𝐮𝐈
𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐂𝐮𝐈 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐈

6. A student has a 3.64 g sample of CuCNS. How many molecules of CuCNS exist in this sample?

The strategy involves converting mass to moles, then moles to # molecules using
Avogadro’s number.
𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒
𝟑. 𝟔𝟒 𝐠 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒 ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟗𝟐𝟗 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒
𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟔𝟐 𝐠 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒

𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒

𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟗𝟐𝟗 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒 ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒
𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒

NOTE: The problem can also be solved in one step as

𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒

𝟑. 𝟔𝟒 𝐠 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒 ( )( )
𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟔𝟐 𝐠 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒

= 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐂𝐮𝐂𝐍𝐒

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7 a) A student has a 0.63 g sample of Sb2S3. How many molecules of Sb2S3 exist in this sample?

𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑
𝟎. 𝟔𝟑 𝐠 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑 ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟓 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑
𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟕 𝐠 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑

𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟓 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑 ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑
𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑

b) In the same sample, how many Sb atoms are present?

Remember that there are 2 Sb atoms for every Sb2S3 molecule! 

𝟐(𝟏. 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐒𝐛𝟐 𝐒𝟑 ) = 𝟐. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟏 𝐒𝐛 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬

8. How many atoms are present in each of the following samples?

a) 0.386 mol of H2O

𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐇𝟐 𝐎 𝟑 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬

𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐇𝟐 𝐎 ( )( ) = 𝟔. 𝟗𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬
𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐇𝟐 𝐎 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐇𝟐 𝐎

b) 5.48 g of SiO2

𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐢𝐎𝟐 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐒𝐢𝐎𝟐 𝟑 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬

𝟓. 𝟒𝟖 𝐠 𝐒𝐢𝐎𝟐 ( )( )( ) = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬
𝟔𝟎. 𝟎𝟖 𝐠 𝐒𝐢𝐎𝟐 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐢𝐎𝟐 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐒𝐢𝐎𝟐

c) a mixture of 2.45 g of Fe2O3 and 1.81 g of NiO

First calculate the number of atoms in the Fe2O3 sample

𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐅𝐞𝟐 𝐎𝟑 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐅𝐞𝟐 𝐎𝟑 𝟓 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬

𝟐. 𝟒𝟓 𝐠 𝐅𝐞𝟐 𝐎𝟑 ( )( )( )
𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟗 𝐠 𝐅𝐞𝟐 𝐎𝟑 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐅𝐞𝟐 𝐎𝟑 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐅𝐞𝟐 𝐎𝟑

= 𝟒. 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬

Then calculate the number of atoms in the NiO sample

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𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐍𝐢𝐎 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐍𝐢𝐎 𝟐 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬

𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 𝐠 𝐍𝐢𝐎 ( )( )( )
𝟕𝟒. 𝟔𝟗 𝐠 𝐍𝐢𝐎 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐍𝐢𝐎 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐜 𝐍𝐢𝐎

= 𝟐. 𝟗𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬

Now add the two samples together

𝟒. 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬 + 𝟐. 𝟗𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬 = 𝟕. 𝟓𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬