TENSE, VOICE AND MOOD OF GREEK VERBS

TENSE MOOD VOICE

= emphasizes kind of action = action related to reality = relationship of subject to action
Present - continuous action Indicative - mood of certainty Active - subjects produces
Tense Mood (it is true, factual, Voice the
actual or real from action
speaker’s point of view
Imperfect - continuous action in Imperative - mood of volition (will) Passive - subject is acted upon
Tense the past Mood - expresses a command Voice
or entreaty
Perfect - punctiliar action in the Subjunctive - mood of probability Middle - subject initiates the
Tense past Mood - an action that may or Voice action & participates
- results continue into should happen in the results of the
the present - expresses conditional action
or uncertain actions
Pluperfect - punctiliar action in the Optative - mood of possibility
Tense past Mood - an action that is
- results continue conceivable from
in the past speaker’s point of
view
Aorist - punctiliar action
Tense - generally in the Present Imperative - demands cessation of an act already in
past (can be past, (used with a negative) progress
PROHIBITIONS

present, or future

Future - generally
Tense continuous – on Aorist Subjunctive - a warning or exhortation against doing
occasion punctiliar (used with a negative) something
(only tense that
reflects time of action)