Hibbertopterus scouleri.

It lived between Devonian period(419.2 million years ago) to Carboniferous period

million years ago)

It lived in Carboniferous(358.9 million years ago - 358.9 million years ago) Scotland

Inhabiting freshwater swamps and rivers, the diet of Hibbertopterus was probably
composed of what they could find raking through its living environment, likely primarily
small invertebrates.As the Eurypterid population always have two kinds of genital
appendages it is hypothesized that the type A, which is equipped with "clasping organs''
on the prosomal appendages, as the male copulatory organ, while the other kind (type B)
can be interpreted as the female ovipositor for depositing eggs, and fitting neatly over the
male clasper.However another hypothesis of Simon Braddy suggests that eurypterid
reproduction occurred via spermatophore (sperm package) transfer on the substrate ; the
type A appendage is in this case the female who is able to retrieve a spermatophore for
storage in her spermatheca ('horn organs'). The 'scimitar lobes' (male) are considered to
have been clasping structures.

Its species died during the Permian–Triassic extinction event also called The Great
Dying.The main cause of extinction was the large amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the
volcanic eruptions that created the Siberian Traps, which elevated global temperatures,
and in the oceans led to widespread anoxia(Periods wherein large expanses of Earth's
oceans were depleted of dissolved oxygen (O2), creating toxic, euxinic (anoxic and
sulfidic) waters.) and acidification(Ocean acidification is the reduction in the pH value of
the Earth’s ocean).

Dunkleosteus Terrelli

It lived in North America, Poland, Belgium, and Morocco during the Late Devonian period
(382–358 million years ago)

Dunkleosteus could quickly open and close its jaw, like modern-day suction feeders, and
had a bite force of 4,414 N (450 kg; 992 lb) at the tip and 5,363 N (547 kg; 1,206 lb) at the
blade edge.Dunkleosteus, together with most other placoderms, may have also been
among the first vertebrates to internalize egg fertilization(the union of an egg and sperm
cell during sexual reproduction inside the female body.), as seen in some modern sharks.

It became extinct during the The Hangenberg event, also known as the end-Devonian
extinction.The Hangenberg event was an anoxic(Periods wherein large expanses of
Earth's oceans were depleted of dissolved oxygen (O2), creating toxic, euxinic (anoxic and
sulfidic) waters.) event marked by a layer of black shale, and it has been proposed to have
been related to a rapid sea-level fall from the last phase of the Devonian Southern
Hemisphere glaciation.
Meganeura monyi

It lived during the Late Carboniferous (approximately 300 million years ago).Its fossils
was found in Northwest Europe and Derbyshire,England

They resembled and are related to the present-day dragonflies and damselflies, and were
predatory, with their diet mainly consisting of other insects.The oxygen rich atmosphere
of the Carboniferous led to massive growth in vegetation and insect size. It is during this
time that many different insect groups increased their size greatly. Meganeura was one
that grew enormous.It was an insectivore (predator that eats insects).It reproduces in a
'copulation wheel,' in which the male and female are intertwined together in a circle.The
male uses clasper-like structures to hold the female's head while the female twists her
long abdomen forward to attach to the male's body.

It became extinct at the end of the Permian period about 250 million years ago.Changes in
atmospheric conditions were the major cause of this event. Scientists suggest that the fall
of oxygen’s composition (to 21%) in the air relative to what it was 300 million years ago
made the Meganeura go extinct.
Wiwaxia corrugata

It lived in Canada from early to mid-Cambrian seas about 541 to 485 million years ago.

The long dorsal spines may have been a defense against predators. Wiwaxia apparently
moved by contractions of a slug-like foot on its underside.Wiwaxia appears to have been
solitary rather than gregarious.The feeding apparatus may have acted as a rasp to scrape
bacteria off the top of the microbial mat that covered the sea-floor, or as a rake to gather
food particles from the sea-floor.
As Wiwaxia corrugata is closely related to Mollusks they have a similar reproduction
method in which the Eggs and sperm are released into the water by members of some
(primitive) species, and fertilization occurs there.

It is unclear what could have caused the organism’s disappearance, but the Wiwaxia died
due to changes in the condition of the Cambrian sea where it lived. The changes in the
prehistoric earth’s ocean floor would have caused a depletion in the main food source of
this organism.
Coltraneia oufatenensis

The Coltraneia oufatenensis lived in the Emsian stage(407.6 ± 2.6 million years ago) to the
Eifelian stage(387.7 ± 0.8 million years ago) and had its fossils found in Algeria, France,
Germany, Morocco and Spain.

The class Trilobita had mouths on the bottom of their heads and lived in fairly shallow
water and were benthic; they walked on the bottom, and probably fed on detritus.it is
hypothesized that trilobites released their eggs and sperm through a genital pore
somewhere in the head in order to reproduce.

This species became extinct due to The Kačák Event , also known as the Kačák-otomari
Event,it is a widely recognised bioevent or series of events that occurred close to the end of
the Eifelian Age of the Middle Devonian Epoch. It involved a global eustatic rise in sea level
and ecological turnover.
Cooksonia pertoni

This genus is also found from places all over the world: Wales, Scotland, England,
Bohemia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, the state of New York, Canada, China, Bolivia and Brazil.

The oldest Cooksonia are believed to have existed in the middle of the Silurian, and they
remained a prominent part of the flora until the end of the Early Devonian, a period of
time between 433 and 393 million years ago.Its genus also contains the oldest known plant
to have a stem with vascular tissue and is thus a transitional form between the primitive
non-vascular bryophytes and the vascular plants.Currently, all that is known about
Cooksonia is its sporophyte phase (i.e. the phase which produces spores rather than
gametes) which means it reproduced via spores.

As The Early Devonian had major tectonic events like the closure of the Rheic Ocean, the
separation of South China from Gondwana, and the resulting expansion of the Paleo-
Tethys Ocean.It could be assumed that the species died in one of these events.

Armoricaphyton chateaupannense

The species was found in Early Devonian (late Pragian-earliest Emsian)(410.8 ± 2.8
million years to 393.3 ± 1.2 million years ago) west France

Permineralized specimens reveal that the oldest documented wood or secondary xylem of
any known fossil plant is of Armoricaphyton chateaupannense. The water-conducting
tissues or tracheids consisted of extinct P-type cell walls. This type of cell wall consisted
of scalariform bordered pits and perforated sheets that covered the openings (apertures)
of the pits.) The sporophytes of early tracheophytes were likely reproductive bet-hedgers
—they probably relied as much (or perhaps more) on asexual reproduction as on sexual
reproduction.
It is assumed that this species died off like the Cooksonia Genus(due to major tectonic
movements)

Alethopteris grandini

This class lived from Carboniferous(358.9 million years ago) - Early Permian(293.52 ±
0.17 million years ago)

Although their foliage resembled that of modern ferns, they reproduced by means of
seeds.Ovules in different medullosalean species could vary from maybe 1 cm to over 10 cm
long - the latter being the largest known ovules produced by any non-angiosperm seed-
plant. It was traditionally believed that the ovules were borne directly on the fronds,
replacing one of the pinnules on the ultimate pinnae.

THis species died off in The Carboniferous rainforest collapse (CRC) which was a minor
extinction event that occurred around 305 million years ago in the Carboniferous
period.The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere crashed to one of its all
time global lows that then killed off the rainforests in which this species lived.
Cestites mirabilis

It is a genus of liverworts in the French Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian, 460 million years
old).

Liverwort species may be either dioicous or monoicous. In dioicous liverworts, female and
male sex organs are borne on different and separate gametophyte plants. In monoicous
liverworts, the two
[18]
kinds of reproductive structures are borne on different branches of the same plant. In
either case, the sperm must move from the antheridia where they are produced to the
archegonium where the eggs are held. The sperm of liverworts is biflagellate, i.e. they have
two tail-like flagella that enable them to swim short distances, provided that at least a
thin film of water is present. Their journey may be assisted by the splashing of
raindrops.Some liverworts are capable of asexual reproduction; in bryophytes in general
"it would almost be true to say that vegetative reproduction is the rule and not the
exception."
As Darriwilian was marked by the beginning of the Andean-Saharan glaciation.It might be
assumed that this species died due to excessive cold

Lepidodendron whitehillianum

They were part of the Coal forests(Euramerica (Europe, eastern North America,
northwesternmost Africa) and Cathaysia (mainly China)).In which they thrived during the
Carboniferous Period (358.9 to 298.9 million years ago)

They sometimes reached heights of 50 meters (160 feet),and the trunks were often over
1m (3.3 ft) in diameter.Lepidodendron trees reproduced with spores. The spores were
stored in sporangia situated on fertile stems that grew on or near the main trunk. The
fertile stems grew together in cone-like structures that clustered at the tips of branches.

Lepidodendron and its relatives lived in the extensive peat-forming swamps of the Early
and Middle Pennsylvanian epochs (about 318 million to 307 million years ago) and became
extinct when these swamps disappeared.(The end of the Pennsylvanian Period was
marked by a dry climate. These changes were brought about by the assemblage of the
super-continent, Pangaea, and retreat of the shallow seas from interior continental
areas.).