Journal of Bodywork

and Movement Therapies

Official journal of the:
® Association of Neuromuscular Therapists, Ireland
® Australian Pilates Method Association
® Hands On Seminars, USA
® National Association of Myofascial Trigger Point Therapists, USA
® Pilates Foundation, UK
® The Fascia Research Society

Volume 24 Number 4 2020

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Jerrilyn A. Cambron LMT, DC, MPH, PhD
Lombard, IL, USA (jcambron@nuhs.edu)

ASSOCIATE EDITOR: EMERITUS

Glenn M. Hymel EdD, LMT
Department of Psychology, Loyola University, New Orleans, LA,
USA (hymel@loyno.edu)
ASSOCIATE EDITORS: PREVENTION & REHABILITATION
Warrick McNeill MCSP Matt Wallden MSc, Ost, Med, DO, ND
London, UK (Warrick@physioworks.co.uk) London, UK (mattwallden@googlemail.com)
Craig Liebenson DC
Los Angeles, CA, USA (craigliebensondc@gmail.com)
ASSOCIATE EDITOR: ASSOCIATE EDITOR: DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
MYOFASCIAL PAIN & TREATMENT Dimitrios Kostopoulos PT, MD, PhD, DSc
Jan Dommerholt PT, DPT, MPS, DAAPM Hands-on Physical Therapy, New York, NY,
Bethesda, MD, USA USA (dimi@handsonpt.org)
(dommerholt@bethesdaphysiocare.com)

ASSOCIATE EDITOR: ASSISTANT TO EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

FASCIA SCIENCE & CLINICAL APPLICATIONS Yuri Korvatko DC
Thomas Myers LMT Lombard, IL, USA
Walpole, ME, USA
(tom@anatomytrains.com)

Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies

Founded 1996 by Leon Chaitow ND DO, 1937-2018
 International Advisory Board
J. Balletto LMT R. Harter DO J. L. Oschman PhD
(Pawtucket, RI, USA) (London, UK) (Dover, NH, USA)
C. Bron PhD MPT S. D. Hunter PhD D. Peters MB CHB DO
(Groningen, The Netherlands) (Austin, TX, USA) (London, UK)
J. Carleton PhD B. Ingram-Rice OTRLMT M. S. Plumb PhD
(New York, USA) (Sarasota, FL, USA) (Melbourne, Australia)
I. Bramati Castellarin DO PhD S. Ismail DO M. M. Reinold PT, DPT, ATC, CSCS
(London, UK) (London, UK) (Boston, MA, MD, USA)
S. Chapelle RMT S. Jarrett DO G. Rich PhD
(Squamish, Canada) (London, UK) (Juneau, AK, USA)
Z. Comeaux J. Kahn PhD K. Rolfe PhD
(Lewisburg, WV, USA) (Burlington, VT, USA) (London, UK)
K. Crenshaw ATC A. B. Kennedy PhD C. Rosenholtz MA, RMT
(Phoenix, AZ, USA) (Columbia, SC, USA) (Boulder, CO, USA)
P. Davies PhD B. Kleinberg DO J. Sager DO
(London, UK) (London, UK) (London, UK)
J. Downes DC R. Lardner PT A. Salmond PT
(Marietta, GA, USA) (Chicago, IL, USA) (London, UK)
C. Fernandez de las Peñas PT, DO, PhD E. Lederman DO PhD S. Scott MA
(Madrid, Spain) (London, UK) (Castle Cary, UK)
T. M. Field PhD W. W. Lowe LMT C. Skitt PT
(Miami, FL, USA) (Bend, OR, USA) (London, UK)
L. Fortune PhD J. McEvoy PT MSC DPT MISCP MCSP R. Stanborough PT, DPT, MHSc, MTC,
(Santa Barbara, CA, USA) (Limerick, Ireland) CMTPT, FAAOMPT (St. Augustine, FL, USA)
S. Fritz LMT L. M. McLaughlin DSc PT M. Stefanakis PT, CertMDT, MManipTher, PhD
(Lapeer, MI, USA) (Oakville, ON, Canada) (Nicosia, Cyprus)
G. Fryer PhD. BSc., (Osteopath), ND C. McMakin MA DC D. Thompson LMP
(Melbourne City, Australia) (Portland, OR, USA) (Seattle, WA, USA)
C. Gilbert PhD M. Mehta DO C. Traole MCSP, SRP, MAACP, PT
(San Francisco, USA) (London, UK) (London, UK)
C. H. Goldsmith PhD C. Moyer PhD R. Travillian PhD
(Vancouver, BC, Canada) (Denver, Co) (Seattle, USA)
S. Gracovetsky PhD D. R. Murphy DC P. W. Tunnell DC, DACRB
(Ocracoke, NC, USA) (Providence, RI, USA) (Ridgefield, CT, USA)
R. Grieve PhD PT C. Norris MSc CBA MCSP SRP L. White
(Bristol, UK) (Sale, UK) (London, UK)

Fascia Science and Clinical Applications Advisory Board

S. Adstrum PT G. Hedley PhD A. Stecco MD
(Otago, New Zealand) Beverly Hills, FL, USA Padua, Italy
P. Beach DO L. Kalichman PT PhD C. Stecco MD
Wellington, New Zealand (Beer-Sheva, Israel) Padova, Italy
J. A. Day PT T. Myers LMT M. Solomonow PhD, MD(hon)
Padova, Italy Walpole, ME, USA Denver, CO, USA
T. Findley MD PhD R. Schleip PhD, MA, PT P. Tozzi MSc Ost, BSc (Hons), DO, PT
New Jersey, USA Munich, Germany Rome, Italy
W. J. Fourie MSc, PT J. Sharkey MSc, NMT
Johannesburg, South Africa (Dublin, Ireland)

Officially recognised and supported by:

The Alliance of Massage Therapy Education
The American Massage Therapy Association
Associated Bodywork and Massage Professionals
The British Orthopaedic Association
The Institute of Sport and Remedial massage
The International Association of Structural Integrators
The International College of Applied Kinesiology
The International Society of Clinical Rehabilitation Specialists
The New Zealand Manipulative Physiotherapists Association
The Organisation of Chartered Physiotherapists in Private Practice
The Rolf Institute
The Sports Massage Association
The Upledger Institute
Visit the journal website at http://www.elsevier.com/jbmt

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect
Amsterdam • Boston • London • New York • Oxford • Paris • Philadelphia • San Diego • St. Louis
Printed by Henry Ling Ltd, The Dorset Press, Dorchester, UK