Bai Tap Tense

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE ( HTD)
Exercise 1. Chuyển đổi các câu cho sẵn sang thể khẳng định, phủ
định và nghi vấn.
Thể khẳng định Thể phủ định Thể nghi vấn

We go shopping every

weekend.
Does it rain every afternoon

in the hot season?
They don’t like to hang out

during weekdays.
The Earth revolves around

the Sun.

She only eats fish.

How often do they watch

movie?
Does he drink tea for

breakfast?
I don’t know how to play

piano.

Your exam starts at 09:00.

Is London a large city?

Exercise 2. Chia động từ trong ngoặc.
1. My brother always ................................ Saturday dinner. (make)
2. Ruth ................................ eggs; they ................................ her ill. (not

eat; make)
3. "Have you got a light, by any chance?" "Sorry, I ................................"

(smoke)
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4................................ Mark ................................ to school every day? (go)
5................................ your parents ................................ your boyfriend?

(like)
6. How often ................................ you ................................ hiking? (go)
7. Where ................................ your sister ................................? (work)
8. Ann ................................. usually ................................ lunch. (not have)
9. Who ................................ the ironing in your house? (do)
10. We ................................ out once a week. (hang)
Exercise 3. Hoàn thành các câu sau (Sử dụng thể khẳng định hoặc
phủ định).
Ví dụ:0. Claire is very open-minded. She knows (know) lots of people.
-> We've got plenty of chairs, thanks. We don't want(not want) any more.
1. My friend is finding life in Paris a bit difficult. He ................................

(speak) French.
2. Most students live quite close to the college, so they .........................

(walk) there every day.
3. How often ................................ you ................................ (look) in a

mirror?
4. I've got four cats and two dogs. I ................................ (love) animals.
5. No breakfast for Mark, thanks. He ................................ (eat) breakfast.
6. What's the matter? You ................................ (look) very happy.
7. Don't try to ring the bell. It ................................ (work).
8. I hate telephone answering machines. I just ................................ (like)

talking to them.
9. Matthew is good at basketball. He ................................ (win) every

game.
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10. We always travel by bus. We ................................ (own) a car.
Exercise 4. Chia những động từ sau ở thì hiện tại đơn để tạo thành
một bài IELTS Writing task 1 có nghĩa.
The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-
making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building
purposes.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features

and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
The diagrams (1-illustrate) …………………. the way in which cement is

made and how it is then used in the process of making concrete. Overall,
limestone and clay (2-pass) ……………... through four stages before
being bagged ready for use as cement which then (3-account)
…………………. for 15% of the four materials used to produce concrete.
While the process of making cement (4-use) …………………. a number
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of tools, the production of concrete (5-require) …………………. only a
concrete mixer.
In the first stage of making cement, limestone and clay (6-be)

…………….. crushed together to form a powder. This powder (7-be)
……………… then combined in a mixer before passing into a rotating
heater which (8-have) ………………… constant heat applied at one end
of the tube. The resulting mixture is ground in order to produce cement.
The final product is afterwards put into bags ready to be used.
Regarding the second diagram, concrete (9-consist) ………………………

of mainly gravel, which is small stones, and this makes up 50% of the
ingredients. The other materials used are sand (25%), cement (15%) and
water (10%). These are all poured into a concrete mixer which continually
rotates to combine the materials and ultimately produces concrete.
(187 words, Band 9.0)
Exercise 5: Cho dạng đúng của những từ trong ngoặc để tạo thành câu
có nghĩa.
1. It (be)………………a fact that smart phone (help)………………..us a lot

in our life.
2. I often (travel)………………..to some of my favorite destinations every

summer.
3. Our Math lesson usually (finish)…………………….at 4.00 p.m.
4. The reason why Susan (not eat)……………………….meat is that she

(be)…………a vegetarian.
5. People in Ho Chi Minh City (be)………..very friendly and they (smile)

………………a lot.
6. The flight (start)………………..at 6 a.m every Thursday.
7. Peter (not study)…………………………very hard. He never gets high

scores.
8. I like oranges and she (like)……………..apples.

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9. My mom and my sister (cook)…………………….lunch everyday.
10. They (have)…………………breakfast together every morning.
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS (HTTD)
Exercise 1. Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau đây.
1. I studied Political Science at the moment and I was planning to run for
president after I hit 35.
2. Currently, I have been working as a full-time financial advisor in a

prestigious bank in Hanoi. The pay was good and I loved my job so much.
3. Honestly speaking, I learnt French only because my mother is forcing

me to. It’s so much harder than English.
4. Hi! I called to make a reservation at your restaurant at 7 p.m tomorrow.

My wife and I have celebrated our 5th year anniversary.
5. The price of petrol rose dramatically in recent years, posing a

possibility of an escalation of trade tensions.
Exercise 2. Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng từ cho trước (chia
động từ nếu cần thiết).
start get increase change rise

1. The population of the world …………………………… very fast.
2. The world …………………………. Things never stay the same.
3. The situation is already bad and it …………………………… worse.
4. The cost of living …………………………… Every year things are more

expensive.
5. The weather …………………………… to improve. The rain has

stopped, and the wind isn’t as strong.
Exercise 3. Chia động từ cho các câu sau đây.
1. My tutor (see) ………………………… me for a tutorial every Monday at

5 p.m.
2. My brother (not/study) ………………………… very hard at the moment.

I (not/think) ………………………… he’ll pass his tests.
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3. Young people (take) ………………………… up traditional style hobbies
such as knitting and walking in the countryside as of lately.
4. In my country, we (drive) ………………………… on the left-hand side

of the road.
5. My parents (travel) ………………………… around the world this

summer, and probably won’t be back for a couple of months.
6. The number of wild butterflies (fall) ………………………… dramatically

as a result of changes in farming methods.
7. More people (play) ………………………… sports on a regular basis

nowadays.
8. I have never thought of studying abroad before. I (not/leave)

………………………… Vietnam anytime soon.
9. Nowadays, people (use) ………………………… the gym or a climbing

wall as their way of sporting recreation.
10. The number of web users who shop online (increase)

………………………… due to the convenience of the Internet.
Exercise 4. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. Look! The car (go) ………………….. so fast.
2. Listen! Someone (cry) ………………….. in the next room.
3.………….. your brother (walk) ………………… a dog over there at

present?
4. Now they (try) ………………….. to pass the examination.
5. It’s 7 o’clock, and my parents (cook) ………………….. dinner in the

kitchen.
6. Be quiet! You (talk) ………………….. so loudly.
7. I (not stay) ………………….. at home at the moment.
8. Now she (lie) ………………….. to her mother about her bad marks.
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9. At the present, they (travel) ………………….. to Washington.
10. He (not work) ………………….. in the construction site now.
Exercise 5: Dịch những câu sau sang tiếng Anh có sử dụng thì hiện
tại tiếp diễn.
1. Bố mẹ tôi đang tận hưởng kỳ nghỉ hè của họ tại Miami.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Họ đang uống cà phê với đối tác.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Nhìn kìa! Trời bắt đầu mưa!
…………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Họ đang mua một vài chiếc bánh ngọt cho bọn trẻ ở nhà.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Em trai của bạn đang làm gì rồi?
…………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Họ đang đi đâu vậy?
…………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Có phải Peter đang đọc sách trong phòng không?
…………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Bạn nên mang theo một chiếc áo. Trời đang trở lạnh đấy!
…………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Lisa đang ăn trưa ở căng-tin với bạn thân của cô ấy.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Bố tôi đang sửa chiếc xe đạp của tôi.
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…………………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 6: Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng cho mỗi câu sau.
1. Andrew has just started evening classes. He ................. German.
A. are learning B. is learning C. am learning D. learning
2. The workers ................................a new house right now.
A. are building B. am building C. is building D. build
3. Tom ............................. two poems at the moment?
A. are writing B. are writeing C.is writeing D. is writing
4. The chief engineer .................................... all the workers of the plant

now.
A. is instructing B. are instructing C. instructs D. instruct
5. He .......................... his pictures at the moment.
A. isn’t paint B. isn’t painting C. aren’t painting D. don’t

painting
6. We ...............................the herbs in the garden at present.
A. don’t plant B. doesn’t plant C. isn’t planting D. aren’t

planting
7. They ........................ the artificial flowers of silk now?
A. are.......... makeing B. are......... making C. is........... making D.

is ........... making
8. Your father ...............................your motorbike at the moment.
A. is repairing B. are repairing C. don’t repair D. doesn’t

repair
9. Look! The man ......................... the children to the cinema.
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A. is takeing B. are taking C. is taking D. are
takeing
10. Listen! The teacher.......................a new lesson to us.
A. is explaining B. are explaining C. explain D.

explains
11. They ………… …….. tomorrow.
A. are coming B. is coming C. coming D. comes
Exercise 7: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. Are you do homework right now?
……………………………………………
2. The children play football in the back yard at the moment.
……………………………………………
3. What does your elder sister doing?
……………………………………………
4. Look! Those people are fight with each other.
……………………………………………
5. Noah is tries very hard for the upcoming exam.
……………………………………………
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PRESENT PERFECT (HTHT)
Base form Past tense Past Participle Base form Past tense Past Participle
be was/were been let let let
begin began begun lie lay lain
break broke broken lose lost lost
bring brought brought make made made
buy bought bought mean meant meant
build built built meet met met
choose chose chosen pay paid paid
come came come put put put
cost cost cost run ran run
cut cut cut say said said
do did done see saw seen
draw drew drawn sell sold sold
drive drove driven send sent sent
eat ate eaten set set set
feel felt felt sit sat sat
find found found speak spoke spoken
get got got spend spent spent
give gave given stand stood stood
go went gone take took taken
have had had teach taught taught
hear heard heard tell told told
hold held held think thought thought
keep kept kept understand understood understood
know knew known wear wore worn
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leave left left win won won
lead led led write wrote written
Exercise 1. Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
1. Although the local authorities (take) …………………………………

some methods to solve the pollution issue, there seems to be little
improvement in the air quality.
2. Xuan Bac, a well-known comedian, (start)

………………………………… acting since he was a student in the
University of Stage and Cinematography.
3. I (be) ………………………………… to some places in the world.

However, Singapore is the most beautiful country that I (ever/ visit)
………………………………….
4. I (collect) ………………………………… a lot of relevant information for

the final evaluation essay.
5. The person that I admire the most in my life is my lecturer, Ms. Linh,
who (do) ………………………………… a lot of research that is related to
foreign affairs.
Exercise 2. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.

1. The last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago.
→ She hasn't..................................................................................................................................
2. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago.
→ He has......................................................................................................................................
3. It has been 5 years since we first flew to Singapore.
→ We have...................................................................................................................................
4. I last had my hair cut in November.
→ I haven't...................................................................................................................................
5. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago.
→ We haven't...............................................................................................................................
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6. It has been a long time since we last met.
→ We haven't...............................................................................................................................
7. When did you have it?
→ How long................................................................................................................................?
8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
→ I have never.............................................................................................................................
9. I haven't seen him for 8 days.
→ The last....................................................................................................................................
10. Today is Saturday. I haven't taken a bath since Wednesday.
→ It..............................................................................................................................................
Exercise 3. Chia các động từ sau ở thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn hoặc Hiện
tại hoàn thành.
1. My father (not/ play) ................................... any sport since last year.
2. Some people (attend) ................................... the meeting right now.
3. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have) ................................... one since

Thursday.
4. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see) ................................

each other for 5 years.
5. Where is your mother? - She (have) ................................... dinner in

the kitchen.
6. Why are all these people here? What (happen) ...................................?
7. I (just/ realize) ................................... that there are only four weeks to

the end of term.
8. The train drivers (go) ................................... on strike and they stopped

working at twelve o’clock.
9. At the present, he (compose) ................................... a piece of music.
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Exercise 4: Chia các động từ sau ở thì phù hợp. (Sử dụng thì hiện
tại tiếp diễn và hiện tại hoàn thành)
1. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
2. Some people (attend).............the meeting right now.
3. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)……………………one since

Thursday.
4. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)……………………each

other for five years.
5. Where is your mother? She...........................(have) dinner in the

kitchen.
6. Why are all these people here? What (happen)................................?
7. I………………….just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks

to the end of term.
8. She (finish) ... reading two books this week.
9. At present, he (compose)........................a piece of music.
10. We (have)........................dinner in a restaurant right now.
Exercise 5: Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. She started to live in Hanoi 2 years ago. (for)
-> …………………………………………………
2. He began to study English when he was young. (since)
-> …………………………………………………
3. I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This is)
-> …………………………………………
4. I have never seen such a beautiful girl before. (She is)
-> …………………………………………
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5. This is the best novel I have ever read. (before)
-> …………………………………………
Exercise 6: Viết lại các câu sau dựa trên các từ cho sẵn có sử dụng
thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
1. We/ not eat/ out/ since/ mom’s birthday.
…………………………………………..
2. How/ long/ you/ live/ here?
…………………………………………..
3. You/ ever/ been/ Russia?
…………………………………………..
4. She/ not/ meet/ kids/ since Christmas.
…………………………………………..
5. They/ repair/ lamps/ yet?
…………………………………………..
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Phân biệt thì HTHT và HTHTTD
Với cùng một câu văn, việc sử dụng 2 thì này sẽ mang lại những sắc thái nghĩa khác nhau.
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Nhấn mạnh vào sự liên tục của hành động, khoảng

Chức Nhấn mạnh vào kết quả thời gian mà hành động đó tiêu tốn, nhưng chưa có
năng của hành động kết quả rõ rệt, do đó, hành động ấy có thể vẫn tiếp
tục xảy ra trong tương lai
- She has learned how to

drive a car. (= She has
finished learning and she
- She has been learning how to drive a car for weeks.
can drive now. Cô ấy đã
(= She hasn’t finished learning yet. Cô ấy học lái xe
học lái xe xong rồi, tức là
mấy tuần nay nhưng vẫn chưa xong, vẫn chưa lái
bây giờ cô ấy lái được xe
đươc, và vẫn sẽ phải học tiếp.)
Ví dụ rồi.)
- The students have been doing their homework for
- The students have done
hours. (= They haven’t finished the homework yet,
their homework. (= The
các em học sinh đã làm bài trong nhiều giờ nhưng
students have finished
vẫn chưa hoàn thành.)
doing their homework.
Các em học sinh đã làm
xong bài tập rồi.)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Exercise 1. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Hiện tại
hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
1.She (work) ……………………………….. here for five years.
2.I (study) ……………………………….. all day.
3.You (eat) ……………………………….. a lot recently.
4.We (live) ……………………………….. in London for six months.
5.He (play) ……………………………….. football, so he's tired.
6.They (learn) ……………………………….. English for two years.

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7.My mom (cook) ……………………………….. so the kitchen is really hot.
8.She (go) ……………………………….. to the cinema every weekend for

years.
9.It (rain) ……………………………….. so the pavement is wet.
10.You (sleep) ……………………………….. for twelve hours.
11.I (not/work) ……………………………….. today.
12.You (not/eat) ……………………………….. well recently.
13.We (not/exercise) ……………………………….. enough.
14.She (not/study) ………………………………..
15.They (not/live) ……………………………….. here for very long.
16.It (not/snow) ………………………………...
17.He (not/play) ……………………………….. football for five years.
18.We (not/drink) ……………………………….. enough water, that's why

we feel tired.
19.I (not/sleep) ……………………………….., I was reading.
20.They (not/watch) ……………………………….. TV much recently.
1.He (work) ……………………………….. in this company since 1985.
2.I (wait) ……………………………….. for you since two o'clock.
3.Mary (live) ……………………………….. in Germany since 1992.
4.Why is he so tired? He (play) ……………………………….. tennis for

five hours.
5.How long (you/learn) ……………………………….. English?
6.We (look for) ……………………………….. the motorway for more than

an hour.
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7.I (live) ……………………………….. without electricity for two weeks.
8.The film (not/run) ……………………………….. for ten minutes yet, but

there's a commercial break already.
9.How long (she/work) ……………………………….. in the garden?
10.She (not/be) ……………………………….. in the garden for more than

an hour.
Exercise 3. Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.
1.It has ………………… snowing a lot this week.
2.………………… your brother and sister been getting along?
3.Rick ………………… been studying hard this semester.
4.I'm tired because I ………………… been working out.
5.Julie ………………… living in Italy since May.
6.Did you know he's been teaching German ………………… fifteen

years?
7.We have been watching TV ………………… we had dinner.
8.He has ………………… too hard today.
9.Has it ………………… raining since you arrived?
10.My brother has been travelling ………………… two months.
1.I'm bored. It (rain) ……………………………….. for hours so I can't go

out.
2.(You/use) ……………………………….. my computer again?
3.My neighbour's children (argue) ……………………………….. all

morning.
4.You (not study) ……………………………….. for the maths exam.

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5.Mel looks really tired. (she/work) ……………………………….. all night?
6.The kitchen's a mess because we (make) ………………………………..

a birthday cake for Dad.
7.I (read) ……………………………….. an interesting book about the

history of computers.
8.Jim (not do) ……………………………….. his homework. He's been

texting his friends.
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PAST SIMPLE (QKD)
Exercise 1[1]: Cho dạng đúng của những từ trong ngoặc sau để tạo
thành một bài IELTS Writing Task 1 có nghĩa.
The line graph (1-compare)__________________ three types of traveler

to New Zealand between 1997 and 2017 in terms of their average daily
expenditure.
It is noticeable that spending by these international visitors (2-be) at its

highest between the years 2000 and 2003. Overall, business travelers (3-
spend)______________ the most per day, while people visiting friends or
relatives (4-spend)________________the least.
In 1997, business visitors to New Zealand spent an average of almost

$260 per day, while holidaymakers spent around $190 and people visiting
friends or relatives spent less than $120. Over the following five years,
spending by all three types of traveler (5-increase)_______________
dramatically, to peaks of around $330, $270 and $220. However, visitor
spending suddenly (6-fall)___________ again between 2003 and 2005.
From 2005 to 2015, the daily expenditure of business travelers and

tourists (7-fluctuate)___________ around the $200 mark, whereas people
visiting relations or friends spent roughly 60 to 80 dollars less per day. By
2017, daily spending had risen to approximately $250, $210 and $140
respectively for vacationers, business people and those visiting loved
ones.
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Exercise 2: Cho dạng đúng của những từ trong ngoặc sau để tạo
thành một bài IELTS Speaking part 2 có nghĩa.
I can remember many happy events of my life and out of those, I would
like to talk about the event that I can still remember vividly. It (1-
be)_________ indeed an exhilarating event and that was regarding my
success in the board final exam. The moment I (2-hear)__________ that I
had been awarded a scholarship for my performance in the board exam, I
(3-become)___________ the happiest man in the world. This (4-
be)________ truly a felicitous moment for me as it is something I was
looking forward to very eagerly and the news (5-make)_________ my
parents quite happy and proud. I would like to thank you for letting me talk
about this event.
I (6-wait) ___________almost a month with great anxiety for my result. I

(7-start)______________ speculating so many things and many of them
were negative. I could hardly stop thinking about my upcoming result
during this period. The result was highly important and my college
admission was dependent on it. I could not sleep well the night before the
result publishing day. I think it is common for students to worry about their
results, especially for important exams, and I was familiar with this type of
concern. However, I have to admit that I had been more worried about it
than other exam results I can remember.
The result was published at around 11.00 am and I (8-find)_________
that I did exceptionally well. I was so relieved and happy that I was on
cloud nine. Then I hurriedly returned home and gave the news to my
parents. They were very happy. My father, who barely expresses his
emotions (9-be)__________ also very pleased, and my mother called a
few of our relatives to share the good news. I felt excited, happy and
relieved. At that time I was about 15 years old. It (10-happen)__________
in our hometown called (... say the name of your hometown...). It was so
pleasant an event that I still remember every bit of it.
Exercise 3: Hoàn thành câu với những từ cho trước.
1. I/ move/ Hanoi/ when/ I/ in/ high school.
2. My family/ use/ eat out/ every weekend/ then/ go/ cinema/ watch/
latest/ blockbuster.
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3. My sister/ spend/ $500/ her birthday party/ last year/ because/ it/ her
30 th
4. I/ buy/ Sarah/ farewell gift/ because/ she/ leave/ Sydney/ next month.
5. There/ massive/ traffic jam/ Melrose Avenue/ because/ car accident/

happen/ an hour/ before/ I/ get/ there.
6. I/ guess/ Vietnamese people/ not use/ celebrate/ Christmas.
7. I/ not able/ buy/ bag/ at first/ because/ expensive/ but/ it/ on sale/ a few
days later/ so/ I/ decide/ buy/ it.
Exercise 4. Chia các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn.
1. I ………………. at home last weekend. (stay)
2. Angela ………………. to the cinema last night. (go)
3. I and my friends ………………. a great time in Nha Trang last year.

(have)
4. My vacation in Hue last summer ………………. wonderful. (be)
5. Last June I ………………. Ngoc Son Temple in Ha Noi. (visit)
6. My parents ………………. very tired after the trip. (be)
7. I ………………. a lot of gifts for my little sister. (buy)
8. Lan and Mai ………………. sharks, dolphins and turtles at Tri Nguyen
aquarium. (see)
9. Trung ………………. chicken and rice for dinner. (eat)
10. They ………………. about their holiday in Hoi An. (talk).
Exercise 5. Mỗi câu sau đây có một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. At present, I’m work as a teacher in a secondary school and I plan to work here
for 2 or 3 years before going to Australia to study.
……..…………………………………………………………………………………………
22
2. Fire are one of the most important inventions in history.
……..…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Beyoncé was now a very well-known all over the world and she has released
several albums in her singing career.
……..…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. In the future, I came back to Indonesia to work after having a long vacation in
Japan.
……..…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. They haven’t seen each other since a long time.
……..…………………………………………………………………………………………
23
PAST CONTINUOUS
Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong bài tập dưới đây để
tạo thành một phần Nói trong IELTS hoàn chỉnh.
1. Let me tell you about one of the craziest moments I’ve experienced in
my life. A few weeks ago I ………………(meet) my brother and his wife at
the airport. They ………………(go) to Paris for their honeymoon and I
………………(go) to Rome. We ………………(have) a chat while we
………………(wait) for our flights. It ………………(go) so well when
suddenly a man ………………(shout) out loud and ………………(claim)
that he ………………(carry) a bomb. Luckily, the security guard
………………(notice) something strange with the ticking sounds of the so-
called ‘bomb’ and eventually ………………(find) out that it ………………
(be)
2. Let me talk about that one time I nearly got into an accident. I
………………(cycle) home when a man ………………(step) out into the
road in front of me. I ………………(go) quite fast, but luckily I
………………(manage) to stop in time and ………………(not hit) him. The
man quickly ………………(apologize) and ………………(explain) that he
………………(think) about something else and ………………(not pay)
Exercise 2: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong mỗi câu sau đây.
1. I was play football when she called me.
2. Was you study Math at 5 p.m. yesterday?
3. What was she do while her mother was making lunch?
4. Where did you went last Sunday?
5. Peter turn on the TV, but nothing happened.
6. He got up early and have breakfast with his family yesterday morning.
7. She didn't broke the flower vase. Tom did.
8. Last week my friend and I go to the beach on the bus.
9. While I am listening to music, I heard the doorbell.
24
Exercise 3: Chia động từ ở các câu sau đây
1. I (walk)___________down the street when it began to rain.
2. At this time last year, I (attend)__________an English course.
3. Jim (stand) ________ under the tree when he heard an explosion.
4. The boy fell and hurt himself while he (ride)_________ a bicycle.
5. When we met them last year, they (live)______ in Santiago.
6. The tourist lost his camera while he (walk) _____ around the city.
7. The lorry (go) _____ very fast when it hit our car.
8. While I (study)_____in my room, my roommates (have)________ a

party in the other room.
9. Mary and I (dance)_________ the house when the telephone rang.
10. We (sit)________ in the café when they saw us.
Exercise 4. What were you doing at these times? Viết câu trả lời sử
dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn nếu cần thiết.
e.g: (at 5 o’clock last Monday) I was on a bus on my way home.
1.(at 8 o’clock yesterday evening)

……………………………………………………………
2.(at 10:15 yesterday morning)

……………………………………………………………….
3.(at 4:30 this morning)

………………………………………………………………………
4.(at 7:45 yesterday evening)

………………………………………………………………...
5.(half an hour ago)

…………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 5. Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn.
25
1. ‘What ……………… (you/do) at this time yesterday?’ ‘I was asleep.’
2.How fast ……………… (you/drive) when the accident ………………

(happen)?
3.I haven’t seen my best friend for ages. When I last ……………… (see)
him, he ……………… (try) to find a job.
4.I ……………… (walk) along the street when suddenly I ………………

(hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody ……………… (follow) me. I was
scared and I ……………… (start) to run.
5.Last night I ……………… (drop) a plate when I ……………… (do) the

washing-up. Fortunately it ……………… (not/break).
6.I ……………… (open) the letter when the wind ……………… (blow) it
out of my hand.
7.The burglar ……………… (open) the safe when he ……………… (hear)

footsteps. He immediately ……………… (put) out his torch and
……………… (crawl) under the bed.
8.As I ……………… (cross) the road I ……………… (step) on a banana

skin and ……………… (fall) heavily.
9.Just as I ……………… (wonder) what I should do next, the acceptance

letter came in my mailbox.
Exercise 6. Chia động từ ở dạng Quá khứ đơn và Quá khứ tiếp diễn
để hoàn thành đoạn văn sau.
On my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I (go)

1…………………………. to the beach for the first time, something
wonderful happened. I (swim) 2…………………………. in the sea while
my mother was sleeping in the sun. My brother was building a castle and
my father (drink) 3…………………………. some water. Suddenly I (see)
4…………………………. a boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the
water in the sea and his hair (be) 5…………………………. beautiful black.
He was very tall and thin and his face was brown. My heart (beat)
6…………………………. fast. I (ask) 7…………………………. him for his
name with a shy voice. He (tell) 8…………………………. me that his
name was John. He (stay) 9…………………………. with me the whole
26
afternoon. In the evening, we met again. We ate pizza in a restaurant.
The following days we (have) 10…………………………. a lot of fun
together. At the end of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-bye to
John. We had tears in our eyes. He wrote to me a letter very soon and I
answered him.
Exercise 7. Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng ý tưởng của chính bạn, sử
dụng thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn.
1.At 8 o’clock yesterday evening, I

……………………………………………………………
2.At 5 o’clock last Monday,

………………………………………………………...…………
3.At 10:15 yesterday morning,

……………………………………………………...…………
4.At 7:45 yesterday evening,

……………………………………………………..……………
5.Half an hour ago,

……………………………………………………………........…………
6.Matt phoned while we ……………………………………………………….

………………
7.The doorbell rang while I

……………………………………………………………………
8.We saw an accident while we ……………….

………………………………………………
9.Ann fell asleep while she ………………….

…………………………………………………
10.The television was on, but nobody

……………………………………………………….…
27
PAST PERFECT
(Sử dụng quá khứ đơn - quá khứ hoàn thành)
Exercise 1: Chia động từ ở các câu sau đây.
1. They (go) ……………..home after they (finish) ………………… their work.
2. She said that she (already, see) ……………………. Dr. Rice.
3. After taking a bath, he (go) ………………………….. to bed.
4. He told me he (not/eat) ………………………… such kind of food before.
5. When he came to the stadium, the match (already/ begin)

………………………………….
6. Before she (watch) ………………….. TV, she (do) ………………. homework.
7. What (do) …………….. he before he went to the airport?
8. After they (go) ………………………, I (sit) ……………….. down and (watch)

…………..TV
9. Yesterday, John (go) ………………….. to the store before he (go) …………………

home.
10. She (win) ………………………. the gold medal in 1986.
Exercise 2: Viết lại câu dựa vào những từ cho sẵn.
1. David had gone home before we arrived.
=> After…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops.
=> Before……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office.
=> When…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work.
=> By the time …………………………………………………………………………….
28
5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came
home.
=> Before………………………………………………………………………………….
1. Before they came to visit my grandparents, I have already cleaned the house.
2. After Jimmy had gone home, I was doing the shopping.
3. She had come to the cinema before I do.
4. When they arrived, John goes away.
5. I had prepared for the exam and am ready to do well.
29
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1.I (work) ……………………………….. all day, so I didn't want to go out.
2.She (sleep) ……………………………….. for ten hours when I woke her

up.
3.They (live) ……………………………….. in Beijing for three years when

he lost his job.
4.By the time we met, he (work) ……………………………….. at that

company for six months.
5.We (eat) ……………………………….. all day, so we were full.
6.He was red in the face because he (run) ………………………………..
7.It (rain) ……………………………….. and the road was covered in water.
8.I was really tired because I (study) ………………………………..
9.We (date) ……………………………….. three years before we got

married.
10.It (snow) ……………………………….. for three days.
1.We (sleep) ……………………………….. for 12 hours when he woke us

up.
2.They (wait) ……………………………….. at the station for 90 minutes

when the train finally arrived.
3.By 9 p.m yesterday, we (chat) ……………………………….. for two

hours.
4.I (not/walk) ……………………………….. for a long time when the speed

walking contest was organized.
5.How long (learn/she) ……………………………….. English before she

went to London?
30
6.Frank caught the flu because he (sing) ……………………………….. in
the rain for too long.
7.He (drive) ……………………………….. for less than an hour by the time

his car ran out of petrol.
8.They were very tired in the evening because they (help)

……………………………….. on the farm all day.
9.I (not/work) ……………………………….. all day; so I wasn't tired and

went to the disco at night.
10.They (cycle) ……………………………….. all day so their legs were

sore in the evening.
31
FUTURE SIMPLE
Exercise 1. Dùng từ gợi ý viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
1.She/ hope/ that/ Mary/ come/ party/ tonight.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………
2.I/ finish/ my report/ 2 days.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………
3.If/ you/ not/ study/ hard/,/ you/ not/ pass/ final/ exam.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………
4.You/ look/ tired,/ so/ I/ bring/ you/ something/ eat.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………
5.you/ please/ give/ me/ lift/ station?

…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………
1.They (do) ……………… it for you tomorrow.
2.My father (call) ……………… you in 5 minutes.
3.We believe that she (recover) ………………from her illness soon.
4.I promise I (return) ……………… school on time.
5.If it rains, he (stay) ……………… at home.
Exercise 3. Chọn đáp án đúng.
1.In two days, I ………………….. my results.
A.will know B. would know C. will be knowing
2.‘There is the doorbell.’ - ‘I ………………..’
32
A.would go B. am going C. will go
3.You …………………… about the decision that you made today.
A.will be regretting B. will regret C. would regret
4.We ………………….. what happened to her.
A.would never know B. will never know C. will never be knowing
5.The whole nation ……………….. proud of you.
A.is B. will be C. would be
6.That …………………. our gift to the school.
A.will be B. would be C. will have been
7.Kind words ………………….. others joy.
A.will give B. would give C. will be giving
8.This piece of wisdom ………………. you ten dollars.
A.will cost B. would cost C. will be costing
9.You …………………… my position.
A.will never understand B. would never understand C. never understand
10.Someday I ........................ a novel.
A.will be writing B. will write C. would write
11.I ……………………. this.
A.will not accept B. would not accept C. will not be accepting
12.He ……………………… the test.
A.cannot pass B. will not pass C. will not be passing
Exercise 4. Hoàn thành các câu sau.
1.A: “There's someone at the door.”

33
B: “I …………………………………………. (get) it.”
2.Joan thinks the Conservatives ……………………………… (win) the

next election.
3.A: “I’m moving house tomorrow.”
B: “I ……………………………………… (come) and help you.”
4.If she passes the exam, she ………………………………………. (be)

very happy.
5.I ………………………………………. (be) there at four o'clock, I promise.
6.A: “I’m cold.”
B: “I ………………………………………. (turn) on the fire.”
7.A: “She's late.”
B: “Don't worry she ………………………………………. (come).”
8.The meeting ………………………………………. (not take) place at 6

p.m.
9.If you eat all of that cake, you ………………………………………. (feel)

sick.
10.They ………………………………………. (be) at home at 10 o'clock.
11.I'm afraid I ………………………………………. (not/ be) able to come

tomorrow.
12.Because of the train strike, the meeting

………………………………………. (not/ take) place at 9 o'clock.
13.A: “Go and tidy your room.”
B: “I ………………………………………. (not/ do) it!”
14.In my opinion, she ………………………………………. (not/ pass) the

exam.
15.A: “I'm driving to the party, would you like a lift?”

34
B: “Okay, I………………………………………. (not/ take) the bus, I'll come
with you.”
NEAR FUTURE
Exercise 1. Chọn dạng đúng của động từ để hoàn thành câu.
1.His mother is going to ............................ shopping tomorrow morning.

(go/ goes)
2.They are going to ............................ TV this evening. (watch/ watches)
3.I am going to ............................ blindman’s buff tomorrow. (play/ plays)
4.We are going to ............................ to music tonight. (listen/ listens)
5.Is she going to ............................ Math next Monday? (have/ has)
1.I completely forgot about this. Give me a moment, I .................. do it

now.
B.will B. am going C. is going to
2.Tonight, I .................. stay home. I've rented a video.
A.am going to B. will C. Both A and B
3.I feel dreadful. I .................. sick.
A. am going to be B. will be C. Both A and B
4.If you have any problem, don't worry. I .................. help you.
A. will B. am going to C. Both A and B
5.If I see Mark, I .................. tell him about you.
A. will B. am going to C. Both A and B
6.Where are you going?
A. I am going to see a friend B. I'll see a friend C. I went to a friend
35
7.That's the phone./ I .................. answer it.
A.will B. am going to C. Both A and B
8.Look at those clouds. It .................. rain now.
A.will B. is going to C. Both A and B
9.Thanks for your offer. But I am OK. Shane .................. help me.
A.is going to B. will C. Both A and B
10.The weather forecast says it .................. rain tomorrow.
A.is going to B. will C. Both A and B
11.Tea or coffee?
A.I’m going to have tea, please. B. I'll have tea, please. C. I want to drink.
Exercise 3. Sắp xếp các từ đã cho thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
1.She/ TV/ watch/ is/ tonight./ going to

…………………………………………………………………………………..…
2.They/ Ha noi/come to/ are/ with their parents/ going to/ next summer.
…………………………………………………………………………………..…
3.Minh/ not/ play/ video games/ next Sunday./ going to/ is

…………………………………………………………………………………..…
4.your mother/ books/ read/ Is/ tonight?/ going to

…………………………………………………………………………………..…
5.Her brother/ going to/ walk/ tomorrow evening./ in the park/ is

…………………………………………………………………………………..…
36
1.I think the exam will be very difficult and you are not studying at all.
A. You are not going to fail the exam.
B. You are not passing the exam.
C. You are not going to pass the exam.
2.Get down off that table. It doesn't look very stable at all.
A. You are going to stand on the table.
B. You are going fall off the table.
C. You are going to fall off the table.
3.The lion is chasing the deer and the deer has an injured leg.
A. The deer is going to escape.
B. The lion is going to catch the deer.
C. The deer is going to catch the lion.
4.It is raining very hard and Liam is walking in the street without an
umbrella.
A. Liam is going to get very wet.
B. It is going to rain.
C. Liam is going to forget his umbrella.
5.The wind is blowing very hard and one of the big trees in the garden is
making strange creaking noises.
A. It is going to rain.
B. The tree is going to creak.
C. The tree is going to fall down.
6.The room is full of dust and John is holding his nose and making a
strange expression with his face.
37
A. John is going to clean the room.
B. John is going sneeze.
C. John is going to sneeze.
7.The Chicago Bulls are winning the basketball match against the Los
Angeles Lakers by 98 points to 81. There are only 90 seconds left.
A. The LA Lakers going to lose the match.
B. The Chicago Bulls will win the match.
C. The Chicago Bulls is going to win the match.
8.It is raining and the sky is very dark. The temperature is falling very
quickly and there are gritting lorries out in the town.
A. There is going to be bad weather.
B. It is going to snow.
C. It is going to cold.
9.Molly is an emotional type. She is watching a very sad film and the
heroine has just died. Molly is reaching for her tissues.
A. Molly is going to cry.
B. Molly is going to telephone her friend.
C. Molly is going to watch a film.
10.The fishing boat has a hole in its side and the waves are getting higher
and higher.
A. The fishing boat is going to sink.
B. The fishing boat going to sink.
C. The fishing boat is going to the home port.
38
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Bài 1: Điền vào chỗ trống
1. At midnight we (sleep) ____.
2. This time next week we (sit) ____ at the beach.
3. At nine I (watch) ____ the news.
4. Tonight we (cram up) ____ for our English test.
5. They (dance) ____ all night.
6. He (not/play) ____ all afternoon.
7. I (not/work) ____ all day.
8. (eat/you) ____ at six?
9. (drive/she) ____ to London?
10. (fight/they) ____ again?
1. Peggy (to come) ____ to the party on Saturday.
2. We (to meet) ____ him tomorrow. (to meet)
3. This time next week he (to fly) ____ to South Africa.
4. At 6 o'clock on Friday they (to sing) ____ the new song.
5. It (to rain/probably) ____ when I reach Bangkok.
6. Tomorrow at nine I (to rain/probably) ____ a test.
7. Andy (to watch) ____ a video when I arrive tonight.
8. You (to eat) ____ pizza soon.
9. She (to sleep) ____ when you telephone her.
10. They (to arrive) ____ in Budapest just about now.

39
FUTURE PERFECT
1. I (leave) ____ by six.
2. (You/finish) ____ the report by the deadline?
3. When (we/do) ____ everything?
4. She (finish) ____ her exams by then, so we can go out for dinner.
5. You (read) ____ the book before the next class.
6. She (not/finish) ____ work by seven.
7. When (you/complete) ____ the work?
8. They (arrive) ____ by dinner time.
9. We (be) ____ in London for three years next week.
10. (She/get) ____ home by lunch time?
11. (you/do) ____ everything by seven?
12. (not/eat) ____ before we come, so we'll be hungry.
13. (he/finish) ____ his exams when we go on holiday?
14. (we/arrive) ____ by the time it gets dark?
15. How long (you/know) ____ your boyfriend when you get married?
16. He (not/complete) ____ the project by July.
17. I (not/finish) ____ the essay by the weekend.
18. Why (she/finish) ____ the cleaning by six?
19. How long (you/be) ____ in this company when you retire?
20. They (not/go) ____ at six.

40
1. Anne (to repair) ____ her bike next week.
2. We (to do) ____ the washing by 8 o'clock.
3. She (to visit) ____ Paris by the end of next year.
4. I (to finish) ____ this by 6 o'clock.
5. Sam (to leave) ____ by next week.
6. She (to discuss) ____ this with her mother tonight.
7. The police (to arrest) ____ the driver.
8. They (to write) ____ their essay by tomorrow.
9. Paolo (to manage) ____ the teams.
10. If we can do that - then we (to fulfil) ____ our mission.
41
TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
Bài 1: Điền vào chỗ trống.
1. They (watch) ____ TV all day.
2. In half an hour she (work) ____ for six hours without a break.
3. In two months I (teach) ____ English at this school for ten years.
4. Next week you (live) ____ in your new house for a year.
5. My friends (lie) ____ on the beach all holiday.
Bài 2: Hoàn thành những câu hỏi sau.
1. (How long/we/wait/for her) ____ by now?
2. (How long/they/run) ____
3. (How long/she/learn/English) ____
4. (How long/they/go out together) ____
5. (How long/he/do/this) ____
1. By the end of the week I (work) ____ will have been working here for
four months.
2. By the end of this month we (live) ____ together for six years.
3. By the end of the term she (study) ____ for nine years.
4. By midnight we (play) ____ this computer game for 48 hours.
5. She (talk) ____ on the phone for the last couple of hours.
6. They (look for) ____ me all night long.
7. He (play) ____ soccer all day long.
8. You (watch) ____ TV all the time.
42
9. He (not/sleep) ____ all morning.
10. (Wait/they) ____ for 2 hours?
1. I (work) ____ all weekend so I won't be energetic on Sunday night.
2. How long (you/wait) ____ when you finally get your exam results?
3. Julie (not/eat) ____ much, so we'll need to make sure she has a good
meal when she arrives.
4. How long (she/plan) ____ to move house when she finally moves?
5. (She/wait) ____ long by the time we get there?
6. (He/play) ____ computer games for ten hours when he finally stops?
7. (study) ____ all day, so they'll want to go out in the evening.
8. They (not/stay) ____ in the hotel for long when she arrives.
9. I (not/walk) ____ when I meet you â€“ I'll have been cycling.
10. She (play) ____ squash, so she won't be dressed up.
11. We (look) ____ at houses for four months next Tuesday.
12. We (not/do) ____ this project for long when the inspector arrives.
13. How long (you/work) ____ on this project when it is finished?
14. (you/buy) ____ clothes when I see you?
15. He (not/do) ____ much work, so he'll be happy to start a new project.
16. How long (the children/sleep) ____ in the living room when their new
bedroom is ready?
17. How long (he/train) ____ when he enters the competition?
18. (You/take) ____ exams the day we meet?
43
19. I (answer) ____ students' questions all morning, so I'll want a quiet
lunch.
20. (They/travel) ____ for long when they arrive?
1. I (work) ____, so I'll be tired.
2. She (play) ____ tennis, so she'll be hungry.
3. We (walk) ____ all day, so we'll want to relax in the evening.
4. He (cook) ____, so the kitchen will be warm.
5. They (travel) ____, so they'll want to go to bed early.
6. I (work) ____ in this company for twenty years when I retire.
7. She (see) ____ her boyfriend for three years when they get married.
8. We (live) ____ here for ten years next month.
9. He (study) ____ English for three years when he takes the exam.
10. I (sleep) ____ for three hours at 10pm.
44
ĐỘNG TỪ (VERBS) TRONG TIẾNG ANH
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành các câu sau.
1. They (build) ______________ a hotel in the city center last year.

A. build B. built C. building C. were built
2. Look! The bus (come) ______________.

A. comes B. coming C. is coming D. come
3. My parents are saving money because they (buy) ______________ a

new house next year.
A. buy B. are buy C. buying D. are going to buy
4. We’ll go out when the rain (stop) ______________.

A. stops B. stopped C. is stopped D. stopping
5. Mr. An (be)______________ a doctor. He (work)______________ in a

hospital.
A. is – worked B. was - worked C. is – works D. is - work
6. We (visit) ______________ our grandparents last week.

A. are visiting B. visited C. visiting D. visit
7. You should (go) ______________ to bed early.

A. go B. to go C. went D. going
8. ______________you (drive) ______________ a car?

A. Do – can drive B. Can – drive C. Did – can drive D. Can – do drive
9. My mother (not like) ______________ cats.

A. isn’t like B. don’t like C. doesn’t like D. isn’t liking
10. ______________she (prepare) ______________ her trip now?

A. Does - prepares B. Is - prepare
C. Is – preparing D. Does - prepare
Exercise 2: Trong các câu sau đây, không phải câu nào cũng có lỗi
sai. Tìm và sửa lỗi sai ở những câu có lỗi sai và nếu thấy câu nào
đúng, hãy đánh dấu tick ().
1. My father used to giving me some good advice whenever I had a

problem.
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2. The sellers doesn’t want to sell things at a lower price.
3. If you don’t arrive soon, you did not have a seat in the conference.
4. There is differences and similarities between Vietnamese and

American culture.
5. Let’s wait until the rain will stop.
6. George hasn’t completed the assignment yet, and Maria doesn’t,

either.
7. There are many frequently mentioned reasons why one out of four
arrests involve a juvenile.
8. Even though they are among the smallest carnivores, weasels will
attacked animals that are twice their size.
9. Because of refraction, the water in a tank never looks as deeply as it

actually is.
10. Today was such beautiful day that I couldn’t bring myself to complete
all my chores.
Exercise 3: Chia động từ ở thì phù hợp để hoàn thành một bài IELTS
Writing Task 2 hoàn chỉnh.
Caring for children is probably the most important job in any society.
Because of this, all mothers and fathers should be required to take a
course that prepares them to be good parents. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this view?
It (1-be)_______ true that parents shoulder a huge responsibility and that

raising children is by no means an easy task. However, I completely
disagree with the idea that we should therefore (2-force)___________all
mothers and fathers to attend parenting courses.
In my opinion, the idea that all future parents should take a parenthood
preparation course is completely impractical. Many prospective parents
(3-have)__________jobs and busy schedules, and they may not be
willing or able to attend regular parenting classes. This (4-
raise)__________ the question of whether those who missed the classes,
or perhaps (5-refuse)__________ to attend, would be punished. I believe
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that it would be wrong to do this, and it would therefore be impossible to
enforce the idea of compulsory training for parents. Besides, even if
parents could be forced to attend, I doubt that people would agree on
what good parenting entails, and so it would (6-be)_______difficult to
create a parenting course to suit everyone.
As well as being impractical, I would argue that training courses for

parents (7-be)________ unnecessary. Mothers and fathers (8-
be)________ raising children without any formal help or official
interference for thousands of years. Parenting skills are learnt from family
members, friends, neighbors and the surrounding culture. Perhaps more
importantly, adults (9-learn)_________ to be good parents by instinct, by
trial and error, and by getting to know their own children; for example, a
good parent will try different strategies when faced with a badly-behaved
child, and will gradually develop an understanding of what works to
correct the behavior. None of this (10-require)___________ the
intervention of a taught course.
In conclusion, while compulsory parenting lessons might seem like a

good idea, I believe that such a scheme would be unworkable and largely
pointless.
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LUYỆN TẬP ĐỘNG TỪ TIẾNG ANH
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào mỗi câu sau.
1. After I________ lunch, I looked for my bag.

A. having had B. had had C. have has D. have had
2. By the end of next year, George________ English for 2 years.

A. will have learned B. will learn C. has leaned D. would learn
3. The man got out of the car,_______ round to the back and opened the
boot.
A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk
4. He ________of becoming a pilot ever since he was a young boy.

A. dreaming B. has been dreaming C. was dreaming D. had been
dreaming
5. I haven’t come________ any ideas for the gala dinner.

A. upon B. with C. up with D. into
6. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ________ dinner.
A. finish B. will have finished C. will finish D. finishes
7. After World War I, Hollywood emerged ________the movie capital of

the world.
A. as B. such as C. alike D. as
8. Working too late at night may _________in fatigue.

A. lead B. result C. consequent D. make
9. She's at her best when she________ big decisions.

A. is making B. makes C. had made D. will make
10. We________ next vacation in London.

A. spend B. are spending C. will be spend D. are going to spend
11. Robert________ tomorrow morning on the 10:30 train.

A. arrived B. is arriving C. has arrived D. would arrive
12. Mike________ one hour ago.

A. phoned B. was phoning C. had phoned D. has phoned
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13. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I _____ to
play.
A. try B. tried C. have tried D. am trying
14. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him.

A. he had left B. he left C. he has left D. he was left
15. The police should take ______soon, or there will be a riot.

A. part in B. function C. action D. place
Exercise 2: Đoạn văn sau có 5 lỗi sai. Hãy tìm và sửa chúng.
I’m going to tell you about someone who has influence my life in an
important way. This person is actually my father. I am 20 years old so of
course I have known him for 20 years as he’s my father. We still live
together, along with my mother, my older brother and younger sister.
One of his best qualities is that he’s get a lot of drive and is ambitious,
which means that he’s achieved a lot in his life. He started out working for
a building company but he took it on himself to get professionally
qualified. In the evening he started take classes to qualify as a surveyor.
This took him many years but eventually he got there and started working
for the same company as one of their surveyors. But he did really well as
he eventually became a senior partner in the business, and then just a
few years ago he sets up his own business with one of the other partners.
So now he has his own company and they employ about fifteen other
people. So I’m really proud of what he did with this. But he’s also very
humble, another great quality. Even though he’s achieved so much he
doesn’t brag or boasts about anything. He’s also quite laid back and
doesn’t stress too much about life.
Exercise 3: Cho dạng đúng của các động từ trong ngoặc để tạo
thành một bài IELTS Writing Task 1 hoàn chỉnh.
The graph below shows the pollution levels in London between 1600 and
2000. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.
49
The graph (1-show)_____________pollution levels in London between
1600 and 2000. It measures smoke and sulphur dioxide in micrograms
per cubic metre. According to the information, the levels of both pollutants
(2-form)_____________ a similar pattern during this period, but there
were always higher levels of sulphur dioxide than smoke in the
atmosphere.
In 1600, pollution levels (3-be)_____________ low, but over the next

hundred years, the levels of sulphur dioxide rose to 700 micrograms per
cubic metre, while the levels of smoke rose gradually to about 200
micrograms per cubic metre. Over the next two hundred years the levels
of sulphur dioxide continued to increase, although there was some
fluctuation in this trend.
They (4-reach)_____________a peak in 1850. Smoke levels increased a

little more sharply during this time and peaked in 1900 at about 500
micrograms. During the 20th century, the levels of both pollutants (5-
fall)____________ dramatically, though there was a great deal of
fluctuation within this fall.
Clearly air pollution was a bigger problem in London in the early 20th
century than it is now.
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MODAL VERBS
Chức năng Modal verbs
Cùng tìm hiểu một số động từ khuyết thiếu thông dụng với cách dùng chi tiết dưới đây.
Cách dùng Ví dụ
· dự đoán khả năng một việc xảy ra
ở hiện tại · English can be hard to her.
· nói về khả năng, năng lực ở hiện · I can speak some French.
can tại
· They can go home now.
· cho phép hoặc xin phép làm gì đó
· I’m sorry, can you repeat
· dùng trong yêu cầu hay lời mời the question?
lịch sự
· nói về khả năng, năng lực trong
quá khứ · I couldn't drive the car.
· cho phép hoặc xin phép một cách · Could I open the window?
could
lịch sự
· Could you turn on the
· dùng trong yêu cầu hay lời mời lights, please?
lịch sự
· dự đoán khả năng một việc xảy ra · It may take two hours.
may ở hiện tại
· She may not leave until he
· cho phép hoặc xin phép says so.
· dự đoán khả năng một việc xảy ra
might · It might rain.
ở hiện tại
· diễn đạt khả năng một việc xảy ra
ở hiện tại là gần như chắc chắn. · It must be hot outside, I
can feel it.
must · bắt buộc phải làm gì đó
· I must write the final
must not = bắt buộc không được report in order to graduate.
làm gì đó
· dùng trong yêu cầu hay lời mời
shall lịch sự · Shall we dance?
Lưu ý: chỉ dùng cho ngôi I và we
should · nên/không nên làm gì đó · People should not litter.
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· sự việc sẽ xảy ra sau thời điểm
hiện tại
· I will graduate soon.
· will always: thói quen ở hiện tại
· Tim will always be late!
will · dùng trong yêu cầu hay lời mời
· Will you marry me?
lịch sự
· I will never leave Hanoi.
· thể hiện ý muốn, đưa ra một lời
hứa
· She said she would send
· sự việc sẽ xảy ra sau một thời
me a letter soon.
điểm trong quá khứ
· When I was little, I would
would · thói quen trong quá khứ
play outside all day.
· dùng trong yêu cầu hay lời mời
· Would you go and wait
lịch sự
outside for a bit?
Trên thực tế, trong bài thi IELTS ta không cần sử dụng nhiều đến các công dụng cho phép, xin
phép, yêu cầu, hay mời lịch sự của động từ khuyết thiếu.
(could have, would have, should have, might have, must have)
Cách dùng Ví dụ
· I could run faster. à Lúc trước tôi có thể
đã có khả năng làm chạy nhanh hơn, còn bây giờ thì tôi
được trong quá khứ, không chạy nhanh hơn được)
could have nhưng vì một lí do · I could have run faster. à Tôi (đáng lẽ
nào đó mà lúc đó đã ra) đã có thể chạy nhanh hơn, nhưng vì
không làm vậy một lý do nào đó mà lúc đó tôi đã không
chạy nhanh hơn
· I should study harder. à Tôi nên học
chăm chỉ hơn)
đáng lẽ ra đã phải
should have · I should have studied harder. à Đáng lẽ
làm gì đó
ra tôi đã phải học chăm chỉ hơn thì đã
không bị điểm kém như bây giờ)
phỏng đoán một việc The bus might have left. à Xe buýt hình
might have
đã có thể xảy ra rồi như đã rời đi rồi
must have phỏng đoán một việc It must have been hard for her. à Cô ấy
gần như chắc chắn hẳn là đã rất khổ tâm.
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đã xảy ra
rất muốn làm một
điều gì đó nhưng lại I would have studied abroad, but I
không làm couldn’t afford it. à Tôi đã rất muốn đi du
would have học nhưng điều kiện kinh tế không cho
Lưu ý: có thể gặp phép. Nếu tôi có tiền thì tôi đã đi du học
trong câu điều kiện rồi.
loại 3
Exercise 1. Chọn từ thích hợp để điền vào chỗ trống
must (not) have might (not) have should (not) have could (not) have
1. John ……………………(go)on holiday. I saw him this morning downtown.
2. Nobody answered the phone at the clinic. It ……………………(close)early.
3. I ……………………(revise)more for my exams. I think I'll fail!
4. Sarah looks really pleased with herself. She ……………………(pass)her driving

test this morning.
5. I didn't know you were going to Phil's party yesterday. You ……………………
(tell)me!
6. I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He ……………………(catch)the wrong train.
7. Don't lie to me that you were ill yesterday. You ……………………(be)ill - John

said you were at the ice hockey match last night.
8. I don't know where they went on holiday but they bought Euros before they left so
they ……………………(go)to France or Germany.
9. His number was busy all night - he ……………………(be)on the phone

continuously for hours.
10. It ……………………(be)Mickey I saw at the party. He didn't recognise me at all.
Exercise 2. Hoàn thành mẫu câu trả lời sau đây
1. What kinds of possessions give status to people in your country?
That’s a good question. Let me think…I’d say it …………… (depend) on where you

are and who you are with. If you …………… (be) out in public,
it …………… (be) things like the car you are driving. If you have the latest Mercedes
Benz model, then in my country that …………… (be) a sign of status, as most
53
people can’t even …………… (afford) a car at all, whatever the make. Property, or
the house you …………… (own), and the possessions you …………… (have) in it
…………… (be) also a sign of status. If you have a nice house in a nice area, then
this …………… (show) you have money and are someone important.
2. Has it always been the same or were different possessions thought of as

valuable in the past?
I …………… (be) too young to remember exactly what it …………… (be) like a long

time ago, but yes, I think it …………… (be) different. For example, cars as I
mentioned before only really …………… (come) to our country in the last ten years
or so. That kind of consumerism …………… (be) a fairly recent thing so this couldn’t
have …………… (be) used as a representation of something valuable. I think it was
things like gold and jewelry that …………… (be) seen as valuable. Of course these
…………… (be) still seen as valuable today, but previously it was these things over
anything else as a lot of the modern day possessions …………… (be) not available.
3. Why do you think people need to show their status in society?
I believe that this is because it's important in society to show you

…………… (have) money or …………… (be) successful – it is nature, or the way we
are brought up, that …………… (make) us feel like this, but also the pressure that
society …………… (put) on everyone to be successful. And showing status
…………… (be) basically showing that you have money and you have success, so
this is what people …………… (want) to do. Going back to the example of the car,
driving around in a Mercedes …………… (be) a very conspicuous show of status – it
basically …………… (say) to people, “Look, I am successful and I have money.”
Another reason is possibly for respect. In many cultures, if someone
…………… (have) high status, then they will be respected by others and they may
…………… (receive) preferential treatment.
Exercise 3. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. My grandmother is eighty-five, but she ……………… still read and write without
glasses. (Ability)
A. can
B. could
C. may
2. …………….. I come with you?
A. Can
B. Will
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C. Would
3 ………………. you help me with the housework, please? (Polite request)
A. Could
B. Will
C. Should
4. There was a time when I ………….. stay up very late. (Past ability)
A. would
B. could
C. can
5. You …………….. not lose any more weight. You are already slim. (Necessity)
A. may
B. need
C. should
6. We …………… make the first move. (Prohibition)
A. must not
B. will not
C. cannot
7. It is snowing outside so I …………… stay at home. (Intention)
A. may
B. will
C. can
8. I ………………. get you a shawl from Kashmir. (Promise)
A. will
B. would
C. can
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D. may
9. …………….. you mind if I borrowed your car? (Permission)
A. Will
B. Would
C. Should
10. ……………. you take care of my dog for a day? (Polite request)
A. Will
B. Shall
C. Should
11. Our country ………………. become a super power by 2025. (possibility)
A. may
B. might
C. will
D. should
12. She …………… sell her home because she needs money. (weak possibility)
A. may
B. might
C. could
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LINKING VERB
Ex1. Gạch chân vào các liên động từ trong câu
1. She is such a good student.
2. It tastes terrible.
3. Mr. James looks so handsome in this suit.
4. It turns bigger than expectation.
5. These tasks seem to be difficult for us.
6. I feel grateful to have you as my friend.
7. It smells so bad.
8. She always proves to be a good girl.
9. I will become Miss. Universe one day.
10. The number of students remained unchanged within 2 years.
11. The landscape here is so stunning.
12. These jeans feel too tight for her.
13. She seemed tired after the party yesterday.
Ex 2. Đọc và xem các câu văn sau là đúng hay sai ngữ pháp. Sau đó
điền từ Correct (Đúng) và Incorrect (Không đúng) vào bên cạnh
1. Mary seemed sad.
2. Mary seemed sadly.
3. The cake tastes good.
4. The cake tastes well.
5. The train is slowly.
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6. The train is slow.
7. Remember to stay calmly.
8. Remember to stay calm.
9. Your project sounds interesting.
10. Your project sounds interestingly.
11. The negotiations appear to be better.
12. The negotiations appear be better.
13. The bride looks so gorgeous.
14. The bride looks so gorgeously.
Ex3: Gạch chân động từ trong các câu sau. Viết A nếu đó là Action

verb (Động từ chỉ hành động) hoặc L (Nếu là liên động từ)
1. The girl feels nervous.
2. Today is her wedding day.
3. She sits in a fancy chair.
4. Footmen carry the chair on their shoulders.
5. Her parents arranged the marriage.
6. She is only sixteen years old.
7. She sees her husband for the first time.
8. He looks handsome and kind.
9. She appears happy and content.
10. The family hopes for a happy marriage.
Ex4: Điền động từ nối thích hợp vào chỗ trống và chia động từ
become sound feel look
58
appear grow seem getting
1. She........ so beautiful in that white dress.
2. A. What about going to the Italian restaurant?
B. That ........great!
3. She wants to ..........a fashion designer like Victoria Beckham in the

future.
4. I ...........painful in my stomach after eating that cake.
5. It ........interesting that he didn’t like anything except that bowl.
6. Teenagers like to make their own choice when they......... older.
7. Turn on the fan. It is ........ hotter and hotter.
Ex5: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. July is smelling the soup her mother has just made.
A. action verb B. linking verb
2. My mother appeared exhausted after a hard day working on the paddy

field.
3. Janes looks more beautiful when cutting her long hair.
4. Mary’s grandfather is looking for his wallet.
5. The weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
6. If you want to stay fit, you need to have a healthy diet.

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7. My plan is to stay in Ha Long Bay in 2 weeks.
8. When you grow up, you need to choose a specific career.
9. I have been learning Japanese since 2017.
10. She appeared exhausted after the long working shift.
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PHRASAL VERB
Ex 1. Hoàn thành câu với các cụm từ cho sẵn
passed away, do without, look forward to, called off, made up, carried away, break
out, run out, put up with, keep up.
1. Don't smoke in the forest. Fires --- easily at this time of the year.
2. I --- seeing my friends again.
3. I'm afraid; we have --- of apple juice. Will an orange juice do?
4. Your website has helped me a lot to --- the good work.
5. A friend of mine has --- her wedding.
6. His mother can't --- his terrible behavior anymore.
7. As an excuse for being late, she --- a whole story.
8. I got --- by his enthusiasm.
9. I just cannot --- my mobile. I always keep it with me.
10. She was very sad because her father ---- last week.
Ex 2. Điền tiểu từ còn thiếu vào chỗ trống cụm từ
1. I don't know where my book is. I must look --- it.
2. Fill ---- the form, please.
3. The music is too loud. Could you turn ---- the volume, please?
4. Quick, get -- the bus or you'll have to walk home.
5. Turn --- the lights when you go to bed.
6. Do you mind if I switch --- the TV? I'd like to watch the news.
7. The dinner was ruined. I had to throw it --- .
8. When you enter the house, take --- your shoes and put --- your slippers.
9. If you don't know this word, you can look it --- in a dictionary.
Ex 3. Hoàn thành câu với cụm động từ có nghĩa tương đương từ trong ngoặc.
61
1. --- your shoes.(Remove)
2. Somebody has to --- the baby. (Take care of)
3. She wants to --- the truth? (Discover)
4. Where can I ---- the sweater? (See if it fits)
5. --- . (be quick)
6. Why don't you --- ? (Take a seat)
7. I will --- the train now. (Enter)
8. ---- the word in a dictionary. (Consult a dictionary)
9. I want to ---- the form. (Complete)
10. The firemen --- the fire.(Extinguish)
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DANH TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc ở những câu
dưới đây.
1. Detroit is renowned for the _____________ of car. (produce)
2. If you make a good ________________ at the interview, you will get

the job. (impress)
3. The _________________ looked dark and there were hardly any other
guests. (enter)
4. My history teacher has a vast ________________ of past events.

(know)
5. You are never too old to go to college and gain some

_______________. ( qualify)
6. My greatest ________________ was graduating from university.

(achieve)
7. The weatherman said there is a strong _______________ of rain

today. (possible)
8. Despite her severe _________________, she fulfilled her goals in life.

(disable)
9. I am really into eating dairy______________. (produce)
10. Due to the pilot's _____________, the copilot managed to land safely.
(guide)
Exercise 2: Chọn dạng thích hợp của danh từ trong những chố
trống sau để tạo thành một bài IELTS Writing task 2 hoàn chỉnh.
Some people believe that developments in the field of artificial intelligence

will have a positive impact on our lives in the near future. Others, by
contrast, are worried that we are not prepared for a world in which
computers are more intelligent than humans. Discuss both of these views
and give your own opinion.
63
People seem to be either excited or worried about the future impact of
artificial (1-intelligent)………... Personally I can understand the two (2-
oppose)……….points of view; I am both fascinated by developments in
artificial intelligence and apprehensive about its possible negative effects.
On the one hand, the increasing intelligence of technology should bring

some obvious benefits. Machines are clearly able to do many jobs better
than humans can, especially in areas that require high levels of (3-
accurate)…………or calculations using large amounts of data. For
example, robots are being developed that can carry out surgical
procedures with greater (4-precise)………..than a human doctor, and we
already have cars that use sensors and cameras to drive themselves.
Such technologies can improve safety by reducing the (5-likely)
…………..of human errors. It is easy to imagine how these developments,
and many others, will steadily improve our quality of life.
On the other hand, I share the concerns of people who believe that
artificial intelligence may harm us if we are not careful. In the short term, it
is likely that we will see a rise in (6-employ)…………..as workers in
various industries are replaced by machines or software programs. For
example, self-driving vehicles are expected to cause (7-redundant)
…………….in driving jobs, such as lorry drivers, taxi drivers and bus
drivers. In the medium term, if intelligent technologies gradually take jobs
away from humans, we may find that people become deskilled and lose
their sense of purpose in life. A longer term fear is that computers
become so intelligent that they begin to make (8-decide)…………without
human oversight and without regard for our well-being.
In conclusion, while intelligent machines will no doubt improve our lives in

many ways, the potential risks of such technologies should not be
ignored.
Exercise 3: Đoạn văn sau bao gồm 3 lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
In many city all over the world, spectacular fireworks displays take place
as soon as the clock passes midnight on 31 December. In recent years,
Sydney in Australia has been the host to one of the first of these
celebrate as New Year arrives there before most other major international
cities. The display takes place in Sydney Harbor, with the Opera House
and Harbor Bridge making it a stunning set. Fireworks light up the skies in
hundreds of cities as 12 midnight strikes around the globe.
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1………………. 2………………. 3………………….
Exercise 4: Dựa vào những từ cho sẵn, hãy viết thành câu hoàn
chỉnh.
1. The bar chart/ illustrate/ gross domestic product generated from the IT
and Service Industry/the UK from 1992 to 2000.
……………………………………………………………………………………
…..
2. It is measured in percentages. Overall, it can be seen/ both increase/

as a percentage/ GDP, but/ IT/ remain/ at/ higher rate throughout/ time.
……………………………………………………………………………………
…..
3. At/ beginning/ the/ period, in 1992, the Service Industry account/ for/ 4
per cent/ GDP, whereas IT exceed/ this, at just over 6 per cent.
……………………………………………………………………………………
…..
4. Over/ next four/ year/, the levels become/ more/ similar, with/ both/
components/ standing/ between 6 / just/ over/ 8 per cent.
……………………………………………………………………………………
…..
5. IT/ still/ higher/ overall, though it/ drop/ slightly/ 1994/ 1996.
……………………………………………………………………………………
…..

1. There are many dirts on the floor.

…………………………………………
2. We want more fuels than that.
…………………………………………
3. He drank two milks.
…………………………………………
4. Ten inks are needed for our class.
…………………………………………
5. He sent me many foods.
…………………………………………
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6. Many golds are found there.
…………………………………………
7. He gave me a great deal of troubles.
…………………………………………
8. Cows eat grasses.
…………………………………………
9. The rain has left many waters.
…………………………………………
10. I didn't have many luggages.
…………………………………………
Exercise 6: Chọn đáp án đúng cho mỗi câu sau.
1. If you want to hear the news, you can read (paper/ a paper).
2. I want to write some letters but I haven't got (a paper/ any paper) to
write on.
3. I thought there was somebody in the house because there was (light/a
light) on inside.
4. (Light/a light) comes from the sun.
5. I was in a hurry this morning. I didn't have (time/ a time) for breakfast.
6. "Did you enjoy your holiday?" - "Yes, we had (wonderful time/ a

wonderful time)."
7. Sue was very helpful. She gives us some very useful (advice/advices).
8. We had (very bad weather/a very bad weather) while we were on

holiday.
9. We were very unfortunate. We had (bad luck/a bad luck).
10. It's very difficult to find a (work/job) at the moment.
11. I had to buy (a/some) bread because I wanted to make some

sandwiches.
12. Bad news (don't/doesn't) make people happy.
13. (Your hair is/ your hairs) are too long. You should have (it/them) cut.
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14. Nobody was hurt in the accident but (the damage / the damages) to
the car (was/were) quite bad.
15. She gives me (a piece of advice/ an advice) about this.
Exercise 7: Điền mạo từ thích hợp vào những chỗ trống sau.
(1)……………..bar chart shows the number of British people who

emigrated to five destinations over (2)…………….period 2004 to 2007. It
is evident from the chart that throughout the period, the most popular
place to move to was Australia.
Emigration to Australia stood at just over 40,000 people in 2004, which

was approximately 6,000 higher than for Spain, and twice as high as the
other three countries. Apart from a jump to around 52,000 in 2006, it
remained around this level throughout the period.
(3)…………….next most popular country for Britons to move to was (4)

………….Spain, though its popularity declined over the time frame to
finish at below 30,000 in 2007. Despite this, the figure was still higher
than for the remaining three countries. Approximately 20,000 people
emigrated to New Zealand each year, while the USA fluctuated between
20-25,000 people over the period.
Although (5)………….number of visitors to France spiked to nearly

35,000 in 2005, it was the country that was the least popular to emigrate
to at the end of the period, at just under 20,000 people.
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Exercise 8: Điền mạo từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống để tạo thành một
bài Writing task 2 hoàn chỉnh.
There are several reasons that are causing the environmental harms and
this has become (1)………….urgent issue to discuss and bring (2)
……………..solution about. The number of ever increasing cars is one of
(3)…………….reasons that leads to affect the environment negatively and
there are some assumptions that increasing the fuel price would solve
this problem. But the reality would be different, and increased fuel price
will cause lots of other problems while it would contribute very little to
reduce the environmental pollutions and hazards. So this can’t be the
best solution in any way.
First of all, the maximum numbers of cars are owned by the rich people
and fuel price would not restrain them from using the cars. The price of
(4)…………..fuel, in fact, increased significantly over the past 12 years
and that has done nothing to reduce the car usages. On the contrary, the
number of cars running on the roads has increased more than expected.
Besides, (5)…………fuel price determines the market prices of other daily
necessary products and increasing the price would only bring misery to
the low and medium earning class population. Electronic wastages,
industries, household electrical devices, deforestation, chemical
wastages, unthoughtful activities of people are causing more damage to
the mother earth than the gas omission by the cars. We should focus on
those aspects as well before increasing the price of fuel just based on (6)
……………assumption.
The main idea of increasing the fuel price is to reduce (7)

…………….number of cars running in the street and to restrain the car
owners from using the cars less. But that would prove to be (8)
………..ridiculous solution especially when car owners are mostly high
earning class and they would not bother about the fuel price.
The best solution to address this utmost concerning issue is to introduce

(9)…………environment friendly energy source like solar energy system,
to improve the public transportation system & train system so that people
mostly use these systems instead of always using their own cars,
increasing the awareness of the people so that they do not directly
contribute to harm the environment, and making strict rules so that
deforestation, chemical wastages and other harmful ways of (10)
……….environmental pollutions get reduced.
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Exercise 9: Cho dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc.
1. After Monday, I will no longer be a foreigner - I am receiving my

________________! (citizen)
2. My father's death left me with a great_________________ in my

heart. (empty)
3. Americans fought hard to earn their _________________from Britain.

(free)
4. The weather ________________looks bad for a picnic--rainy and

windy! (cast)
5. The new job is a ___________ for her. (promote)
6. The national ____________ in the face of danger is necessary. (solid)
7. He came first in the poetry __________. (compete)
8. After considerable ______________ they decided to accept our offer.

(discuss)
9. Fill in your name, address and __________ on the form. (nation)
10. Can I see your ____________card, please ? (identify)
Exercise 10: Tìm và sửa 5 lỗi sai trong bài viết sau để tạo thành một
bài viết IELTS Writing task 1 hoàn chỉnh.
The line graph shows the percent of tourists to England who visited
certain Brighton attracts between 1980 and 2010. We can see that in
1980 and in 2010 the favorite attractions were the pavilion and the
festival. In 1980 the least popular attraction was the pier but in 2010 this
changed and the art gallery was the least popular.
During the 1980s and 1990s there was a sharpen increase in visitors to
the pavilion from 28% to 48% and then the percentage gradually went
down to 31% in 2010. The trend for the art gallery was similar to the
pavilion. Visitors increased rapidly from 22% to 37% from 1980 to 1985
then gradually decreased to less than 10% over the next twenty-five
years. The amount of tourists who visited the Brighton Festival fluctuated
slightly but in general remained steady at about 25%. Visitor to the pier
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also fluctuated from 1980 to 2000 then rose significantly from 12% to 22%
between 2000 and 2010.
Exercise 11: Dịch các câu sau đây sang tiếng Anh có sử dụng dạng
Noun + Noun.
1. Tôi mới mua một quyển từ điển dày 500 trang.
=>________________________________________________________
________
2. Chuyến bay 3 tiếng từ Việt Nam sang Singapore làm cho cô ấy mệt
mỏi.
=>________________________________________________________
________
3. Có một tòa nhà 9 tầng ở cuối phố.
=>________________________________________________________
______
4. Khách sạn 5 sao là những khách sạn rất sang trọng.
=>________________________________________________________
______
5. Sarah có một cậu con trai 3 tuổi.
=>________________________________________________________
______
Exercise 12: Cho dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc để tạo thành
một bài IELTS Speaking part 2 hoàn chỉnh.
Let me tell you about a language I’ve always wanted to learn, which is (1-
Russia)___________. It’s spoken in Russia, obviously, but also in many
other countries which have been influenced by Russia including places
like Mongolia and Kazakhstan. It’s quite a difficult language to learn
because the (2-alphabetical)_____________is not the Roman one, which
means that you have to learn to read and write from scratch, a but like
70
studying Chinese or Japanese. Well, the reason I would like to learn
Russian is that the energy (3-industrial)___________is huge and there
are lots of jobs. A lot of my country’s oil and gas comes from Russia so
it’s really useful to be able to speak that language if you want to work in
the energy field. I have actually been to Russia before so I know from
experience that a lot of Russians can’t speak English very well, so that’s
another good (4-reasonable)__________to learn their language. The only
(5-problematic)____________ is I’m already thirty years old and I’ve
spent more than fifteen years learning English. I don’t know if I would ever
be able to learn Russian successfully because it’s a difficult language for
anyone to learn, especially someone older like me. But it would be really
great to try.
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TÍNH TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH (ADJECTIVES)
Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc để tạo thành câu
có nghĩa.
1. I hate being around Mary Lou, she is __________________. (friendly).
2. The stock market crash of 1929 left my great-

grandfather___________________. (penny)
3. I have a class at 8:00 a.m. but I am always________________.

(sleep)
4. I think we should try something else. That strategy seems way

too________________. (risk)
5. When you work at a nuclear power plant, you have to be extremely

_________________. (care)
6. I had to take three months off when I was pregnant, but my boss has
been very ____________. (understand)
Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi câu sau.
1. It isn't quite_________that he will be present at the meeting.
A. right B. exact C. certain D. formal
2. As there was a _____________ cut in the hospital, the surgeon had to

call off the operation.
A.power B. powering C. powder D. powerful
3. Could you please_________an appointment for me to see Mr. Smith?
A. manage B. arrange C. take D. have
4. The police_________her for helping the murderer to escape.
A. caught B. searched C. brought D. arrested
5. When John_________in London, he went to see the Houses of

Parliament.
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A. came B. reached C. arrived D. got
6. I read an interesting _________in a newspaper about farming today.
A. article B. advertisement C. composition D.

explanation
7. Students are expected to _________their classes regularly.
A. assist B. frequent C. attend D. present
8. Before you sign anything important, pay careful _________to all the
conditions.
A.notice B. attention C. regards D. reference
9. In the central region the dry season is long and severe, and the
_________annual rainfall is only about 70 cm.
A. refreshing B. general C. average D. greatest
10. As soon as the children were_________, their mother got them out of
bed and into the bathroom.
A. woke B. wake C. awake D. waken
Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào đoạn văn.
[...] Chimpanzees in the wild like to snack on termites, and youngsters

learn to fish for them by pocking long sticks and other (1)____tools into
the mounds that large groups of termites build. Researchers found that
(2)______average female chimps in the Gombe National Park in
Tanzania learnt how to do termite fishing at the age of 31 months, more
than two years earlier than the males.
The females seem to learn by watching mothers. Researcher Dr.

Elisabeth V. Lonsdorf, director of field conservation at the Lincoln Park
Zoo in Chicago, said that it is (3)_____to find that, when a young male
and female are near a mound, 'she's really focusing on termite fishing and
he's spinning himself round (4)_______circles'. Dr Landsdorf and
colleagues are studying chimpanzees at the zoo with a new, specially
created termite mound, filled with mustard (5)________than termites. [...]
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Exercise 4: Cho dạng đúng của những từ sau đây để tạo thành một
bài Speaking part 2 hoàn chỉnh.
Well, I would like to talk about the final football match between U23
Vietnam and U23 Uzbekistan in Asian Football Championship in January,
2018.
You know, it is still spectacular and (1-impress)_______ although our

team didn’t win the cup for the following two reasons. Firstly because the
team contributed a (2-note)________ performance in the decisive match
under extremely (3-freeze)_________ weather. After (4-
miracle)__________ victories over Iraq and Qatar, our team was
expected to create another mircale and be the champion. The team
played with all the strength and attempt they had despite the harsh
weather condition.
Secondly, our team is the representative of patriotism and pride of (5-

nation)__________ identity. As you know, thanks to excellent team spirit,
the intense snow couldn’t prevent our boys from moving forward and
fought couragously. They tried their best to bring the (6-
prestige)__________ trophy to our country. Vietnamese people as well as
other countries’ residents really appreciated their constant effort
throughout the tournament. Although we lost 1-2 by team Uzbekistan at
the last minute and couldn’t claim championship, we have still felt so (7-
pride)___________ of our “heroes” and now they are the new-generation
idols of our country.
Exercise 5: Mỗi câu sau đây chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. Averagefamily size has increased from the Victorian era.
2. The riches in Vietnam are becoming richer and richer.
3. In 1892, the first long-distance telephone line between Chicago and

New York was formally opening.
4. Dietitians urge people to eat a banana a day to get potassium

enough in their diet.
74
5. Woody Guthriehas writtenthousands of songs during her lifetime, many
of which became classic folk songs.
6. The development of transistors made possible it to reduce the size of

many electronic devices.
7. My father is a good family man, completely devoted for his wife and

kids.
8. The price of gold depends on several factor, including supply and

demand in relation to the value of the dollar.
9. Weatherand geography conditions may determine the type of

transportation used in a region.
10. Those people were so friend that I didn’t want to say goodbye to
them.
Exercise 6: Sắp xếp các tính từ sau theo đúng trật tự mô tả trong
câu.
1. a long face (thin)
2. big clouds (black)
3. a sunny day (lovely)
4. a wide avenue (long)
5. a metal box (black/ small)
6. a big cat (fat/ black)
7. a /an little village (old/ lovely)
8. long hair (black/ beautiful)
9. an /a old painting (interesting/ French)
10. an/ a enormous umbrella (red/ yellow)
75
LIÊN TỪ
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất điền vào chỗ trống ở mỗi câu sau.
1. He got wet_______ he forgot his umbrella.

A. because of B. because C. but D. and
2. He stops working _______ heavy raining.

A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life _______ their poverty.

A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Tom wakes his parents up_______ playing the guitar very softly.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. although
5. Nobody could hear her_______ she spoke too quietly.

A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early _______the party was boring.

A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
7. Many people believe him__________ he often tells a lie.

A. because B. in spite of C. although D. because of
8. _______she was very hard working; she hardly earned enough to feed her family.
A. In spite of B. Because C. Because of D. Although
9. _______her absence from class yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson.
A. Although B. In spite of C. Because of D. Because
10. ______her poorness, she feels happy.

A. Although B. Because C. If D. In spite of
Exercise 2: Điền một liên từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống để tạo thành một bài
IELTS Speaking Part 2 hoàn chỉnh.
The person that I gave it to was a very good friend of mine at the time. His name
was Kaliya (1)__________ he came from India. I knew him (2)_________ we
studied together at a language school in Cambridge. (3)____________ we were
from different backgrounds and cultures, we got on really well and we had the same
sense of humor (4)___________ we became very good friends.
The present was a picture that had been painted of the River Cam in Cambridge. It
was not so big - maybe around 10 inches by 14 inches, but it was very beautiful. It
came in a gold plated frame and the picture had been drawn by a particularly well-
known Cambridge artist. It had been signed by this person as well.
76
It’s the first time I have given this person a present, and I guess it’s quite different
from presents (5)_________ I have given to other people before – I don’t recall ever
giving someone a picture actually. If I’m buying for family then I’ll usually buy clothes
or maybe some jewelry if it is a special occasion. Normally when I’ve bought
something for friends it’s something more jokey so we can have a laugh about it,
nothing that serious.
The reason (6)_________ I decided to give this particular gift is because we had
spent a lot of time together in Cambridge and we had had some really fun times
punting on the River Cam – that’s obviously why I thought this was an appropriate
present. We used to go punting at least once a week, sometimes a couple of times.
On one occasion there was a group of about ten of us that went down there, and we
spent the whole day sitting by the river in the sun (7)__________ as usual we went
on a boat trip together. We all have a lot of photos to remind us of this great day.
So my friend, Kaaliya, is the person that I gave a present to and this was because I
felt it would always remind him of the fun times that we had and also of Cambridge.
Exercise 3: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai, hãy tìm và sửa chúng.
1. Because of feeling very tired, John couldn’t sleep.
2. Though Tom was ill, he couldn’t take part in his little sister’s birthday party.
3. Before she was washing the dishes, her parents came home.
4. “Bring an umbrella with you although it rains”, my mom told me.
5. I had to wait for him in front of his house because of 9 p.m.
6. That was the reason when they didn’t want to come back to their hometown.
7. I am sure they are going to succeed so their difficulties.
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ARTICLE (Mạo từ)
Articles - Mạo từ trong Writing
The given maps illustrate how Langley town changed from 1910 to 1950.
Overall, major trends of development are accommodation, traffic

infrastructure, and other amenities.
In 1910, Langley had 2 main streets, namely Jordan street in the west and Sherman
street in the middle, both had houses on their two sides. Sherman street also had a
store, a café, and a laundry in its eastern end. There was a railway in the south,
which was also the town’s boundary, and some cottages for railway workers were
located nearby. A factory was in the north of the town, and all remaining areas were
vacant land.
In 1950, the houses on Jordan street were replaced by 3 big apartment buildings,
and the factory was demolished to make way for Sherman mansions. The cottages
as well as the railway line and all the pieces of vacant land disappeared.A new road
called New Lane was built, and all the 3 roads were interconnected. A park was built
in the centre of the town with a children’s playground inside. The laundry and the
café were relocated to the northeast, while three stores were in the southeast of the
town. (188 w, band 7.0)
Quy tắc chung:
A hoặc An được dùng với các N đếm được, số ít lần đầu tiên được nhắc tới/ giới
thiệu: a store, a cafe, a factory, a park, etc
Mạo từ Zero - không viết gì cả - được dùng với các N đếm dc, số nhiều, lần đầu
tiên được nhắc tới/ giới thiệu: trends, amenities, houses, railway workers, etc.
Hoặc các N không đếm được, được nhắc tới một cách chung chung, không
cụ thể: development, accommodation, traffic infrastructure, etc.
Tên đường phố, thị trấn: Langley town, Jordan street, Sherman street, etc.
Mạo từ The dược dùng khi nói tới các sự vật cụ thể, ví dụ như
NHẮC LẠI các N đã được liệt kê trước đó bằng a/an: (đoạn văn thứ 2): the houses,
the factory, the cottages, the railway, the laundry, etc
Sự vật mà cả người nói/viết và cả người nghe/đọc

đều đã biết rõ: the maps (đề bài cho sẵn 2 cái maps,
cả người đọc và người viết đều đã biết rõ).
78
Exercise 1: Điền mạo từ thích hợp vào các chỗ trống để tạo thành một bài IELTS
Writing task 1 hoàn chỉnh.
(1)………diagram explains the way in which bricks are made for the building
industry. Overall, there are seven stages in the process, beginning with the digging
up of (2)……..clay and culminating in delivery.
To begin, (3)…….clay used to make the bricks is dug up from the ground by (4)
………large digger. This clay is then placed onto (5)……metal grid, which is used to
break up (6)………clay into smaller pieces. (7)………… roller assists in this process.
Following this, sand and water are added to the clay, and this mixture is turned into
bricks by either placing it into a mould or using (8)……..wire cutter. Next, these
bricks are placed in (9)……..oven to dry for 24 – 48 hours.
In the subsequent stage, the bricks go through a heating and cooling process. They
are heated in a kiln at a moderate and then a high temperature (ranging from 200c
to 1300c), followed by a cooling process in a chamber for 2 – 3 days. Finally, (10)
……….bricks are packed and delivered to their destinations.
Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi câu sau đây.
1. We are looking for _______ place to spend ________ night.

A. the/the B. a/the C. a/a D. the/a
2. Please turn off ________ lights when you leave ________ room.
A. the/the B. a/a C. the/a D. a/the
3. We are looking for people with ________experience.

A. the B. a C. an D. x
4. Would you pass me ________ salt, please?

A. a B. the C. an D. x
5. Can you show me ________way to ________station?

A. the/the B. a/a C. the/a D. a/the
6. She has read ________interesting book.

A. a B. an C. the D. x
7. You’ll get ________shock if you touch ________ live wire with that screwdriver.
A. an/the B. x/the C. a/a D. an/the
8. Mr. Smith is ________ old customer and ________ honest man.

A. An/the B. the/an C. an/an D. the/the
9. ________ youngest boy has just started going to ________ school.

A. a/x B. x/the C. an/x D. the/x
79
10. Do you go to ________ prison to visit him?
A. the B. a C. x D. an
11. ________eldest boy is at ________ college.

A. a/the B. the/x C. x/ a D. an/x
12. Are you going away next week? No, ________ week after next.
A. an B. a C. the D. x
13. Would you like to hear ________ story about ________ English scientist?
A. an/the B. the/the C. a/the D. a/ an
14. There’ll always be a conflict between ________ old and ________ young.
A. the/the B. an/a C. an/the D. the/a
15. There was ________ collision at ________ corner.

A. the/a B. an/the C. a/the D. the/the
Exercise 3: Đọc câu chuyện sau và điền mạo từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.
1. There was ________knock on ________door. I opened it and found

________small dark man in ________blue overcoat and _______woolen cap.
2. He said he was ________employee of ________gas company and had come to

read ________meter.
3. But I had ________suspicion that he wasn't speaking ________truth because

________meter readers usually wear ________peaked caps.
4. However, I took him to ________ meter, which is in ________dark corner under

________ stairs.
5. I asked if he had ________ torch; he said he disliked torches and always read
________ meters by ________light of ________match.
6. I remarked that if there was ________leak in ________ gas pipe there might be
________ explosion while he was reading ________meter.
7. He said, “As ________matter of ________fact, there was ________explosion in

________last house I visited; and Mr. Smith, ________owner of ________house,
was burnt in ________face.”
8. “Mr. Smith was holding ________lighted match at ________time of

________explosion.”
9. To prevent ________possible repetition of this accident, I lent him

________torch.
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10. He switched on ________torch, read ________meter and wrote ________
reading down on ________back of ________envelope.
11. I said in ________surprise that ________meter readers usually put

________readings down in ________book.
12. He said that he had had ________book but that it had been burnt in
________fire in________ Mr. Smith's house.
13. By this time I had come to ________conclusion that he wasn't ________genuine

meter reader; and ________moment he left ________house I rang ________police.
Exercise 4: Điền mạo từ thích hợp để tạo thành một bài IELTS Speaking Part 3
hoàn chỉnh.
Why do you think people need to show their status in society?
I believe that this is because it's important in (1)……….society to show you have
money or are successful – it is nature, or (2)……….way we are brought up, that
makes us feel like this, but also the pressure that society puts on everyone to be
successful. And showing status is basically showing that you have (3)……….money
and you have success, so this is what people want to do. Going back to the example
of the car, driving around in a Mercedes is (4)………very conspicuous show of
status – it basically says to people, “Look, I am successful and I have money.”
Another reason is possibly for respect. In many cultures, if someone has high status,
then they will be respected by others and they may receive (5)………..preferential
treatment.
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PRONOUN (Đại từ trong tiếng Anh)
1. Personal pronouns (Đại từ nhân xưng)
Ngôi Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ
Ngôi thứ nhất I Me
Số ít Ngôi thứ hai You You
Ngôi thứ ba He/She/It Him/Her/It

Ngôi thứ nhất We Us
Số nhiều Ngôi thứ hai You You
Ngôi thứ ba They Them
2. Indefinite pronouns (Đại từ bất định)
some- something, someone, somebody Someone is knocking at the door.

any- anything, anyone, anybody Anyone can take part in the party.
every- everything, everyone, everybody Everybody needs air and water to
live.
no- nothing, no one, nobody No one in our company works on
Saturday.
Khác all, one, none, another, each… None of them was suitable for the
job.
3. Possessive pronouns (Đại từ sở hữu)

Đại từ sở hữu được hình thành từ tính từ sở hữu. Đại từ sở hữu đứng độc lập, còn tính từ sở hữu
đứng trước một danh từ / cụm danh từ.
Đại từ nhân
Đại từ sở hữu Tính từ sở hữu
xưng
I mine my
you yours your
he his his
she hers her
it its its
we ours our
they theirs their
Minh Minh’s Minh’s
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4. Reflexive pronouns (Đại từ phản thân)
Đại từ nhân xưng Đại từ phản thân
I myself
you yourself / yourselves
he himself
she herself
it itself
we ourselves
they themselves
5. Relative pronouns (Đại từ quan hệ)

Đại từ quan hệ được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Đại từ quan hệ Chức năng trong câu Ví dụ

The girl who is wearing the red shirt is my
Who Chỉ người: S, O
neighbor.
The people whom my parents are talking
Whom Chỉ người: O
to are my relatives.
Did she take my computer which I put on
Which Chỉ người và vật: S, O
the table?
Mr. David, whose son has just achieved

the first prize in the last Math
Whose Chỉ tính sở hữu: N whose N
competition, is very proud of what his son
has done.
I love eating fruits which are rich in

That Chỉ người và vật: S and O
vitamins.
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6. Demonstrative pronouns (Đại từ chỉ định)
Đại từ chỉ định được hình thành từ các tính từ chỉ định. Đại từ chỉ định chính là tính từ chỉ định
đứng độc lập, không có danh từ theo sau.
Tính từ chỉ Đại từ chỉ Đại từ chỉ định

định định số nhiều
this this these
that that those
7. Interrogative pronouns (Đại từ nghi vấn)
Chức năng
Đại từ nghi vấn Ví dụ
trong câu
who S, O Who will cook lunch?
whose S, O Whose book did you borrow?
what S, O Which flight takes off first?
What kind of fast food do you like

which S, O
to eat?
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi câu dưới đây.
1. I have interviewed with twenty candidates for the vacant position, but _____ of
them was actually a good fit.
A. most C. much
B. neither D. none
2. Oakland is about to go bilingual, with two official languages, but _____ of them is
English.
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A. both C. neither
B. none D. either
3. On some computers there are keys which can have as many as five different
functions _____.
A. either C. none
B. each D. every
4. _____ argument could move _____ man from this decision.
A. No / either C. No / neither
B. Every / both D. Each / all
5. _____ Peter _____ Michael come here quite often but _____ of them gives us
help.
A. Both / and / either C. Both / and / neither

B. Neither / nor / both D. Either / or / all
6. He gave _____ of us advice about our present goals.
A. every C. the whole

B. each D. much
7. The Blues won the football match, but _____ players played well; In fact they
_____ played quite badly.
A. each / each C. all / all

B. neither of / both D. none of the / all
8. There were _____ people on the beach, so we weren't completely alone.
A. a few C. fewest
B. fewer D. very little
9. The two brothers got up at 8:30 that day. _____ of them were tired, because
_____ of them had slept well.
A. Both / neither C. Either / none

B. Neither / neither D. None / either
10. Everyone should have a checkup with the dentist _____ six months.
A. another C. every
B. each D. all
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Exercise 2: Điền đại từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.
1. My name is John. ……………………… am a French.

a. I b. Me
2. My parents live in New York. We visit ……………………. often.

a. they b. them
3. Let ……………………. help you drive the car.

a. I b. me
4. Should ……………………. help you drive the car?

a. I b. me
5. Can …………… show me where ………………. can find a good hotel in this city?
a. you, I b. you, me c. me, you
6. Jimmy should stay back after class. …………………. has volleyball practice.
a. He b. Him c. They
7. That book is ……………………… It is not ………………….

a. my, your b. mine, yours c. my, yours
8. This is ……………………. bag. That is ………………..

a. my, her b. my, hers c. mine, hers
9. We can go to ………………… house or we can go to ………………..

a. our, your b. our, yours c. ours, yours
10. My date is on 25th July and …………………. is on 1st August.

a. her b. hers c. she
Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng để tạo thành một bài IELTS Speaking Part 1
hoàn chỉnh.
Do you often (like to) listen to music? Or Do you like listening to music?
So far I haven’t met (1-anyone/ everyone/ no one) who dislikes listening to music.
However, when the workload is too heavy (2-it/ it is/ that) requires me to stay
highly focused, music is a huge distraction. Unlike (3-much/ more/ many) people
who like listening to instrumental music because it highly benefits for (4-its/ his/
their) concentration and study, in my case the music makes (5-I/ myself/ me) feel
instantly sleepy.
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Exercise 4: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi chỗ trống để hoàn thành bài
IELTS Writing task 1 hoàn chỉnh.
Secondary School Attendance
2000 2005 2009
Specialist Schools 12% 11% 10%
Grammar Schools 24% 19% 12%
Voluntary-
controlled 52% 38% 20%
Schools
Community
12% 32% 58%
Schools
The (1)…….illustrates the percentage of school children attending four different

types of secondary school from 2000 to 2009. It is evident that whereas the
community schools experienced a marked increase in the proportion of (2)………
attending their institutions over the period, the (3)………saw a corresponding
decline.
To begin, the percentage of pupils in voluntary-controlled schools fell from just over
half to only 20% or one fifth from 2000 to 2009. Similarly, the relative number of (4)
……….in grammar schools -- just under one quarter -- dropped by half in the same
period. As for the specialist schools, the relatively small percentage of pupils
attending this type of school (12%) also fell, although not significantly.
However, while the other three types of school declined in importance, the opposite
was true in the case of community schools. In fact, while only a small minority of
12% were educated in these schools in 2000, (5)……figure increased to well over
half of all pupils during the following nine years.
1 . A. pie chart B. flow chart C. table

2. A. those B. that C. this
3. A. other B. others C. another
4. A. child B. children C. childs
5. A. these B. following C. this
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GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITIONS)
Các loại giới từ
Chúng ta xét ví dụ sau:
Ví dụ:
Phân tích:
Ms Hoa had a blind date with her
Nhìn vào ví dụ đã cho, chúng ta thấy các giới
husband in 1999.
từ: with, in, at, by.
I was proposed marriage at a luxury
in + năm: vào năm nào đó (chỉ thời gian)
restaurant. That was an
unforgettable moment. at + địa điểm: ở địa điểm nào đó (chỉ nơi chốn)
The books written by Ms Hoa are very with/ by: với/ bởi ai đó
useful.
Giới từ được chia làm 3 nhóm chính:
- Giới từ chỉ thời gian
- Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn
- Một số giới từ quan trọng khác
1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian

Giới từ Cách sử dụng Ví dụ
on · ngày trong tuần ● on Thursday
● tháng / mùa ● in August / in winter
● thời gian trong ngày ● in the morning

in
● năm ● in 2006
● sau một khoảng thời gian nhất định ● in an hour

● cho night ● at night
at ● cho weekend ● at the weekend
● một mốc thời gian nhất định ● at half past nine
● từ khoảng thời gian nhất định trong quá khứ đến
since ● since 1980
hiện tại
● một khoảng thời gian nhất định tính từ quá khứ đến
for ● for 2 years
hiện tại
ago ● khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ ● 2 years ago
before ● trước khoảng thời gian ● before 2004
to ● nói về thời gian ● ten to six (5:50)
past ● nói về thời gian ● ten past six (6:10)
to / till / until ● đánh dấu bắt đầu và kết thúc của khoảng thời gian ● from Monday to/till Friday
till / until ● cho đến khi ● He is on holiday until Friday.
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● I will be back by 6 o’clock.
● giống at the latest
by
● By 11 o’clock, I had read five
● đến một mốc thời gian nào đó
pages.
2. Giới từ chỉ vị trí
● phòng, tòa nhà, đường, phố, thành phố, đất
● in the kitchen, in London
nước
● in the book
● sách, báo, tạp chí
in
● in the car, in a taxi
● xe ô tô, xe taxi
● in the picture, in the world
● bức tranh, thế giới
● có nghĩa next to, by an object
● at the door, at the station
● dung cho table
● at the table
at
● dung cho các sự kiện
● at a concert, at the party
● vị trí mà bạn làm gì đó (watch a film,
● at the cinema, at school, at work
study, work)
● gắn vào chỗ nào đó ● the picture on the wall
● sông ● London lies on the Thames.
● trên bề mặt ● on the table
on ● bên trái, bên phải ● on the left
● trên tầng của 1 tòa nhà ● on the first floor
● cho phương tiện công cộng ● on the bus, on a plane
● cho television, radio ● on TV, on the radio

● Jane is standing by/ next to/ beside the
by, next to, beside ● bên phải của ai đó hoặc cái gì đó
car.
● trên bề mặt thấp hơn (hoặc bị bao phủ bởi)
under ● the bag is under the table
cái khác
below ● thấp hơn cái khác nhưng cao hơn mặt đất ● the fish are below the surface
● put a jacket over your shirt
● bị bao phủ bởi cái khác
● over 16 years of age
over ● nhiều hơn
● walk over the bridge
● vượt qua một cái gì đó
● climb over the wall
above ● vị trí cao hơn một cái gì đó ● a path above the lake
● vượt qua ● walk across the bridge
across
● băng qua về phía bên kia ● swim across the lake
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● đến một nơi nào đó ● go to the cinema/London
to
● dùng cho bed ● go to bed
into ● đi vào một phòng/tòa nhà ● go into the kitchen / the house
● di chuyển theo hướng nào đó nhưng không
towards ● go 5 steps towards the house
trực tiếp đến chỗ đó
onto ● di chuyển lên trên một vật gì đó ● jump onto the table
from ● đến từ đâu đó ● a flower from the garden
3. Một số giới từ quan trọng
from ● who gave it ● a present from Jane
● who/what does it belong to ● a page of the book
of
● what does it show ● the picture of a palace
by ● who made it ● a book by Mark Twain
● walking or riding on horseback ● on foot, on horseback
on
● entering a public transport vehicle ● get on the bus
in ● entering a car / Taxi ● get in the car
off ● leaving a public transport vehicle ● get off the train
out of ● leaving a car / Taxi ● get out of the taxi
● rise or fall of something ● prices have risen by 10 percent
by
● travelling (other than walking or horse riding) ● by car, by bus
at ● for age ● She learned Russian at 45.
about ● for topics, meaning what about ● we were talking about you
Giới từ chỉ sự chuyển động
 To (đến)
Ví dụ: He goes to school by bus.
 From … To (từ … đến)
Ví dụ: How far is it from your school to your house?
 Through (xuyên qua)
Ví dụ: They walked through the forest.
 Across (ngang qua)
Ví dụ: The children ran straight across in front of our car.
 Round/ Around (xung quanh)
Ví dụ: The cat walks around the the large circle.
 Along (dọc theo)
Ví dụ: They walked along the riverside.

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 Up (lên)/ Down (xuống)
Ví dụ: The price of petroleum has went up.
 Toward (Towards) (về phía)
Ví dụ: People have different opinions towards Tom’s behavior.
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Exercise 1. Hoàn thành các câu sau với giới từ thích hợp.
1. Henry Ford was born ……………………. the 30th ……………………. July 1863.
2. He made his first car, the Quadricycle,……………………. June 1896.
3……….1903, he founded the Ford Motor Company.
4. Modern mass production ……….cars was developed ………. him ……….
5. Ford's Model T could then be assembled ……….just 93 minutes.
6………. 1927, 15 million Model T cars had been manufactured ………. the Ford
Motor Company.
7. Henry Ford became one ………. the richest and best-known people ………. the
world.
Exercise 2. Nhìn vào bức tranh và hoàn thành những chỗ trống sau.
1……………………. the picture, there are four people: two women and two men.
2. A man and a woman are sitting ……………………. the table.
3. They are sitting …………………….
4. The drinks are ……………………. the table.
5. One woman is standing ……………………. the table and saying something.
6. A man is barbecuing …………………….
Exercise 3. Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng 3 giới từ in, on, at.
1. Jedy was born …………….. the twentieth century.

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2. It is said that Fruit trees bloom …………….. April or May.
3. Gettysburg took place …………….. July 1863.
4. I like to take a bath …………….. the morning, but my roommate likes to take a
bath …………….. night.
5. The President lives ………… the White House, which is located ……………..
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue …………….. Washington, D.C.
6. It is located …………….. Madison Avenue ………….. New York City.
7. Mozart died …………. Vienna …………….. 1791 …………….. the age of 35.
8. I saw several people I know …………. the meeting …….….. Saturday afternoon.
9. Leaves turn gold …………….. the autumn.
10. Most college volleyball games are played …………….. Saturdays.
11. You should count ………. me.
12. Sam’s birthday is …………….. the end of May, …………….. May 29.
13. There will be lots of interesting events …………….. the coming weeks.
14. His office is ……………….. the third floor.
15. Their fans …………….. red T-shirts were coming with red lightsticks in their
hands.
16. Did you hear the news ……….... television or read it …………….. the
newspaper?
17. Smartphones are not practical ………….. present, but they may be ……………..
the near future.
18. The members of the government will be chosen …………….. random from a list
of voters.
19. He is …………….. the park with his children now.
20. I’m sure he gave me this book …………….. purpose.
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Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ - Động từ (Subject – Verb Agreement)
1. Động từ hành động

Theo sau đại từ và theo từng thì, các bạn biết động từ hành động được chia như
thế nào rồi nhỉ?
Đại từ số ít Đại từ số nhiều

I sing.
He / She / It sings. You/We/They sing.

I was playing badminton.
You/We/They were playing badminton.
He / She / It was playing badminton.
I ate.
You/ We/ They ate.
He/ She/ It ate.
Ví dụ:
- The number of movie goers this year increases to 20%.
2. Động từ nối
- “To be”
Đại từ “I” + am/was
Đại từ số nhiều (“You”, “We”, “They”) + are/were
Đại từ số ít (“He”, “She”, “It”) + is/was
Ví dụ: Some people think that it is really important for children to go to

universities.
- Các động từ nối khác: “Feel”, “Taste”, “Appear”, “Smell”, “Seem”, “Sound”,

…
Ví dụ:
- The dish tastes so good that I really want to try it again.
- This problem seems difficult to be solved.
- I felt extremely happy.
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3. Động từ khuyết thiếu
Động từ sẽ ở dạng nguyên thể khi đi sau động từ khuyết thiếu.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU:
➤ Không thêm “-s”, “-ed”, “-ing”, vào sau động từ khuyết thiếu.
➤ Động từ khuyết thiếu không cần chia ở ngôi thứ 3 như các động từ khác. Ở
trường hợp nào cũng giữ nguyên, không phải chia.
➤ Được sử dụng với những mục đích khác nhau của người nói.
➤ Không có hình thức động từ nguyên thể hay phân từ hai, bất quy tắc.
➤ Động từ chính đi với động từ khuyết thiếu không chia, ở dạng nguyên thể và có
"to" hoặc không.
➤ Trong các câu hỏi, câu hỏi đuôi, câu phủ định...không cần trợ động từ
Ví dụ:
He will take the bus to work.
It would seem that she is unwell.
4. There is/ there are

There is/are luôn đứng trước một danh từ/cụm danh từ là chủ thể của câu.
There is + singular nouns (danh từ số ít)
There are + plural nouns (danh từ số nhiều)
e.g.: There is one important reason why we must tackle the problem of global

warming.
(Chúng ta phải giải quyết hiện tượng nóng lên toàn cầu vì một lí do rất quan trọng)
There are several reasons why we must tackle the problem of global warming.
(Chúng ta phải giải quyết hiện tượng nóng lên toàn cầu vì một số lí do)
5. Either or / neither nor

Cấu trúc ‘either A or B’ (hoặc A hoặc B), ‘neither A nor B’ (không A cũng không B)
có thể đóng 3 kiểu vai trò trong câu:
- Chủ ngữ
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e.g. : Either Italy or France made it to the final round.
- Tân ngữ
e.g. : I can drink neither beer nor wine.
- Mệnh đề
e.g. : Either I find a well-paying job, or my parents will send me abroad.
Tuy nhiên, trong nội dung kiến thức S-V agreement, chúng ta sẽ học cấu trúc này
với vai trò là chủ ngữ. Công thức như sau:
danh từ danh từ số ít
Either/Neither cụm danh từ or/nor cụm danh từ số ít động từ số ít
đại từ đại từ số ít
danh từ danh từ số nhiều
Either/Neither cụm danh từ or/nor cụm danh từ số nhiều động từ số nhiều
đại từ đại từ số nhiều
Ở vai trò này, động từ được chia dựa vào danh từ đứng cạnh nó.
e.g. : Neither Apple nor Samsung wants to settle the disagreement peacefully.
Either you or them take out the trash!
6. Both A and B
Cấu trúc ‘both A and B’ có thể là chủ ngữ, cũng có thể là tân ngữ trong câu. Tuy
nhiên, trong nội dung kiến thức S-V agreement, chúng ta sẽ học cấu trúc này với vai
trò là chủ ngữ. Khi đó, động từ LUÔN chia số nhiều.
danh từ danh từ
Both cụm danh từ and cụm danh từ động từ số nhiều
đại từ đại từ
e.g. :
Both Japanese and Korean are difficult for me to study.
Both the local authority and the local people have made continuous attempts to

stop street littering.
7. A as well as B
Cấu trúc ‘A as well as B’ có thể là chủ ngữ, cũng có thể là tân ngữ trong câu. Tuy
nhiên, trong nội dung kiến thức S-V agreement, chúng ta sẽ học cấu trúc này với vai
trò là chủ ngữ. Khi đó, động từ LUÔN chia số ít.
danh từ as well as danh từ động từ số ít

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cụm danh từ cụm danh từ
đại từ đại từ
e.g. :
The local authority as well as the local people has made continuous attempts to

stop street littering.
My family can’t adopt a cat because my dad as well as my sister is allergic to cats’
fur.
8. Indefinete Pronouns - Đại từ bất định

Formula (Công thức)
Đại từ bất định là những từ không chỉ cụ thể đến người hay vật nào đó mà chỉ nói
một cách chung chung. Dưới đây là một số đại từ bất định phổ biến được hình
thành từ 4 nhóm:
every- some- any- no-

everyone someone anyone no one
everybody somebody anybody nobody
everything something anything nothing
Verb tense (Chia động từ)
Tất cả các động từ chỉ hành động của đại từ bất định đều phải được chia số ít.
e.g. :
Something needs to be done about the increasing rate of crime.
According to the news, no one is directly responsible for the problems.
LƯU Ý
Khi không muốn lặp lại các đại từ bất định chỉ người (everyone, everybody,
someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody) ta sử dụng đại từ số
nhiều they, them, their, themselves để thay thế.
e.g. : No one wants to admit their own faults.
Somebody doesn’t want to sacrifice themselves for the greater good.
9. Expressions of quantity
Với các phân số, phần trăm và các định lượng từ bất định (all, few, many,
much, some), động từ chia tương ứng với danh từ đứng ngay trước đó.
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- Với danh từ đếm được số ít và danh từ không đếm được, động từ được chia
số ít.
e.g. :
One-third of the article is taken up with statistical analysis.
Much of the book seems relevant to this study.
Half of what he writes is undocumented.
Fifty percent of the job is routine.
All the information is current
- Với danh từ đếm được số nhiều, động từ cũng được chia số nhiều
e.g. :
One-third of the students have graduate degrees.
Many researchers depend on grants from industry.
Half of his articles are peer-reviewed.
Fifty percent of the computers have CD-ROM drives.
All the studies are current.
- Với danh từ tập hợp (family, class, group…), động từ có thể chia số ít hoặc
số nhiều, phụ thuộc vào việc chủ thể thực hiện hành động đó đang được
nhắc đến dưới góc độ từng cá nhân hay cả tập thể.
e.g. :
Half of my family lives in Canada. (Một nửa gia đình tôi sống ở Canada trong cùng
một căn nhà nên được coi là một chủ thể thực hiện hành động.)
Half of my family live in Canada. (Một nửa gia đình tôi sống ở Canada nhưng mỗi
người ở một nơi khác nhau trong Canada nên được coi là nhiều người thực hiện
hành động.)
All of the class is/are here.
Ten percent of the population is/are bilingual.
Với các từ majority và minority
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Khi majority/minority diễn đạt một con số không cụ thể lớn hơn hoặc nhỏ hơn 50%,
động từ được chia số ít.
The majority holds no strong views.
A small minority indicates it supports the proposal.
Khi majority/minority nói đến một nhóm người cụ thể, động từ được chia số nhiều.
A majority of Canadians have voted for change.
A minority of the students are willing to pay more.
Với cụm từ diễn tả khoảng cách, khoảng thời gian, lượng tiền, động từ
thường chia số ít:
Ten dollars is a great deal of money to a child.
Ten kilometres is too far to walk.
Six weeks is not long enough.
Với cụm danh từ ‘the + adj’ mang ý nghĩa số nhiều, động từ cũng được chia
số nhiều.
The rich get richer.
The poor face many hardships.
Với cụm từ ‘number of’, động từ được chia phụ thuộc vào ngữ nghĩa của cụm
từ đó:
Khi diễn tả một chủ thể thống nhất, động từ được chia số ít, sử dụng mạo từ ‘the’
trước ‘number of’:
The number of students registered in the class is 20.
Khi đóng vai trò định lượng từ bất định, động từ được chia số nhiều, sử dụng mạo
từ ‘a’ trước ‘number of’:
A number of students were late.
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. Apple as well as grape ………her favorite fruits.
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a. has b. have c. is d. are
2. Neither Jane nor her sister ………exercise each morning.
a. do b. is doing c. does d. did
3. Drinking fruit juice…………..wonders for our health.
a. do b. is c. does d. have
4. John, along with twenty friends,……….planning a party.
a. are b. were c. is d. will
5. Reasons for this matter……………., but the most outstanding one is

that people don’t like to travel a long way to pick up children afterschool.
a. has varied b. has been varied c. varies d. vary
6. Both Jane and Mary…………..going to Jimmy’s birthday party next

Sunday.
a. has b. have c. are d. is
7. Physics………………..a difficult subject to some people.
a. was b. are c. is d. were
8. There……………100 people at the wedding yesterday.
a. was b. were c. are d. am
9. There……………an apple, 2 oranges and some bottles of milk on the

table.
a. is b. are c. were d. being
10. There…………….several people at the convention hall now.
a. were b. are c. was d. is
Exercise 2. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. A large number of students in this school………. . English quite

fluently.
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a. speaks b. is speaking c. has spoken d. speak
2. A series of lectures………being presented at the Central Hall this

week.
a. are b. will be c. has become d. is
3. Beauty as well as health ………. failed her this term.
a. has b. have c. is d. are
4. Bread and butter ………. what she asks for.
a. is b. are c. will be d. have been
5. Each student………. answered the first three questions.
a. has b. have c. have to d. must
6. Either John or his wife ………breakfast each morning.
a. make b. is making c. makes d. made
7. Everybody who ………. a fever must go home at once.
a. has b. have c. is having d. are having
8. Five dollars ………all I have on me.
a. are b. is c. will be d. have
9. John, along with twenty friends, ………. planning a party.
a. are b. is c. has been d. have been
10. Mathematics………. . the science of quantity.
a. was b. are c. is d. were
Exercise 3. Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc
1. The English (be) ………. famous for their calmness.
2. The money that (spend) …………. on education every year (be) ………
not enough.
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3. The number of employees who (not, finish) …………. their work yet
(have) ………. . to work on the weekend.
4. The office (close) …………on the weekend.
5. The office (try) ………a lot to win the boss’s heart recently.
6. Five kilos of gold (steal) ………. . from the bank yesterday.
7. Physics (cause) …………you any trouble at school.
8. Yesterday, neither you nor I (choose) …………. to deliver the speech.

So who (choose) ………. ?- Daisy and Ann (be) ……….
9. That you enjoy the food I cook (encourage) …………. me a lot.
10. When I (see) …………you yesterday, the boy in black trousers (try)
……. . to steal your wallet.
11. The contracts signed by the company (have) …………been voided

because some stipulations were not met.
12. Ten miles (be) ………. a very long distance for us to walk.
13. Each package that is not properly wrapped (have) ………. . to be

returned to the sender.
14. The keys of the house (have) ………. been lost.
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PASSIVE VOICE (Câu bị động)
Exercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động.
1. The waiter brings me this dish.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Jim baked this cake yesterday.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
7. They are going to buy a new apartment next year.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
8. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
11. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
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12. Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
13. They keep this room tidy all the time.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
14. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
15. They moved the fridge into the living room.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2. Cho dạng đúng của các động từ sau đây (có thể là chủ động hoặc
bị động) để tạo thành một bài IELTS Writing Task 1 hoàn chỉnh.
The first diagram (1-illustrate) …………………… the process of cement

manufacture, and the second diagram (2-show) …………………… the materials that
go into the production of concrete.
It is clear that there are five stages in the production of cement, beginning with the
input of raw materials and ending with bags of the finished product. To produce
concrete, four different materials (3-mix) …………………… together.
At the first stage in the production of cement, limestone and clay (4-crush)
…………………… to form a powder. This powder (5- then/ mix) ……………………
before it passes into a rotating heater. After heating, the resulting mixture (6-grind)
……………………, and cement (7-produce) ……………………. Finally, the cement
(8-package) …………………… in large bags.
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Cement is one of the four raw materials that (9-use) …………………… in the
production of concrete, along with gravel, sand and water. To be exact, concrete
(10-consist) …………………… of 50% gravel, 25% sand, 15% cement and 10%
water. All four materials are blended together in a rotating machine called a concrete
mixer.
Exercise 3. Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc.
1. The war ……………………………….. next week.(DECLARE)
2. Your homework ……………………………….. by tomorrow afternoon.(MUST

FINISH)
3. That house ………………………………... since I was a child. (NOT PAINT)
4. Smoking ……………………………….. in this hotel (NOT ALLOW)
5. After all the flights …………………………., the tourists checked in at the airport
hotel. (CANCEL)
6. The car ……………………..…. for over a week. (NOT WASH)
7. He ………………………. a new contract last year. (GIVE)
8. This song ………………………………..by the Beatles in 1967. (WRITE)
9. The earth …………………………… if we try hard enough to do something (CAN

SAVE)
10. The new bridge ……………………………….. at the moment. (BUILD)
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Mệnh đề quan hệ - Relative clause
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào mỗi câu sau.
1. She is talking about the author ________book is one of the best-sellers
this year.
A. which B. whose C. that D. who
2. He bought all the books __________are needed for the next exam.
A. which B. what C. those D. who
3. The children, __________parents are famous teachers, are taught

well.
A. that B. whom C. whose D. their
4. Do you know the boy ________we met at the party last week?
A. which B. whose C. who is D. whom
5. The exercises which we are doing ________very easy.

A. is B. has been C. are D. was
6. The man _______next to me kept talking during the film, _______really

annoyed me.
A. having sat / that B. sitting / which
C. to sit / what D. sitting / who
7. Was Neil Armstrong the first person ________foot on the moon?

A. set B. setting C. to set D. who was set
8. This is the village in ________my family and I have lived for over 20
years.
A. which B. that C. whom D. where
9. My mother, ________everyone admires, is a famous teacher.

A. where B. whom C. which D. whose
10. The old building __________is in front of my house fell down.

A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom
1. She is the most beautiful girl whose I have ever met.

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2. She can’t speak English, whom is a disadvantage.
3. The policeman must try to catch those people whom drive dangerously.
4. The person about who I told you yesterday is coming here tomorrow.
5. Mother's Day is the day where children show their love to their mother.
6. Do you know the reason when we should learn English?
7. The woman who she told me the news was not a native citizen here.
8. New Year Day is the day where my family members gather and enjoy it
together.
Exercise 3: Viết lại những câu sau có sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ.
1. The house has been built in the forest. It doesn’t have electricity.
-> ....
2. Do you know the man? He is coming towards us.
-> ....
3. I sent my parents some postcards. They were not so expensive.
-> ....
4. I come from a city. The city is located by the sea.
-> ....
5. The soup was so delicious. I had it for lunch.
-> ....
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Câu điều kiện
Exercise 1. Tìm lỗi sai và sửa.
1. If there was a ban on cigarette, less people would smoke cigarette.
2. If the tax rate on junk food had increased, people would likely to prefer
making food at home.
3. If schools administered with any teachers, disorder would arise.
4. If uncensored commercials had been banned, the crime rate would be

seized from rising.
5. If computers replaced teachers in the classroom, learning would have

been less effective.
1. If they had gone for a walk, they ……………………. the lights off.
A. had turned B. would have turn C. would turn D. would have turned
2. Would you mind if I ……………………. the window?
A. closed B. closing C. had closed D. would close
3. If you had tried your best, you ……………………. disappointed about

the result now.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t be C. wouldn’t have D. wouldn’t have been
4. If I had enough money, ……………………..
A. I will buy that house.
B. I’d have bought that house.
C. I could buy that house.
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D. I can buy that house.
5. I didn’t listen to him and I didn’t succeed.
A. If I listened to him, I would have succeeded.
B. If I had listened to him, I’d have succeeded.
C. If I had listened to him, I would succeed.
D. If I listened to him, I would succeed.
1. ……………………., he would not have had the accident yesterday.
A. If Peter driven more carefully
B. If had Peter driven more carefully
C. Had Peter driven more carefully
D. If Peter not had driven more carefully
2. ……………………. I rich, I would help you.
A. Were B. Was C. Am D. Been
3.……………………. you run into Peter, tell him to call me.
A. Are B. Should C. Been D. Will
4. Had I known her, I……………………. friend with her.
A. make B. would make C. will make D. would have made
5. Were I……………………. learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
A. to B. for C. in D. with
1. I’ll help you if ……………………..
A. you told me the truth. B. you tell me the truth.

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C. you will tell me the truth. D. you have told me the truth.
2. I have to work tomorrow morning, so I can’t meet you.
A. If I don’t have to work tomorrow morning, I can meet you.
B. If I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning, I could meet you.
C. I could meet you if I don’t have to work tomorrow morning.
D. I can meet you if I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning.
3. You drink too much coffee, that's why you can't sleep.
A. If you drank less coffee, you would be able to sleep.
B. You drink much coffee and you can sleep.
C. You wouldn’t sleep well if you hadn't drink any coffee.
D. You can sleep better without coffee.
5. If I had time, I ……………………. shopping with you.
A. went B. will go C. would go D. would have gone
6. If my father ……………………. me up, I'll take the bus home.
A. doesn’t pick B. don’t pick C. not pick D. picks
Exercise 5. Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng câu điều kiện.
1. I didn’t know that you were in the hospital yesterday, so I didn’t visit
you.
→ If ……………
2. Hurry up or you will be late for school.
→ If ……………
3. My mother is very busy, so she can’t help me now.
→ If ……………
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4. Lan didn’t call me because she didn’t know my phone number.
→ If ……………
5. You’re unhealthy because you don’t take exercise.
→ If ……………
6. He didn't study his lessons very carefully, so he gets bad marks

now.
→ If ……………
7. Leon often causes accidents because he drives carelessly.
→ If ……………
8. I can’t apply for that job because I don’t know English.
→ If ……………
9. Lien is overweight because she eats too much chocolate.
→ If ……………
10. His father often punishes him for his laziness.
→ If ……………
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Câu điều kiện loại 1
Bài 1. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc, sử dụng cấu trúc
câu điều kiện loại 1.
1. If she (invite) ......................... me, I (go) .......................... .
2. If it (rain) ........................., we (cancel) ......................... the match.
3. If I (get) ......................... a promotion, I (buy) ......................... a car.
4. If she (be late) ........................., we (go) ......................... without her.
5. If you (ask) ......................... more politely, I (buy) ......................... you a

drink.
6. If you (not behave) ........................., I (throw) ......................... you out.
7. If he (win) ......................... the first prize, his mother

(be) ......................... happy.
8. If he (get) ......................... proper medical care, he

(survive) .......................... .
9. If the drought (continue) ........................., plants and animals

(perish) .......................... .
1. If I (study) ........................., I (pass) ......................... the exams.
2. If the sun (shine) ........................., we (walk) ......................... into town.
3. If he (have) ......................... a temperature, he (see) .........................

the doctor.
4. If my friends (come) ........................., I (be) ......................... very

happy.
5. If she (earn) ......................... a lot of money, she (fly) .........................

to New York.
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6. If we (travel) ......................... to London, we (visit) ......................... the
museums.
7. If you (wear) ......................... sandals in the mountains, you

(slip) ......................... on the rocks.
8. If Rita (forget) ......................... her homework, the teacher

(give) ......................... her a low mark.
9. If they (go) ......................... to the disco, they (listen) ......................... to

loud music.
10. If you (wait) ......................... a minute, I (ask) ......................... my

parents.
1. If you (send) ......................... this letter now, she

(receive) ......................... it tomorrow.
2. If I (do) ......................... this test, I (improve) ......................... my

English.
3. If I (find) ......................... your ring, I (give) ......................... it back to

you.
4. Peggy (go) ......................... shopping if she (have) .........................

time in the afternoon.
5. Simon (go) ......................... to London next week if he

(get) ......................... a cheap flight.
6. If her boyfriend (not/phone) ......................... today, she

(leave) ......................... him.
7. If they (not/study/) ......................... harder, they

(not/pass) ......................... the exam.
8. If it (rain) ......................... tomorrow, I (not/have to) .........................

water the plants.
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9. You (not/be able) ......................... to sleep if you
(watch) ......................... this scary film.
10. Susan (can/not/move) ......................... into the new house if it (not/be)

......................... ready on time.
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Bài 1. Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. If I (were/was/would be) ....................... rich, I (will try/would

try/tried) ....................... to help the poor.
2. What (would you do/will you do/did you do) ....................... if you (see/would
see/saw) ....................... a huge spider in your shoe?
3. If I (was/would be/were) ....................... you, I (asked/would ask/will

ask) ....................... for their help.
4. If he (finded/would find/found) ....................... a wallet in the street, he (would

take/took/taked) ....................... it to the police.
5. If she (were/was/would be) ....................... a colour, she (is/would

be/were) ....................... red.
6. They (were/would be/will be) ....................... terrified if they (saw/see/would

see) ....................... aliens in their garden.
Bài 2. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc, sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 2.
1. If I (have) ....................... a lot of money, I (buy) ....................... a yacht.
2. If I (be) ....................... a baby, I (cry) ....................... all of the time.
3. If she (eat) ....................... lots of chocolate, she (have) ....................... bad teeth.
4. If I (not have) ....................... a pencil, I (borrow) ....................... one.
5. If he (not have to) ....................... go to school, he (watch) .......................

television all day.
6. If she (have) ....................... good grades, she (be) ....................... happy.
7. My boss (be) ....................... very pleased if I (finish) ....................... the job.
8. I (not go) ....................... to school if I (have) ....................... a bad cold.
9. If she (earn) ....................... some money, she (buy) ....................... a new dress.
10. If I (invite) ....................... fifty friends to my birthday party, my parents

(be) ....................... mad.
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1. If he (start) ....................... at once, he (arrive) ....................... there by midday.
2. Tom (be) ....................... sick if he (eat) ....................... all those chocolates.
3. If I (lose) ....................... my glasses, I (not be) ....................... able to read.
4. You (become) ....................... ill if you (forget) ....................... your jacket.
5. If the weather (get) ....................... colder, I (buy) .......................a new coat.
Bài 4. Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. If I (win/won/had won) ....................... the lottery, I (am/will be/would be/would

have been) ....................... a millionaire.
2. If I (am/were/will be/had been) ....................... rich, I (will quit/would

quit/quit) ....................... my job.
3. I (travel/would travel/will travel) ....................... around the world if I (quit/will

quit/would quit) ....................... my job.
4. I (buy/will buy/would buy) ....................... anything I want if I (get/got/will get/would

get) ....................... that jackpot.
5. I (buy/will buy/would buy/would have bought) ....................... the most expensive

car if I (want/wanted/will want/would want) ........................
6. If I (travel/traveled/would travel) ....................... somewhere, I (stay/will stay/would

stay/would have stayed) ....................... in the most luxurious hotels.
7. But I (am not/will not be/would not be) ....................... too materialistic if I
(have/had/will have/would have) ....................... millions of dollars.
8. I (help/will help/would help) ....................... the poor if I (become/became/had

become) ....................... a millionaire.
9. I (give/will give/would give) ....................... some money to charities, if I (am/will

be/would be/were) ....................... rich.
10. If I (have/had/will have/would have) ....................... millions of dollars, I (am

not/will not be/would not be) ....................... mean.
- If we (have) ....................... a yacht, we (sail) ....................... the seven seas.
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- If he (have) ....................... more time, he (learn) ....................... karate.
- If they (tell) ....................... their father, he (be) ....................... very angry.
- She (spend) ....................... a year in the USA if it (be) ....................... easier to get
a green card.
- If their son (be) ....................... taller, he (be) ....................... a model.
- We (help) ....................... you if we (know) ....................... how.
- My brother (buy) ....................... a sport car if he (have) ....................... enough

money.
- If I (feel) ....................... better, I (go) ....................... to the cinema with you.
- If you (go) ....................... by bike more often, you (not be) ....................... so
flabby.
- She (not talk) ....................... to you if she (be) ....................... mad at you.
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Bài 1. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
- If I had known my friend was in the hospital, I (go) ............................ to see her.
- I did not see you in the pool yesterday. If I had seen you, I
(swim) ............................ with you.
- My mother did not go to the gym yesterday. She (go) ............................ if she had
not been so tired.
- She (not/ leave) ............................ home if her father had not disturbed her.
- If he had been looking in front of himself, he (not/ walk) ............................ into the
wall.
- The view of the mountain was wonderful. If I had had a camera, I

(take) ............................ some pictures.
- She was not thirsty. If she had been thirsty, she (drink) ............................ some
water.
- If my grandmother had gone to the university, she (study) ............................

science. She likes science a lot.
- If I had known how to swim, I (swim) ............................ when we went to the

beach.
- If you had given a direct address to me, I (find) ............................ that museum
easily.
- If I had had enough money, I (buy) ............................ a big house for myself.
- We (go) ............................ for the picnic yesterday if the weather had not been
rainy.
- If the weather (be) ............................ nice, they (play) ............................ football.
- If we (go) ............................ to a good restaurant, we (have) ............................ a

better dinner.
- If John (learn) ............................ more words, he (write) ............................ a good

report.
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- If the boys (take) ............................ the bus to school, they
(arrive) ............................ on time.
- If the teacher (explain) ............................ the homework, I (do) ............................ it.
- If they (wait) ............................ for another 10 minutes, they

(see) ............................ the pop star.
- If the police (come) ............................ earlier, they (arrest) ............................ the

burglar.
- If you (buy) ............................ fresh green vegetables, your salad

(taste) ............................ better.
- If Alex (ask) ............................ me, I (email) ............................ her the documents.
- If he (speak) ............................ more slowly, Peggy (understand) ............................

him.
- If you (study) ............................ for the test, you (pass) ............................ it.
- If you (ask) ............................ me, I (help) ............................ you.
- If we (go) ............................ to the cinema, we (see) ............................ my friend

Jacob.
- If you (speak) ............................ English, she (understand) ............................. .
- If they (listen) ............................ to me, we (be) ............................ home earlier.
- I (write) ............................ you a postcard if I (have) ............................ your

address.
- If I (not/break) ............................ my leg, I (take part) ............................ in the

contest.
- If it (not/ start) ............................ to rain, we (walk) ............................ to the

museum.
- We (swim) ............................ in the sea if there (not/ be) ............................ so

many sharks there.
- If she (take) ............................ the bus, she (not/ arrive) ............................ on time.
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Câu hỏi đuôi (Tag question)
2.1. Hiện tại đơn
Động từ “to be”:
- S + am/is/are + O, isn’t/ aren’t + S?
Ví dụ 1: I am late, aren’t I? (Tôi đến trễ phải không?)
Ví dụ 2: He is not nice, isn’t he ? ( Anh ấy không tốt phải không?)
Động từ thường:
- S + V + O, don’t/doesn’t + S?
Ex: Tom likes football, doesn’t he (Tom thích bóng đá, phải không?)
Ex: Tom doesn’t like football, does he? ( Tom không thích bóng đá, phải không?)
2.2. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
- S + am/is/are + V_ing, isn’t/ aren’t + S?
- S + am/is/are + not + V_ing, am/is/are + S?
Ex: It is raining, isn’t it? (Trời đang mưa phải không?)
Ex: It isn’t raining, is it?
2.3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
- S + have/has + V3/ed, haven’t/ hasn’t + S?
- S + have/has + not + V3/ed, have/has + S?
Ex:Tom has gone out, hasn’t he? (Tom vừa chạy ra ngoài phải không?)
Ex:Tom hasn’t gone out, has he?
2.4. Thì quá khứ đơn
Động từ “to be”
- S + was/were + O, wasn’t/weren’t + S?
- S + was/were + not + O, was/were + S?
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Ex:They were late, weren’t they? (Họ đến trễ phải không?)
Ex: They weren’t late, were they?
Động từ thường
- S + V2/ed + O, didn’t + S?
- S + didn’t + V + O, did + S?
Ex: She had to leave early, didn’t she? (Cô ấy phải rời sớm phải không?)
Ex: She didn’t have to leave early, did she?
2.5. Thì tương lai đơn
- S + will + V_inf, won’t + S? S + will + not + V_inf, will + S?
Ex: You’ll be back soon, won’t you? (Có phải bạn sẽ quay lại sớm?)
Ex: You won’t be back soon, will you?
2.6. Động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verbs)
- S + modal verbs + V_inf, modal verbs + not + S?
- S + modal verbs + not + V_inf, modal verbs + S?
Ex: The children can swim, can’t they? (Bọn trẻ có bơi được không?)
Ex: The children can’t swim, can they?
Chú ý: Trong câu hỏi đuôi chúng ta luôn luôn dùng các đại từ chủ ngữ (I, he, it,
they,..) để đặt câu hỏi. Nếu là câu hỏi đuôi phủ định chúng ta dùng hình thức tỉnh
lượt giữa “not” với “to be” hoặc với trợ động từ (isn’t, don’t, doesn’t, haven’t, didn’t,
can’t, won’t,…)
Ví dụ: Tom was at home, wasn’t he? Không nói: Wasn’t Tom? hay was not Tom?
III. CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI ĐẶC BIỆT CẦN CHÚ Ý
- Câu giới thiệu dùng “I am”, câu hỏi đuôi là “aren’t I”
Ví dụ: I am a student, aren’t I?
- Câu giới thiệu dùng Let’s, câu hỏi đuôi là “Shall we”
Ví dụ: Let’s go for a picnic, shall we?

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- Chủ ngữ là những đại từ bất định “Everyone, someone, anyone, no one,
nobody…” câu hỏi đuôi là “they”
Ví dụ: Somebody wanted a drink, didn’t they?
Nobody phoned, did they?
- Chủ ngữ là “nothing” thì câu hỏi đuôi dùng “it”. Và Nothing là chủ ngữ có nghĩa là
mệnh đề giới thiệu đang ở dạng phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định.
Ví dụ: Nothing can happen, can it?
- Trong câu có các trạng từ phủ định và bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly,
scarely, little… thì câu đó được xem như là câu phủ định – phần hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng
khẳng định
Ví dụ: He seldom drinks wine, does he?
- Câu đầu có It seems that + mệnh đề, lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ: It seems that you are right, aren’t you ?
- Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ, dùng “it” trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ: What you have said is wrong, isn’t it ?
Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn’t it ?
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh cách (Do…/Don’t do v.v… ), câu hỏi đuôi thường là … will
you?:
Ví dụ: Open the door, will you?
Don’t be late, will you?
- Câu đầu là I WISH, dùng MAY trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ: I wish to study English, may I ?
- Chủ từ là ONE, dùng you hoặc one trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ: One can be one’s master, can’t you/one?
- Câu đầu có MUST, must có nhiều cách dùng cho nên tùy theo cách dùng mà sẽ
có câu hỏi đuôi khác nhau
Must chỉ sự cần thiết: => dùng needn’t
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Ví dụ: They must study hard, needn’t they?
Must chỉ sự cấm đoán: => dùng must Ex: You mustn’t come late, must you ? Must
chỉ sự dự đoán ở hiện tại: => dựa vào động từ theo sau must
Ex: He must be a very intelligent student, isn’t he? ( anh ta ắt hẳn là 1 học sinh rất
thông minh, phải không ?)
Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở quá khứ ( trong công thức must +have+ p.p) : => dùng [ ] là
have/has Ex: You must have stolen my bike, haven’t you? ( bạn chắc hẵn là đã lấy
cắp xe của tôi, phải không?)
- Câu cảm thán, lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ, [ ] dùng is, am, are
Ví dụ: What a beautiful dress, isn’t it?
How intelligent you are, aren’t you?
- Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy,
imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel + mệnh đề phụ, lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi
đuôi.
Ví dụ: I think he will come here, won’t he?
I don’t believe Mary can do it, can she?
( lưu ý MĐ chính có not thì vẫn tính như ở MĐ phụ)
- Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là I thì lại dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu
hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ: She thinks he will come, doesn’t she?
USED TO:
- Used to: từng (diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường lập đi lập lại trong quá khứ).
- Trường hợp này, ta cứ việc xem USED TO là một động từ chia ở thì quá khứ. Do
đó, câu hỏi đuôi tương ứng chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ DID
Ví dụ: She used to live here, didn’t she?
Had better:
“Had better” thường được viết ngắn gọn thành ‘D BETTER, nên dễ khiến ta lúng
túng khi phải lập câu hỏi đuôi tương ứng. Khi thấy ‘D BETTER, chỉ cần mượn trợ
động từ HAD để lập câu hỏi đuôi.
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Ví dụ: He’d better stay, hadn’t he?
WOULD RATHER
Would rather thường được viết gọn là ‘D RATHER nên cũng dễ gây lúng túng cho
bạn. Chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ WOULD cho trường hợp này để lập câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ: You’d rather go, wouldn’t you?
MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý KHI LÀM BÀI TẬP CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI

1. Chủ ngữ
- Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ, thì chúng ta lặp lại đại từ
Ví dụ: She had a great time, didn’t she?
- Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay thế
Ví dụ: The girls wanted to go to cinema, didn’t they?
- Với everything, nothing, anything, something, chúng ta dùng đại từ it cho câu hỏi
đuôi
Ví dụ: Everything is good, isn’t it?
- Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ bất định chỉ người như nobody, somebody, everybody, no
one, someone hoặc everyone, chúng ta dùng they trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ:
Nobody asked for me, did they?
Someone lives here, do they?
2. Động từ
2.1. Có trợ động từ (do, does, did, have, has)
Nếu trong mệnh đề chính có trợ động từ, ta sử dụng nó ở dạng phủ định để tạo
thành câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ:
You've got a car, haven't you?
I don't need to finish this today, do I?
James is working on that, isn't he?
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Your parents have retired, haven't they?
The phone didn't ring, did it?
Your mum hadn't met him before, had she?
2.2. Không có trợ động từ
Trong trường hợp mệnh đề chính không có trợ động từ, và động từ chính của nó ở
thì hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn, ta sử dụng don’t, doesn’t , didn’t hoặc haven’t
cho câu hỏi đuôi tuỳ theo thì trong mệnh đề chính
Ví dụ:
Jenni eats cheese, doesn't she?
I said that already, didn't I?
They play football on Sundays, don't they?
2.3 Động từ chính là động từ tobe
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là tobe như is, am, are (hiện tại đơn) và was,
were (quá khứ đơn) thì ta dùng động từ tobe đó ở thể ngược lại trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ:
The bus stop's over there, isn't it?
None of those customers were happy, were they?
2.4 Có modal verb
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là modal verb, chúng ta sử dụng modal verb đó ở
thể ngược lại trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ:
They could hear me, couldn't they?
You won't tell anyone, will you?
3. Các trường hợp đặc biệt
- Ta dùng câu hỏi đuôi ở thể khẳng định sau một mệnh đề chính có các từ phủ định
như never, hardly, nobody
Ví dụ:
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Nobody lives in this house, do they?
You’ve never liked me, have you?
He never goes out with his dog, does he?
- Với used to trong mệnh đề chính, ta dùng “didn’t” trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ:
You used to work here, didn’t you?
He used to have long hair, didn’t he?
- Trong các câu cầu khiến, chúng ta thường sử dụng will trong câu hỏi đuôi nhưng
chúng ta cũng có thể sử dụng would, could, can và won’t.
Ví dụ:
Turn the TV down, will you?
Don’t shout, will you? I can hear you perfectly well.
Come here a minute, can you?
Open the window, would you?
- Nếu mệnh đề chính sử dụng “let’s”, ta sử dụng “shall” we cho mệnh đề sau
Ví dụ: Let's take the next bus, shall we?
- Nếu trong mệnh đề chính có sử dụng “am”, câu hỏi đuôi dạng khẳng định sẽ là am
I , nhưng dạng phủ định sẽ là aren’t I
Ví dụ:
I am late, aren't I?
I'm in charge of the food, aren't I?
I'm never on time, am I?
I'm going to get an email with the details, aren't I?
5. Ngữ điệu trong câu hỏi đuôi
- Nếu chúng ta không biết câu trả lời và không chắc chắn, lên giọng ở câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ: You don’t know where the boss is, do you?

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- Nếu chúng ta biết câu trả lời và hỏi chỉ để xác nhận thông tin, chúng ta xuống
giọng ở câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ: That film was fantastic, wasn’t it?
VI. ỨNG DỤNG TAG QUESTION TRONG BÀI THI IELTS

Câu hỏi đuôi - tag question thường được ứng dụng trong bài thi speaking của ielts
để cho bài nói sinh động hơn.
Ví dụ như:
Topic: Animals Part 1:
Do you like animals?
I would say I don’t hate them. I am not very much of an animal lover but I love them
if they exist and I am able to see them. But, owning an animal is not easy, isn’t it ? .
Because it takes much time and money.
Are people in your country fond of animals?
Yes, they are. People in my country love animals. You could find a dog or a cow
being owned by a family. And it is not for any monetary reasons but because they
like being around them and caring for them. Animals do bring a certain extent of
happiness and togetherness in a family, don’t they? .So having some animals is
popular in my country.
1. She’s from a small town in China, .... ?
2. He's still sleeping, .... ?
3. We’re late again, .... ?
4. I’m not the person with the tickets, .... ?
5. You do go to school, .... ?
6. The weather is really bad today, .... ?
7. Let's go for a walk, .... ?
8. They aren’t in Mumbai at the moment, .... ?
9. We won't be late, .... ?
10. John’s a very good student, .... ?

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11. Nobody called, .... ?
12. She doesn’t work in a hotel, .... ?
13. They will wash the car, .... ?
14. We live in a tiny flat, .... ?
15. We must lock the doors, .... ?
16. David and Julie don’t take Chinese classes, .... ?
17. I often come home late, .... ?
18. I'm right, .... ?
19. She doesn’t cook very often, .... ?
20. So you bought a car, .... ?
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So sánh hơn kém, so sánh bằng, so sánh nhất
1. So sánh bằng
So sánh bằng được thực hiện bằng cách thêm as + adj/adv + as.
✪ Công thức:
(+) S + to be/ V + as + adj/ adv + as + (S + tobe/ V) + O
(-) S + to be/ V + not + as + adj/ adv + as + O
✪ Ví dụ:
Jane sings as well as her sister. (Jane hát hay như chị cô ấy.)
Is the film as interesting as you expected? (Phim có hay như bạn mong đợi không?)
✪ Với câu phủ định, bạn có thể sử dụng so thay cho as
[ not as/ so + adj/ adv + OS )
Ex: This flat isn’t as/ so big as our old one.
(Căn hộ này không lớn bằng căn hộ cũ của chúng tôi.)
✪ So sánh bằng nhau hoặc như nhau cũng có thể được diễn đạt bằng cấu
trúc the same as.
S + to be + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun
Ex: My house is as high as his. = My house is the same height as his. Or The height
of my house is the same as his.
(Nhà tôi cao bằng nhà anh ấy.)

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✪ Tuy nhiên, bạn chú ý,
Dùng the same as nhưng không dùng the same like.
Ex: What would you like to drink? ~ I’ll have the same as you.
(Anh muốn uống gì? ~ Tôi uống giống như anh.) [NOT the same like]
✪ Công thức:
Less... than = not as/ so... as
- Nhưng khi sử dụng khi nói thân mật not as/ so...as thường được dùng hơn
less...than.
Today is less cold than yesterday. = Today isn’t as/ so cold as yesterday.
- Để so sánh về gấp bao nhiêu lần thì ta dùng cấu trúc là: twice as … as, three
times as … as,..
Ex: Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.
(Giá xăng bây giờ đắt gấp đôi giá xăng cách đây vài năm.)
Her book costs three times as much as mine.
Cuốn sách của cô ấy giá đắt hơn 3 lần của tôi
=> Trường hợp phủ định, as thứ nhất có thể được thay bằng so. Sau as là 1 đại từ
nhân xưng chủ ngữ, không được dùng tân ngữ.
Bạn có thể sử dụng danh từ để so sánh trong trường hợp này nhưng khi so sánh thì
phải xác định danh từ phải có tính từ tương đương.
✪ Công thức:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun
My house is as high as his.
My house l is the same height as his.
(high – height)
2. So sánh hơn kém

So sánh hơn được dùng để so sánh giữa 2 người, sự việc, sự vật, hiện tượng.
Chúng ta phân chia hai loại:

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- So sánh với tính từ ngắn – có 1 vần
- So sánh với tính từ dài – có 2 vần trở lên
Theo công thức khác nhau.
Cụ thể.
✪ Công thức so sánh với tính từ ngắn
Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có 1 âm tiết. Chúng ta thêm er phía sau tính từ để thể hiện
sự so sánh hơn.
- Công thức có thể áp dụng với trạng từ có 1 âm tiết và 1 số tính từ 2 âm tiết có tận
cùng bằng -ow, -y, -le, như dưới đây.
- Quy tắc: Nếu tận cuối cùng âm y thì đổi thành I ngắn trước khi thêm er
- Nếu tính từ mà có bắt đầu bằng phụ âm – nguyên âm – phụ âm thì phụ âm cuối
phải gấp đôi trước khi thêm er.
Ex: big (to, lớn) —> bigger (to hơn, lớn hơn)
fast (nhanh) —> faster (nhanh hơn)
quiet (yên lặng) —» quieter (yên lặng hơn)
happy (hạnh phúc) -> happier (hạnh phúc hơn)
clever (thông minh) -» cleverer (thông minh hơn)
narrow (hẹp) -> narrower (hẹp hơn)
simple (đơn giản) —> simpler (đơn giản hơn)
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Ex: Tom is taller than Bin. (Hươu cao cổ cao hơn người.)
- Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh hơn thì bạn thêm much, far trước khi so sánh.
Ex: Harry’s computer is much far more expensive than mine.
(Máy tính của Harry dắt hơn nhiều so với đồng hồ của tôi.)
- Đối với tính từ dài, có 2 âm tiết trở lên thì ta thêm more vào trước tính từ (hoặc
trạng từ) để thể hiện so sánh hơn kém.
S + V + more/less + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun
- Tuy nhiên, không áp dụng với các từ hai âm tiết kết thúc bằng đuôi -er, -ow, -y, -
le).
Ex: useful (hữu ích) -> more useful (hữu ích hơn)
boring (tẻ nhạt) -> more boring (tẻ nhạt hơn)
tired (mệt) -> more tired (mệt hơn)
quickly (nhanh) —> more quickly (nhanh hơn)
quietly (yên tĩnh) -> more quietly (yên tĩnh hơn)
beautiful (đẹp) -» more beautiful (đẹp hơn)
interesting (thú vị) -» more interesting (thú vị hơn)
✪ Tổng kết công thức:
S + V + “short adj/ adv + er/ more + long adj/ adv” + than + noun/ pronoun/ clause
- Sau than là đại từ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ, không phải tân ngữ
- Khi so sánh một vật hay một người với tất cả vật, người còn lại thì ta thêm else
- Khi so sánh một vật hoặc một người với tất cả người hoặc vật còn lại thì ta phải
thêm “else” sau anything/anybody.
Ex: He is smarter than anybody else in the class.
- Ở mệnh đề quan hệ, chủ ngữ sau “than“/”as” có thể bỏ được nếu 2 chủ ngữ trùng
nhau.
- Các tân ngữ có thể bị loại bỏ sau các động từ ở mệnh đề sau “than” và “as“
132
Lưu ý: Chúng ta cũng có thể thay cấu trúc not as...as bằng not so...as để nói rằng
cái gì đó là không bằng cái kia (So sánh không bằng), nhưng KHÔNG thay as...as
bằng so...as.
3. So sánh nhất
So sánh nhất dùng để so sánh sự vật, hiện tượng với tất cả sự vật, hiện tượng
khác, nhấn mạnh nét nổi trội nhất.
✪ Cấu trúc:
- Tính từ ngắn:
S + V + the + adj+EST ….
Ex:
Mai is the tallest in the class.
Tom learns the best in his class.
Yakutia, Russia is the world's coldest city.
- Tính từ dài:
S + V + the MOST + adj ….
Ex:
She is the most beautiful girl in the class.
Thanh is the most handsome boy in the neighborhood.
- So sánh kém nhất
S + V + the least + Tính từ/Trạng từ + Noun/ Pronoun/ Clause
Ví dụ: Her ideas were the least practical suggestions.
133
Một số từ bất quy tắc, chuyển Tính từ -> So sánh nhất
Good -> The best
Bad -> The worst
Much / many -> The most
Little -> The least
Far -> Further
Happy -> the happiest
Simple -> the simplest
Narrow -> the narrowest
Clever -> the cleverest
Lưu ý:
- Đổi đuôi tính từ với các từ có hai âm tiết mà tận cùng bằng y sẽ được xem là tính
từ ngắn: happy, busy, lazy, easy ….
- Ở công thức so sánh hơn thì đổi y thành I ngắn rồi thêm er, còn với so sánh nhất
thì thêm est.
Ex:
He is busier than me.
- Tính từ ngắn kết thúc là 1 phụ âm mà trước đó có 1 nguyên âm duy nhất thì nhân
đôi phụ âm rồi thêm est
Ex:hot–>hotter/hottest)
134
- Tính từ , trạng từ dài có hai âm trở lên nhưng một số tính từ có hai vần nhưng kết
thúc bằng le”,”et”,”ow”,”er”vẫn xem là tính từ ngắn (ví dụ: slow–> slower)
- Nhấn mạnh bổ ngữ:
Tương tự so sánh trên, bạn có thể bổ nghĩa thêm cho câu so sánh nhất với có thể
nhấn mạnh bằng cách thêm almost (hầu như); much (nhiều); quite (tương đối); by
far/ far (rất nhiều) vào trước hình thức so sánh.
Most khi dùng với nghĩa very (rất) thì không có the đứng trước và không có ngụ ý
so sánh
Ví dụ: He is the smartest by far.
Exercise 1. Pick the right words in the box below to complete the sentence
Fun popular delicious talented developed

succesful
a. Was the party as ……….. as she expected?
b. Apple is as………………………..as Samsung
c. Pham Nhat Vuong’s career is…………………………as many billionaires’ career in

the world
d. Saigon used to be as………………….as several countries in Asia
e. My mom’s dishes are as…….………………as food served at restaurants
f. Many people believe that Quang Hai is not as…………… as many famous footbal
players in the world
Exercise 2: Chia theo câu so sánh phù hợp
1. Many people would argue that robots are ……more intellignt…… (intelligent) than
human.
2. The price in the countryside is………cheaper…… (cheap) than that in big cities.
3. Canada is far ………larger… (large) than Vietnam.
4. My garden is a lot more colorful……. (colourful) than this park.
5. My friend is quieter… (quiet) than me.
6. Art-related subjects are …more interesting. (interesting) than science classes.

135
7. My current apartment is ……more comfortable……. (comfortable) than the one I
rented 2 years ago.
8. The weather this autumn is even ………nicer……… (nice) than last autumn.
9. These products in this grocery are …more natural…… (natural) than these in the
near one.
10. A holiday by the mountains is more memorable….(memorable) than a holiday in

the sea
Exercise 3. Choose the correct form of adjective
a) Who is the …tallest. (tall) person in your family?
b) My mum is the …best (good) cook in the world.
c) Saigon is the…….. biggest(big) month of the year in my country.
d) Cutting down trees could be considered to be one of …the most dangerous…….

(dangerous) reason leading to pollution.
e) Goods is going to be……more expensive… (expensive) during Tet holiday.
f) Where are the ……nicest…… (nice) beaches in your country?
g) I bought the TV with the……most reasonable…….. (reasonable) price ever.
h) Who is the most famous…… (famous) singer in your country?
Exercise 4: Choose the correct form of Adj
a) Internet is one of (important)_____the most important___________inventions that

changes humans’ life.
b) He was a (creative) ___the most creative____ student in the class.
c) I prefer visitting Hongkong, one of (vibrant) ____the_most vibrant____city in the

world.
d) I feel (encouraged) ____more encouraged_____whenever I talk to my dad.
e) Youtube is (popular) __the most popular_____site that allows people to share

videos globally.
Exercise 5: Which of the following sentences is incorrect?
1) Mary is shortter than Jane.

136
2) Hanoi is farrer to Hochiminh City than Danang. second and third sentences are
incorrect
3) I have the goodest score in the exam.
Exercise 6: Which one is correct?
a) That was the funniest/ most funny thing to do.
b) My sister is the most prettiest/prettiest in the family.
c) It’s one of the best/ most better center in the North West.
d) She is by far the most rich/ richest woman in the world.
e) School days are supposed to be the most happy/ happiest days of your life but I
don’t agree.
f) What is the most popular/ popularest sport in your country?
g) That was a really good meal, probably one of the healthiest/ most healthy I have
ever eaten.
h) I’m surprised I didn’t fall asleep. I think that he is one of the most boring/ boringest
people in the world.
Exercise 7: Rewrite the sentence based on the given words
a) People/ their views/ who are ready to change/to adapt to new culture often find it
easier.
-> ....
b) Prefer travelling by train/ because/travelling by plane/ many people/ they think it is

safer than.
-> ....
c) The most complicated language/ I really don’t know/ I think this is/ I have ever
tried to study/; if I’m making progress.
->
d) In the original version/the film much/ You’ll find/ funnier/ if you watch it.
-> ....
137
e) Understanding their teachers/ many overseas students/ understanding other
students/ a bigger problem than/ find.
-> ....
f) The most/ students/ the ones with the best brains /are not always/successful.
-> ....
138

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Bai Tap Tense

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PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE ( HTD)

Thể khẳng định Thể phủ định Thể nghi vấn

Exercise 2. Chia động từ trong ngoặc.

1. My brother always ................................ Saturday dinner. (make)

2. Ruth ................................ eggs; they ................................ her ill. (not

3. "Have you got a light, by any chance?" "Sorry, I ................................"

5................................ your parents ................................ your boyfriend?

6. How often ................................ you ................................ hiking? (go)

7. Where ................................ your sister ................................? (work)

8. Ann ................................. usually ................................ lunch. (not have)

9. Who ................................ the ironing in your house? (do)

10. We ................................ out once a week. (hang)

Ví dụ:0. Claire is very open-minded. She knows (know) lots of people.

1. My friend is finding life in Paris a bit difficult. He ................................

2. Most students live quite close to the college, so they .........................

3. How often ................................ you ................................ (look) in a

5. No breakfast for Mark, thanks. He ................................ (eat) breakfast.

6. What's the matter? You ................................ (look) very happy.

7. Don't try to ring the bell. It ................................ (work).

8. I hate telephone answering machines. I just ................................ (like)

9. Matthew is good at basketball. He ................................ (win) every

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features

Write at least 150 words.

The diagrams (1-illustrate) …………………. the way in which cement is

In the first stage of making cement, limestone and clay (6-be)

Regarding the second diagram, concrete (9-consist) ………………………

(187 words, Band 9.0)

1. It (be)………………a fact that smart phone (help)………………..us a lot

2. I often (travel)………………..to some of my favorite destinations every

3. Our Math lesson usually (finish)…………………….at 4.00 p.m.

4. The reason why Susan (not eat)……………………….meat is that she

5. People in Ho Chi Minh City (be)………..very friendly and they (smile)

6. The flight (start)………………..at 6 a.m every Thursday.

7. Peter (not study)…………………………very hard. He never gets high

8. I like oranges and she (like)……………..apples.

10. They (have)…………………breakfast together every morning.

2. Currently, I have been working as a full-time financial advisor in a

3. Honestly speaking, I learnt French only because my mother is forcing

4. Hi! I called to make a reservation at your restaurant at 7 p.m tomorrow.

5. The price of petrol rose dramatically in recent years, posing a

start get increase change rise

2. The world …………………………. Things never stay the same.

3. The situation is already bad and it …………………………… worse.

4. The cost of living …………………………… Every year things are more

5. The weather …………………………… to improve. The rain has

Exercise 3. Chia động từ cho các câu sau đây.

1. My tutor (see) ………………………… me for a tutorial every Monday at

2. My brother (not/study) ………………………… very hard at the moment.

4. In my country, we (drive) ………………………… on the left-hand side

5. My parents (travel) ………………………… around the world this

6. The number of wild butterflies (fall) ………………………… dramatically

7. More people (play) ………………………… sports on a regular basis

8. I have never thought of studying abroad before. I (not/leave)

9. Nowadays, people (use) ………………………… the gym or a climbing

10. The number of web users who shop online (increase)

Exercise 4. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. Look! The car (go) ………………….. so fast.

2. Listen! Someone (cry) ………………….. in the next room.

3.………….. your brother (walk) ………………… a dog over there at

4. Now they (try) ………………….. to pass the examination.

5. It’s 7 o’clock, and my parents (cook) ………………….. dinner in the

6. Be quiet! You (talk) ………………….. so loudly.