Australian Standard: Storage Water Heaters Part 1: General Requirements

AS 1056.
1—1991
(Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
AS 1056.1—1991
Accessed by EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 10 Aug 2016 [AVAILABLE SUPERSEDED] (Document currency not guaranteed when printed)
Australian Standard™
Storage water heaters
Part 1: General requirements

This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee EL-020, Electric Water
Heating Appliances. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards
Australia on 8 February 1991.
This Standard was published on 15 April 1991.
The following are represented on Committee EL-020:
Australian Consumers Association

Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturer’s Association
Australian Gas Association

Confederation of Australian Industry
Electricity Supply Association of Australia
Engineering and Water Supply Department, S.A.
Heat Exchange Water Heater Manufactures Association
Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia
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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR04389.

AS 1056.1—1991
(Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
Australian Standard™
First published as part of AS C316—1957.

AS 1056—1977 revised and redesignated in part as AS 1056.1—
1985.
Second edition 1991.
Reissued incorporating Amendment No.1 (July 1992).
Reissued incorporating Amendment No.2 (December 1995).
Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 3 (August 1996).
Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 4 (January 2000).
Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 5 (September 2005).
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7262 6812 7
AS 1056.1—1991 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Electric Water
Heating Appliances to supersede the 1985 edition (thrice amended), to remove outdated
references, to recognize changes to referenced Standards and Codes, to introduce
requirements for the location of the boosting unit thermostat (see Clause 3.1.5.2), to amend
the requirements for thermostat setting (see Clause 3.2.2), and to make it clear that safety
valves are not lagged during testing (see Appendices B and C).
This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (July 1992), Amendment No. 2 (December
1995), Amendment No. 3 (August 1996), Amendment No. 4 (January 2000) and Amendment
No. 5 (September 2005 ). The changes required by the Amendment are indicated in the text by
a marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, figure or part
thereof affected.
This Standard is one of a series covering storage water heaters as follows:
AS
1056 Storage water heaters
1056.1 Part 1: General requirements (this Standard)
1056.2 Part 2: Specific requirements for water heaters with single shells
1056.3 Part 3: Specific requirements for water heaters with composite shells
1056.4 Part 4 Calculations of energy consumption
A5 The amendment to this Standard includes key changes that will improve the accuracy of the
existing methods of test for MEPS heat loss testing to acceptable levels.
AS/NZS 4692.1 sets out a new test method for MEPS heat loss testing.
This amended Standard will remain current until confidence and experience have been
gained with AS/NZS 4692.1, after which time it will be superseded by AS/NZS 4692.1 and
AS/NZS 4692.2.
The new regulatory Standard AS/NZS 4692.2 will allow testing to either the amended
AS/NZS 1056.1 or AS/NZS 1361, as applicable, or to AS/NZS 4692.1. MEPS levels, as
defined under each test method, are provided in AS/NZS 4692.2. The key elements included
in Amendment 5 are as follows:
• Energy correction at the thermostat cut-out.
• Shielding of the water heater from other objects under test that have a temperature
difference of greater than 5 K.
• Mounting the water heater on a wooden platform when testing. A cement sheet is also
an acceptable mounting.
• 24 h stabilization plus 48 h test period.
• Product specification to be supplied with the test report.
• Frequency of sampling for air and water temperature measurements to be reduced to
an acceptable period (5 min or less).
3 AS 1056.1—1991
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 APPLICATION ........................................................................................................... 4
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 4
1.4 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 5
1.5 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER SPECIFICATIONS .................................................. 9
1.6 RATED HOT-WATER DELIVERY/CAPACITY....................................................... 9
1.7 FACILITIES FOR MAINTENANCE.......................................................................... 9

1.8 CLEANLINESS IN MANUFACTURE..................................................................... 10
SECTION 2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

2.1 FIXING OF HEATING UNITS TO SHELL.............................................................. 11
2.2 SACRIFICIAL ANODES.......................................................................................... 13
2.3 FITTINGS IN CONTACT WITH WATER ............................................................... 13
2.4 THERMAL INSULATION ....................................................................................... 13
2.5 CORSET.................................................................................................................... 14
2.6 CASING .................................................................................................................... 14
2.7 HYDROSTATIC OVERPRESSURE WITHSTAND ................................................ 15
2.8 PRESSURE FATIGUE WITHSTAND (OF AN UNVENTED CONTAINER) ......... 15
2.9 EXTERNAL TORQUE WITHSTAND ..................................................................... 15
SECTION 3 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

3.1 HEATING UNITS..................................................................................................... 16
3.2 THERMOSTATS AND THERMAL CUTOUTS ...................................................... 18
SECTION 4 FEED TANKS AND WATER FITTINGS

4.1 ATTACHED FEED TANK ....................................................................................... 19
4.2 WATER FITTINGS .................................................................................................. 20
4.3 WATER PIPES.......................................................................................................... 20
4.4 DRAINAGE FACILITIES......................................................................................... 20
SECTION 5 MARKING AND INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

5.1 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 21
5.2 INSTRUCTIONS FOR INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE .......................... 21
SECTION 6 DETERMINATION OF COMPLIANCE

6.1 TYPE TESTS ............................................................................................................ 23
6.2 ROUTINE TESTS ..................................................................................................... 23
APPENDICES
A INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH ENQUIRY AND ORDER ................... 25
B METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF HEAT LOSS .................................... 26
C METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF HOT-WATER DELIVERY ............. 30
D TYPICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FOR A WATER HEATER ...................... 33
AS 1056.1—1991 4
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

1.1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies requirements for:
(a) Storage water heaters heated solely by electricity (hereinafter called ‘water heaters’)
having rated hot-water deliveries within the range 25 L to 630 L and having heating
units of the tubular-sheathed immersion type or the bobbin type.
NOTE: Where non-electric supplementary heating, e.g. from a solar collector or a slow
combustion stove, is used, additional requirements may be necessary.
(b) Gas storage water heaters by cross-reference to Code AG 102 published by The
Australian Gas Association and the Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association
(see Clauses 1.3.2 and 1.5.2).
This Standard does not apply to heat-exchange water heaters (see AS 1361).
NOTES:
1 Water heaters having deliveries in excess of 630 L generally have special requirements.
Intending purchasers of such water heaters are advised to include in their specification such
requirements of this Standard as are relevant to their needs.
2 For the installation of household type hot-water systems, see AS 3500.4.
3 Information to be supplied with enquiries and orders for electric water heaters is given in
Appendix A.
1.2 APPLICATION
Electric water heaters shall comply with the relevant requirements of this Standard and with
the requirements of the following Standards, as applicable:
(a) Water heaters with single shells ...............................................................AS 1056.2.
(b) Water heaters with composite shells .........................................................AS 1056.3.
NOTE: A number of electricity supply authorities specify compliance with various performance
and construction requirements of this Standard in order that the water heater be eligible for
supply under certain tariffs.
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

1.3.1 Standards
The following Standards are referred to in this Standard:
AS
1056 Storage water heaters
1056.2 Part 2: Specific requirements for water heaters with single shells
1056.3 Part 3: Specific requirements for water heaters with composite shells
 Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

5 AS 1056.1—1991
AS
1308 Electric water heaters—Thermostats and thermal cutouts
1357 Water valves for use with unvented water heaters
1357.1 Part 1: Protection valves
1357.2 Part 2: Control valves
1361 Automatic electric heat exchange water heaters
1432 Copper tubes for plumbing, gasfitting and drainage applications
1566 Copper and copper alloys—Rolled flat products
1722 Pipe threads of Whitworth form
1722.1 Part 1: Sealing pipe threads
1722.2 Part 2: Fastening pipe threads

1939 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment (IP
Code)
A1,
A2 2345 Dezincification resistance of copper alloys
3142 Approval and Test Specification—Electric water heaters
3161 Approval and Test Specification for thermostats and energy regulators
A2
3498 Authorization requirements for plumbing products—Water heaters and hot-
water storage tanks
3500 National Plumbing and Drainage Code
3500.4 Part 4: Hot water supply systems
A1,
A2 3688 Water supply—Copper and copper alloy compression and capillary fittings and
threaded end connectors
A2 Not Applicable
1.3.2 Industrial code

The following Code is referred to in this Standard:
AG
AG 102 Approval requirements for gas water heaters (published by The Australian Gas
Association and the Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association)
1.4 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the following definitions apply (see also Figure 1.1).
1.4.1 Electric storage water heater (hereinafter referred to as a ‘water heater’)
A water heater which incorporates a thermally insulated water storage container in which
the water is electrically heated and its temperature automatically controlled.
1.4.2 Unvented water heater
A water heater in which no provision is made for a vent permanently open to the
atmosphere.
1.4.3 Vented water heater
A water heater in which provision is made for a vent permanently open to the atmosphere.
www.standards.com.au  Standards Australia

AS 1056.1—1991 6
1.4.4 Displacement water heater

A water heater in which water is fed into the container at or near the bottom, displacing the
hot water as it is drawn off from or near the top.
1.4.4.1 Mains-pressure water heater
A displacement water heater which is unvented and intended to be connected directly to the
water supply so that hot water is available at the supply pressure.
1.4.4.2 Cistern-fed water heater
A displacement water heater which is supplied with water from a separately mounted feed
tank in which the level of the water is automatically maintained.
1.4.4.3 Tank-attached water heater
A displacement water heater with no free water surface and in which the inlet water is
supplied from an attached feed tank.
1.4.4.4 Side-fed water heater
A displacement water heater with a free water surface in which the inlet. water is supplied
from a feed tank attached to the side of the heater, and the hot water is drawn off at an
outlet located below the free water surface.
1.4.4.5 Free-outlet water heater
A displacement water heater with an open outlet from which hot water is discharged by
displacement, the flow of water being controlled by means of a valve or tap in the inlet
water feed pipe.
1.4.5 Falling-level water heater
A non-displacement water heater with a free water surface from which hot water is drawn
off at or near the bottom, the level of the water falling as the hot water is drawn off.
1.4.6 Hot-water delivery
The quantity of hot water that can be drawn off continuously at a specified flow rate and
temperature drop.
1.4.7 Maximum water-supply pressure
The maximum pressure of the water supply to which a water heater (including reduction
valve, if fitted) may be connected.
1.4.8 Maximum head
The maximum working pressure to which a water heater may be subjected as measured at
the lowest point of the water heater.
NOTE: The units of measurement for maximum working pressure are as follows:
(a) For vented water heaters................................................................ metres of water (mH 2 O).
(b) For unvented water heaters .......................................................................kilopascals (kPa).
1.4.9 Heating element
The actual electrical conducting medium which is heated by an electric current.
1.4.10 Heating unit
A heating element together with its insulation and supports and any immediate enclosure
and gasket.
1.4.10.1 Main heating unit
A heating unit intended to heat the entire quantity of water within the water heater.

7 AS 1056.1—1991
1.4.10.2 Boosting unit

A heating unit intended to supply additional heat to that supplied by the main heating unit.
1.4.10.3 Non-simultaneous boosting unit
A heating unit intended to supply additional heat to that supplied by the main heating unit,
but connected so as to prevent it from being energized simultaneously with the main heating
unit.
1.4.10.4 Bobbin heating unit
A heating unit in which the heating element is strung on insulating bobbins and intended for
installation in an element tube in the container.
1.4.10.5 Tubular-sheathed immersion heating unit
A heating unit consisting of a mineral-insulated metal-sheathed (MIMS) element.

1.4.11 Container
The vessel, including fittings, in which the heated water is stored.
1.4.12 Shell
The container excluding all detachable fittings.
1.4.13 Casing
The jacket enclosing the container and its thermal insulation.
1.4.14 Corset
The brace and stays, or restraints, used to support the container, or the fittings of the
container.

AS 1056.1—1991
 Standards Australia
8
NOTE: The figures in brackets refer to the clause numbers of the definitions.
www.standards.com.au
FIGURE 1.1 TYPES OF ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS
9 AS 1056.1—1991
1.4.15 Bonded coating

A coating formulated to be resistant to continuous exposure to 1.4.15.1 Class X coating—a
coating intended for applications where the water temperature does not exceed 70°C.
1.4.15.1 Class Y coating
A coating of lower solubility than Class X, intended to provide greater resistance to
dissolution by water at temperatures up to 70°C or for use at temperatures in excess of
70°C.
1.5 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER SPECIFICATIONS

1.5.1 Electrical safety requirements
In addition to complying with the requirements of this Standard, an electric water heater
shall also comply with AS 3142.
1.5.2 Requirements for gas water heaters
A gas water heater shall comply with Code AG 102.
A1
1.5.3 Requirements of water supply and other regulatory authorities
In addition to complying with the requirements of this Standard, a storage water heater shall
A2 comply with AS 3498 and with the regulations of the relevant authorities.
1.6 RATED HOT-WATER DELIVERY/CAPACITY

1.6.1 Electric water heaters
The rated hot-water delivery of an electric water heater, expressed in litres, shall be one of
the following values:
25 31.5 40 50 63
80 100 125 160 200
250 315 400 500 630
When determined in accordance with Appendix C, the hot-water delivery shall not be less
than the rated value.
1.6.2 Gas water heaters
The capacity of a gas water heater shall be in accordance with Code AG 102.
NOTE: A gas water heater is rated according to total water capacity, not hot-water delivery.
1.7 FACILITIES FOR MAINTENANCE

The design of a water heater shall be such as to facilitate maintenance.
Similar parts of water heaters of the same make, model, and size shall be interchangeable
and, as far as is practicable, shall be manufactured and located so as to be capable of easy
replacement without the necessity for individual fitting or adjustment.
Provision shall be made for heating units, thermostats, and thermal cut-outs to have
adequate clearance from their housing so that they can be withdrawn easily when the water
heater is fixed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. No heating
unit shall interfere with any other heating unit during removal or replacement. Thermostats
and thermal cut-outs shall be capable of being removed without the water being drained.

AS 1056.1—1991 10
1.8 CLEANLINESS IN MANUFACTURE

None of the materials, including residual lubricants, solvents and fluxes, used in the
fabrication of water heaters shall impart to the water traces of compounds in excess of those
recommended by the World Health Organization *
* International Standards for Drinking-Water, WHO, Geneva (Australian Government

Publishing Services, PO Box 84 Canberra, ACT 2600, or at sales offices in capital cities)
11 AS 1056.1—1991
SECT ION 2 CONSTRUCT IO N

R E Q U IRE M E N T S
2.1 FIXING OF HEATING UNITS TO SHELL

Shells of electric water heaters shall provide facilities for fixing heating units as follows:
(a) For tubular-sheathed immersion heating units (see Clause 3.1.2), an aperture and a
sealing face shall be provided either in the form of a raised annular section (see
Figure 2.1) or flush with the outer face of the aperture (see Figure 2.2). Means shall
be provided to fix the heating unit flange (see Figure 3.1) to the shell.
A space shall be provided to facilitate insertion and removal of the heating unit. Only
detachable thermostat assemblies and wiring may encroach within this space.
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE 2.1 APERTURE FOR TUBULAR-SHEATHED HEATING UNIT

(WITH PROTRUDING FITTING)

AS 1056.1—1991 12
FIGURE 2.2 APERTURE FOR TUBULAR-SHEATHED HEATING UNIT

(WITHOUT PROTRUSION)
(b) For bobbin heating units (see Clause 3.1.3), the shell shall be provided with an
internally threaded fitting of nominal size 2 in. in accordance with AS 1722.1 or
AS 1722.2, and an element tube. A fastening pipe thread G2 to AS 1722.2 is preferred
in conjunction with a sealing face and gasket (see Figure 2.3). The element tube shall
be readily withdrawable.
A space shall be provided to facilitate insertion and removal of the heating unit and
element tube. Only detachable thermostat assemblies and wiring shall be permitted
within this space.
FIGURE 2.3 FITTING FOR BOBBIN HEATING UNIT

13 AS 1056.1—1991
2.2 SACRIFICIAL ANODES

2.2.1 Shells lined with vitreous enamel
At least one sacrificial anode shall be provided in composite shells lined with vitreous
enamel. The anodes shall be cored magnesium or other suitable material having a total mass
of not less than 270 g/m2 of container area. The anodes, which shall be replaceable, shall be
in electrical contact with the container, and shall extend to within 100 mm of the nearest
point of each end.
NOTES:
1 In some cases it may be necessary to use a greater mass of anode than that specified above.
2 Attention is drawn to the need to use either a high-potential or a low-potential anode,
depending on the conductivity of the water in the area where the water heater is to be used.
For high conductivity waters, an aluminium alloy anode formulated for use in water heaters
may be suitable.
2.2.2 Shells lined with bonded plastics
A sacrificial anode shall not be provided in composite shells lined with bonded plastics.
2.3 FITTINGS IN CONTACT WITH WATER

Fittings in contact with water shall be galvanically compatible with the shell surface in
contact with water, i.e. for a single shell, the shell material, or for a composite shell, the
protective lining.
Fittings on vitreous enamel lined shells (see AS 1056.3) shall be lined with vitreous enamel
or other suitable non-metallic materials in areas exposed to freely circulating water.
A2
Fittings made from copper alloys and in contact with water shall comply with AS 2345.
2.4 THERMAL INSULATION

Thermal insulation shall be incorporated in a water heater in the following requirements:
(a) The insulation material shall be such that it will not deteriorate in service or become
depressed and leave uninsulated voids during transportation and installation, or cause
corrosion of any part of the water heater with which it is in contact.
(b) The insulation shall be placed and contained so that its efficiency is maintained,
contact with wiring terminations or temperature controls is prevented, and attack by
vermin is deterred.
(c) When tested in accordance with Appendix B, the heat loss of an electric water heater
shall not exceed the appropriate value given in Table 2.1.

AS 1056.1—1991 14
A3 TABLE 2.1
ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS–MAXIMUM HEAT LOSS
1 2 3 4
Maximum heat loss, kW.h/24 h (see Note 1)
Rated hot water
A4 Water heaters without an attached
delivery
feed tank Water heaters with an
Unvented attached feed tank
Vented
L (See Note 2)
25 1.4 1.4 —
31.5 1.5 1.5 —
40 1.6 1.6 —
50 1.7 1.7 —
63 1.9 1.9 —
80 1.47 2.1 —
100 1.61 2.3 2.6
125 1.75 2.5 2.8
160 1.96 2.8 3.1
200 2.17 3.1 3.4
250 2.38 3.4 3.7
315 2.66 3.8 4.1
400 2.87 4.1 4.4
500 3.15 4.5 4.8
630 3.43 4.9 5.2
NOTES:
1 These values apply to water heaters with a single heating unit and may be increased by 0.2 kW.h/24 h for
each additional heating unit.
2 The values in Column 3 may be used instead of the values in Column 2 for unvented water eaters without
an attached feed tank that are manufactured in Australia before 1 October 1999 or imported before
1 October 1999. The values for unvented water heaters without an attached feed tank may be increased by
0.2 kW.h/24 h for each temperature or temperature/pressure relief valve mounted on a hot-water fitting,
but not for any valve mounted on a cold-water fitting.
A5 3 See AS/NZS 4692.2 for details of revised heat loss requirements for various water heater types, to come
into force 1 October 2005.
2.5 CORSET
The corset shall be fabricated of material having corrosion-resistant properties which, under
the conditions of use, are not inferior to those of the casing. Those sections of the corset
coming into contact with the shell shall comply with the requirements of Clause 2.3.
2.6 CASING
The casing shall have mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties which, under the
conditions of use, are not inferior to those of unsupported 0.6 mm zinc-coated steel sheet.
A1 Where the water heater is intended for use in areas exposed to the weather—
(a) the casing shall be weather-resistant and shall prevent entry of water to water-
absorbing or fibrous insulation; and
(b) all electrical components and wiring shall be protected in accordance with
Classification IP34, or better, of AS 1939.

15 AS 1056.1—1991
2.7 HYDROSTATIC OVERPRESSURE WITHSTAND

The container of an electric water heater shall withstand the relevant hydrostatic pressure
tests specified in AS 3142. For a container with a metallic insert (see AS 1056.3), the
sealable openings shall be left open to facilitate the detection of leakage.
The container of a gas water heater shall withstand the hydrostatic pressure tests specified
in Code AG 102.
2.8 PRESSURE FATIGUE WITHSTAND (OF AN UNVENTED CONTAINER)


When tested in accordance with the following procedure, a container that has not been
subjected to hydrostatic overpressure testing (see Clause 2.7) shall neither leak nor exhibit
distortion that would affect operation of the water heater:
(a) Support the container either in the normal manner in its casing, or in an equivalent
manner.
(b) Make provision for the detection of water leakage.
(c) Fill the container with water at the following temperature:
(i) For a container of silicon on bronze (see AS 1056.2) ........................... 80 ±3°C.
(ii) For other containers..........................................................ambient temperature.
(d) For a container with a metallic insert (see AS 1056.3), pressurize to 90% of the
maximum working pressure and close the sealable openings.
(e) Eliminate all air pockets and alternately pressurize the container between 15% and
100 ±5% of the nominal setting of the pressure relief valve.
(f) Apply 250 000 pressure pulsations at between 25 and 60 pulsations per minute. For a
container with a metallic insert, open the sealable openings at the end of each
intermediate 100 000 cycles while maintaining a pressure of at least 90% of the
maximum working pressure and watching for leakage. Close the sealable openings
before reducing the pressure.
The container shall withstand the pressure fatigue tests specified in Code AG 102.
2.9 EXTERNAL TORQUE WITHSTAND

When the container is tested in accordance with the following procedure, neither the
container nor its water fittings shall exhibit any distortion that would affect operation of the
water heater:
(a) For containers for operation at a head exceeding 2 mH2O (19.6 kPa), select a test
container that has been subjected to the hydrostatic overpressure test (see Clause 2.7).
(For lower pressure models, any test container may be selected.)
(b) Being careful to avoid crushing any fitting, apply a torque of 34 N.m to the end of
each water fitting.
For a non-metallic single-shell container (see AS 1056.2), there shall be no movement
between the container and any non-detachable fitting when the water connections are
undone after application of the specified torque.

AS 1056.1—1991 16
SEC T I ON 3 E LECT R I C A L CO M PO N E N T S
3.1 HEATING UNITS

3.1.1 Rating of heating units
The rating of any heating unit, expressed in watts, shall be one of the following values:
1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4800 6000
Where a water heater is fitted with two or more main heating units, these shall be of equal
rating.
Multiple boosting units shall also be of equal rating.
The rating of a boosting unit need not equal the rating of a main heating unit.
3.1.2 Tubular-sheathed immersion heating units
3.1.2.1 General
A tubular-sheathed immersion heating unit shall have a flange so that the heating unit can
be fastened to the container and removed without the use of special tools.
The heating unit shall be capable of being fitted to the container aperture specified in
Clause 2.1.
3.1.2.2 Flange
The flange shall conform to Figure 3.1 and, if necessary, be marked to illustrate correct
element orientation, e.g. ‘UP’.
Where the flange and heating elements are not a single unit, positive means of preventing
rotation of the heating element by more than 10 degrees from its intended orientation shall
be provided.
FIGURE 3.1 HEATING UNIT FLANGE

17 AS 1056.1—1991
3.1.2.3 Gasket
A gasket shall be provided with each heating unit so that the container with heating unit
will comply with the relevant hydrostatic and pressure fatigue tests (see Clauses 2.7 and
2.8).
The gasket shall be capable of withstanding the effects of oxygenated water at a
temperature of 85°C (irrespective of the thermostat setting) for the intended life of the
heating unit.
3.1.2.4 Material of sheath
The material of the sheath shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) For a water heater with a metallic single shell (see AS 1056.2) ... the sheath shall be
galvanically compatible with the shell.

(b) For a water heater with a metallic insert (see AS 1056.3) ... the sheath shall be
galvanically compatible with the insert.
3.1.2.5 Isolation of sheath from shell lined with vitreous enamel
In a shell lined with vitreous enamel, a sheath made of nickel alloy, nickel-plated copper, or
bare copper shall be connected electrically to the flange only by a resistor incorporated to
minimize anode-to-sheath current. A tin-coated copper sheath may be in direct contact with
its flange.
3.1.2.6 Power density
The power density of a heating unit sheathed with copper alloy shall not exceed 120 kW/m 2
of heated surface of the sheath.
Adjacent sections of the sheath shall be prevented from coming into close proximity under
normal conditions of service.
3.1.3 Bobbin heating units
3.1.3.1 Fixing facilities
A bobbin heating unit shall be an easy sliding fit into the element tube (see Figure 2.3).
3.1.3.2 Power density
The power density of a bobbin-type heating unit shall not exceed 60 kW/m 2 of the
cylindrical external bobbin surface, excluding blank areas of bobbins.
3.1.4 Heating unit support
Where a heating unit could damage the container during transportation, the heating unit
shall be supported.
3.1.5 Location of heating unit
3.1.5.1 Falling-level water heaters
The heating unit in a falling-level water heater shall be located so that it remains covered by
water under all conditions of use, including any temporary failure of the water supply.
3.1.5.2 Boosting units in displacement water heaters
A boosting unit shall be located below the level of the temperature/pressure relief valve
sensor. The boosting unit thermostat shall be located so that the volume of water stored
above the centreline of the thermostat sensor shall be not less than 30 L and not more than a
percentage of the rated hot water delivery of the water heater as follows:
A2 (a) For unvented water heaters with a rated hot water delivery of not less than 200 L 20%
(b) For unvented water heaters with a rated hot water delivery of less than 200 L ..... 30%

AS 1056.1—1991 18
A2 (c) For side-fed water heaters .................................................................................. 30%

(d) For vented water heaters that are not side fed ..................................................... 25%
The volume of water may be measured directly in litres or deduced from linear dimensions.
3.2 THERMOSTATS AND THERMAL CUTOUTS

3.2.1 General
Thermostats, including those incorporated in multifunction devices, shall comply with
AS 3161 and AS 1308.
Where a water heater is not fitted with a thermal cutout, the thermostat shall be connected
between the active terminal and the element it controls.
3.2.2 Thermostat setting

The thermostat shall be set at not less than 60°C. Means may be provided for the user to
adjust the water temperature to the maximum value recommended by the manufacturer.
NOTES:
1 Requirements and recommendations for maximum thermostat settings are given in AS 1056.2
and AS 1056.3.
2 Concerning thermostat settings, the following points should be considered:
(a) A lower storage temperature would reduce the heat losses from the container and the
risks of scalding in baths, showers etc. However, a lower storage temperature would
also reduce the thermal energy storage and this could lead the user to run short of hot
water.
(b) Alternatively, the risk of scalding could be reduced by the installation of a controlled-
temperature hot/cold water mixing valve feeding certain outlets, while maintaining a
higher storage temperature.
(c) On the other hand, a high water temperature may be required at the kitchen sink for
hygiene in washing dishes.
(d) A minimum setting of 60°C is specified on the advice of the Department of Health,
N.S.W., that bacteria Legionella pneumophilia do not survive in temperatures above
55°C.
3.2.3 Immersed-probe thermostats
The pockets of immersed-probe thermostats shall be located so as to remain covered by
water under all conditions of use, including temporary failure of the water supply.
3.2.4 Surface-contact thermostats
Surface-contact thermostats shall be located so as to control the water temperature
effectively under all conditions of use, including temporary failure of the water supply.
After 20 cycles of removal and replacement of a thermostat, the means of attachment shall
maintain effective contact between the thermostat and the container.
3.2.5 Thermal cut-out
A thermal cut-out required by AS 3142 shall comply with AS 1308. The method of
attachment of a surface-contact type shall comply with Clause 3.2.4.

19 AS 1056.1—1991
SE C T I O N 4 F EE D T A N K S A N D W A T E R
F I T T I N G S
4.1 ATTACHED FEED TANK

NOTE: For non-attached feed tank (cistern), see AS 3500.4.
4.1.1 General
The feed tank and its associated float-control valve, supported on the water heater in the
normal manner and connected to the cold-water supply, shall be capable of withstanding the
water in the feed tank being maintained at boiling point for 48 h in such a manner that any
consequent distortion or apparent damage will not affect the operation of the tank.
4.1.2 Materials
All metallic parts in contact with water shall be galvanically compatible with the container
and shall be made of materials having corrosion-resistant properties which, under the
conditions of use, are not inferior to those of the materials specified in AS 1056.2. Parts
made of copper alloy shall be resistant to dezincification to the extent specified in
Clause 2.3.
Materials in contact with water shall not be injurious to health.
The feed tank shall be constructed of copper complying with AS 1566 and having a
thickness of not less than 0.5 mm, or of other materials approved for the purpose by the
appropriate regulatory authority.
4.1.3 Design and construction
The design and construction of the feed tank shall comply with the requirements of the
appropriate regulatory authority.
A metal feed tank shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) The tank shall be reinforced along the upper edges.
(b) The tank shall be welded, brazed or soft-soldered at all joints.
(c) Soft-soldered joints shall not depend on the solder for mechanical strength.
(d) Joints shall be of a type suitable for the water conditions for which the tank is
intended.
4.1.4 Delivery
Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, a water heater which is dependent on a feed
tank for operation shall be capable of delivering the following amount of hot water with the
cold-water supply to the feed tank shut off and the water at the marked level:
(a) Water heater up to and including 400 L ............ hot-water delivery not less than 36 L.
(b) Water heater greater than 400 L ....................... hot-water delivery not less than 68 L.
NOTE: Where the cold-water inlet flow rate may be low, the capacity of the feed tank may need
to be greater than the relevant value specified above in order to ensure satisfactory operation of
the water heater.
4.1.5 Water level
The normal working water level shall be clearly and indelibly marked on the inside of the
feed tank.

AS 1056.1—1991 20
4.1.6 Float-control valve

A float-control valve shall comply with the requirements of the appropriate regulatory
authority.
4.1.7 Overflow
The feed tank shall be provided with an overflow so that when the float-control valve is
fully opened, all service outlets are closed, and the water pressure is maintained at 700 kPa,
the following requirements are met:
(a) The vertical clearance between the level of the discharging water and the bottom of
the water inlet shall be not less than 20 mm.
(b) There shall be no spillage from the feed tank.
For cistern-fed and tank-attached water heaters, the overflow shall be located so that there
is no discharge when the full container is heated from cold through 70 K with all service
outlets closed. This requirement will have been complied with if the feed tank will
accommodate without overflow an increase in volume of 3% of the rated hot-water delivery
of the heater above the marked water level.
4.1.8 Cover
The cold-water feed tank shall be fitted with a close-fitting removable cover mechanically
attached and formed so that condensate drains back into the tank.
4.2 WATER FITTINGS

4.2.1 Inside diameter
Water fittings shall be of sufficient inside diameter to ensure that the hotwater flow rate
specified in Appendix C can be obtained, but shall be not less than nominal size 15.
For displacement water heaters, other than the free-outlet type, the inside diameter of the
inlet fitting of the container shall be not less than the inside diameter of the outlet fitting.
4.2.2 Materials
The materials of water fittings shall comply with the requirements of Clause 2.3.
4.2.3 Plumbing connections to water heater
Threads between fittings shall comply with AS 1722.1 or AS 1722.2. Non-ferrous fittings
shall comply with AS 3688. The connections shall be demountable.
4.3 WATER PIPES

Water pipes shall be made of material having corrosion-resistant properties which are not
inferior to those of copper. Copper pipes shall comply with the appropriate requirements of
AS 1432. Other materials shall comply with the appropriate Standards.
All pipes connected to the container shall be designed so that—
(a) the transmission or development of bending moment between the container and the
casing is minimized;
(b) expansion and contraction stresses are not transmitted by them to the container; and
(c) fittings provided to take external connections are fixed so that no damage can be
caused when the connection is made.
4.4 DRAINAGE FACILITIES

Facilities shall be provided for draining the container to a level below the heating unit and
thermostat either as a part of the water heater or as specified in AS 3500.4.

21 AS 1056.1—1991
SECT ION 5 MARK I NG AND I NSTA L L AT I ON

I NS T RU CT I O N S
5.1 MARKING
5.1.1 General
In addition to the marking specified in AS 3142, the following information shall be clearly
and indelibly marked either on the nameplate or on the water heater itself, adjacent to the
nameplate:
(a) The month and year of manufacture, e.g. 11/90 for November 1990.
(b) Description of container, e.g. copper, copper-lined steel, Class X or Class Y vitreous
enamel on steel.
(c) For electric water heaters, the rated hot-water delivery, in litres (see Clause 1.6).
(d) For gas water heaters, the nominal storage capacity.
A5
(e) Recommended maximum thermostat setting in degrees Celsius (see Clause 3.2.2).
NOTE: Manufacturers making a statement of compliance with this Australian Standard on a
product, or on packaging or promotional material related to that product, are advised to ensure
that such compliance is capable of being verified. Independent certification is available from
Standards Australia under the StandardsMark Product Certification Scheme. The StandardsMark,
shown below, is a registered certification trade mark owned by Standards Australia and granted
under licence to manufacturers whose products comply with the requirements of suitable
Australian Standards and who operate sound quality assurance programs to ensure consistent
product quality. Further information on product certification and the suitability of this Standard
for certification is available from Standards Australia’s Quality Assurance Services, 1 The
Crescent, Homebush, N.S.W. 2140.
5.1.2 Boosting unit
The electrical circuit of a boosting unit (in a displacement water heater), if provided, shall
be clearly identified.
5.2 INSTRUCTIONS FOR INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

The following instructions for installation and maintenance shall be supplied with each
water heater:
(a) A diagram and clear instructions in the English language giving details of the
methods of connection and installation including the following:
(i) A statement to the effect that the water heater shall be installed in accordance
with the requirements of AS 3500.4 and the requirements of the appropriate
regulatory authority.
(ii) An outline of the practices which should be followed to provide for the draining
of the container, the expansion of water during heating, and the relief of partial
vacuum.
(iii) A statement of the necessity for providing a properly drained safe-tray under
heaters or feed tanks located where the overflow may cause damage.
(iv) A statement (where applicable) that the water heater has a container of non-
metallic material and that the method of fixing the fittings to the casing must
not be interfered with, nor should excessive strain be applied to these fittings
when the external connections are made.

AS 1056.1—1991 22
(b) The procedure to be followed to place the water heater in service and to ensure that it
is adequately filled with water.
(c) Details of proper exercising of the temperature/pressure relief valve, if any.
(d) Details of anode replacement, if applicable.
(e) Details of draining procedure to remove sludge, where applicable.
(f) Details concerning the quality of the water supply for which the water heater is
suitable, if applicable.
(g) If the water heater is fitted with an anode, a warning statement along the following
lines: ‘If the hot-water system is not used for two weeks or more, a quantity of
hydrogen gas which is highly flammable may accumulate in the water heater. To
dissipate this gas safely, it is recommended that a hot tap be turned on for several
minutes at a sink, basin, or bath, but not at a dishwasher, clothes washer or other
appliance. During this procedure there must be no smoking, open flame or any
electrical appliance operating nearby. If hydrogen is discharged through the tap, it
will probably make a sound as of air escaping.’

23 AS 1056.1—1991
SECT ION 6 DETERM I NAT I ON OF

COMP L I ANC E
6.1 TYPE TESTS

6.1.1 General
Compliance with this Standard shall be determined by means of type tests as specified in
Table 6.1, Column 3.
NOTES:
1 A water heater that is to be type tested should be fully identified in accordance with the
format suggested in Appendix D.

2 In the case of an unvented water heater, two units are required for type testing because of the
restriction in Clause 2.8.
6.1.2 Product documentation
A product specification of the unit tested shall be supplied with documentation on type or
routine tests.
NOTE: See Appendix D for guidelines for written product specifications.
6.2 ROUTINE TESTS

A recommended schedule for routine testing is given in Table 6.1, Column 4.
NOTE: Testing in accordance with Clauses 2.7 and 2.8 should be checked regularly and not less
than once a year.
TABLE 6.1
COMPLIANCE TEST SCHEDULE
1 2 3 4
Characteristics Clause Type test Routine test
Compliance with AS 3142 1.5.1 X —
Compliance with other requirements 1.5.2, 1.5.3 X —
Hot-water delivery 1.6 X —
Facilities for maintenance 1.7 X —
Cleanliness in manufacture 1.8 X X
Fixing of heating units 2.1 X —
Sacrificial anode 2.2 X —
Fittings in contact with water 2.3 X —
Thermal insulation 2.4 X —
Corset 2.5 X —
Casing 2.6 X —
Hydrostatic overpressure withstand 2.7 X See Note to
Pressure fatigue withstand 2.8 X Clause 6.2
External torque withstand 2.9 X —
Rating of heating units 3.1.1 X X
Tubular-sheathed immersion units 3.1.2 X —
Bobbin heating unit 3.1.3 X —
(continued)

AS 1056.1—1991 24
TABLE 6.1 (continued)
1 2 3 4
Characteristics Clause Type test Routine test
Heating unit support 3.1.4 X —
Location of heating unit 3.1.5 X —
Thermostats
—compliance and connection 3.2.1 X —
—setting and attachment 3.2.2 to 3.2.4 X —
Thermal cutout 3.2.5 X —
Attached feed tank
—thermal withstand 4.1.1 X —
—material 4.1.2 X —
—design and construction 4.1.3 X —

—water delivery 4.1.4 X —
—marking of water level 4.1.5 X —
—overflow provision 4.1.6 X —
—cover 4.1.7 X —
Water fittings
—bore 4.2.1 X —
—materials 4.2.2 X —
—joining 4.2.3 X —
Water pipes 4.3 X —
Drainage facilities 4.4 X —
Markings 5.1 X —
Installation instructions 5.2 X —

25 AS 1056.1—1991
APPENDIX A
INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH ENQUIRY AND ORDER
(Informative)
Intending purchasers of water heaters should supply the following information with
enquiries and orders:
(a) Type of water heater (see Figure 1.1) and/or the intended location, as follows:
(i) Inside house or other weatherproof enclosure.
(ii) In roof space.
(iii) Outside house.

(b) Rated hot-water delivery (see Clause 1.6).
(c) Whether an adjustable-temperature thermostat is required.
(d) Material of container (see AS 1056.2 and AS 1056.3).
(e) Wattage loading of heating units (see Clause 3.1.1).
(f) Any special constructional requirements, e.g. capacity of any feed tank (see
Clause 4.1).
(g) The maximum water supply pressure to which the heater will be connected.
(h) Water quality, or intended geographic location of installation.

AS 1056.1—1991 26
APPENDIX B
METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF HEAT LOSS
(Normative)
B1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out the method for determining the heat loss of a water heater.
B2 PRINCIPLE
A5
The water heater is operated at a fixed thermostat setting for not less than 48 h in isolation
from all plumbing connections and without hot water being drawn off. The heat loss is
equal to the measured energy input, corrected to specified conditions of temperature and
time, and is expressed in kilowatt hours per 24 h.
B3 TEST APPARATUS
A single temperature-sensing device, located as near as is practicable to the centre of
gravity of the stored water in the container, shall be used to measure temperature. The
method of installation shall be such that it will not cause an increase in heat loss.
B4 TEST CONDITIONS
A5
B4.1 Set-up
The inlet and outlet fittings, control valves and test plugs shall be lagged with hair-felt of
12.5 mm thickness or with other materials that will give the same thermal insulation. No
temperature or pressure relief valve shall be lagged.
A5 The water heater shall be mounted on a platform of compressed fibre, cement or

particleboard, medium density fibreboard, plywood or equivalent timber of 20 mm to
30 mm thickness, with the top of the platform not less than 300 mm above the floor. The
underside of the platform shall be predominantly open to allow circulation of air.
Where the temperature difference between any test room equipment and the test room
ambient temperature is greater than 5 K, the appliance under test shall be shielded against
direct radiation from the relevant equipment. The water heater shall be shielded from
radiation from any other water heaters under test that are closer than 6 m.
NOTE: Radiation from fluorescent lamps may generally be ignored.
B4.2 Air temperature
The air temperature of the test room throughout the test shall be maintained at 20 ±3°C. The
temperature-sensitive element of the device used for measuring the air temperature shall be
in good thermal contact with a body having a mass that will ensure a total water equivalent
of 10 g to 20 g. It shall be located approximately 1 m from the floor and not less than 1.5 m
from the water heater.
A5 The average air temperature for any specified test shall be the average of the recorded
readings taken at equal intervals of 5 min or less during the test period.
B4.3 Air circulation
The air circulation in the test room shall ensure a reasonably uniform temperature
distribution without causing any direct draught upon the water heater in excess of 0.5 m/s.

27 AS 1056.1—1991
B4.4 Thermostat setting

The thermostat or temperature-regulating device shall be set to maintain an average hot-
water temperature throughout the test as given in Equation B1, with a tolerance of ±3°C:
TW = TA + T − 20 . . . B1
where
T w = average hot-water temperature, in degrees Celsius
T A = average air temperature, in degrees Celsius
T = manufacturer’s recommended maximum thermostat setting (see
A5 Clause 5.1.1(e)) in degrees Celsius, or 75°C, whichever is the greater.
If the thermostat cannot maintain the temperature specified above, a suitably calibrated
control shall be used.
B4.5 Test voltage
The voltage throughout the tests shall be maintained at the voltage specified on the
nameplate ±2.5 percent.
B4.6 Energization of heating units
The main heating unit only shall be connected to the electricity supply.
B5 PROCEDURE
The procedure shall be as follows:
(a) Add cold water to the container via the feed tank, if any, to the normal operating level
or until full, as appropriate, and plug the water inlet.
(b) Energize the water heater and allow the temperature to stabilize for not less than 24 h
from the first opening of the thermostat, while, in an unvented container, allowing
expansion water to discharge through its relief valve.
(c) Isolate the water heater from the pipeline system as follows:
(i) Disconnect the cold water at the feed tank, if attached to the water heater, or at
the water heater itself.
(ii) Except for free-outlet water heaters, disconnect the hot-water reticulation at the
water heater outlet.
(iii) Disconnect the drain system from each relief valve at the outlet of the valve.
A5
(d) Commence measurements when the thermostat cuts out and continue until the first
cutout after 48 h has elapsed.
(e) Measure the following parameters.
A5 (i) The hot-water temperature at intervals not exceeding 5 min.

(ii) The air temperature of the test room at intervals of 5 min.
(iii) The test duration.
(iv) The energy consumed during the test period.
A5 (v) The hot water temperature at the thermostat cut-out at the beginning and end of
the test period when averaged for a period of 5 min, commencing 3 min after
the thermostat has cut out.

AS 1056.1—1991 28
A5 B6 CALCULATIONS
Calculate the heat loss, in kilowatt hours per 24 h, from the following equations:
24 × (T − 20 )(El in − E 2 + E1 )
H= . . . B2(1)
t × (TW − TA )
The energy in the container (in kilowatt hours) at a thermostat cut-out is given by the
following equation:
V × TH x
Ex = . . . B2(2)
860
where
H = heat loss, in kilowatt hours per 24 h

T = manufacturer’s recommended maximum thermostat setting in degrees Celsius,
or 75°C, whichever is the greater
El in = electrical energy (in kilowatt hours) consumed over the test period (t)
E 1 = the thermal energy in the container (in kilowatt hours) (relative to a
temperature of 0°C) at the first thermostat cut-out temperature (T 1) at the start
of the test period (t), given by Equation B2(1)
E 2 = the thermal energy in the container (in kilowatt hours) (relative to a
temperature of 0°C) at the last thermostat cut-out temperature(T2) at the end
of the test period (t) given by Equation B2(1)
t = duration of test, in hours
T W = average hot-water temperature, in degrees Celsius
T A = average air temperature, in degrees Celsius
T Hx the temperature of the hot-water probe at the thermostat cut-out, in degrees
Centigrade
V = the static capacity of the storage water heater and any associated internal heat
exchangers filled with water during the test, in litres
x = l for the thermostat cut-out at the beginning of the test and 2 for thermostat
cut-out at the end of the test
B7 REPORT
The following shall be reported:
(a) Whether a feed tank is attached to the water heater.
(b) The number of temperature or temperature/pressure relief valves mounted on hot-
water fittings.
(c) The number of heating units.
(d) The heat loss, H.
A5
(e) Product specification of the unit tested.

29 AS 1056.1—1991
A5 B8 EXAMPLES
Example:
An unvented displacement storage water heater with a hot delivery of 250 L is tested for
heat loss. The manufacturer’s recommended maximum thermostat setting is 65°C. The
static capacity of the tank is 275 L.
Test results:
Measured air: TA = 22.0°C (averaged at 5 min intervals)
Measured water: TW = 74.1°C (averaged at 5 min intervals)
(Check): TW − TA = 52.1°C (which complies with Paragraph B4.4)
Test period: t = 52.53 h

Energy consumed: El in = 4.732 kWh
Hot water target: T = 75°C (not 65°C—see Paragraph B6)
Ambient air target: 20°C
Hot water initial: T1 = 73.8°C
Hot water final: T2 = 74.5°C
Calculations: Determine E from Equation B2(1), as follows:
275 × 73.8
E1 = . . . B8(1)
860
= 23.599 kWh
275 × 74.5
E2 . . . B8(2)
860
= 23.823 kWh
E = El in − E 2 + E 1 = 4.732 − 23.823 + 23.599 = 4.508 kWh
Calculations: Determine H from Equation B2, as follows:
24 × (T − 20 )(El in − E 2 + E1 )
H=
t × (TW − TA )
24 × (75 − 20) × 4.508

=
52.53 × (74.1 − 22.0)
= 2.186 kWh
NOTE: This value is less than the relevant value (2.38 kWh/24h) specified in
Table 2.1, Column 2, so it meets the MEPS requirements that have been mandatory
since 1 October 1999.

AS 1056.1—1991 30
APPENDIX C
METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF HOT-WATER DELIVERY
(Normative)
C1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out the method for determining the hot-water delivery of a water heater.
C2 PRINCIPLE
The hot-water delivery is measured at a specified flow rate until the outlet water
temperature drops by a specified amount.
C3 TEST APPARATUS
The temperature of the water being drawn off shall be measured by means of a
thermocouple held in the path of the out-flowing water at the outlet of the water heater in
the manner illustrated in Figure C1.
FIGURE C1 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
C4 TEST CONDITIONS
C4.1 General
General test conditions shall be as specified in Paragraph B4 of Appendix B except as
varied herein.
C4.2 Installation of water heater
The water heater shall be set up and connected for the tests in accordance with the diagram
and instructions supplied by the manufacturer. Where alternative methods of connection are
recommended by the manufacturer, one of these methods may be used at the discretion of
the testing authority. All control valves, non-return valves, pressure-reducing and relief
valves, and any other devices normally fitted in the cold-water supply to the water heater or
to the feed tank shall be connected during the test. Any adjustable device for restricting the
flow shall be opened to its maximum position.

31 AS 1056.1—1991
C4.3 Insulation of fittings

The following fittings shall be lagged with hair-felt of 12.5 mm thickness or with other
material that will give the same thermal insulation:
(a) Fittings attached to the outlet.
(b) Exposed vent pipes of cistern-fed water heaters.
(c) The cold-water pipe from the cistern to a cistern-fed water heater.
No temperature or pressure relief valve shall be lagged.
C4.4 Cold-water supply
For water heaters other than cistern-fed water heaters, the cold-water pressure at the inlet to
the float control valve, pressure-reducing valve, or heater connected directly to the cold-
water supply shall be maintained during the tests at 280 ±20 kPa.
For this test, an adjustable orifice or cock to control the flow rate may be fitted in the hot-
water outlet or, for free-outlet water heaters, in the cold-water inlet.
C4.5 Draw-off facilities
C4.5.1 Cistern-fed water heaters
Cistern-fed water heaters shall be set so that the base of the cistern is—
(a) for water heaters operating at a head not exceeding 2 mH2 O—250 mm above the hot-
water outlet; or
(b) for water heaters operating at a head exceeding 2 mH2 O—1 m above the hot-water
outlet.
The hot-water outlet at the test point shall be placed so that the vertical distance between
the normal static level of cold water in the cistern and the hot-water outlet at the test point
is—
(i) for water heaters operating at a head not exceeding 2 mH2 O—1 m plus the friction
head of the flow gauge; or
(ii) for water heaters operating at a head exceeding 2 mH2 O—2 m plus the friction head
of the flow gauge.
The bore diameter of the pipe connecting the feed tank to the water heater shall be not less
than that of the inlet connection on the heater.
C4.5.2 Free-outlet water heaters
For a free-outlet water heater provided with the manufacturer’s standard outlet spout, the
test shall be conducted with the outlet spout in position and the flow shall be measured at
the discharge end of the outlet spout.
C4.5.3 Other than cistern-fed and free-outlet water heaters
The test shall be made with a control valve, fittings and pipes having a clear bore diameter
not less than that of the outlet of the water heater, and arranged to discharge at a point 1 m
plus the friction head of the flow gauge below the outlet.
C4.6 Thermostat setting
The thermostat or temperature-regulating device shall be adjusted to maintain an average
difference in temperature between that of the hot water (under stabilized conditions) and
that of the incoming cold water of 55 ±3°C.
If the thermostat cannot maintain the above-specified temperature, a suitably calibrated
control shall be used.

AS 1056.1—1991 32
C4.7 Energization of heating units

All heating units shall be energized as in normal operation.
C5 PROCEDURE
The procedure shall be as follows:
(a) Add cold water to the container via the feed tank, if any, to the normal operating level
or until full, as appropriate.
A5
(b) Energize the water heater and allow the temperature to stabilize for not less than 24 h
from the first opening of the thermostat, while allowing the water in an unvented
container to expand and discharge through the relief valve.
NOTE: The above steps may be eliminated where this test immediately follows a heat loss
test as specified in Appendix B and the temperature difference between the delivered hot
water and the incoming cold water is within the limits specified in Paragraph C4.6.
(c) For a falling-level water heater, close the cold-water inlet before draw-off
commences.
(d) Commence drawing off hot water between 20 min and 30 min after the last cutout of
the thermostat during the stabilizing period, the heating units, including any boosting
unit, being unenergized.
(e) Draw off hot water at a flow rate within the limits specified in Table C1, as
appropriate, and, for other than free-outlet water heaters, in a steady manner without
air being drawn into the hot-water outlet pipe.
TABLE C1
HOT-WATER TEST FLOW RATE
Rated hot-water delivery Flow rate
L L/min
25 to 125 9 to 10
160 to 400 12 to 13
500 15 to 17
630 15 to 17
A5
(f) Measure the temperature of the water being drawn off at intervals of 0.1 L.
(g) Deduce from Step (f) the quantity of water in litres that can be drawn off
continuously at the flow rate specified before the outlet water measures more than
12°C below the temperature measured at the end of the first 5 L drawn off.
C6 REPORT
The quantity of water delivered, in litres, as measured in Paragraph C5(g) shall be reported.

33 AS 1056.1—1991
APPENDIX D
TYPICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FOR A WATER HEATER
(Informative)
Model number:
Manufactured by:
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND RATING:
Type of water heater, model
variation, optional extras, etc:

Markings (Description and rating
plate details):
Hot-water delivery: ....... L
Relief valve setting: . . . . . . . kPa
Maximum supply pressure: . . . . . . . kPa
Pressure-reducing valve setting
. . . . . . . kPa
(where applicable):
Maximum head (cistern-fed water
heater): . . . . . . . mm
Maximum input: . . . . . . . Kw
Overall dimensions: . . . . . . . mm
(Supply a drawing showing
relationship of fittings,
cable entry, feed tank and
marked water level, if
applicable.)
A5
Mass of heater (empty) . . . . . . . kg and mass of heater (full) . . . . . . . kg
CONTAINER CONSTRUCTION
Type:
Single shell or composite shell (State which.)
Maximum working pressure: . . . . . . . kPa
Internal diameter: . . . . . . . mm
Overall length: . . . . . . . mm (Mark on drawings.)
Ends:
Material specifications: (Grade)
Nominal thickness: . . . . . . . mm
Main spherical radius: . . . . . . . mm
Corner (heel) radius: . . . . . . . mm
Concave or convex to pressure: (State which.)
Pressed or spun (State which.)

AS 1056.1—1991 34
Walls:
Material specification: (Grade)
Internal diameter: . . . . . . . mm
Overall length: . . . . . . . mm (Mark on drawing.)
Circumferential joints: (Method and type of joint)
Longitudinal joint: (Type of joint)
Linings:
Copper or copper alloy:
Material specification: (Grade)

Nominal thickness ends: . . . . . . . mm
Pressed or spun (State which.)
Nominal thickness walls: . . . . . . . mm
Joints:
(Supply details of circumferential
and longitudinal joints, with
description of type of joint and
method of welding, brazing, etc.)
Vitreous enamel:
Frit: (Supplier and specification)
Plastics lining:
Material: (Specification, supplier and grade)
Fittings:
(Description, including material, thread detail and
Attached and detachable:
method of attachment to container)
Casing:
Ends:
Material specifications: (Type and grade)
Walls:
Material specifications: (Type and grade)
(Longitudinal and circumferential, whether rivets,
Joint details:
screws or other)
Feed tank:
Material: (Type and grade)
Dimensions: . . . . . . . mm
Control valve: (Type and whether approved by water authority)

35 AS 1056.1—1991
Supplier’s name:
Model number:
Length of arm: . . . . . . . mm
THERMAL INSULATION:
Walls:
Supplier’s name:
Material specification: (Type and grade)
Thickness: . . . . . . . mm
Mass: . . . . . . . kg
Base:
Top:
ELECTRICAL:
Wiring: (Supply schematic diagram and
indicate conductor cross-sectional
area, stranding, insulation
material, and temperature rating
of cables.)
Cable entry: (Location)
Type and dimensions of conduit
(Make and number of terminals)
termination:
Terminal block:
Thermostat:
Supplier’s name:
Model number:
(Supply approval number or
Approval to AS 3161:
photocopy of certificate.)
Whether tested to AS 1308: (Supply test certificate number or
(Fixed setting and range, if
Nominal temperature setting:
adjustable)
Manufacture’s recommended
maximum setting
A5 (see Clause 5.1.1(e)):
Mounting details:
Thermal cut-out:
Supplier’s name:
Model number:

AS 1056.1—1991 36
(Supply test certificate number or

Whether tested to AS 1308:
Mounting details
Main heating unit/Boosting unit:
Maximum rating: . . . . . . . kW
Supplier’s name:
Type of unit: (Bobbin or tubular)
Method of fixing to container:
Sheath material:
Series resistor (if applicable): ....... Ω
Power density: . . . . . . . kW/m 2

Heating unit gaskets:
Material specification: (Supply also sketch of section.)
Manufacturer’s identification:
VALVES AND FITTINGS:
(State whether temperature relief
Relief valves: and pressure relief valves are
separate or combined.)
Supplier’s name:
Model numbers:
(Supply approval numbers or
photocopies of certificates.)
Fitting details: . . . . . . . mm (Inlet and outlet)
Markings:
mm (Dimension from
Position of valves on container: .......
the top)
Pressure-reducing valve:
Supplier’s name:
Model number:
Fitting details: . . . . . . . mm (Inlet and outlet)
Markings:
mm (Dimensions from
Position of valve on container: .......
the top)
SACRIFICIAL ANODE:
Supplier’s name:
Rod:
Complete assembly:
Chemical analysis: (Percentage of elements)
Length of anodic material: . . . . . . . mm

37 AS 1056.1—1991
Diameter of anodic material: . . . . . . . mm

Mass of anodic material: . . . . . . . kg
Mass of non-anodic material: . . . . . . . kg

AS 1056.1—1991
AMENDMENT CONTROL SHEET
AS 1056.1—1991
Amendment No. 1 (1992)
REVISED TEXT
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to Clauses 1.3.1, 1.5.3 and 2.6.
Published on 13 July 1992
REVISED TEXT
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to Clauses 1.3.1, 1.5.3, 2.3 and 3.1.5.2.
Published on 5 December 1995.
REVISED TEXT
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to Table 2.1.
Published on 5 August 1996.
CORRECTION
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to Table 2.1.
REVISED TEXT
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to the Preface, Clause 6.1, Appendices B, C and D, and Table 2.1.
Standards Australia
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most of the voluntary technical and commercial standards used in Australia. These standards are
developed through an open process of consultation and consensus, in which all interested parties are
invited to participate. Through a Memorandum of Understanding with the Commonwealth government,
Standards Australia is recognized as Australia’s peak national standards body. For further information
on Standards Australia visit us at
www.standards.org.au
Australian Standards
Australian Standards are prepared by committees of experts from industry, governments, consumers
and other relevant sectors. The requirements or recommendations contained in published Standards are
a consensus of the views of representative interests and also take account of comments received from
other sources. They reflect the latest scientific and industry experience. Australian Standards are kept
under continuous review after publication and are updated regularly to take account of changing
technology.
International Involvement
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formulation of international Standards and that the latest international experience is incorporated in
national Standards. This role is vital in assisting local industry to compete in international markets.
Standards Australia represents Australia at both ISO (The International Organization
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Electronic Standards
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www.standards.com.au
GPO Box 476 Sydney NSW 2001

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Australian Standard: Storage Water Heaters Part 1: General Requirements

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AS 1056.

Storage water heaters

Part 1: General requirements

The following are represented on Committee EL-020:

Australian Consumers Association

Australian Gas Association

Keeping Standards up-to-date

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR04389.

Storage water heaters

Part 1: General requirements

First published as part of AS C316—1957.

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.7 FACILITIES FOR MAINTENANCE.......................................................................... 9

SECTION 2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

SECTION 3 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

SECTION 4 FEED TANKS AND WATER FITTINGS

SECTION 5 MARKING AND INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

SECTION 6 DETERMINATION OF COMPLIANCE

Part 1: General requirements

SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

 Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

1722.2 Part 2: Fastening pipe threads

1.3.2 Industrial code

www.standards.com.au  Standards Australia

1.4.4 Displacement water heater

 Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

1.4.10.2 Boosting unit

A heating unit consisting of a mineral-insulated metal-sheathed (MIMS) element.

www.standards.com.au  Standards Australia

1.4.15 Bonded coating

1.5 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER SPECIFICATIONS

1.6 RATED HOT-WATER DELIVERY/CAPACITY

1.7 FACILITIES FOR MAINTENANCE

www.standards.com.au  Standards Australia

1.8 CLEANLINESS IN MANUFACTURE

* International Standards for Drinking-Water, WHO, Geneva (Australian Government

SECT ION 2 CONSTRUCT IO N

2.1 FIXING OF HEATING UNITS TO SHELL

FIGURE 2.1 APERTURE FOR TUBULAR-SHEATHED HEATING UNIT

www.standards.com.au  Standards Australia

FIGURE 2.2 APERTURE FOR TUBULAR-SHEATHED HEATING UNIT

FIGURE 2.3 FITTING FOR BOBBIN HEATING UNIT

 Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

2.2 SACRIFICIAL ANODES

2.3 FITTINGS IN CONTACT WITH WATER

2.4 THERMAL INSULATION

www.standards.com.au  Standards Australia

 Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

2.7 HYDROSTATIC OVERPRESSURE WITHSTAND

2.8 PRESSURE FATIGUE WITHSTAND (OF AN UNVENTED CONTAINER)

2.8.1 Electric water heaters

2.9 EXTERNAL TORQUE WITHSTAND

www.standards.com.au  Standards Australia

3.1 HEATING UNITS

FIGURE 3.1 HEATING UNIT FLANGE

 Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

galvanically compatible with the shell.

www.standards.com.au  Standards Australia

A2 (c) For side-fed water heaters .................................................................................. 30%

3.2 THERMOSTATS AND THERMAL CUTOUTS

3.2.2 Thermostat setting

 Standards Australia www.standards.com.au