«Standard Test Method for Octane Number of Gasoline.

Properties of Gasoline.»

Rakhmanov Sardarbek(20B010270)
Erkenzhe Myrzabaiuly(20B010449)
Narmaganbet Beknur(20B010432)\
 Introduction
Octane number is a measure of the knocking characteristics of a fuel in a laboratory gasoline
engine. It is determined by measuring its knocking value compared to the knocking of a mixture
of n-heptane and isooctane or 2-2-4-trimethylpentane.
Octane number of 0 is assigned to pure heptane.
Octane number of 100 to 2-2-4-trimethylpentane.
Octane number of 70 is a mixture of 30% heptane and 70% isooctane.

There are two specific octane numbers in use. The motor octane number (MON) reflects the
engine performance at highway conditions with high speeds (900 rpm), while the research
octane number (RON) corresponds to the low-speed city driving (600 rpm). RON is typically
higher than MON because of engine test efficiencies. The posted octane number is an average
of MON and RON.

For diesel fuel cetane number is used. It represents the percentage of pure cetane (n-
hexadecane) in a blend of cetane and alpha methyl-naphthalene that matches the ignition quality
of a diesel fuel sample.

The cetane index is a number calculated from the average boiling point and gravity of a
petroleum fraction in the diesel fuel boiling range, which estimates the cetane number of the
fraction according to
ASTM D976.

Knocking (also called detonation) in spark-ignition internal combustion engines occurs when
combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not start off correctly in response to
ignition by the spark plug, but one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the
envelope of the normal combustion front.

The sensitivity of the performance of the fuel to the two types of driving conditions is the
difference between RON and MON. Low sensitivity of fuel.

Aim of the work

To perform the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine

fuel in terms of Motor and Research octane number,  

to study characteristic properties of gasoline

Reagents and Materials

Sample of gasoline , Octane meter , Water , Phenolphthalein , Methyl orange , Graduated
tubes Graduated cylinder ,Separatory funnel.
Procedure
Fill the cylinder of octane meter up to the mark, close the cylinder and turn on the octane
meter. On the screen of the octane meter research octane number will appear. Push on the
“On” button again to see the motor octane number.
Studying the characteristic properties of gasoline
1. Observe, if the gasoline sample contains mechanical impurities;
2. Measure the density of gasoline by areometer (at given temperature);
3. Mix 10 ml of gasoline with 10 ml of water, and separate water from gasoline by separating
funnel.
Divide obtained water into two test tubes:
add to the first one 1-2 drops of
phenolphthalein to the second one 1-2
drops of methyl orange. Observe if the gasoline contains
soluble acids or bases.

Results

RON = 96
MON = 86,5 gasoline sample is clear, yellow liquid
Density = From experiment #3
Color of methyl orange – orange
Color of phenolphthalein – colorless

Posted octane number (PON) = (RON + MON)/2 = (96+86,5)/2 = 91,25

Sensitivity of the fuel = (RON – MON) = 96 – 86,5 = 9,5

1. Fill the table the properties of gasoline

Properties Gasoline

Density 0,712 kg/m3

Impurities Clear, yellow liquid

Acids (color of methyl orange)

Bases (color of phenolphthalein) +

1. Difference between octane and cetane number?

Octane number gives an idea about the performance of a fuel whereas cetane number gives an idea
about the ignition of a fuel.

2. What are the main properties of gasoline, that show its quality?
The important qualities for gasoline are octane number, volatility, vapor pressure

Conclusion: In the first part we measured the RON and MON by octanemeter. And found the octane
number also found sensitivity by using formulas. In the second part using the water and gasoline, we
mixed them and separated the water, divide into two vials and add phenolphthalein to the first and
methyl orange to the second. The added phenolphthalein hasnt changed color and remains colorless, this
means we have acid. The added methyl orange also remained orange.