DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
-The Human Digestive system includes the Digestive tract and its accessory organs
which process food into molecules that can be absorbed and utilize by cells of body.
-the major function of the Digestive System is to digest or break foods that are taken
into the body.
-the digestive system are important for digesting food and liquids.These includes the
mouth,pharynx(throat),esophagus,stomach,small intestine,large intestine,rectum and
anus.
Table 1: Function of the Digestive System Organs
ORGANS MAJOR FUNCTION PHYSICAL
DESCRIPTION
Ingest food Mouth is an
MOUTH Chews and mixed food oval-sahped
Moves food into cavity inside the
pharynx skull
-Mastication
(TEETH)
(cutting,mixing,and
grindling food) to allow
the tongue to shape it
into a bolus that can be
swallowed.
Produced saliva and Salivary glands
empty it into your mouth that one
SALIVARY through ducts or a small positioned in
GLANDS openings the head,and
around the
cavity anf
-SALIVA is made of secrete their
99% water.The calivary
remaining 1% of saliva contents into
contains digestive the grounds.
enzymes,uric
acid,electrolytes,mucus-
forming proteins and
cholesterol.
It carries air,food and Pharynx is a
fluid down from the hollow tube.
PHARYNX nose and mouth.
Usually called
throat
Transfort food entering A muscular tube
the mouth through the connecting the
ESOPHAGUS throat and into the pharynx(throat)
stomach. with stomach.
Holds the food and Stomach is a J-
mixes it with acid and shaped organ
STOMACH enzymes that continue that digest food.
to break the food down
into liquid or paste.
Small intestine
It helps the furthere is a long tube
SMALL digest food coming from like organ that
INTESTINE the stomach. connects the
stomach and
large intestine.
Is to absorb waterand The
LARGE salts from material long,tube-
INTESTINE that has not been like organ
digestive as food and that is
get rid of any waste connected
product left over. to the
small
intestine at
one end
and the
anus at
the other.
Is to received stool from the Is the straight,8-
RECTUM colon,let you know that inch chamber that
there is a tool to be connects the colon
evacuated (pooped out) to the anus.
and the stool until
evacuations happen.
Last part of
Digestive System
ANUS
DIGESTIVE PROCESS
The process of digestion include six activities;
Ingestion – refers to the entry of food into the aliment canal through the mouth.
Propulsion – refers to the movement of food throughthe digestive tract.
Mechanical digestion – purely physical process that does not change the chemical.
Chemical digestion – starting in the mouth,digest secretion,breakdown complex food
molecules into their chemical building blocks.
Absorption – the simple molecules that results from chemical digestion pass through cell
membranes of lining in the small intestine into the blood.
Defecation – the final step in digestion,undigested materials are moved from thr body as
faces.
LIST OF DIGESTIVE JUICES
Amylaze – an enzyme,or special protein,that helps you digest caebohydrates.
Pepsin – an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
Lipase – an enzyme the body uses to break down fats in food so they can be absorbed in
the intestines.
Hydrochloric Acis – breaks down the food and the Digestive enzymes split up the proteins.
Sucrase - catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to its subunits fructose and glucose.
Fuctores – the digested in the liver to produce mainly glucose (~50%),and the minor
amounts of glycogen (>17%),lactate (~25%) and a small fatty acids.
Lactose – intolerance happens when your small intestine does not make enough of a
digestive enzyme called lactase.
DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
A. Ulcer – an open, painful sore
B. Constipation – a condition in which stool becomes hard,dryand difficult to pass and bowel
moments don’t happen very often.
C. Stones – imaging test may show kidney stones in you urinary tract.
