The history of the connections between Lithuania and Poland is a complex and fascinating one that

dates back many centuries. The two countries have shared a rich and intertwined history, with
cultural, political, and economic ties spanning many generations. In this essay, we will explore the
history of the connections between Lithuania and Poland, from their early beginnings to the present
day.
Early History
The early history of the connections between Lithuania and Poland can be traced back to the 14th
century. At this time, Lithuania was a pagan country, while Poland was a Christian kingdom.
However, despite their differences, the two countries shared a common enemy in the form of the
Teutonic Knights, who were occupying much of the Baltic region.
In 1385, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, married the Queen of Poland, Jadwiga, in what
became known as the Union of Krewo. This marriage alliance was a significant moment in the
history of Lithuania and Poland, as it led to the eventual formation of the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth, one of the largest and most powerful states in Europe during the 16th and 17th
centuries.
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a unique state in many ways, as it was composed of
two distinct countries with different cultures, religions, and languages. Despite these differences,
the Commonwealth was able to maintain its unity for over two hundred years, and it became an
important center of culture, learning, and trade in Europe.
During this time, Lithuania and Poland shared many cultural and political ties, with the Polish
language and culture having a significant influence on the Lithuanian elite. Many important
Lithuanian figures, such as the poet and philosopher Kristijonas Donelaitis, wrote in the Polish
language, and Polish literature and music were highly regarded in Lithuania.
Partition and Independence
The 18th century brought significant changes to the connections between Lithuania and Poland. In
1795, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was partitioned by its neighbors, with Lithuania
falling under Russian rule and Poland being divided between Prussia and Austria.
This partition led to a period of political and cultural repression in Lithuania, with the Russian
authorities attempting to suppress Lithuanian language, culture, and identity. However, despite
these challenges, Lithuanians maintained their distinct identity, and in the early 20th century, they
began to work towards independence from Russia.
Poland also regained its independence in 1918, after over a century of foreign rule. The new Polish
state was initially very welcoming to the Lithuanian independence movement, with many Polish
intellectuals and politicians supporting Lithuanian independence.
However, tensions soon arose between Poland and Lithuania over issues such as borders,
minorities, and language. These tensions led to several conflicts, including the Polish-Lithuanian
War of 1920, which was fought over control of the city of Vilnius.
Modern Connections
Despite the conflicts and tensions of the past, Lithuania and Poland have continued to maintain
close ties in the modern era. Since the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, Lithuania and
Poland have worked together to build a strong partnership based on shared values, interests, and
goals.
Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO, and they work closely together on
issues such as security, energy, and economic development. They also share a common history and
culture, with many Lithuanians and Poles having family ties and business connections across the
border.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the connections between Lithuania and Poland are a rich and complex tapestry of
history, culture, and politics. From their early beginnings in the 14th century to the modern era,
Lithuania and Poland have shared a common history and a common destiny, with their fortunes
often intertwined.