TRADE PROJECT

INSTITUTION: RIFT VALLEY TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE

PRESENTER:

PROJECT TITLE: ANTI-SNATCH ALARM SYSTEM

COURSE: DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

. ENGINEERING (POWER OPTION)

INDEX NO:

INSTITUTECODE:

COURSE CODE:

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SUPERVISOR: MR. GITU

SERIES: JULY 2023

PRESENTED TO: KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(POWER OPTION)

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 DECLARATION
Declaration by the Student

This research proposal is my original work and has not been presented for an award in any other
institution. Any production of this work is prohibited without prior permission from the researcher or Rift
Valley Technical Training Institute.

NAME:

SIGNATURE: …………………………… DATE: …………………………………….

Declaration by the supervisor

This proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as the college supervisor.

NAME:

SIGNATURE: …………………………… DATE: …………………………………….

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 1

DEDICATION
I do dedicate this project to my beloved parents for financial support and kindness until its
accomplishment. I also dedicate it to all my friends and relatives for their support and social care and
compassion throughout my fabrication work.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to thank my Almighty God for fundamental strength and good health
which has enabled me to reach this far. Secondly, I am very grateful to my Supervisor Mr. GITU who
tirelessly offered valuable pieces of advice and extremely became helpful in the development of this
study. His corrections, guidance and encouraging remarks have greatly motivated me. He has enriched
me with the necessary skills. I’m really grateful to him. I am also greatly indebted to the persons and the
institution that made the write up of this research proposal possible.

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 ABSTRACT
Thwart the attempt of a Bag snatching during journey. Keep this Tiny Alarm in your bag and it will beep
loudly when somebody attempts to snatch your bag. It can protect your laptop bag, Mobile pouch,
Luggage etc. during the journey. It is essentially a “Vibration Alarm” using ultra-sensitive

Vibration sensor SW 18020 P. So even a mild shake can activate the alarm.

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Contents
DECLARATION.............................................................................................................2
DEDICATION................................................................................................................3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.....................................................................................................4
ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER ONE.............................................................................................................8
Introduction............................................................................................................8
Backgrounds of information........................................................................................8
Statement of problem...............................................................................................8
Objectives...............................................................................................................9
SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY..............................................................................................9
SCOPE....................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER TWO...........................................................................................................11
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................11
A POWER SUPPLY..................................................................................................11
RESISTOR............................................................................................................11
SYMBOLS OF RESISTORS...........................................................................................11
Fixed resistor........................................................................................................12
RESISTOR COLOUR CODING......................................................................................13
TABLE FOR EVALUATING RESISTOR VALUES...................................................................14
LED...................................................................................................................14
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE DIAGRAM.....................................................................................15
TRANSISTOR........................................................................................................15
Vibration sensor...................................................................................................17
3-12V Mini Buzzer.................................................................................................18
Electrolytic capacitor.............................................................................................18
CHAPTER 3...............................................................................................................19
METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................19
THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM............................................................................................19
WORKING / OPERATION..........................................................................................19
Specification.......................................................................................................20
CHAPTER FOUR..........................................................................................................22
TESTING THE DEVICE................................................................................................22
LIST OF COMPONENTS..............................................................................................22
CHAPTER FIVE............................................................................................................23
DISCUSSION...........................................................................................................23

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CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................23
REFERENCE............................................................................................................23

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 CHAPTER ONE

Introduction
In recent days rate of theft snatching is very high all through the world and the situation are even worse in
developing country. Therefore, protection of purses with an intelligent, reliable, effective and economical
system is very important. The existing technologies for purses and handbag security has number of
limitations including high false alarm rate, easy deactivation and high cost. In this project an Anti-purse
snatching security system will be design utilizing vibration sensor system which will cause an alarm to be
actuated.

Backgrounds of information
The civilization and peace of a nation is highly influenced by the availability of security and emergency
alert system. Kenya as a developing country in term of security has for some years now being straggling to
limit the level of thief’s snatching people’s purse, bag and suitcase. The society experience frequent
snatching which has really affects a lot of people psychological and emotional since document and other
important assets in the purses or suitcase snatch my never be get back. History makes us aware that a
student in Rift valley technical and training institution then have to stop schooling because someone
snatched her purse which contains her school fees and other important things right in front of school’s
administration block and rushed to a nearby bush. Because the lady does not have anything that can give
alert to were the people who snatch the purse is hiding in the bush, they cloud not track the person, and
also this act of snatching has caused a number of challenges. For instant, students find it difficult to learn
in the evening on campus because they are afraid there purse and suitcase with contains their phones and
laptops may be snatch when going or coming from study since they do not have any alarm in the purse
which cloud allow the security officer at post to follow the snatchers Over the years, management of the
institution together with Student Representative Council (SRC) has tried solving this problem by
providing more security personal to curb this problems but still the situation remained the same.
Therefore, in other to curb this problem, we some student of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Department, intend to design and construct an anti-purse snatch alarm that will help security offices to do
their work and also to help the students to live in peace of mind to study. This anti purse snatch alarm is
going to be based on the theory that a sudden pull or jerking force exerted by the purse handle will cause
the alarm to be actuated.

Statement of problem
The continuous increase in stealing and snatching of purse, bag and suitcase in the society has called for
the consideration for ways to eliminate snatching. RVTTI is not exempted from this act. Because of these
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challenges anti-bag or purse snatching alarm will help security personal to track snatchers. This research
therefore; is to design and construct in anti-purse snatching alarm for students in Rift valley technical
institute to reduce the risk of snatching within and outside the school.

Objectives
The aim of this project is to design and construct anti-purse snatch alarm that will use sudden pull or
jerking force exerted by the purse handle to cause the alarm to be actuated.

The objectives are;

1. To design and construct anti bag snatching alarm for getting rid of snatching and captured the snatchers.

2. To provide a thief alarm device that practically eliminates accidental triggering thereof.

3. To design and construct affordable anti bag or purse snatching alarm for RVTTI student body.

4. To study and analyze the different types of anti-bag snatching alarm and construct durable, good
efficiency and robust type to meet students need.

SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY
The significant of study is to be able to design and construct anti bag snatching alarm of good efficiency

and affordable price for purses, bags and suitcase to help portable properties for students in RVTTI and
its environment.

SCOPE
The scope of the project is the ability to do or achieve the project. The scope also includes the step, which
intended in executing the project.

These steps are: -

• I make the problem clear

• I think up ideas to the problem

• I develop solutions to the problem

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• I make or model the solution

• I see if the solution will solve the problem

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 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
The following are specifications of components used in building.

A POWER SUPPLY
• A conventional battery or RPS can be used to power the device. A RPS is beneficial as the input
voltage can be changed according to need and application.

• It also helps to keep the work zone safe as the output can rise to very high level. Lithium
polymer batteries are very efficient batteries which provide stable DC voltage without
degrading.

RESISTOR
A resistor is an electronic device that limits the flow of current in a circuit. Its symbol is ohms. Also,
resistance is directly proportional to terminal potential difference and inversely proportional to current.

Thus:

R=IΩ

When the temperature is varied it affect the resistance of material i.e., when the temperature is raised
higher, the lower the resistance of the material, while when this temperature is lowered then resistance of
material raises to greater value, more resistance.

The heat dissipated I the circuit is given by power loss in watts P

= I2R

SYMBOLS OF RESISTORS
There are various types of resistors available as shown on the next page.

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 Fixed resistor

Variable Resistor
FIXED RESISTORS
It is also known as variable resistor and it is made up of carbon molds or metal oxide.

It is used for low power ratings. This type of resistor can work well as that used in the project.

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RESISTOR COLOUR CODING
The value of resistors used in many electrical circuits are color-coded. This code
should compile with international standard notations.

First significant Second Decimal Tolerance

Significant Multiplier

NB: A carbon composition resistor can have 4 to 6 bands. A 5-band resistor is more precise
compared to a 4-band type because of the inclusion of the third significant digit. A 6-band
resistor is like a 5-band resistor but includes a temperature coefficient band.

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TABLE FOR EVALUATING RESISTOR VALUES

COLOUR SIGNIFICANT DECIMAL TOLERANCE

FIGURE MULTIPLIER

BLACK 0 10 N/A

BROWN 1 101 ±1%

RED 2 102 ±2%

ORANGE 3 103 ±3%

YELLOW 4 104 ±4%

GREEN 5 105 ±0.5%

BLUE 6 106 ±0.25%

VIOLET 7 107 ±0.15%

GREY 8 108 ±0.05%

WHITE 9 109 N/A

GOLD - 10-1 ±5%

SILVER - 10-2 ±10%

NO COLOUR - 20%

LED
Diodes are components which restrict the flow of current in one direction. They are semi-
conductor devices. When positive side of the supply is connected to the P side of the diode
it is forward biased and thus forbidden gap reduces and the devices becomes highly
conductive.

When the polarity is reversed then the forbidden gap increases and thus it acts as
insulator. So, this helps to maintain the flow of current in one direction in the circuit. In
4007 general purpose diodes are used. This helps to maintain unidirectional current and

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 block the reverse current from damaging the circuit. They have low forward voltage
drop and gave high surge current.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE DIAGRAM

TRANSISTOR
A transistor is a switch with three terminals. A base, emitter and collector. The collector is
like reservoir of current and emitter is the destination. The opening and closing of the
reservoir door are the base terminal.

Whenever there will be voltage in the base terminal the door will open and the Cuent wi
flow from collector to the emitter, which is equivalent of a switch in an ON state. As
soon as the voltage drop equals to zero the door will close and thus the switch will go to
OFF state.

A transistor is used to replace the spark in conversion tesla coil. Thus, the choice of
transistor has to be done very carefully. Depending upon its operation as as witch, response
time etc. BC 547 are two good choices. In the experiment BC547 is used because of its fast-
switching speeds and minimal leakage current.

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One major factor is that transistor has a heat sink. Due to high current values of the
components tend to heat up faster than usual, thus an external heat sink may also be used
but it is not compulsory.

The diagram of transistor and its symbol

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Vibration sensor
The Vibration sensor has two electrical contacts which are not connected in idle condition.
When an external force is applied due to movement or vibration, the Sensor’s contacts close.
When the force is removed, the sensor terminal returns back to open contacts. The internal
spring closes the contacts during vibration which triggers the circuit connected to it.

How it works?
The sensor is made up of a small spring mechanism, which makes the contacts ON when a
vibration force is applied above a certain threshold level. Two pins coming out of the sensor
are insulated by a resistance of more than 10 M Ohm. When a Vibration force is applied on the
switch, the spring inside the switch vibrates and makes a momentary short circuit between the
two terminals. The terminals of the Vibration sensor have no polarity but one pin is thick. Use
it to connect to Vcc through a resistor and connect the thin pin to the circuit to be triggered.

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3-12V Mini Buzzer

Electrolytic capacitor
The electrolytic capacitor is made up of two thin layers of aluminum foil – plain foil and etched
foil. It is built between two plates separated by an electrolyte. It is made up of two terminals
termed 'Anode' and 'Cathode. ‘The 'Oxidized Layer' is applied to certain metals.

They are extensively used for noise filtering or decoupling in power supplies. They are used for
coupling signals between amplifier stages and also to store energy in flash lamps.

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

WORKING / OPERATION
The Vibration Sensor is the major component of the circuit. When powered, the 470 uF
capacitor charges fully. When the Vibration sensor gets a vibration, its contact shorts and
current passes through it to the base of T1. T1 then conducts to activate the buzzer and LED.
Capacitor C1 keeps the base of T1 high for a short even if the vibration stops. This gives a
beep of few seconds with a single vibration.

Attempt of a Bag snatching during journey are very common. Keep this Tiny Alarm in your
bag and it will beep loudly when somebody attempts to snatch your bag. It can protect your
laptop bag, Mobile pouch, Luggage etc. during the journey. It is essentially a “Vibration
Alarm” using ultra-sensitive Vibration sensor SW 18020 P. So even a mild shake can activate
the alarm.

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 Model of Anti-Bag Snatching alarm.
Specification
1. Maximum supply voltage is 12 V DC but it works from 3-12 V DC.
2. Maximum current required – Less than 5 mA

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3. Open circuit resistance – Higher than 10 Mega Ohms
4. On resistance – Less than 5 Ohms
5. Life expectancy – More than 5 Lakh times
6. Response time – 2 ms

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 CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING THE DEVICE

Powering of the device using 9v battery which when on by help of a toggle switch. The device
beeps when a vibration is recorded by the vibration sensor. This is a huge success to the
making and assembly of this project.

LIST OF COMPONENTS
Component Name Quantity Price

Resistors

Capacitors

Variable Resistor

Op amp ic

Timer ic(555)

buzzer

Transistor(bd139)

Zener diode

battery

Connecting wires

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 CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION
This system sends a low pulse to trigger pin 2 of IC2 to make its output pin 3 high. Consequently,
the alarm circuit built around IC3 gets the supply voltage at pin5. Its output is fed to the base of
single-stage transistor amplifier that amplifies the generated alarm signal. A buzzer is connected to
the collector of transistor1, to produce the alarm. It is a simple circuit and low costly. It is easy to
carry anywhere with a bag, suitcase and purse.

CONCLUSION
The experiment shows that the technology shows promising results and with proper approach can
be used in modern day electronics. A few applications are proposed on the basis of the output
received;

• Handbag manufacture

• Anti-theft systems.

• High profile security vaults.

REFERENCE
• Installation technology book by Tg Francis

• KLB Book 4

• D.Mohankumar – dmohankumar.wordpress.com. 2021

• Appiah, m., 2013.campus vibes. Cape coast: s.n.

• Hossain, S., 2009. Anti-bag Alarm. Accra: s.n. masum, A. I., 1993.

• Design and Construction of snatching alarm. Bangladesh: long.

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