Research 2 - Week 1

Programming and the Internet

What is Computer Programming?

Computer Programming is the process of instructing a computer on how to do a task. It is
the craft of writing useful, maintainable, and extensible source code which can be
interpreted or compiled by a computing system to perform a meaningful task.
Programming a computer can be performed in one of the numerous languages.

Fields of Programming

Applications and Program Development

Application and program development involve programs you work with daily. For
example, the Internet browser you are using to view this web page is considered a
program.

Artificial Intelligence development

Artificial Intelligence or related fields involve creating character interactions in
computer games, portions of programs that make decisions, chatbots, and more.

Database Development
Database developers create and maintain collections of information.

Game Development
Game development involves the development of computer games or other
entertainment software.

Computer Driver Development

Computer drivers and programming hardware interface support are a necessity for
hardware functionality.

Internet and Web Page Development

Internet and web page development is the essence of the Internet. Without
developers, the Internet would not exist.
 Script Development
Although it is not likely to become a career, knowing how to create and develop
scripts can increase productivity for you or your company; saving you countless
hours.

How Computer Programming Works

Computer programming is the process of developing and implementing various sets of
instructions to enable a computer to do a certain task. These instructions are
considered computer programs and help the computer to operate smoothly.

The language used to program computers is not understood by an untrained eye.

Computer programming continues to be a necessary process as the Internet continues
to expand.

Binary code is the language that computers communicate with and use to process
information. Our human ability to communicate with others is done in several ways,
through letters, numbers, symbols, signs, and sounds. In other words, we use our
senses to communicate with others. However, a computer's ability to communicate and
relate information is done in a much different way ­through '0s' and '1s' ­this method of
communication or computer language is what's known as 'binary code'.

How the Internet Works

In a nutshell, the internet is a wire. This wire allows computers (desktops, laptops,
smartphones, servers, etc) to communicate with each other. All these computers have
their IP addresses and a set of directions that lead to a single computer on the internet.
Servers, which contain web pages and files, are directly connected to the wire. All the
webpages on the internet are stored in any of the millions of servers all around the world.

Having a computer, a modem, and a router is not enough. You will need a subscription
with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) to connect to the internet. ISPs are PLDT, Globe,
Smart, SkyCable, etc. An ISP is your gateway to the Internet and everything else you can
do online. The second your connection is activated and set up, you'll be able to send
emails, go shopping, do research, and more. Because of this, your computer (which is a
client), is NOT directly connected to the wire. It's indirectly connected to it, through the
ISP.

Now that you have the hardware and an internet subscription, you can simply open your
web browser and type in a website name. A website name, also known as the domain
name, is a nickname for a specific server's IP address. Domain names, which are made up
of words and easy to remember letters, are substitutes to IP addresses, which are long
and usually composed of numbers.

When you type in Facebook.com in your browser, your browser translates Facebook.com
into its IP address format. Since Facebook is one of the busiest websites on the internet,

it has several thousand servers distributed among data centers. That means that
Facebook has at least 60,000 different IP addresses. Using any single one of those will give
you the same results. When the browser translates the domain name to its IP address
format, your modem sends the website request to your ISP. Your ISP then sends the
request over to the server that houses Facebook. The server then sends over the data
that you need to complete the website. This process takes just milliseconds to complete.

How Websites Work

As mentioned previously, websites are stored in servers. These servers have a unique ID,
known as an IP address so that your ISP knows where to find that server on the internet.

To have a website published on the internet, you need to avail of a hosting service.
Bluehost, the author of the video, is one of the many companies in the world that offer
website hosting for a fee. These companies have hundreds of servers, ready to store your
website's files so that anyone on the internet can see your website at any time.

There are different types of websites, which are used by visitors in search of information
or are used for buying and selling any stuff online. There are many things you can do
online, like online gaming, surf a variety of products from e­commerce websites, find great
deals, sell your old stuff, interact with your friends, and many more. Though Websites can
be divided into a variety of categories and subcategories, here is a broader division of
types of websites.

SITE DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

These websites are personal diaries
written by individuals solely to write onhttp://www.vivisrandomram
Weblogs, their interesting topics and get their blings.com/
works in front of other blog readers and http://naturemoms.com/blo
Blogs, or
visitors. There are many blog building
g/
Online tools like Blogger.com, WordPress.com,
http://tinycartridge.com/
and many others.
Diaries
File Sharing Search for media, software, or pdf files
and and share it or download them onto https://www.dropbox.com/
Download your PC from file sharing and download
https://www.mediafire.com/
Sites http://www.4shared.com/
sites.

SITE DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

http://ayalaeducation.com/
Any company or any organization has its http://liveit.knowledgeplatfo
Company or online presence with a company rm.com/
website. It offers various products and http://ayalaeducation.com/
Organizatio services that are showcased on the
http://www.lenovo.com/ph/
website so that web users can know
n Website en/
about it.
http://www.globe.com.ph/

Social interactions, online meetings,

chatting, social updates exist on social
Social
networking websites, also called social https://www.facebook.com/
media. Some of the most popular social https://twitter.com/
Networking
media are Facebook, Twitter, Google
https://www.linkedin.com/
Website Plus, etc. These websites are commonly
used by teens and younger people.

E­commerce websites are online http://www.nationalbooksto

markets for any product you want to re.com.ph/
buy online. You can choose a variety of http://www.zalora.com.ph/
products of any kind from different
E­commerce http://www.lazada.com/
ranges. You get a variety of products,
https://www.amazon.com/
Website good deals to buy, easy selection, and
https://www.ebay.ph/
safe transactions doing commerce on
https://www.flipkart.com/
the web.

It delivers searches related to any query

entered by a user on a search engine
Search website. By using special algorithms and https://www.google.com.ph
Engine technology, it gives the most https://sg.yahoo.com/
appropriately related site links for the
user to find the content they need to
know.
 Forums are used by its users to talk
about a particular topic or start a http://www.pinoyexchange.c
discussion among themselves and find om/
Forums answers to the queries. It is a kind of http://www.femalenetwork.
interaction on a social networking com/girltalk/
website.