Week 6: Surfing/ Browsing the Net

Objective: At the end of this lesson learners are expected to:

1. Cite examples of websites and its contents

2. Apply the knowledge of this topic in understanding the URL of a website and its meaning.
3. Differentiate technical terms form each other.

INTRODUCTION
Of all the terms that is flooding the Internet some of it are just names where sometimes we are
using it without really understanding what it is all about. It’s just like we are using it because it is its
name. What we do not know sometimes its name has a meaning or it is called like that because there is
a reason behind it. So let us find out more.

Basic Internet Terminologies that we should know

Domain

While every computer has its own unique address, every user using the Internet has a unique address
called a domain. A domain recognizes one or more IP addresses. An example of a domain
is weather.com and is part of the URL such as https://www.weather.com. The standard top-level
domains are:

 com - Commercial business

 edu - Educational institutions

 gov - Government agencies

 mil - Military

 net - Networks organization

 org - Organizations (nonprofit)

There are additional top-level domains that are now recognized on the Internet. They include:

 aero - Air-transport industry

 biz - Businesses

 coop - Cooperatives

 info - Unrestricted use

 museum - museums

 pro - Accountants, lawyers, physicians, and other professionals

 tv - Television
Some countries use a sub-domain or geographical domain as part of their address. Fox example, an
academic institution such as Oxford University in the United Kingdom can use ac.uk. An example of a
URL with this domain is http://www.ox.ac.uk/.

Browser

A piece of software such as Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer that allows a computer to access and
display documents, view pictures, hear sound, and view video clips from the World Wide Web.

E-mail

Mail that's electronically transmitted by your computer. As opposed to snail mail, e-mail sends your
messages instantaneously, anywhere in the world. It has the capability to send messages at any time
and to anyone.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

The standard method for downloading and uploading files over the Internet. With FTP, you can login to
a server and transfer files (meaning you can "send" or "receive" files).

Homepage

The first page that is viewed when the browser starts. It is also the page of a Web site that provides the
introduction or content with links.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The abbreviation for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is the set of rules by which Web pages are
transferred across the Internet.

Internet Protocol (IP) Address

The Internet is composed of local, regional, national, and worldwide computer networks. Each computer
on the Internet can be identified by a set of unique numbers that is called an internet protocol
(IP) address. The IP address is composed of four different numbers separated by periods such as
205.134.120.60.
Link or Hypertext Link

An underlined word(s), phrase(s), or graphics on a Web page that transports the reader to additional or
related information on the Internet.

TelNet

A terminal emulation protocol (or Internet program) used to connect a computer to a remote host or
server. Telnet is one of the oldest Internet activities and is primarily used to access online databases or
to read articles stored on university servers.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

An addressing scheme that is used on the Internet to locate resources and/or services on the World
Wide Web. Basically the URL is the address of a computer file that has been put on a computer server to
access the Internet. 

Web Page

A single hypertext file or a page that is part of a Web site.

Website

A collection of World Wide Web pages or files.

On this note let us test how well you know the Internet by answering these questions:

1. There are lots of things that you can see on the Internet that you can buy, use, and rent
or owned. List some example of the things that is not on the Internet.
2. What are the things that you can do and cannot do online?
3. What do you think is the purpose of the Internet?
4. How can the Internet be useful to a student like you?
5. Do you think Internet is a good or bad thing?

Reference: https://pgcc.libguides.com/c.php?g=60038&p=385682
DEVELOPMENT
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of websites that you can browse or access through the
internet using a web browser. If you think about the IP address as a company’s physical address, a
website on the WWW will be that part of the company that customers can see.

Each webpage on the internet has its very own address called a uniform resource locator (URL), which
indicates to the internet exactly what page you want to see on a website. When you type a URL in the
address bar of the web browser and press ENTER, the browser will take you to that specific page. For
example, in the figure below, we typed www.sars.gov.za in the address bar, which then loaded the
South African Revenue Services (SARS) webpage.

Each segment in an URL is a part that makes up the web address.

The domain name is the most important part of an internet address. This could be a word or a phrase
that an internet site has identified as the name of the website. People use it to find information on the
internet, for example businesses use it to get people to visit their websites.

http://www.sars.gov.za/ClientSegments/Individuals/How-Send-Return/

A webpage is a single page of a website. Hypertext mark-up language (HTML) is a type of coding
language used on a webpage that enables the display of text, multi-media and other interactive content.
The web browser is a piece of software that can interpret the HTML code and display the content as we
see it on a webpage. A website consists of a collection of many of these HTML-coded webpages that are
connected together. When you have accessed a secure website you will see that the http prefix has
changed to https. You should check for this before making any electronic payments online.

A browser is an application designed specifically to access and display webpages, including the
webpage's content such as text, images and videos.
EXAMPLES OF WEB BROWSERS

The five most popular web browsers are:

 Google Chrome

 Mozilla Firefox

 Microsoft internet Explorer

 Microsoft Edge

 Apple Safari.

ACCESSING A WEB BROWSER

In order to open your web browser, select your web browser icon (Any of the listed browsers). Once
your browser is open, you need to decide which website you would like to visit. This is done by either:

 browsing to the correct website

 searching for the correct website.

SEARCH ENGINES

Searching: you may want to search the internet for specific answers or try to find new, interesting
websites to explore. To do this, you can use a search engine to find the information you are looking for.

Two popular search engines are:

 Google (www.google.com)

 Microsoft Bing (www.bing.com)

Google is the most popular, powerful and easy-to-use search engine of the two. In fact, Google’s search
engine has become so well known that ‘to Google something’ has become a verb that means to search
for something. In future, if someone asks you a question that you do not know the answer to, you can
tell them to just ‘Google it’.

Reference: https://intl.siyavula.com/read/it/grade-10-it/computer-management/07-computer-
management?id=sec7#sec7

In the Philippines, the risks to children are high with the country being the number one global source of
child pornography and a hub for the live-stream sexual abuse trade. Around 8 out of every 10 Filipino
children are at risk of online sexual abuse or bullying.

“Child pornography is a billion-dollar industry, and Filipino children are the ones being traded and
exploited online. Children who are made to perform sex acts in front of a web camera will never get
their childhood back. We must all work together to protect our children,” UNICEF Representative
LottaSylwander says.

To tackle the problem of online child abuse, UNICEF in the Philippines is working with the government,
private sector and child protection advocates to strengthen legislation and its implementation, support
collaboration among partners, conduct studies and increase awareness.

To generate evidence, UNICEF Philippines is conducting three studies: the Kids Online Survey, the
National Study on Child Online Sexual Exploitation and Changing Social Behavior on Child Online
Protection in Communities. The studies seek to understand the root causes of online sexual violence and
inform UNICEF’s future interventions in this area.

To strengthen coordination and help capacity development of partners, UNICEF Philippines organizes
workshops and provides technical support to local and international dialogues to share best practices,
safeguard standards and mechanisms and create a coalition for change within industry and related
private sectors.

In 2017, UNICEF Philippines launched the Children’s Rights and Business Principles to the Philippine
business community in partnership with the Makati Business Club and the Philippine Chamber of
Commerce and Industry with the support of key business leaders such as Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala.
The launch generated sign-ups for training on the Principles from 25 companies. UNICEF Philippines also
continues to engage internet service providers, social media networks and remittance agencies to craft
online child safeguarding policies and change business practices to stop the creation and circulation of
online child sexual abuse content.

In the Philippines, various positive developments have been made to protect children online, such as:

 Inclusion of child online protection provision in the newly passed Free Internet in Public Places
Act and its Implementing Rules and Regulations

 Approval by the Government of the National Response Plan to Prevent and Address Child Online
Sexual Exploitation and Abuse

 Roll-out of a specific module on child online protection for family court judges as adopted by the
Supreme Court in the Philippines

 Engagement with businesses and industries to increase awareness and accountability to

mitigate online risks and optimize opportunities for children.

UNICEF Philippines recommends that more should be done in terms of:

 Enhanced cooperation and collaboration between the Inter-Agency Councils Against Child
Pornography and Trafficking

 Increase investment for targeted advocacy to understand the harmful effects of online
exploitation

 Expand competency development for frontliners, especially social workers, to provide trauma-
informed care for victims and families
  Integrate parenting support interventions to understand both opportunities and risks in the
digital environment

The report presents current data and analysis about children’s online usage and the impact of digital
technology on children’s wellbeing, exploring growing debates about digital “addiction” and the possible
effect of screen time on brain development.

Additional facts from the report include:

 Young people are the most connected age group. Worldwide, 71 per cent are online compared
with 48 per cent of the total population.

 African youth are the least connected, with around 3 out of 5 youth offline, compared to just 1
in 25 in Europe.

 Approximately 56 per cent of all websites are in English and many children cannot find content
they understand or that is culturally relevant.

 More than 9 in 10 child sexual abuse URLs identified globally are hosted in five countries –
Canada, France, the Netherlands, the Russian Federation and the United States.

Only collective action – by governments, the private sector, children’s organizations, academia, families
and children themselves – can help level the digital playing field and make the internet safer and more
accessible for children, the report says.

Practical recommendations to help guide more effective policymaking and more responsible business
practices to benefit children include:

 Provide all children with affordable access to high-quality online resources.

 Protect children from harm online – including abuse, exploitation, trafficking, cyberbullying and
exposure to unsuitable materials.

 Safeguard children’s privacy and identities online.

 Teach digital literacy to keep children informed, engaged and safe online.

 Leverage the power of the private sector to advance ethical standards and practices that protect
and benefit children online.

 Put children at the centre of digital policy.

“The internet was designed for adults, but it is increasingly used by children and young people – and
digital technology increasingly affects their lives and futures. So digital policies, practices, and products
should better reflect children’s needs, children’s perspectives and children’s voices,” said Lake. 

Reference: https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/unicef-make-digital-world-safer-children-
while-increasing-online-access-benefit-most
ENGAGEMENT
Answer the following items.

1. List down 5 of your favorite website and your favorite activities while you are on it.
2. List down 5 website that you should not visit and give your reason why.
3. In your own words explain the difference between the following terms.
a) Website and webpage
b) URL and DNS
c) Browser and Application

ASSIMILATION:
Answer the following items.

1. Do you think it is reasonable to have restrictions at your age? Why or why not?
2. What is the important role of URL?
3. Is it important to consult your parents or someone older before you click a link?