1.

The term angle of attack in a two dimensional flow is defined as:

A) the angle between the aeroplane climb path and the horizon..
B) the angle between the wing chord line and the direction of the relative wind/airflow.
C) the angle for maximum lift/drag ratio.
D) the angle formed by the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane and the chord line of the wing.

2. the density change in the flow is less than:

A) 30%.
B) 5%.
C) 1%.
D) 15%.

3. The fineness ratio of an airfoil is:

A) mean chord / thickness ratio.

B) thickness / chord ratio.
C) thickness / span ratio.
D) mean camber chord ratio / thickness ratio.

4. Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude?

A) If the altimeter has no mechanical error.

B) When at 18,000 feet MSL with the altimeter set at 29.92.
C) Never.
D) At sea level in standard conditions (ISA).

5. The dynamic pressure increases proportionally with:

A) the static pressure.

B) velocity and density.
C) density and the square of the velocity.
D) velocity and the square of the density.

6. How is the thickness of an aerofoil section measured?

A) As the percentage of chord.

B) In metres.
C) Related to camber.
D) As the ratio of wing angle.

7. Which statement is correct about the Cl and angle of attack?

A) For an asymmetric aerofoil with positive camber, if angle of attack is greater than 0, Cl = 0.
B) For a symmetric aerofoil, if angle of attack = 0, Cl is not equal to 0.
C) For a symmetric aerofoil, if angle of attack = 0, Cl =0.
D) For an asymmetric aerofoil, if angle of attack = 0, Cl =0.

8. The maximum angle of attack for the flaps down configuration, compared to flaps up is:

A) greater.
B) smaller.
C) unchanged.
D) smaller or greater, depending on CG position.

9. In recovery from a spin:

A) airspeed increases.
B) ailerons should be kept neutral.
C) ailerons used to stop the spin.
D) rudder and ailerons used against the direction of spin rotation.

10. What is the SI unit that results from multiplying kg and m/s2?

A) Psi.
B) Newton.
C) Watt.
D) Joule.

11. Compared to a cambered airfoil, the zero lift angle of attack of a symmetrical airfoil is:

A) higher.
B) the same.
C) depending on airspeed.
D) lower.

12. The correct drag formula is:

A) D = CD 1/2 1/RHO V2 S
B) D = CD 1/2 RHO V2 S
C) D = CD 2 RHO V2 S
D) D = CD 1/2 RHO V S

13. Mean chord is equal to:

A) wing span divided by wing area.

B) mean aerodynamic chord.
C) (tip chord + root chord) / 2.
D) wing area divided by wing span.

14. The load factor n is:

A) always smaller than 1.

B) always larger than 1.
C) always equal to 1.
D) smaller, equal to or larger than 1, depending on the manoeuvre.

15. A wing has a span of 50 feet and an area of 200 square feet. Its mean chord would be:

A) 7.5 feet
B) 2.5 feet
C) 10 feet.
D) 4 feet.
16. Bernoulli’ s equation states that:

A) static pressure equals stagnation pressure.

B) dynamic pressure equals stagnation pressure.
C) the sum of static pressure and dynamic pressure is equal to stagnation pressure.
D) the sum of centre of pressure and dynamic pressure is total pressure.

17. If temperature in a gas is kept constant and pressure increases, the density:

A) Nove of the above - it depends on the type of gas.

B) remains constant.
C) increases.
D) decreases.

18. Which of the following statements, about a venturi in a sub-sonic airflow are correct?

1. the dynamic pressure in the undisturbed flow and in the throat are equal.
2. the total pressure in the undisturbed flow and in the throat are equal.

A) 1 is correct and 2 is incorrect.

B) 1 and 2 are incorrect.
C) 1 is incorrect and 2 is correct.
D) 1 and 2 are correct.

19. The units of the density of the air (I) and the force (II) are:

A) w(I) N / m3, (II) N.

B) w(I) N / kg, (II) kg
C) w(I) kg / m?, (II) kg.
D) w(I) kg / m3, (II) N.

20. The term angle of attack is defined as the angle:

A) between the wing chord line and the relative wind.

B) between the airplanes climb angle and the horizon.
C) between the wing chord line and the local horizon.
D) formed by the longitudinal axis of the airplane and the chord line of the wing.

21. Lift is a function of:

A) velocity, wing area, CL and density.

B) velocity, density, wing shape and lift coefficient.
C) velocity, wing shape, wing area and CL.
D) velocity, density, gross wing area and CD.

22. Considering a positive cambered aerofoil, the pitch moment when Cl=0 is:

A) infinite.
B) equal to zero.
C) positive (pitch-up).
D) negative (pitch-down).
23. The unit of density is:

A) kg/cm
B) Bar
C) kg/ml
D) psi

24. Which of the following expressions could represent the relationship between force, mass and
acceleration:

A) a=m/F
B) m=Fxa
C) F=mxa
D) a=Fxm

25. The angle of attack of a wing profile is defined as the angle between:

A) the undisturbed airflow and the mean camber line.

B) the local airflow and the chord line.
C) the undisturbed airflow and the chord line.
D) the local airflow and the mean camber line.

26. Where does the lift act on the wing?

A) Centre of Pressure.
B) Always forward of the CG.
C) Centre of Gravity.
D) Suction.

27. If the IAS is increased by a factor of 4, by what factor would the drag increase?

A) 8
B) 12
C) 4
D) 16

28. The (subsonic) static pressure:

A) is the total pressure plus the dynamic pressure.

B) decreases in a flow in a tube when the diameter decreases.
C) is the pressure in a point at which the velocity has become zero.
D) increases in a flow in a tube when the diameter decreases.

29. The wing area divided by the span of a wing is called:

A) aspect ratio.
B) mean cord.
C) wash out.
D) fineness ratio.

30. The lateral axis is also called the:

A) horizontal axis.
B) roll axis.
C) pitch axis.
D) normal axis.

31. Which of the following wing planform gives the highest local lift coefficient at the wing root?

A) Tapered.
B) Positive angle of sweep.
C) Elliptical.
D) Rectangular.

32. Pitch angle is defined as:

A) the angle between the chord line and the relative airflow.
B) the angle between the chord line and the free stream flow velocity.
C) the angle between the lower wing surface and the relative airflow.
D) the angle between the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and the local horizon.

33. Compared to a wing at sea level at 200kt TAS, a wing at 40,000ft at 400kt TAS and the same
angle of attack will have:

A) four times the lift.

B) twice the lift.
C) the same lift.
D) 1.4 times the lift.

34. What is the effect of deploying trailing edge flaps?

A) Decreased sink rate.

B) Increased minimum glide angle.
C) Decreased minimum glide angle.
D) Increased glide range.

35. Lift is the component of the total aerodynamic force which is:

A) parallel to the free stream airflow.

B) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.
C) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.
D) perpendicular to the free stream airflow.

36. Which one of the following statements about the lift-to-drag ratio in straight and level flight is
correct?

A) The highest value of the lift/drag ratio is reached when the lift is zero.
B) The highest value of the lift/drag ratio is reached when the lift is equal to, the aircraft weight.
C) The lift/drag ratio always increases as the lift decreases.
D) At the highest value of the lift/drag ratio the total drag is lowest.

37. The Principle of Continuity states that in a Stream tube of decreasing cross-sectional area, the
speed of a subsonic and incompressible airflow will:

A) sonic.
B) decrease.
C) remain the same.
D) increase.

38. When the stick is moved forward, the stabilizer lift?

A) usually remains the same.

B) increases.
C) always remains the same.
D) decreases.

39. What are the correct SI units for density and force?

A) N/m3, Kg
B) Kg/m3, Newton
C) Kg/N, Nm3
D) Kg/m3, Kg

40. If the weight an aircraft is increased, the maximum lift/drag ratio will:

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) increase although the aircraft will have to be flown more slowly.
D) not be affected.

41. The following unit of measurement kgm/s2 is expressed in the SI-system as:

A) Pascal.
B) Watt.
C) Joule.
D) Newton.

42. In accordance with Bernoulli’ s Theorem, where PT = Total Pressure, PS = Static pressure and q =
Dynamic pressure:

A) PT = PS - q
B) PS + PT = q
C) PT - PS = q
D) PT + PS = q

43. The units of wing loading (I) W / S and (II) dynamic pressure q are:

A) (I) N / m?, (II) N / m?.

B) (I) kg / m, (II) N / m?.
C) (I) N / m3, (II) kg / m?.
D) (I) N / m, (II) kg.

44. Aspect ratio is defined as:

A) wing span / mean camber.

B) mean chord / wing area.
C) wing span / mean chord.
D) span squared / wing area.
45. The SI unit of energy is:

A) Watt.
B) Joule.
C) BTU.
D) Ampere.

46. Bernoulli’ s theorem states that in a perfect and constant airstream?

A) The sum of static and dynamic pressure is constant.

B) The sum of dynamic pressure and total pressure is constant.
C) The dynamic pressure is always greater than the static pressure.
D) The dynamic pressure is equal to the static pressure.

47. As a smooth flow of subsonic air at a velocity less than M0.4 flows through a divergent duct:

i. static pressure
ii. velocity

A) (i) decreases and (ii) increases

B) (i) increases and (ii) decreases
C) (i) increases and (ii) increases
D) (i) decreases and (ii) decreases

48. A line connecting the leading- and trailing edge midway between the upper and lower surface of a
aerofoil. This definition is applicable for:

A) the chord line.

B) the mean aerodynamic chord line.
C) the upper camber line.
D) the camber line.

49. What is the CL and CD ratio at normal angles of attack?

A) CL much higher.
B) The same.
C) CD higher.
D) CL higher.

50. At a given CAS an aircraft flying below sea level will have:

A) the same TAS as at sea level.

B) the same TAS as at sea level but an increased IAS.
C) a higher TAS than at sea level.
D) a lower TAS than at sea level.

51. The term angle of attack is defined as:

A) the angle between the wing and tailplane incidence.

B) the angle between the relative airflow and the horizontal axis.
C) the angle between the wing chord line and the relative wind.
D) the angle that determines the magnitude of the lift force.
52. If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11 Hg to 29.96 Hg, what will be the approximate
change in indication?

A) Depends on the outside temperature.

B) Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower.
C) Altimeter will indicate 150 feet higher.
D) Altimeter will indicate .15 Hg higher.

53. The resistance, or skin friction, due to the viscosity of the air as it passes along the surface of the
wing is part of the:

A) parasite drag
B) induced drag.
C) interference drag.
D) form drag.

54. The true airspeed (TAS) is:

A) lower than the speed of the undisturbed airstream about the aeroplane.
B) lower than the indicated airspeed (IAS) at ISA conditions and altitudes below sea level.
C) higher than the speed of the undisturbed airstream about the aeroplane.
D) equal to the IAS, multiplied by the air density at sea level.

55. What phenomena causes induced drag?

A) The span wise flow, inward below the wing and outward above.
B) Wing tip vortices.
C) Wing tanks.
D) The increased pressure at the leading edge.

56. The Cl - alpha curve of a positive cambered aerofoil intersects with the vertical axis of the Cl -
alpha graph:

A) nowhere.
B) above the origin.
C) in the origin.
D) below the origin.

57. In straight and level flight the center of pressure is behind the center of gravity. With the resultant
force from the elevators and tailplane action to maintain straight and level flight, the force would be
action:

A) horizontally.
B) downward.
C) in a direction depending on the thrust/drag couple.
D) upward.

58. The angle between the airflow (relative wind) and the chord line of an aerofoil is:

A) climb path angle.

B) angle of attack.
C) same as the angle between chord line and fuselage axis.
D) glide path angle.
59. In subsonic flight, which is correct for VMD?

A) CL and CD are minimum.

B) Best glide range achieved.
C) Best endurance speed for a piston engine.
D) Parasite drag greater than induced drag.

60. Which formula or equation describes the relationship between force (F), acceleration (a) and mass
(m)?

A) F = m.a
B) F = m/a
C) a = F.m
D) m = F.a

61. Which of the following expressions is correct (F=force; m=mass, a=acceleration):

A) F=MxA
B) A=FxM
C) A=M/F
D) M=FxA

62. Which of the following is the correct formula for drag?

A) 1/2 RHO V (CL)2 S

B) 1/2 RHO V2 AR CD S
C) 1/2 RHO V2 CD S
D) 1/2 RHO V2 CL S

63. The direction of drag is:

A) perpendicular to the free stream airflow.

B) parallel to the free stream airflow.
C) parallel to longitudinal axis of the aircraft.
D) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.

64. Which of the following would tend to increase the density altitude at a given airport?

A) A decrease in relative humidity.

B) An increase in ambient temperature.
C) A large tailwind.
D) An increase in barometric pressure.

65. An aircraft is flying at sea level with an indicated airspeed of 210kts. What will be the true
airspeed at that time?

A) 210 kts.
B) Less than 210 kts.
C) 0 kts.
D) More than 210 kts.

66. Lift and drag on an aerofoil are vertical respectively parallel to the:
A) horizon.
B) longitudinal axis.
C) relative wind/airflow.
D) chord line.

67. What is the SI unit which results from multiplying kg and m/s squared?

A) Joule
B) Watt
C) Psi
D) Newton

68. Load factor is the actual lift supported by the wings at any given time:

A) subtracted from the aircraft’ s total weight.

B) divided by the aircrafts empty weight
C) divided by the surface area of the wing.
D) divided by the total weight of the aircraft.

69. If an aircraft is pitching up:

A) the incidence angle first increases and than decreases.

B) the incidence angle increases.
C) the incidence angle decreases.
D) the incidence angle remains fixed.

70. What causes deep stall in a swept back wing?

A) CP moves aft.
B) CP moves forward.
C) Span wise flow from tip to root on wing upper surface.
D) Root stall.

71. The continuity equation states: If the area of a tube is increasing, the speed of the subsonic and
incompressible flow inside is:

A) sonic.
B) not changing.
C) decreasing.
D) increasing.

72. The formula for lift is:

A) L = W
B) L = 1/2 RHO V2 S CL
C) L = RHO V S CL
D) L = 2 RHO V2 S CL

73. A high aspect ratio wing:

A) has a short span and short chord.

B) has a long span and short chord.
C) has a long span and long chord.
D) has a short span and long chord.

74. Which of the following statements is true?

A) Energy can be created but not be destroyed.

B) Energy can not be created nor destroyed.
C) Energy can not be created but destroyed.
D) Energy can be created and destroyed.

75. The Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC) for a given wing of any platform is:

A) the wing area divided by the wing span.

B) the average chord of the actual aeroplane.
C) the chord of a large rectangular wing.
D) the chord of a rectangular wing with same moment and lift.

76. Which of the following wing planform gives the highest local profile lift coefficient at the wing root?

A) Tapered.
B) Rectangular.
C) Elliptical.
D) Positive angle of sweep.

77. The units of a turning moment are?

A) Newton x meters.
B) Kilogram.
C) Joule.
D) Rad / second.

78. Which of the following is the correct description of the method for measuring the dihedral angle?

A) The angle between the wing plane and the horizontal.

B) The angle between the 25% chord line and the horizontal axis.
C) The angle between a line which passes through the 25% wing chord and the horizontal axis.
D) The angle between 25% chord and the lateral axis.

79. VS is 100 kt at n = 1, what will the stall speed be at n = 2?

A) 119 kts
B) 141 kts
C) 100 kts
D) 200 kts

80. Longitudinal dihedral is:

A) the difference between the wing and tail angle of sweep.

B) the difference between the wing and tail angle of incidence.
C) the difference between the wing and tail dihedral angles.
D) when the wing has anhedral and the tail dihedral.

81. The mean chord is calculated by:

A) dividing the net wing area by the wing span.
B) dividing the gross wing area by the wing span.
C) dividing the gross wing area by the root chord.
D) dividing the chord by the maximum thickness.

82. Consider a uniform flow of air at velocity V in a Stream tube. If the temperature of the air in the
tube is raised:

A) the mass flow will increase and velocity V remain constant

B) the mass flow will decrease and velocity V will remain constant.
C) the mass flow remains constant and the velocity V will increase.
D) the mass flow remains constant and velocity V decreases.

83. The Principle of Continuity states that in a tube of increasing cross-sectional area, the speed of a
subsonic and incompressible airflow will:

A) decrease.
B) increase.
C) sonic.
D) remain the same.

84. Maintaining thickness/chord ratio but changing to a supercritical wing section will:

A) reduce the aft shift of CP in the transonic range.

B) make lateral stability more critical.
C) give the aircraft an increased range.
D) lead to more prominent shockwave formation.

85. The wing dihedral angle is defined as:

A) the inclination of the wing to the longitudinal axis.

B) the upward inclination of the wing to the lateral axis.
C) another term for the sweepback.
D) the inclination of the wing to the vertical axis.

86. What is the effect on EAS as height is increased when you are holding a constant IAS?

A) EAS falls.
B) EAS remains the same.
C) The effect depends on the temperature.
D) EAS rises.

87. If an increase in power tends to make the nose of the aircraft to dip, this is the result of the:

A) Line of thrust being above the centre of gravity.

B) Centre of lift and centre of gravity being collocated.
C) Centre of lift being ahead of the centre of gravity.
D) Line of thrust passing through the centre of gravity.

88. Dihedral of the wing is:

A) the angle between the 0.25 chord line of the wing and the lateral axis.
B) the angle between the 0.25 chord line of the wing and the horizon.
C) the angle between the 0.25 chord line of the wing and the vertical axis.
D) the angle between the leading edge of the wing and the lateral axis.

89. Which of the following quantities determines the mass flow in a nozzle?

A) Density and flow velocity.

B) Density and the square of the flow velocity.
C) Velocity, density and area.
D) Velocity of flow and section area.

90. The total pressure is:

A) 1/2 rho V2
B) can be measured in a small hole in a surface, parallel to the local stream.
C) static pressure minus the dynamic pressure.
D) static pressure plus the dynamic pressure.

91. Bernoulli’ s equation can be written as (pt = total pressure, ps = static pressure, q = dynamic
pressure):

A) pt - q = ps
B) pt = q - ps
C) pt + ps = q
D) pt = ps - q

92. The angle of attack of a two dimensional wing section is the angle between:

A) the chord line of the aerofoil and the free stream direction.
B) the chord line of the aerofoil and the fuselage centreline.
C) the chord line and the camber line of the aerofoil.
D) the fuselage core line and the free stream direction.

93. As it applies to airfoils. which statement is in agreement with Bernoullis Principle?

A) The speed of a fluid increases at points where the static pressure of the fluid increases.
B) The static pressure of a fluid decreases at points where the speed of the fluid increases.
C) The static pressure of a fluid decreases at points where the speed of the fluid decreases.
D) The static pressure of a fluid increases at points where the speed of the fluid increases.

94. Vectors:

A) have a direction only.

B) have a magnitude and a direction.
C) have a magnitude only.
D) none of the above.

95. Assuming ISA conditions, which statement with respect to the climb is correct?

A) At constant TAS the Mach number decreases.

B) At constant IAS the Mach number increases.
C) At constant Mach number the IAS increases.
D) At constant IAS the TAS decreases.
96. The chord line is:

A) a line equidistant between intrados and extrados.

B) a line tangential to the wing surface at the leading edge.
C) a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.
D) a straight line from the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge of the wing.

97. The static pressure is acting:

A) only perpendicular to the direction of the flow.

B) only in the direction of the total pressure.
C) in all directions.
D) only in direction of the flow.

98. If pressure is kept constant and temperature increases, the density:

A) increases.
B) remains constant.
C) temperature have no effect.
D) decreases.

99. When looking at the airflow over the wing, from the wing surface and up, the air is:

A) accelerated to the transition point.

B) decelerated to the transition point.
C) accelerated to the separation point.
D) caused to tend to flow from root to tip over a straight wing.

100. What happens to total drag when accelerating from CL MAX to maximum speed?

A) Increases then decreases.

B) Increases.
C) Decreases.
D) Decreases then increases.

101. The angle between the aeroplane longitudinal axis and the chord line is the:

A) angle of attack.
B) climb path angle.
C) angle of incidence.
D) glide path angle.

102. If the continuity equation is applicable, what will happen to the air density (rho) if the cross
sectional area of a tube changes? (low speed, subsonic and incompressible flow:

A) rho1 = rho2
B) The density depends on the change of the tube area.
C) rho1 > rho2
D) rho1 < rho2

103. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the:

A) square of the chord to the wingspan.

B) square of the wing span to the wing area.
C) wing spat to the main compression rib.
D) wingspan to the wing root.

104. If you want to maintain a constant TAS during a climb, you should during the climb:

A) maintain a stable IAS.

B) reduce to a lower IAS.
C) increase the IAS.
D) increase A.o.A.

105. On a symmetrical aerofoil, the pitch moment for which Cl=0 is:

A) positive (pitch-up).
B) zero.
C) negative (pitch-down).
D) equal to the moment coefficient for stabilized angle of attack.

106. Angle of attack is the angle between:

A) local airflow and mean camber line.

B) undisturbed airflow and chord line.
C) undisturbed airflow and mean camber line.
D) local airflow and chord line.

107. In a symmetrical airfoil the mean camber line is?

A) A straight line co-incident with the chord line.

B) A line joining points of mean camber along the wing.
C) A curve co-incident with the top surface of the airfoil.
D) A line joining points of maximum camber along the wing.

108. Flying at the maximum rate of climb speed (Vy) you will obtain maximum:

A) altitude in the shortest distance.

B) altitude at maximum boost setting.
C) altitude in the shortest distance and time
D) altitude in the shortest time.

109. In a subsonic flow venturi the relationship between total pressure, static pressure and dynamic
pressure of undisturbed air and air in the throat of will be:

i. Dynamic pressure will be constant, static pressure will decrease

ii. Total pressure will be constant, dynamic pressure will increase

A) both (i) and (ii) are correct

B) (i) is correct and (ii) is incorrect
C) (ii) is correct and (i) is incorrect
D) both (i) and (ii) are incorrect

110. What are the SI units of the following?

A) Density is kilograms per cubic metre, Force is Newton’ s.
B) Density is kilograms per square metre, Force is kilograms.
C) Density is kilograms per Newton, Force is Newton-metre squared.
D) Density is Newton’ s per cubic metre, Force is kilograms.

111. High Aspect Ratio, as compared with low Aspect Ratio, has the effect of:

A) decreasing induced drag and critical angle of attack.

B) increasing induced drag and decreasing critical angle of attack.
C) increasing lift and drag.
D) increasing lift and critical angle of attack

112. A laminar boundary layer is a layer, in which:

A) the temperature varies constantly.

B) the vortices, are weak.
C) no velocity components exist normal to the surface.
D) the velocity is constant.