RWS-MELC - L11 - Text Structures - Description - v2023

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
READING AND WRITING SKILLS

2022-2023

Midterm Period
(Week 5, Session 4)
Lesson 11: TEXT STRUCTURES: DESCRIPTION
Content Standard: The learner realizes that information in a written text may be selected and organized to
achieve a particular purpose.
Competencies:
- The learner critiques a chosen sample of each pattern of development (text structure)
focusing on information selection, organization, and development.
- Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across disciplines.
- Text Structure: Description
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
1. identify and distinguish the different patterns of development (text structure) in writing
across disciplines – with a specific focus on Description;
2. critique a chosen sample of each pattern of development; and
3. apply appropriate use of pattern of development in a written text
INTRODUCTION TO PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING
Every text we encounter or read, especially those that are used and taught in schools, are built in
a way that has a certain structure to it. This structure acts as a “pattern” that we can easily follow.
These patterns allow us to understand a reading material easier and better, because it makes us
feel guided, and not lost, of what we are reading. This “guided” feeling from knowing the pattern
of a text makes us become better aware of the overall flow, direction, and organization of the text
we are tasked to read. Being aware of these things leads to reading with a good comprehension of
the text.
There are different patterns of how a text can be written in. These patterns can be any of the
following: Narration, Description, Definition, Classification (or Exemplification), Comparison and
Contrast, Cause and Effect, Problem-Solution, and Persuasion. We call these as “Patterns of
Development in Writing.”
This lesson will focus on DESCRIPTION as a Pattern of Development in Writing.

kasiglahanvillageshs342562@deped.gov.ph OR 342562@deped.gov.ph / (02) 8296-1534
https://facebook.com/KasiglahanVillageSHS
Phase 1K2, Kasiglahan Village, Brgy. San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY:
MARLON M. DELA ROSA, KVSHS HUMSS TEACHER - v. 2023


2022-2023

Just like story-telling, describing is also an important aspect of how we make sense of the things
around us, and on a larger purpose, of how we make sense of life and the world we live in.
Everyday, we are faced with the need to describe objects, people, animals, events, situations and
even feelings that we encounter. Describing is an essential part of how we communicate better
(whether in voice or in writing) to other people around us. It allows us to communicate clearly and
precisely.
This lesson will help you write description texts that are clear and precise with your choice of
words.
DESCRIPTION
Description gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like.
It appeals to the reader’s SENSES; it makes the reader SEE, HEAR, TASTE, SMELL or FEEL the
subject.
A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer
to paint a picture in the mind of the reader. Literary analyses, descriptive essays, business plans,
laboratory reports and research papers are some examples of writing genres that use a descriptive
text structure.
TYPICALLY, DESCRIPTIONS CAN BE DONE IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
1. Personal/Subjective Description (Describing a person, or describing based on one’s

interpretation of how he or she wants to describe)
2. Objective/Mechanism/Technical Description (Describing specific technicalities about an
object, machine, business plans, laboratory reports, and other high technical things)
3. Literary Description (Is a highly creative way of describing usually used in literary
analyses, descriptive essays and in other genres of Creative Writing)
TIPS IN WRITING QUALITY DESCRIPTION TEXTS
1. Good descriptive writing is has a clear purpose. You need to be clear with your purpose of
describing – is it for personal descriptions, or for objective/mechanical/technical
description, or for literary description? Knowing your purpose helps you adjust your word
choice to fit the level of description you want to achieve.
2. Good descriptive writing is organized. You may achieve clear organization by following a
certain flow like, chronology (time flow or movement), spatial (location) and/or order of
importance. This will help your readers get a “guided” feel of what your descriptions are for.
3. Good descriptive writing is aware of the right words to use depending on your purpose.
Subjective if it is a personal description. Objective if your description is
mechanical/technical and vividly detailed (with some help by using literary devices) if your
description is artistic/creative/literary.



2022-2023

WRITING A DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
There is no one way of doing a description text, but the following formats below can help build a
decently structured description text:
SAMPLE 1 OUTLINE/PATTERN OR STRUCTURE OF A PERSONAL DESCRIPTION
(Citing qualities and describing a person)
I. INTRODUCTION
(Introduce the person and state the reason/s for why there is a need to describe that
person)
II. BODY
(Contains the actual descriptions of a person)
A. External Qualities
(Describe the habits, mannerisms, the person’s aura, etc.)
1. Quality 1
2. Quality 2
3. Quality 3
B. Internal Qualities
(describe the attitude, behavior, characteristics, traits of the person)
1. Quality 1
2. Quality 2
3. Quality 3
III. CONCLUSION
(Summarize your main points in your descriptions and end it nicely!)
* Note: Your personal descriptions on external and internal qualities may be interchanged.
Meaning, you may start with external or internal, it is up to you as the writer. However, most
writers do it this way: external first, then internal. The number of qualities you want to describe
is also up to you as the writer and is up to what is required to you by your teacher.
Sample Personal Description Text:
The Little Girl with a BIG Voice!
Among the popular international music superstars of my generation, Christina Maria Aguilera,
is the one who stood out to me the most. From hitting that “high E above middle C” note to get
her sign a record deal and sing Disney’s Mulan soundtrack “Reflection” in 1997, to inspiring a
whole new generation of artists today (Miley Cyrus, Ariana Grande, Demi Lovato, Dua Lipa, Sam
Smith), she deserves more recognition. As a fan since her “Genie in a Bottle” days, she has been
a constant source of inspiration and strength to me. She has captivated me beyond words with
her presence, musicality, and attitude towards progressive causes.



2022-2023

Christina is an exquisite blend of beauty from a mixed-race ancestry. Her mother is half-
Irish/half-German, while her father is a full-blooded Latino who was born and raised in Ecuador.
This beautiful blend of ancestry gave her that identifiably unique look that easily stands out in a
crowd. Her beauty can effortlessly exude both domineering strength and deceptive sweetness.
She can be an all-American sweetheart with her platinum blond hair, bright blue eyes, coupled
with perfectly shaped lips and nose. But she does not like to play it safe and certainly does not
mind having people talk about her too. For most of her career, she has been known to be one
that is unafraid of expressing herself through her clothing or the lack of it. I could even go as far
as saying she is the Madonna, Cher, or Cyndi Lauper of her generation, for being both
controversial and outrageous at times with how she wants to look. Unfortunately, what she has
so much in beauty, is what does not have much in height. She stands a less-than-average five
feet and two inches tall without the heels. This petite figure of hers earned her that industry
nickname, “a little girl with a big voice.”
Speaking of voice, Christina has been hailed and raved on by critics (such as Rolling Stone
magazine) as one of the greatest vocalists of our time. She has been compared numerous times
to legendary vocalists such as Aretha Franklin, Etta James, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey and
Celine Dion. She is also one of the most versatile in the game for being able to sing just about
any genre there is, and sound authentic at that. Her voice expands multiple octaves in the piano
and has been described in all sorts of ways: from soft, angelic and vulnerable, to raw, gritty and
aggressive. She also makes sure she is in control of her musical direction by producing and
writing almost all her songs. Christina does not care about her image being “clean” or “typical”
either. She is an embodiment of a modern strong female that has always been very vocal in
expressing her truth. She has been consistent in saying she likes writing music that comes from
an authentic place, which is why it also takes her years to come out with new music every time.
Subjects such as acceptance, confidence and owning up your sexuality, self-empowerment, self-
love, domestic violence, and freedom of self-expression are often recurring themes all
throughout her musical catalogue.
Christina is not just a person with an undeniable talent and is definitely more than just your
average entertainer. She is also not your pretty face type of girl-next-door that is just concerned
about taking selfies for likes and make herself look attractive every time in her social media
accounts. More importantly, and I guess not a lot of people know of this, but she is a force of
positive influence to people of all ages. By using her platform (her music), she encourages
people to use their voices too as their main tool to demand and direct the changes we need to
see in our society today. Her release of the iconic 2003 song “Beautiful”, catapulted her as one
of the biggest celebrity allies of equality and human rights today. The song’s lyrics, “I am
beautiful no matter what they say…” and the music video (with two men kissing in public, a
transvestite, misfits, bullying, young people with body image issues, etc.), became the foothold
for many artists (Katy Perry’s “Fireworks” and Lady Gaga’s “Born This Way”) that came after her
to speak of the same issues that our youth struggle with ‘til this day. She actively supports causes
and organizations such as the #MeToo movement, domestic abuse/violence, World Hunger
Relief by the World Food Program, LGBT equality, different HIV/AIDS organizations, and most
recently, the Black Lives Matter movement. She is also one to not shy away from sharing her
experiences of overcoming setbacks, having her fair share of career highs and lows (flopped




2022-2023

albums/poor sales), with the intention of allowing people to properly process failures and defeats
in their own lives.
Personally, Christina’s image, music and thinking, as cliché as this sounds, helped me in
acknowledging and accepting a huge part of who I am as a person today. All of these are the
many reasons why this woman’s star shines the brightest to me. I am sure she will continue to
inspire me for the rest of my life, and as a teacher, I will continue to introduce her to the next
generations of my students who need powerful women to be their role models too.
SAMPLE 2 OUTLINE/PATTERN OR STRUCTURE OF A MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION
(Describing a machine or object)
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Definition of the machine
B. Description of the machine
C. Function of the machine
D. Main parts of the machine
II. BODY
(Contains a part by part description of the machine or object)
A. Main Part 1
1. Subpart 1
2. Subpart 2
C. Main Part 2
1. Subpart 1
2. Subpart 2
a. Sub-subpart 1
b. Sub-subpart 2
3. Subpart 3
III. CONCLUSION
(Summarize your main points in your descriptions and end it nicely!)
* Note: In describing an object/machine part by part, you may start by describing its internal
(inside) parts first and then external (outside) parts next. OR, you may do a top-bottom approach,
start describing each of the parts from the top first, all the way down to the bottom. Or the reverse
of it, which from the foundation upward. You may also do a left to right or right to left description,
or from most important parts to least important.
It is also important that you provide clear specifications and clear pictures of the
machine/instrument and the parts you are describing as an attachment of your descriptive text.
Make sure to use specific, precise and concrete terms.



2022-2023

Sample Personal Description Text:
The Mars Curiosity Rover is a NASA robot designed to explore the planet Mars. This
rover is a car-sized, seven inches tall 6-wheeler robot, with a roughly square chassis that
has several appendages connected to it which contains sensors of various types. The
machine is aimed at travelling around the Gale Crater on Mars to collect data to send
back to Earth. Its mission is to see if Mars could ever have supported life, and if humans
could survive there someday. The main parts of this space exploration rover are main
body, neck and head, the legs, arm, and tail.
The main body protects the computer, electronics and instrument systems. The
“neck and head” are like a mast coming out of the center of the chassis, and this houses
many of the rover’s cameras. The six legs – with a “rocker bogie” design – that are wide
apart, allow all wheels to remain on uneven terrain. The arm, which is roughly 7 ’ long,
(with “shoulder, elbow and wrist” joints), with a “hand” at the end, extends out of the
front of the chassis. This chassis contains many tools for drilling, collecting samples, and
sensory devices amongst others. The “tail” contains radio-isotopic power source that
powers the rover.
The Mars Curiosity Rover may look like a funny or quirky equipment to many of us,
but it could just the tool we need to ensure or see the depths of our survival as the
human race.
- With some information lifted from NASA’s website on the Mars Curiosity Rover
THE ROLE OF DICTION IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
What is Diction?
Diction can be defined as style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by
a speaker or writer.
Diction is one part of a person’s writing Style, the other being Tone. Tone is your attitude in
writing – how you sound like.




2022-2023

A study of diction is the analysis of how a writer uses language for a distinct purpose and effect,
including word choice and figures of speech or other literary devices. Diction separates good
writing from bad writing.
Diction depends on a number of factors:
1. Words have to be right and accurate

2. Words should be easily understandable according to the level of your readers because
proper diction is important to get the message across
Types of Diction
Generally speaking, there are two types of diction – formal and informal:
1. Formal– the academic or literary way of writing

2. Informal–personal way of writing
a. Colloquial (conversational language)

b. Slang (highly informal)
c. Jargon (the special language of a profession, group or organization – lawyer/doctor
talk, technical talk)
In comparison: Formal VS Informal Diction
FORMAL: bug folks job kid boss get across

INFORMAL: germ relatives position child superior communicate
Different Characteristics of Diction
General: look, walk, sit, cry, throw, dog, boy

Specific: gaze, stride, slump, weep, hurl, black Labrador retriever, tall boy
Monosyllabic: single syllable words

Polysyllabic: more than one syllable words
(The greater number of polysyllabic words, the more complex the writing)
Denotative (dictionary meaning/literal meaning): wedding dress, law officer, public servant
Connotative (emotional/symbolic meaning): wedding gown, cop, bureaucrat
Cacophonous words (harsh sounding words): maggot

Euphonious words (pleasant sounding words): butterfly
Abstract words (not material or literal, representing a thought): pleasant tasting

Concrete words (real or actual meaning, specific, not general): sour tasting




2022-2023

After writing your descriptive text, make sure you do a Diction Review of it by asking
yourself the following:
• - Are the words monosyllabic or polysyllabic?

• - Is the diction formal or informal? Colloquial? Slangy? Filled with jargons?
• - Is the language concrete or abstract?
• - Is there a change in the level of diction in the passage?
DESCRIPTION TEXT STRUCTURE EXERCISE 1
Instructions: Using the article on “The Mars Curiosity River”, break down the details of that
article and put it in an online. Use the outline format we have for Mechanism/Technical
Description outline. See how the details of the article match up with the structure of the outline.
You may also download or cut out an image of this rover to include in your answer. Write your
answer in the box below.
Instructions: Using the questions in the diction review, determine the diction type and
characteristics of the previous article about “Christina Aguilera”. Use a Mood Board graphic
organizer to present your answer/work. Make sure to look for Christina’s picture, interviews, and
even music to get a better idea of who she is.
Instructions: Write a personal descriptive text on any of the following subjects:
a. a person you admire (whether living or dead)

b. a favorite family member
c. an inspiring media influencer (like a vlogger, content creator, media personality)
Be sure to follow our format structure and be very particular with your diction in your writing.
Your composition should have about 250 words or above. Write your word count on the lower
right-most corner of your writing and make sure to put this header at the top of your paper.
Name: ______________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

Lesson: ___________________________________ Date: _________ Score: ___________



2022-2023
Make sure to follow the proper conventions of writing such as indentions, spacing and right and
left margins.
Scoring Rubric:
Text Structure: Description Writing Activity

Rating/Scoring System
CRITERIA VERY NEEDS
EXCELLENT GOOD GOOD FAIR IMPROVEMENT
10-9 (20-16) 8-7 (15-11) 6-5 (10-6) 4-3 (5-1) 0-2 (0)
(10) Less than 100 words
About 250+ words 200-249 words 150-199 words 100-149 words
LENGTH were used were used were used were used
were used
Flow of Flow of
Flow of Flow of
ideas/thoughts is ideas/thoughts is
(10) ideas/thoughts is
mostly organized somehow organized
ideas/thoughts is Flow of ideas/thoughts is
completely organized minimally organized not at all organized and
ORGANIZATION and gives a sense of
and still gives a and still gives a
and offers no sense offers no sense of clarity
decent sense of sense of clarity and
& FOCUS clarity and direction to
clarity and direction direction to the text
of clarity and and direction to the text
the text direction to the text
to the text start to finish
Diction is somehow Diction is minimally No precise, vivid, or
Diction is mostly
Diction is precise, precise, vivid and precise, vivid and varying diction is
precise, vivid and
(20) vivid and varying
varying
varying varying observed in the
vocabulary use
LANGUAGE USE Vocabulary use is Vocabulary use is Some vocabulary
Vocabulary use is
appropriate somehow use are Most vocabulary use are
mostly appropriate
appropriate inappropriate inappropriate
No more than one
2-3 punctuation 4-5 punctuation 6-7 punctuation
(10) punctuation mark, More than 8 punctuation
mark, grammar or mark, grammar or mark, grammar or
grammar or spelling mark, grammar or
WRITING error
spelling error spelling error spelling error
spelling error
MECHANICS & Margins and Margins and Margins and
Margins and Margins and indentions
CONVENTIONS indentions are
indentions are indentions are indentions are
are not followed at all
mostly followed somehow followed minimally followed
properly followed
TOTAL
Score: ____ /50


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KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

READING AND WRITING SKILLS

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

INTRODUCTION TO PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING

This lesson will focus on DESCRIPTION as a Pattern of Development in Writing.

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Description gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like.

TYPICALLY, DESCRIPTIONS CAN BE DONE IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:

1. Personal/Subjective Description (Describing a person, or describing based on one’s

TIPS IN WRITING QUALITY DESCRIPTION TEXTS

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

SAMPLE 1 OUTLINE/PATTERN OR STRUCTURE OF A PERSONAL DESCRIPTION

(Citing qualities and describing a person)

Sample Personal Description Text:

The Little Girl with a BIG Voice!

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

SAMPLE 2 OUTLINE/PATTERN OR STRUCTURE OF A MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION

(Describing a machine or object)

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

THE ROLE OF DICTION IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Diction depends on a number of factors:

1. Words have to be right and accurate

1. Formal– the academic or literary way of writing

a. Colloquial (conversational language)

In comparison: Formal VS Informal Diction

FORMAL: bug folks job kid boss get across

Different Characteristics of Diction

General: look, walk, sit, cry, throw, dog, boy

Monosyllabic: single syllable words

Cacophonous words (harsh sounding words): maggot

Abstract words (not material or literal, representing a thought): pleasant tasting

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

• - Are the words monosyllabic or polysyllabic?

DESCRIPTION TEXT STRUCTURE EXERCISE 1

DESCRIPTION TEXT STRUCTURE EXERCISE 2

DESCRIPTION TEXT STRUCTURE EXERCISE 3

Instructions: Write a personal descriptive text on any of the following subjects:

a. a person you admire (whether living or dead)

Name: ______________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Text Structure: Description Writing Activity

KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

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Name: ________________________ Grade & Section: _