Dec 21, 2020

Geometric Progression
Definition and identification: A sequence is said to be Geometric progression
(GP) if its terms increase or decrease by a constant ratio. This ratio is called
common ration and it is generally denoted by r. In any sequence, if the ratio of
two consecutive terms is constant throughout the sequence then the sequence
is a GP.
Example:
(a)1,2,4,8,   
(b)4,12,36,   

(a) It’s a GP with common ratio 2 (b) It’s a GP with common ratio 3.
In general, if we have a sequence u1, u2 , u3 ,   , un , un1,    which is a GP

Then
u2 u3 u
      n1  r
u1 u2 un
 u2  u1r , u3  u2 r ,   , un1  un r

This shows that each succeeding term of a GP can be obtained by multiplying

the previous term by its common ratio r.
The nth term or general term of a GP
If we denote the first term of a GP by a and the common ratio by r then the
general GP will be a, ar , ar 2 , ar 3 ,   
u1  a
u2  ar
u3  ar 2


un  ar n1

Therefore, the required formula for the nth term of any GP is un  a  r n1 .
Example: Identify which of the following sequences are GP and find their nth
term.
(a)6,12,24,   
(b)5,20,80,   
(c)2,3,4,5,   

(a) It’s a GP with common ratio 2 and the first term 6.

un  ar n1  6  2n1
(b) It’s a GP with first term 5 and the common ratio 4.
un  5  4n1

© Not a GP.
Example: In a GP 2,8,32,  find
(a) The nth term (b) The 10th term (c) Is 2048 a term in this sequence?
(a) un  2  4n1
(b) u10  2  49
(c) Let 2048 be nth term of the sequence then
un  2048
2  4n1  2048
4n1  1024  4n1  45  n  1  5  n  6

Note: appropriate window setting is needed to see the graph clearly.

Note: In real life, if there is any quantity increasing or decreasing by a fixed
percentage every time then this phenomenon forms a GP.
Example: Population of lion is increasing in a park by 10% every year. If
population in 2005 was 600 then find the population of lion in 2010.
1
 10 
Population in 2006 = 600 1    600  1.1
 100 
  10 
Population in 2007 = 600  1.11    600  (1.1)
2

 100 

Hence, population in 2010 = 600 1.1  966.30  967

5

Example: The price of a car is depreciating 12% every year. If the price of
the car in 2010 was Rs 800,000. Find the price of the car in 2021.

 12 
The price of the car after 1 year (2011)= 800000 1    800000(0.88)
 100 

 12 
Price after 2 years (2012)= 800000(0.88) 1    800000(0.88)
2

 100 

Price after 11 year in 2021 = 800000(0.88)11  196065

Example: $5000 was invested in an account in the beginning of 2009. If the

account pays an interest 7% yearly and it is calculated in the end of every
year then find the amount in the account in the end of 2015.
Amount in the account in the end of 2009 = 5000(1.07)

Amount in the account in the end of 2010= 5000(1.07)2

Amount in the account in the end of 2015= 5000(1.07)7  8029

Example: $1000 invested in an account in the beginning of 2012 which pays

6% interest per annum. If the interested is compounded half yearly, then
find the amount in the account after 3 years.
6
 3 
A  1000 1    1000(1.03)  1194
6

 100 
Example: Corona virus is spreading in a village which has population 5000 at
the rate of 15% every day. In the beginning there were 100 corona cases on
January 1,2020. Find on which day of January the entire village will get
corona if no vaccine administered.
Let after n days all people get corona virus.
Corona cases on day-2 = 100(1.15)

Corona cases on day-3=100(1.15)2

Corona cases after n days = 100(1.15)n1

100(1.15) n1  5000

(1.15) n1  50

This shows that n  29th day i.e. on 30th January 2020.

Example: A laptop depreciates each year to 80% of its value from the
previous year. When bought the laptop was worth $8000
(a) Find its value after 3 years
(b) How long does it take for the laptop to depreciate to a quarter of its
purchase price?
(a) Value after three years = 8000(0.80)3  4096
(b) Let after n years, it has value 2000.
8000(0.80) n  2000
(0.80) n  0.25

In the 7th year.

Geometric mean:
If three terms a, b, c are in GP then the middle term b is called geometric
mean of a and c.
b c
   b 2  ac  b  ac
a b
Example: If 2k  2,5k  1&10k  2 are three consecutive terms of a GP then
find the value of k.
(5k  1) 2  (2k  2)(10k  2)
25k 2  10k  1  20k 2  4k  20k  4
25k 2  10k  1  20k 2  24k  4
5k 2  14k  3  0
1
k  3, 0.2 
5

Example: If k  4,5k  4, k  20 are in GP then find the value of k.

Sum of first n terms of a GP
Let first term of a GP be a and the common ratio be r then the GP is
a, ar , ar 2 ,   , ar n1 .
Now we will add the first n terms of the GP, we have

sn  a  ar  ar 2      ar n1
rsn   ar  ar 2      ar n1  ar n

On subtracting the above two series, we have

sn  rsn  a  ar n
 sn (1  r )  a(1  r n )
a(1  r n )
 sn  ,r 1
1 r
This is a required formula to find the sum of first n terms of any GP whose
first term is a and r is the common ratio.
When r=1, the series will turn sn  a  a      a  na

Example: Find the sum of first 10 terms of a GP 3,12,48,   .

3(1  410 )
s10   (1  410 )  410  1
1 4
un  3  4n1 GDC
Example: Find the sum of all the terms of the GP 1,5,25,125,   ,78125.
Let the last term be its nth term.
un  78125
1  5n1  78125
5n1  57  n  1  7  n  8
1(1  58 ) 1 8
 s8   (5  1)
1 5 4
Example: Rohan saves $1 in the first week, $2 in the second week and $4 in
the third week and so on, in GP. Sohan saves $10 in the first week, $15 in
read 20
the second week, $30 in the third week and so on, in AP. After how many
weeks Rohan have saved more than Sohan?
Let after n weeks Rohan saved more money than Sohan.

Money saved by Rohan after n weeks = 2n  1

n n
Money saved by Sohan after n weeks =  20  (n  1)  5  5n  15
2 2
n
2n  1  5n  15
2

After 8 weeks Rohan will save more than Sohan.

Example: Abhay and Boby begin a training program. In the first week Boby
will run 10 km, in the second week he will run 11 km and in the third week
12 km in an AP. Abhay will run 5 km in the first week and will increase his
distance by 20% in each succeeding week.
(a) When does Abhay’s weekly distance first exceed Boby’s?
(b) When does Abhay’s total distance first exceed Boby’s?
(a)

Abhay: 5,5(1.2),5(1.2)2 ,   ,5(1.2)n1

Boby: 10,11,12,   , n  9
Let after n weeks the weekly distance of Abhay is more than Boby.

5(1.2)n1  n  9

After 8 weeks.
(b)
Let after n weeks the total distance of Abhay is more than Boby.
5(1  (1.2) n ) n n
  2  10  (n  1)  (n  19)
1  1.2 2 2
5((1.2)n  1) n
 (n  19)
0.2 2
n
25((1.2)n  1)  (n  19)
2

After 12 weeks.
Calculation of real value of an investment
Inflation: It is the rate at which the value of a currency is falling and
subsequently the general level of prices for goods and services is increasing.
Also, inflation is the decline of purchasing power of a given currency over
time. For example, the goods which we can buy in Rs 1000 today will not be
possible to buy after three years or so. It is because the prices of goods will
increase in three years’ time. It is given in terms of percentage.
Hence, any investment which grows with some fixed percentage will have
real value lesser than what we receive the amount after maturity because
of certain inflation. Real value of the investment P which grows at the rate
of r% per annum and there is inflation i% per year will be
n
 r 
P 1  
Real value of the investment =  100 
n
 i 
1  
 100 
Example: Find real value of the investment of Rs 5000 after 6 years in an
account which pays 7% interest per annum compounded annually and if
there is inflation of 2% per year.
6
 7 
5000 1  
Real value =  100 
 6663.02
6
 2 
1  
 100 
Example: If real value of an investment Rs 1000 is Rs 1260 approx after 6
years at the rate of 6% interest compounded annually. Find the rate of
inflation per year.
1000(1.06)6
1260 
i 6
(1  )
100
1000(1.06)6
 (1  i ) 
6
 1.12581
1260
1
i
1  (1.12581) 6  1.01995
100
i  1.995  2%
Sum of infinite terms of a GP
Earlier we derived a formula to calculate the sum of first n terms of a GP
and now we will explore the formula to calculate the sum of infinite terms
of a GP. Sum of infinite terms of any GP is possible only when it is
decreasing and its common ratio r lies between -1 and 1.

a(1  r n )
As sn 
1 r
When n is infinite or n   then r n  0 provided 1  r  1 or r  1. For

1 1
example, r      0 .
2 2
The above formula for the sum of first n terms changes as follow when
n   and r n  0 , we have
a
s  , 1  r  1
1 r
This is required formula to find the sum of infinite terms of any GP.
In other words, we can say that sum of any infinite GP approaches
a
to/converges to when r lies between -1 and 1.
1 r
1 1
Example: Find the sum of infinite terms of a GP 1, , ,   
2 4
1
Here r  which lies between -1 and 1. Hence, sum of infinite terms will
2
exist.
1
 s  2
1
1
2
Hence, this series converges to 2 (sum approaches to 2)
Assuming three terms in GP when their product is given
a
Three terms in GP can be assumed , a, ar when their product is given.
r
This will reduce our calculations and we immediately get the value of a.
Example: Find three terms in GP such that their product is 27 and sum 15.
a
Let three terms in GP be , a, ar .
r
a
 a  ar  27  a 3  27  a  3
r
a 3 1
 a  ar  15   3  3r  15   1  r  5
r r r
r  r  1  5r
2

r 2  4r  1  0

r  2  3,2  3
3
,3,3(2  3)
2 3
or
3
2 3

,3,3 2  3 
8
Example: Find the sum of infinite terms of a GP 9  6  4     
3
6 2
Here a  9 & r   which lies between -1 and 1.
9 3
a 9 3 27
 S    9   =5.4
1 r  2  5 5
1  
 3 
Hence this series converges to 5.4
Example: Use an infinite GP to express the 0.3 in the form of fraction.
0.333333    0.3  0.03  0.003  0.0003    
3 3 3
      
10 100 1000
1
1 1 1  1 1
 3         3  10  3  
 10 100 1000  1
1 9 3
10
Applications of GP in finance.
Instalment: It is very common now, when money borrowed is repaid in
small monthly amount called instalment instead of entire money together.
This process is followed in banks when money borrowed as a loan like
housing loan, foreign trip loan, foreign education loan or any expensive
item is bought and money repaid in instalment rather entire money
together. In this process the monthly instalment which the customer has to
pay per month can be calculated as follows.
Let the amount borrowed is P for n months to repay and the rate of interest
charged be r% per year and it is calculated in the end of every month. Let
the instalment paid every month be m (usually in the beginning of every
month). Let B(n) be the variable defined as the balance after n months.
B(0)  P
B(1)  P(1  r )  m
B(2)   P(1  r )  m  (1  r )  m
 P(1  r ) 2  m(1  r )  m
B(3)   P(1  r ) 2  m(1  r )  m  (1  r )  m
 P(1  r )3  m(1  r ) 2  m(1  r )  m



B(n)  P (1  r ) n  m(1  r ) n1  m(1  r ) n2      m
 P(1  r ) n  m 1  (1  r )       (1  r ) n1 
1  (1  r ) n  1  (1  r ) n 
 P(1  r ) n  m    P (1  r ) n
 m  
 1  (1  r )   r 
1  (1  r ) n 
B(n)  P (1  r )  m 
n

 r 
Balance after n months would be zero as entire amount is paid.
B ( n)  0
1  (1  r ) n 
P(1  r )  m 
n
0
 r 
 P(1  r ) n
rP(1  r ) n
m 
1  (1  r ) n  (1  r ) n  1
 
 r 
Where r is the monthly rate of interest and n is time in months.
Example: Rs 1680,000 borrowed from bank as home loan. If the rate of
interest is 10.5% per annum, then find the monthly instalment. It is decided
that money to repay in 15 years.
P  16,80000
10.5
r%   0.00875
12  100
n  15 years  180months
 rP(1  r )n 0.00875  1680000(1  0.00875)180
m    18570 per month
(1  r )n  1 (1  0.00875)180  1
Superannuation
It is a continuous investment in an account on a fixed date of a month i.e.
monthly or can be yearly. Account pays some rate of interest r% per
annum. We need to calculate the total money in the account after n years.
Let P be the amount invested in the beginning of every year and interest r%
is paid in the end of the year. Let this process continued for n years. The
total amount in the account will be calculated as follows;
Amount P invested in the first year remains in the account for n years.
n
 r 
Hence, the money P invested in the first year grows to P 1  
 100 
Amount P invested in the beginning of the second year remains in the account
for (n-1) years and grows at the rate of r% per year. Hence, the second amount
n 1
 r 
invested becomes P 1  
 100 
And so on the last amount invested in the account remains in the account for
 r 
just one year and converts to P 1  
 100 
Hence, total money in the account
2 n
 r   r   r 
P 1    P 1        P 1  
 100   100   100 
  r   r    
n
r   r 
n

 P 1  
 1  1       P  1  
  1    1  
  100    100      100    100  
   
 r  r
 1  1     
  100    100 

Example: Tia saves Rs 12000 every year on her birthday Jan 1 starting from
2010. If account pays 6% interest per annum, then find the total money in her
account after 10 years.
Using above formula, it is 1,67,659 approx.
Special case: It is possible that recurring deposit is done at the end of every
year for n years. In this case the first money deposited in the account will
remain in the account for (n-1) years and the last money deposited will not
earn any interest. Hence, GP in this case will be
n 1 n2
 r   r 
P 1   , P 1   ,   , P
 100   100 
Total money in the account would be
2 n 1
 r   r   r 
P  P 1    P 1        P 1  
 100   100   100 
 r 
n
  r 
n

P  1       
  100    100 
1 P 1 1

    
r r
1 1
100 100
Example: A family decide to save some money in an account that pays 7%
annual compounded interest calculated at the end of each year. They put
$2000 into the account at the beginning of each year. No withdrawal made and
all interest added. How much money will they have in the account on the day
they have made their tenth payment.
First $2000 remains in the account for 9 years and hence it becomes
2000(1.07)9

The last payment is simply made and it will not earn any interest.
Required GP would be

2000(1.07)9 ,2000(1.07)8 ,   ,2000

Total money in the account will be

2000  2000(1.07)      2000(1.07)9

s10  2000
1.07 10
 1
 $27632.89
1.07  1
 Worksheet-1 (skill building)
1. Find the first term, common ratio and the 7th terms of the following GP.

(a)1,3,9,27,   
4 16
(b)1, , ,   
5 25
2. Find the nth term of the following GP and the sum of first 10 terms.
(a)1  4  16    
(b)2  10  50    
3. Product of three terms in GP is 64 and sum of their product in pair is 40. Find the
three numbers.
4. The value of a car depreciates 10% every year. If the value of the car in the beginning
is Rs 900000 then find
(a) The value of the car after 8 years.
(b) How long does it take to reduce the price the half of the original price?
5. A ball bounces two-third of its previous height after each bounce. If it falls from a
height of 12 meters, find the height of the ball after its 5 th bounce. Also, find the
total distance covered by the ball before it comes to rest.
6. A square has a side length 4 meters. If another square is formed by joining the mid-
points of this square and this process is continued indefinitely, find the sum of the
areas of all the squares so formed.
7. A swinging pendulum covers 32 cm in its first swing, 24 cm in its second swing, 18 cm
on its third swing and so on. What is the total distance pendulum swings before
coming to rest?
27
8. The sum of an infinite GP is and sum of first three terms is 13. Find the sum of
2
first five terms.
9. Find the real value of an investment of Rs 6000 in an account which pays 5% rate of
interest compounded annually after 10 years. The inflation per year is 3%.
10. If 1  r  r      3 then find the value of r.
2

***
 Worksheet-2 (moderate level)
1. A GP has a first term 7 and common ratio of 1.1. How many terms must be taken
before the value of the term exceeds 1000?
2. A colony of algae increases in size by 15% per week. If 10 grams of algae are placed
in a lake, find the weight of algae that will present in the lake after 12 weeks. The
lake will be considered seriously polluted when there is in excess of 10000 grams of
algae in the lake. How long will it be before the lake becomes seriously polluted?
3. A $10,000 loan is offered on the following terms: 12% annual interest on the
outstanding debt calculated monthly. The required monthly repayment is $270. How
much will still be owing after nine months.
4. The cost of erecting the groud floor of a buiding is $44000, for erecting the first floor
it costs $46200, to erect the second floor costs 48510 and so on.
(a) How much will it cost to erect the 5th floor.
(b) What will be the total cost of erecting the building with six floors?
5. A rubber ball dropped from a height of 10 m and bounces to reach 5/6 of the
previous height after each rebound. Let un is the ball’s maximum height before its
nth rebound.
(a) Find an expression for un
(b) How high the ball bounce after its 5th rebound?
(c) How many times the has the ball bounced by the time it reaches a maximum
6250
height of m?
1296
6. The sum of first and third terms of a GP is 40 while the sum of its second and fourth
terms is 96. Find the 7th term of the sequence.
7. A GP has a third term of 300, and the sixth term of 37500. Find the common ratio
and the sum of first 10 terms.
s3 125
8. If  , find the common ratio of the GP.
s6 152
9. Find the sum of n terms of the following series
(a)6  66  666    
(b)0.7  0.77  0.777    
10. An equilateral triangle has side length 24 cm. Mid-points are joined to form another
equilateral triangle and this process is continued indefinitely. Find the sum of
perimeters of all the triangles so formed.

***
 Worksheet-3 (High)
1.
(a)
The fifth, ninth and eleventh terms of a GP are also the 7 th, 25th and 49th terms of an AP
with non-zero common difference.

Show that 3R  7 R  4  0 ,where R is the common ratio of the GP and determine if

6 4

the GP is convergent.
(b)
A semi-circle with radius 12 cm cut into 8 sectors whose areas follow a GP. The first sector
which is largest has an area of A square cm, the second sector has an area of Ar, the third
2
has an area Ar and so on. Where r is a positive constant. Given that total area of odd
numbered sectors is 10 cm more than that of the even numbered sectors, find the values
2

of A and r.
© The production levels of coal mine in any year is 4% less than in the previous year. Show
that total production of the coal mine can never exceed 25 times the production of the first
year.
2.
The sum of first 100 terms of an AP is 10,000. The first, second and 5 th terms of this
progression are three consecutive terms of a GP. Find the first term and common difference
of AP.
3. An AP has first term of a and common difference d, where both are non-zero. The first,
third and seventh terms of AP are three consecutive terms of a GP with common ratio r.

(i) show that r  2

(ii) The first term of GP is one-tenth that is the first term of AP. Find the smallest value of
n such that the sum of first n terms of GP exceeds the sum of first 2n terms of AP.
(iii) A ball rebounds three-fifth of the height from which it fell. It is initially dropped from
a height of h meter above the ground.
(a) Find the distance travelled by the ball just before it strikes the floor for the third time
in terms of h.
(b) Show that total distance travelled by the ball cannot exceed 4h meters.
4. A finite AP has n terms and common difference d. The first term is 1 and the sum of
the last 5 terms exceeds the sun of first 4 terms by 193.

(i) show that 5nd  21d  192  0

(ii) Given that 6th term is 16, find n
5. Rani was given 10 stickers for her birthday. She then starts buy stickers for a total period
of 52 weeks. The number of stickers which she buys each week is 2 more than the number
she bought the previous week.
(i) If she bought 70 stickers in the 26th week, find the number of stickers she would have
at the end of 52 weeks.
(ii) If she can afford to buy 420 stickers in the last 4 weeks, find the maximum number of
stickers she can buy in the first week.

6. The sum of first n terms of a sequence is denoted by Sn . Given that Sn  e  1 .

n

(i) Prove that sequence is a GP.

n
(ii) Find s
r 1
r

7. A pendulum is swinging so that the distances of successive swings are in GP. The distance
covered by the first swing (from left to right) is 7 cm. and the distance covered by the
7
subsequent swing (from right to left) is of the distance of the previous swing. Find
8
(a) The distance covered by the nth swing.
(b) The least number of swings needs for the total distance to exceed 95% of the total
distance the pendulum covers before coming to rest.
8. A convergent GP has a positive first term a and the common ratio r while AP has a
common difference d. The second and third term of GP is the first and fourth term of AP. It
is also given that the first term of GP is equal to the sum of first 4 odd numbered terms in
the AP.

1
(a) by expressing the first term of AP in terms of a and r, show that r 
2

4
(b) It is given that sum to infinity of GP is less than a.
find the value of r, justifying your answer.
9. (a) A company predicts a yearly profit of $100000 in the year 2013. The company also
predicts that the yearly profit will rise each year by 5%.
(i) Show that the predicted profit in 2015 is $110250.
(ii) find the first year in which the predicted profit exceeds $200000.
10.
During a promotion , a bank offers an interest free loan for the first three months.
Thereafter, interest is charged at the end of each month on the outstanding amount
at 1% per month. John borrows $30000 from the bank and pays back a fixed amount
$x at the neginning of each month, starting from the first month.
(i) Find in terms of x the amount he owes after the third payment.
(ii) Show that the amount he owes after the fifth payment is
(1.01)2 (30000)  (1.01)2 (3x)  1.01x  x
(iii) Find the amount he owes after the nth payment. Simplifying your answer in
terms n and x and using GP sum formula.
(iv) If the loan is full repaid in 60 repayments, find the amount of each monthly
payment.
11.
A fund is started at $6000 and compound interest of 3% added to the fund at the
end of each year. If withdrawals of $k are made at the beginning of each of the
subsequent years, show that the amount in the fund at the beginning of the
(n  1)th year is
100
(180  k )(1.03) n  k 
3
(i) It is given that k  400 . At the beginning of which year for the first time will
the amount in the fund be less than $1000.
(ii) If the fund is fully withdrawn at the beginning of 16th year, find the least
value of k in the nearest integer.

***
 Worksheet-1 (Answers)
n1
1. (a) a  1, r  3, un  3 , u7  36
n 1 6
4 4 4
(b) a  1, r  , un    , u7   
5 5 5
a (1  r n ) 410  1
2. (a) a  1, r  4, sn   s10 
1 r 3
2(1  510 )
(b) a  2, r  5, n  10, s10 
1 5
a
3. Let three terms be , a, ar
r
a
 a  ar  64  a 3  64  a  4
r
a a
 a  a  ar  ar   40
r r
1 40 40 5
  r 1 2  
r a 16 2
 2r 2  3r  2  0
1
r  2,
2
Therefore, three numbers are 2,4,8 or 8,4,2

4. (a) P  900,000, r  10%

Value of the car after one year = 900,000(0.90)

2
Value of the car after two years = 900,000(0.90)

n
Value of the car after n years = 900,000(0.90)

Value of the car after 8 years = 900,000(0.90)  387420.50

8

(b)Let after n years the value of the car is half of the value of the original price.

450,000  900000(0.90) n
1
 (0.90) n
2
n  6.57
So, in the 7th year the value of the car will be half of the value of the original price.
5.

2
Height after first bounce = 12 
3
2
2
Height after the second bounce = 12   
3
n
2
Height after nth bounce = 12   
3
5
2
12     1.58m
3
(b)
Total distance covered = Except the first, every distance will be covered twice.
2
 2
 12 
2 2 3  60m
12  2 12   12          12  2 
 3 3  2
  1
3
6.

Area of the first square = 4  16

2

 8
2
Area of the second square = 8

Area of the third square (side length 2)= 4

 sum  16  8  4    
16
  32sqm
1
1
2
7.

32  24  18    
32
s   128m
3
1
4
8.
Let GP be

a, ar , ar 2 ,   
a 27 13
  , a  ar  ar 2  13  a 
1 r 2 1 r  r2
13 27 13 27 1
    r
(1  r )(1  r  r ) 2
2
1 r 3
2 3
  1 5 
9 1    
  3   27 
1 
5


a

27
 a  9  s5     1    
1
1 2
1
1 2   3  
3 3

9.
n 10
 r   5 
P 1   6000 1  
Real value of the investment =
 100 
  100 
 7272.30
n 10
 i   3 
1   1  
 100   100 
10.

1 2
 3 r 
1 r 3
 Worksheet-2 (Answers)
1.

a  7, r  1.1
un  7  (1.1)n1
Let nth term be more than 1000.

 7  (1.1)n1  1000
n  54th
Verify using table function in GDC.
2.

Algae after one week = 10(1.15)

2
Algae after 2 weeks = 10(1.15)
n
Algae after n weeks = 10(1.15)

 algae after 12 weeks = 10(1.15)12  53.5gm

Let after n weeks’ lake gets seriously polluted

 10(1.15) n  10000
 n  50
Use table function to verify.
3.

P  10,000, r  1% per month and m  270

B (1)  10000(1.01)  270
B (2)  10000(1.01)  270 (1.01)  270
 10000(1.01) 2  270(1.01)  270
B (3)  
10000(1.01)  270(1.01)  270 
2
  (1.01)  270
 10000(1.01)3  270(1.01) 2  270(1.01)  270


B (9)  10000(1.01)9  270(1.01)8  270(1.01)7      270
 ((1.01)9  1) 
 10000(1.01)9  270    $8407.35
 1.01  1 
4.

44000,46200,48510,  

(a )un  ar n1  44000(1.05) n1

u6  44000(1.05)5  56156
(b)
44000((1.05)6  1)
n  6, s6   $299284
1.05  1
5.
2
5 5
10,10  ,10    ,   
6 6
n 1
5
(a)un  10  
6
5
5
(b)10    4.02
6
n 1
5 6250
(c)10   
6 1296
n5
6.
Let GP be

a, ar , ar 2 ,   
a  ar 2  40
ar  ar 3  96
Solving simultaneously, we have

12 1000
r ,a 
5 169
6
1000  12 
u7     1130.78
169  5 
7.

u3  ar 2  300, u6  ar 5  37500
u3 ar 2 300 1 300
 5   r  5, a   12
u6 ar 37500 125 25
 s10  3(510  1)

8. Let GP be a, ar , ar , ar ,   
2 3

a(1  r 3 )
 1 r 6 
s3 125
s6 a(1  r ) 152
1 r
1  r 125
3
1  r3 125 1 125 3
     r
1  r 152
6
(1  r )(1  r ) 152 1  r 152
3 3 3
5
9.
(a)

6  66  666    
6
 9  99  999     
9
6
  (10  1)  (100  1)  (1000  1)     nterms 
9
6 6 10(10n  1) 
 (10  10  10    )  n   
2 3
 n
9 9  10  1 
(b)

0.7  0.77  0.777    

7
  0.9  0.99  0.999     
9
7
  (1  0.1)  (1  .01)  (1  .001)     
9
7 7 0.1((0.1) n  1) 
  n  (0.1  0.01  0.001     nterms)    n  
9 9 0.1  1 
10.

Use mid-point theorem to get the sides of all the triangles.

Perimeter of the first triangle = 72 cm
Perimeter of the second triangle = 36 m
Perimeter of the third triangle = 18 cm.
Infinite GP will be

72,36,18,   
a 72
S    144 cm
1 r 1 1
2
***
 Worksheet-3 (Answers)
1.
(a) Let first term and common ratio of GP be a and R respectively. The first term and
common difference of AP be A and D.

aR 4  A  6 D    (1)
aR8  A  24 D    (2)
aR10  A  48D    (3)
Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously, we have

aR8  aR 4
D    (4)
18
Putting this value of D in (1), we have

4aR 4  aR8
A    (5)
3
Now putting A and D from equation (4) and (5) in equation (3), we have

4aR 4  aR8 (aR8  aR 4 )

aR  10
 48 
3 18
3aR10  7aR8  4aR 4
3R10  7 R8  4 R 4
 3R10  7 R8  4 R 4  0
R 4 (3R 6  7 R 4  4)  0
 (3R 6  7 R 4  4)  0

The roots of this equation are 1,  2

Hence, the GP is not convergent as all values of R are beyond -1 and 1.

(b)
Let area of eight sectors be

A, Ar , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 , Ar 5 , Ar 6 , Ar 7
Given that

A  Ar 2  Ar 4  Ar 6  10  Ar  Ar 3  Ar 5  Ar 7
1  r 8  1  r 8 
A 2
 10  Ar  2
1  r  1  r 
1  r 8  1  r 8 
A 2
 Ar  2
 10
1  r  1  r 
1  r 8 
2 
A 1  r   10
1  r 
10 (1  r )
 A    (1)
1  r8
Also, sum of all areas of sectors will be equal to area of semicircle.

1
A(1  r  r 2      r 7 )    122
2
1  r 8 
A
   72
 1 r 
72 (1  r )
 A    (2)
1  r8
By equation (1) and (2), we have

10 (1  r ) 72 (1  r )

1  r8 1  r8
 10(1  r )  72(1  r )
 10  10r  72  72r
 82r  62
62 31
r 
82 41
Now putting the value of r in equation (1), we have
  31 
10 1  
10 (1  r )  41   61.76
A 
1 r 8
 31 
8

1  
 41 
©
Let production in the first year be P
Total production will be

P  0.96 P  (0.96) 2 P    
P
Total   25P
1  0.96
Hence total production cannot exceed the 25 times of the production in the first year.
2.
Let AP be

a, a  d , a  2d , a  3d ,   
s100  10,000
50 2a  99d   10,000
2a  99d  200  (1)
a, a  d , a  4d are in GP, we have

( a  d ) 2  a ( a  4d )
d  2a    (2)
Putting the value of d in equation (1), we have

2a  198a  200  a  1& d  2

3.

a, a  2d , a  6d are in GP, we have

( a  2d ) 2  a ( a  6d )
a  2d
a  2d 4d
(i )r   2
a 2d
(ii)
Let first term of GP be A and the first term of AP be a.

a
A
10
Sum of first n terms of GP, we have

A(1  r n ) 1  2 n 
sn  = A(2  1)
n
= A 
1 r  1 2 
Sum of first 2n terms of AP,

 2a  (2n  1)d   n 2a  (2n  1)  

2n a
s2 n 
2  2
Sn  S2 n
1  a
a(2n  1)  n  2a  (2n  1)  
10  2
 3
0.1(2n  1)  n  n  
 2
n  11(GDC )
(iii)
(a)

3
Height after first strike = h
5
2
3
Height after second strike =   h
5
Total distance travelled before 3rd strike will be,

3  3   73
2

h  2  h    h   h  2.92h
 5  5   25
(b)
Total distance travelled before coming to rest, we have

 3 
3 3
2
  5h 
h  2  h    h       h  2    4h
 5  5  
3
1  
 5
Hence, total distance travelled cannot exceed 4 times the height h.
4.
(a)
(i)
Let common difference be d and the first term is 1, n is the number of terms.
Sum of last five terms, we have

s5  1  (n  1)d  1  (n  2)d      1  (n  5)d

 5  5nd  15d
Sum of first four terms, we have

s4  1  1  d  1  2d  1  3d  4  6d
5  5nd  15d  4  6d  193
5nd  21d  192  0    (1)
(ii) u6  1  5d  16  d  3

Putting d=3 in equation (1), we have

15n  63  192  0
n  17
5.
(i)

Let stickers bought in 52 weeks be a, a  d , a  2d ,   , a  51d

u26  a  25d  70, d  2

a  50  70
 a  20
s52  26  2  20  51  2  3692

Hence, total stickers after 52 weeks will be 3692  10  3702

(ii)

u52  u51  u50  u49  420

a  51d  a  50d  a  49d  a  48d  420
4a  420  198d  420  198  2  24
a6
6.
(i)

sn  en  1
u1  s1  e  1
u2  s2  s1  (e2  1)  (e  1)  e(e  1)
u3  s3  s2   e3  1  (e2  1)  e2 (e  1)
 sequence, we have
e  1, e(e  1), e2 (e  1),   
It’s a GP with common ratio e.
(ii)
n

s
r 1
r  s1  s2  s3      sn  e  1  e 2  1  e3  1      e n  1

 (e  e 2      e n )  n
e(en  1)
 n
e 1
7.
2
7 7
7,7  ,7    ,   
8 8
n 1
7
(a)un  7   
8
(b)
Let after n swings,

sn  0.95  s
  7 n 
7 1    
 8 
    0.95  7
7 7
1 1
8 8
n
7
 1     0.95
8
 n  23(GDC )
8.
Let first term and common ratio of GP be a and r respectively. Also, first term and common
difference pf AP be A and D.

ar  A, ar 2  A  3D
a  A  A  2 D  A  4 D  A  6 D  4 A  12 D
a  4ar  4(ar 2  ar )
1
 4r 2  1  r 2 
4
(b)

s  a
a
a
1 r
1
r 0 r 
2
9.
(a)

2013:100,000
2014 :100000(1.05)
2015 :100000(1.05) 2  110250
un  100000(1.05) n1
(b)
Let after n years the profit be 200000

100000(1.05)n1  200000
(1.05)n1  2
n  16(GDC )

10.
Let B(n) be balance after n months.
(i)

B(1)  30000  x
B(2)  30000  2 x
B(3)  30,000  3x
(ii)

B(4)  (30,000  3 x)(1.01)  x

B(5)   (30,000  3 x)(1.01)  x  (1.01)  x
 30,000(1.01) 2  3 x(1.01) 2  1.01x  x
(iii)

B(n)  30000(1.01) n3  (1.01) n3 (3 x)  (1.01) n4 x  (1.01) n5 x     x

B(n)  30000(1.01) n3  (1.01) n3 (3 x)  x 1  (1.01)  (1,01) 2      (1.01) n4 

n 3 n 3  (1.01) n3  1 
B(n)  30000(1.01)  (1.01) (3 x)  x  
 1.01  1 
B(60)  0
0  30000(1,01)57  (1.01)57 (3 x)  100 x (1.01)57  1
(1.01)57 (3 x)  100 x (1.01)57  1  30000(1.01) 57
30000(1.01)57
x  $648.128
(1.01)57 (3)  100 (1.01)57  1
11.

Amount at the beginning of year 1 = 6000

Amount at the beginning of year 2 = 6000(1.03)  k

Amount at the beginning of year 3 = 6000(1.03)  k (1.03)  k

2

n1
Amount at the beginning of (n+1)th year , 6000(1.03)  (1.03)
n
k  (1.03)n2 k    k

 6000(1.03)n  k 1  1.03      (1.03)n1 

 (1.03)n  1
 6000(1.03)  k 
n

 1.03  1 
 (1.03)n  1 
 6000(1.03)  100k 
n

 3 
100
 180(1.03)n  k (1.03)n  k 
3
100
 (180  k )(1.03)n  k 
3
(ii)
When

k  400
100
(180  400)(1.03)n  400   1000
3
400  220(1.03)n  30
37
 (1.03) n 
22
n  18  19th year
(iii)

n  1  16  n  15
100
(180  k )(1.03)15  k   0
3
k  $503(GDC )

***