A Detailed Lesson Plan in Reading and Writing Skills for Grade 11 Teachers

Prepared by: Vanessa Jay T. Donato

I. Objective

Within the given period, the students are expected to do the following with at least 75%
accuracy:
1. determine ways on how explicit and implicit information is stated in the text.
2. identify the types of claims of fact presented in a reading selection.
3. construct sentences and paragraphs expressing claims of fact effectively.
II. Subject Matter
A. Topic: Identify Claims Explicitly and Implicitly in a Written Text: Claim of Fact.
B. References: Reading and Writing Q1-M14
C. Materials: PowerPoint presentation

III. Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

A. Preparatory Activity
Prayer
Class, let us all stand and put ourselves in Juan will lead the prayer.
the presence of the Lord as we pray. Juan,
please lead the prayer.

Greetings
Good morning, ma’am.
Good morning, class.

Checking of Attendance
Nobody is absent ma’am.
Is there any absent for today’s class?
Very good! Perfect attendance for today.

Review of the Past Lesson

What was the last meeting’s topic?
We learned about one of the properties of
well-written text, the mechanics. It is
characterized as a set of conventions on
how to spell, punctuate, capitalize, and
abbreviate a composition.
 B. Motivation
The Small Key (Excerpt)
by Paz Latorena
On the porch, a woman past her early
twenties stood regarding the scene before
her with eyes made incuriously by its
familiarity. All around her the land stretched
endlessly it seemed and vanishes into the
distance. There were dark, newly plowed
furrows where in due time timorous seedling
would give rise to sturdy stalks and golden
grain, to a rippling yellow sea in the wind
and sun during harvest time. A promise of
plenty and reward for hard toil! With a sigh
of discontent, however, the woman turned
and entered a small dining room where a
man sat over a belated midday meal.
The woman
At the porch
Comprehension Response
A vast rice field.
1. Who is the character of the story?
2. Where is the location of the story? Planting time
3. What did the woman see in front of
her?
4. In the excerpt, what time of the year
is it in the farm?

Pre-Test
Directions: Read the sentences taken from
the excerpt. On the space provided below,
put a check mark (/)if the statement is 1. /
explicit (directly stated) and cross mark (x)
if implicit (indirectly stated). 2. x

1. The woman is standing on the porch. 3. /

2. She is twenty-six years old. 4. x

3. There were dark, newly plowed furrows. 5. x

4. Planted on those furrows is the vast rice

plantation.
5. The man is eating his late lunch.

The next lesson would help you develop

other skills necessary in critical reading that
would eventually lead to critical thinking.

C. Discussion
Identify claims explicitly or implicitly
made in a written text.
Information or statement directly stated in
the text is called explicit statement, while
information or statement indirectly stated in
the text is called implicit statement.

On the pretest above, the five sentences are

all stated in the excerpt. Numbers 1 and 3
are explicit or directly stated while numbers
2, 4 and 5 are implicit or indirectly stated.
Let us take a look at the sentences again.
1. The woman is standing on the porch.
3. There were dark, newly plowed furrows.

Sentences 1 and 3 are obviously stated

directly in the paragraph. So how would we
know that sentences 2, 4, and 5 are also
stated in the paragraph?
In sentence number 2 “She is twenty-six
years old”, the clue is in the phrase “a
woman past her early twenties…” This
would mean past twenty-five, so we can
infer that she is twenty-six.
In sentence number 4, we can infer a rice
plantation from the clues sturdy stalks and
golden grain and yellow sea in the wind and
sun during harvest time. And vast was
implied and stated from the phrase land
stretched endlessly, it seemed, and vanishes
into the distance.

And in sentence 5, we can infer from the

phrase a belated midday meal, a late lunch.
From the examples given, you are now able
to distinguish between explicit and implicit
statement. Knowing how to identify explicit
and implicit information would help you
evaluate a claim made by an author or
writer.
Evaluating claim is one of the most
important skills needed in critical reading. In
this lesson, you will learn how to identify
the different claims made in the written text.

What is a Claim?
Claim is the writer’s point or position
regarding a specific topic. It is the central
argument in the text where the writer tries to
prove by providing explanation,
justification, and evidence.
For example, in an article published by
GMA Online entitled ‘Robredo firm on
unconstitutionality of anti-terror bill’, Vice
President Leni Robredo pointed out that the
Anti-terror bill is unconstitutional.
So, the statement ‘Anti-terror bill is
unconstitutional’ is a claim, in which the
speaker believes in, and in saying so, she
provides justification on it.
Here are some examples:
1. COVID-19 can be transmitted through air.
2. An individual could still be called
Filipino though he/she is not born in the
Philippines.
3. Wearing of mask outside home should be
required to protect every individual from
acquiring the virus.
4. Social distancing is important during the
coronavirus pandemic.

Statements above are writer’s position that

can be refuted by others and defended by the
author based on data or evidence.

Good claims have the following

characteristics:
1. Argumentative and debatable - triggers
readers/listeners to raise objections
2. Specific and focused – has direction and
clear connection
3. Interesting and engaging – encourages the
readers to consider the writer’s perspective
4. Logical – results from reasonable
weighing of support provided

There are three types of claim that you, as a

reader, needs to identify and distinguish one
from the other. One of those is the claim of
fact.
Claim of fact is a statement that report,
describe, predict, and make causal claims.
 It asserts that something has existed,
exists, or will exist based on the data.
 It relies on reliable sources or systematic
procedure to be validated through science or
history.

The following are the characteristics of

claim of fact:
 Arguable/ debatable
 Can be objectively proven.
 Based on reasonable inference.
 Can be justified and validated.
Example: You could be called Filipino even
if you’re not born in the Philippines.

Do you agree or not?

Based on the definition and characteristics
of the claim of fact, let us
consider the following examples.
1. The death penalty does not deter crime.
 It reports
 It can be refuted and justified
 It can be proven
2. Violence on television influences children
to behave violently.
 It makes causal claim
 It can be validated
 It can be proven
3. Pandemic level diseases come from
viruses found in wildlife.
 Arguable/ debatable
 Can be objectively proven

Here are some ways on how to defend a

Claim of Fact:
 State your claim clearly.
 Provide a brief explanation or definition
for words that may be unfamiliar to some
readers.
 Cite recent, accurate, and sufficient
evidence.
 Organize the evidence in a logical way.
 Reiterate the claim or thesis at the end.

To help you thoroughly identify claim of

facts, here are some of the
determining questions:
 Is this issue related to possible cause and
effect? (makes causal claims)
 Is this statement true or false? How can
its truthfulness be verified?
 Is this claim controversial or debatable?

Note: Do not be confused of the claim of

fact with fact.
- A fact is a statement that has been proven
- A claim of fact is an inference, an
interpretation of facts.

Examples of facts.
1. Converting to solar energy can save
homeowners money.
2. Neil Armstrong was the first man to step
foot on the moon.
3. Coronavirus can spread through droplets
 of the saliva of an infected person.

These statements had been proven true

already through research, experiences, and
history.
1. Claim of facts
D. Application
2. Facts
Directions: In a ¼ sheet of paper, identify if
the statements are facts or claim of facts. 3. Facts
4. Claim of facts

1. Cancer is a common disease, but it is not 5. Claim of facts

contagious
2. Humans evolved from Africa.
3. Obesity causes health problems.
4. The Philippine eagle is a critically
endangered species.
5. Covid 19 pandemic is a battle between
life and death.
E. Generalization
What have you learned from this lesson?
I learned that critical reading includes the
ability to distinguish information stated in
the text, whether it is directly or indirectly
stated or what is called explicit and implicit
information respectively.
You also learned that information could be
the different claims, and one of it is claim
of fac. It is a statement that reports,
describes, predicts, and makes causal
claims. It asserts that something has existed,
exists, or will exist based on the data.

IV. Evaluation

Directions: Below is a news article on the DepEd’s Learning Modality. Extract three from (3)
explicit sentences, three (3) implicit sentences, and four (4) claims of fact.
Explicit sentences

1) _____________________________________________________________________

2) _____________________________________________________________________

3) _____________________________________________________________________

Implicit sentences

4) _____________________________________________________________________

5) _____________________________________________________________________
6) _____________________________________________________________________

Claim of Facts

7) _____________________________________________________________________

8) _____________________________________________________________________

9) _____________________________________________________________________

10) _______________________________________________________________

V. Assignments

Directions: Compose a short paragraph with not less than 200 words regarding COVID-19
pandemic containing claims of facts statement.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________.