EJERCICIO PORTICO CASTIGLIANO

Por el método de Castigliano determinar las reacciones que se muestran y realizar los
diagramas de “N”, “V” y “M”, la sección del pórtico y el material es constante como se muestra
en la figura.
DATOS
E, I = constante
I=MOMENTO DE INERCIA
E=MODULO DE ELASTICIDA
CASTIGLIANO

SOLUCION

Geometria GH ＝ r + 3 b - ((3j + c))

4
x´ ＝ x ⋅ cos ((α)) ＝ ―⋅ x GH ＝ 5 + 3 ((3)) - ((3 ⋅ 4 + 0))
5
GH ＝ 2
3
α y´ ＝ x ⋅ sen ((α)) ＝ ―⋅ x
5

L ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
42 + 32 = 5
⎛3⎞
α ＝ tan -1 ⎜―⎟ α ＝ 36.86°
⎝4⎠

qn ＝ q ⋅ sen ((α)) ⋅ cos ((α))

t
qn ＝ 1.92 ―
m
2
qn ＝ q ⋅ ((cos ((α))))

t
qt ＝ 1.44 ―
m

CONVENIO DE SIGNOS

ECUACIONES_DE_MOMENTOS
tramo_E - D 0≤x≤3

dMx
M ((x)) ＝ Ex ⋅ x ―― ＝x
dEx
 tramo_D - C 0≤x≤5

⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛4 ⎞ x2 dMx 3 dMx 4
M ((x)) ＝ Ex ⋅ ⎜3 + ―⋅ x⎟ + Ey ⋅ ⎜―⋅ x⎟ - 1.92 ⋅ ―― ―― ＝ 3 + ―⋅ x ―― ＝ ―⋅ x
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝5 ⎠ 2 dEx 5 dEy 5

tramo_C - B 0≤x≤3

dMx dMx
M ((x)) ＝ Ex ⋅ ((6 - x)) + Ey ⋅ ((4)) - 12 ⋅ 2 ―― ＝6 - x ―― ＝4
dEx dEy

tramo_B - A 0≤x≤3

dMx dMx
M ((x)) ＝ Ex ⋅ ((3 - x)) + Ey ⋅ 4 - 12 ⋅ 2 - 2 ⋅ x ―― ＝3 - x ―― ＝4
dEx dEy

TABLA DE RESUMEN
TRAMO ORIGEN LIMITES M δM∥δEx δM∥δEy
((m)) ((t - m))

E-D E 0-3 Ex ⋅ x x 0
2
⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛4 ⎞ x 3 4
D-C D 0-5 Ex ⋅ ⎜3 + ―⋅ x⎟ + Ey ⋅ ⎜―⋅ x⎟ - 1.92 ⋅ ――3 + ―⋅ x ―⋅ x
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝5 ⎠ 2 5 5
C-B C 0-3 Ex ⋅ ((6 - x)) + Ey ⋅ ((4)) - 12 ⋅ 2 6-x 4

B-A B 0-3 Ex ⋅ ((3 - x)) + Ey ⋅ 4 - 12 ⋅ 2 - 2 ⋅ x 3-x 4

⌠ ⎛ dM ⎞ ⌠ ⎛ dM ⎞
⎮ M ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎮ M ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟
dU ⎮ ⎝ dEx ⎠ dU ⎮ ⎝ dEy ⎠
TEOREMA CASTIGLIANO δEx ＝ ―― ＝ Σ ⎮ ―――― dx δEy ＝ ―― ＝ Σ ⎮ ―――― dx
dEx ⎮
⌡ EI dEy ⎮
⌡ EI

EI ≔ 1 constante
5
⌠ ⎛
3 ⎮ ⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛4 ⎞ x2 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞ 3 3
⎜E ⋅ ⎜3 + ― ⋅ x⎟ + E ⋅ ⎜― ⋅ x⎟ - 1.92 ⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜3 + ― ⋅ x ⎟
⌠ ⎛E ⋅ x⎞ ⋅ ( ) ⎮ ⎜⎝ x ⎜⎝ y ⌠ ⎛E ⋅ (6 - x) + E ⋅ ( ) - 12 ⋅ 2⎞ ⋅ (6 - x) ⌠ ⎛E ⋅ (3 - x) + E ⋅ 4 - 12 ⋅ 2 - 2 ⋅ x⎞ ⋅ (3 - x)
⎮ ⎝ x ⎠ (x) 5 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 5 ⎟⎠ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 5 ⎟⎠ ⎮ ⎝ x
( ) y (4) ⎠ ( )
⎮ ⎝ x
( ) y ⎠ ( )
δEx ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x + ⎮ ――――――――――――――――――――― d x + ⎮ ―――――――――――――― d x + ⎮ ――――――――――――――――d x
3 EI ⎮ 2 ⋅ EI 3 ⋅ EI 3 ⋅ EI
⌡ ⌡ ⌡ ⌡
0 0 0 0

δEx ＝ 79.5 ⋅ Ex + 49.0 ⋅ Ey - 252.0

Por el apoyo en el punto E tenemos δEx ＝ 0 79.5 ⋅ Ex + 49.0 ⋅ Ey ＝ 252 ((1))

5
⌠ ⎛
3 ⎮ ⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛4 ⎞ x2 ⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞ 3 3
⎜E ⋅ ⎜3 + ― ⋅ x⎟ + E ⋅ ⎜― ⋅ x⎟ - 1.92 ⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜― ⋅ x ⎟
⌠ ⎛⎝Ex ⋅ x⎞⎠ ⋅ ((x)) ⎮ ⎜⎝
x y ⌠ ⎛E ⋅ (6 - x) + E ⋅ ( ) - 12 ⋅ 2⎞ ⋅ ( ) ⌠ ⎛E ⋅ (3 - x) + E ⋅ 4 - 12 ⋅ 2 - 2 ⋅ x⎞ ⋅ ( )
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝5 ⎠ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ x ( ) y (4) ⎠ (4) ⎝ x ( ) y ⎠ (4)
δEy ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x + ⎮ ―――――――――――――――――― d x + ⎮ ――――――――――――― d x + ⎮ ―――――――――――――― d x
⎮ 3 EI ⎮ 2 ⋅ EI ⎮ 3 ⋅ EI ⎮ 3 ⋅ EI
⌡ ⌡ ⌡ ⌡
0 0 0 0

δEy ＝ 52.0 ⋅ Ex + 45.33333 ⋅ Ey - 264.0

Por el apoyo en el punto E tenemos δEy ＝ 0 52.0 ⋅ Ex + 45.33333 ⋅ Ey ＝ 264 ((2))

Resolviendo el sistema tenemos Ex ≔ -1.432 ton

Ey ≔ 7.466 ton
 -Reacciones
Σ MA ＝ 0 MA + Ey ⋅ 4 - 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3 - 2 ⋅ 3 ＝ 0 MA ≔ 0.136 ton - m

Σ FY ＝ 0 Ay + Ey - 3 ⋅ 4 ＝ 0 Ay ≔ 4.534 ton

Σ FY ＝ 0 AX - 1.432 + 2 ＝ 0 Ax ≔ -0.568 ton

DIAGRAMAS OBTENIDOS CON SAP2000 (EXISTE MUY PEQUEÑA VARIACION)