Professional Documents
Culture Documents
On
LAKSHAY CHAWLA
121020082
6th SEMESTER
BATCH 2020-23
Certificate by Project
Guide
1
On the basis of declaration submitted by LAKSHAY CHAWLA , student of BBA, I hereby
certifiy that the project titled “EXPORT PROCESS AND DOCUMENTATION ” which is
submitted to the Faculty of Management, Jagannath University, Jhajjar, Haryana, in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of BBA, is an original contribution
with existing knowledge and faithful record of research carried out by him/her under my
guidance and supervision. To the best of my knowledge this work has not been submitted in
part or full for any Degree or Diploma to this University or elsewhere.
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Student’s Declaration
I LAKSHAY CHAWLA hereby declare that the project titled “EXPORT PROCESS AND
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and Help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere
thanks to all of them. I am Highly indebted to Dr AR Mishra for his guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for
their support in completing the project. I would like to express my gratitude towards my
parents & member of JAGANNATH INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES for their
kind co- operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project. I would
like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention
and time.
LAKSHAY CHAWLA
BBA
4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This project is all about to know about export import procedure/ documentation of shipment.
This project puts more focus on to know custom clearness, to make export - import invoice, to
get shipping bill number from custom department etc. This project will also find out how
Committed cargo Pvt. Ltd. could sustain in the competitive world by providing vast range of
cargo handling through all instruments which flexible prompt and innovative in meeting the
requirement of the customer. The purpose of the study was to know about export - import
documentation of seaway in the committed cargo Pvt. Ltd.
The India International Coir Fair-2009, which is coinciding with the golden jubilee celebrations
of the Central Coir Research Institute, is expected to give further fillip to coir exports from the
country by providing better visibility to coir products in the global market. The celebration of
the International Year of the Natural Fibre is also expected to draw greater attention to coir and
coir products. At a meeting of representatives of the coir exporters with the Board officials to
discuss issues related to exports, Mr V.S. Vijayaraghavan, Chairman of Coir Board, thanked
exporters for their collective efforts in surpassing the export target last year, both in quantity
and value, despite tremendous odds and conspicuous global impediments.Indian coir exports
during 200809 had touched 1,94,791 tonnes valued at Rs 634 crore, exceeding the target set for
the year. With the conduct of the India International Coir Fair-2009 and the celebration of the
International Year of Natural Fibre, the Coir Board was confident of better performance this
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year. Federation would play a leading role in enhancing the growth of the coir industry in all its
dimensions and assured of the board's full support in taking timely action to redress the
problems of the exporters.
The need to obtain timely governmental sanction to participate in overseas fairs to achieve
greater mileage in the export market, setting up of a container freight station at Pollalchi, Tamil
Nadu, in view of its growing contribution to exports and increasing the frequency of the
meeting of exporters with Board officials also received attention at the meeting held on
Monday. It was decided to hold the next executive committee meeting of the Board at
Bangalore on May 26.
TABLE OF CONTENT
6
Chapter 2 Research
2. Methodology 29-33
6. Bibliography 49-50
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
An ISO 9001:2000 Company Incorporated head quarter in the national capital Delhi, India and
specializes in handling Import & Export Cargo. Earning and maintaining a reputation for
dependable and complete worldwide cargo movement solutions with the motto "Customer
Pride" achieved this longevity in the volatile cargo industry.
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Committed Group has established its hub at Los Angeles, Toronto, Shanghai, Mumbai, Jaipur,
Ludhiana and a reliable network of associate offices in India and world over and is specialized
in forwarding of cargos choosing the most convenient and cost effective transportation method
bv air. courier. sea and truck an time & anywhere around the globe.
Committed Group management has the right mix of experience and commitment and is fast to
adapt to new emerging technology. Its well-established network and tracking software enables
to provide fast and reliable information to its client. Thus capable of handling:
• Packaging
• Warehousing
• Freight forwarding
• Clearance of Export and Import Cargo
• Commercial, Diplomatic and Non-Diplomatic Consignment. Projects
Mission Statement
"To be focused as a pro-active cargo gateway by anticipating and reacting to each stage of a
shipment's transit with commitment and to experience strategic growth of a highly respected
and recognized cargo company in the Industry".
Team
The Committed Group management team brings together leaders with wealth of expertise from
various industries, including transportation, logistics, cargo management, professional services
and customer service.
These individuals form a strong foundation that provides vision and support to a growing team
o talented, dedicated professionals working to adopt and deliver professional freight forwarding
solutions and custom clearance. The Operational team at Committed Group comprising of more
than 50 in-house trained energetic and aggressive group of employees with several years of
experience in the international freight forwarding plus an protracted experience in the reputable
shipping lines and airlines.
Thus, with strong gamut of professional from cargo industry under one roof help Committed
Group to adopt the "Total Freight Management" approach, a feature of which is the handling of
client cargo on a door-to-door basis.
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This approach ensures the correct management of cargo in a cost-efficient and professional way
at competitive price and feels Committed Group is the RIGHT PARTNER FOR YOU.
Services
• Air Freight
• Custom Clearance
• Document Processing
• Multi Modal Facility
• 3 PL & Supply Chain Management
• Packaging & Warehousing
• Tracking & Tracing
At Committed Group it is a single window contract for the carriage of goods by at least two or
more ditterent modes of transport. Thus, providing a permutation-combination between air-
ocean-surface modes to reduce the cost of transportation. This includes Door pick to Door
delivery and a complete logistics support constituting of:
» Origin Pickup/Trucking.
» Warehousing if required.
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Committed Group operates as Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) providing the end 2 end
services liKe:
CIF Shipments: Cargo picked up on cost Insurance and freight paid tennis.
FOB: Free on Board Shipment. Only Port to port or Apt to Apt service by Carrier.
Services along with logistic documentation evidencing a multimodal transport contract which
can be replaced bv electronic data interchange messages insofar as permitted by applicable law
and be
(b) Issued in a non-negotiable form indicating a named consignee. Taken in charge means that
the goods have been handed over to and accepted for carriage by the MTO for delivery.
This is done after completion of various documentation and formalities after the arrival of the
shipment at destination. The Cargo delivery is subject to various terms and conditions to be
fulfilled by the consignee as listed below:
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3. For Air shipments, an Authority Letter
5. In case of shipments under L/C, the designated Bank need to endorse the Bill of Lading or
issue Bank Release Order favour of the
Committed Group as an MTO undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of all acts
necessary to ensure delivery of the goods / cargo with responsibility:
(a) When the MT document has been issued in a negotiable form "to bearer", to the person
surrendering one original of the document, or
(b) When the M document has been issued in a negotiable form "to order", to the person
surrendering one original of the document duly endorsed, or
(c) When the MT document has been issued in a negotiable form to a named person, to that
person upon Proof of his identity and surrender of one original document; if such
document has been transferred "to Order' or in blank the provisions of (b) above apply,
(d) When the MT document has been issued in a non-negotiable form, to the person named
as consignee in the document upon proot of his identity, or
(e) When no document has been issued, to a person as instructed by the consignor or by a
person who has acquired the consignors or the consignee's rights under the multimodal
transport contract to give such instructions.
Period of responsibility
The responsibility of Committed Cargo Care Pvt. Ltd. as a Multimodal Transport Operator
(MTO) for the goods under these Rules covers the period from the time the MTO has taken the
goods in his charge the of Their delivery. The multimodal transport operator shall be
responsible for the acts and omissions of its emplovee or agents, when any such emplovee or
agent is acting within the scope or his emplovment, or o any other person o whose services he
makes use for the pertormance of the contract, as it such acts and omissions were his own.
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Packaging at Committed Group
Committed Group employs professional packers and experienced supervisors who are trained
packing and packaging. We specialize in handling fragile / heavy / oversized cargo. For
packaging, we use material like craft paper / soft papers, corrugated rolls & boxes, air bubble
pack rolls, polythene & polypropylene, and masking tape, etc. depending upon the requirement.
We design fabrication and assembly of crating material for packaging machinery and equipment
for storage or shipment and usage of correct primary protective packing materials to insulate
machinery and equipment from moisture, corrosion and excessive shock. Crating and the use of
machines to execute packing and moving operations has resulted in accolades and sustained
patronage by clients in India and abroad.
Committed Group offer warehousing facilities to support export - import activities. The
warehousing facilities are very helpful to accelerate the transportation of goods, especially for
cargos with LCL Status.
At Committed Group storage areas of warehouses are demarcated to identify each location. Our
distribution centres offer ample space for palletizing, crating and packing services according to
customers' specifications.
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At Committed Group, we practice logistics. We can develop a comprehensive project plan for
your organization, deploy a project team, and remain with your team through the
implementation and start-up. We analyze existing processes, from initiation of an order through
fulfillment, and evaluate modal selection, carrier utilization, and existing cost structures. We
formulate a customized solution for your unique needs.
Committed group is a hub-based third party fulfilment and logistics companY servicIng both
domestic and international needs. Services include: Complete Supply Chain Operations: End-
to-
Along with state-of-the-art distribution, our 3PL and SCM services offers clients around the
clock full service fulfilment support. Additional services available: extensive print support,
product packaging and ware housing. Our 3PL solution and Supply Chain Management enables
cost savings and better route planning
• Ability to connect customers and their supply chain partners through a real-time
information hub
• 10-15% reduction in transportation costs
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• Real-time monitoring of inventory, orders and events
Committed Group big advantages offer to our customers is the one stop online track and trace
facility. Through this site you now have the aomi o monior vour consionments on ine or wed
access at any time, day or night, without the need to constantly refer back to your forwarder.
Our system offers access on a 24/7 basis for all consignments shipped by road, sea and
Updated daily, the moment you entrust your consignment given a reference number and
subsequently logged on our system the same day. All customers are assigned unique login
details to allow immediate tracking of their consignments. The unique login codes ensure total
security by baring others from viewing the same information. The accessible information is kept
on a secure location and is accessed through a strict password system. The information available
from our track and trace facility is flexible and can be tailored to your individual needs. Thus, a
global network of contacts and our combined wealth of experience ensure that your shipments
are transported effectively and efficiently. Committed Group Track and Trace facility is
available for obtaining your freight consignment status with major Airlines.
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BENEFITS GIVEN BY COMPANY
• Origin Pickup/Trucking.
• Warehousing if required.
• Customs Clearance & Documentation at origin.
• Origin charges payable like THC, B/L Fee etc.
• Carriage by Sea or Air by payment of Freight.
• Inland Trucking if required.
• Customs Clearing of goods at destination and Warehousing if need be Door Delivery
of the cargo.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
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LOGISTICS SYSTEM
Logistics is defined by the council of Logistics, Ohio USA as the Process of planning,
implementing and controlling the efficient, co-effective flow and storage flow and storage of
raw materials, in process inventory finished goods and related information from point of origin
to point consumption. More simply, the objective of Logistics System is that the right products
reach the right place in the right quantity at the right time to satisfy customer demand.
• Nature of Product
• Location of Manufacturing Plan
• Availability of infrastructure such as Road
• Availability of different modes of transportation
• Dealer/Distributor Network
• Government Policy
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MODE OF TRANSPORTATION
• AIR TRANSPORT
• OCEAN TRANSPORT
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• RAIL TRANSPORT
• ROAD TRANSPORT
• OCEAN TRANSPORT
More than 95 per cent of international trade is conduced by sea routes since ancient times, sea
routes are being used for transportation of cargo from one continent or country to Coastal
shipping is also used for transporting the cargo from one port within the country to another. For
example in India the cargo can be transported from Chennai port to Visakhapatnam port using
the costal shipping route.
Sea routes are used for carrying bulj commodities like such as coaling and thermal coal mires,
fertilizers rock phosphate etc, and liquid go like crude oil ammonium acids etc Ideally the goods
with high volume and kiw vakye are suited die ocean transport in the era of containerisation
even the high value cargo can be safely enabled the cargo carrying capacities of the ship to
increase many fold.
In 1956, the first containerised ship belonging to sea land corp. carried 58 twenty feet
containers. The modern ships have the capacity to carry 7000 containers.One of the biggest
ships owned by Maersk-sea land is 1,138 feet long from end to end and 140 feet wide at mid
ship. Such ships are called Post-Panamax ship.
Liners ships: Liners ship represent the organized sector of the shipping industries due to their
fixed schedules of arrival and departure, Pre-determined voyages and trade routes and published
ocean freight rates. Liner shipping is governed by shipping conference and offers the following
advantage to shippers:-
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Tramp ships:- Tramp ships on the other hand have the characteristics -
They are free to move anywhere on the high seas at their Their voyage routes and schedules are
flexible.They travel from the port to another port o various trade routes looking for the cargo
and carrying the same to various routes looking for the cargo and carrying the same to various
destinations around the world
They arrive or depart without a fixed route or schedule. They fix their voyages according to
availability of cargo and as per the requirement of the shippers of these
The freight rates of tram ships depend upon the demand and supply conditions in the shipping
industry. If there is a glut of shipping space the tramp freight rates plummet. Whereas in case of
shortage of shipping space, the tramp freight rates shoot up. The cargo space on the tramps is
booked by the brokers located in major port cities like New York, London, Rotterdam
Hamburg, and Hong- Kong etc. They work as a link between tramp operators and shippers.
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EXPORT INVOICE
• Exporter
• Consignee Invoice No. and Date Exporter Ref.
• Buyer order no and date
• Other reference
• Buyer (other than consignee)
• Country of origin of goods
• Country of final destination
• Terms of delivery and Payments
• Pre-carriage by
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• Place of receipt by pre-carrier Vessel/ Flight no. Port of loading
• Port of discharge
• Final Destination
• Marks and Nos. / No & Kind of pkgs.
• Item code
• Description of goods
• Net weight
• Gross weight
• Quantity
• Rate CIF EURO
• Amount CIF EURO
• Amount in words
• Declaration
• Authorised signature
Step 1
In the case of first time exporters -importers ‚they need to apply to the Director General of
Foreign Trade (DGFI) regional office for getting Importer-Exporter Code (IC) Number.
Step 2
The exporter has to register with the concerned export promotion council in order to obtain
various permissible benefits given by the government. ,they need to get registered with sales tax
office, and even Export Credit Guarantee Corporation.
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Step 3
The exporter can now go in for procuring orders, by first sending a sample, if required. The
importer sends a purchase order once both exporter and importer have agreed upon the terms
and conditions of the contract like pricing, documents, treight charges, currency etc.
Step 4
With export order in hand, the exporter starts manufacturing goods or buying them from other
manuracturers
Step 5
The exporter makes arrangements for quality control and obtains a certificate confirming the
quality of the goods from inspector of quality control.
Step 6
Step 7
The export firm has to apply to an insurance company for marine/air insurance cover.(The
exporter asks the importer to take marine/ air insurance under cost and freight, free on board
etc., terms of contract.
Step 8
The exporter contacts the clearing and forwarding agent (C & F) for storing the goods in
warehouses. A document called Shipping Bill, required for allowing shipment by Customs
Authority is presented by the forwarding agent.
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Step 9
Once the goods are loaded into the ship a receipt called Mate's Receipt is issued by the captain
to the ship superintendent of the port.
Step 10
The superintendent calculates port charges and handover to the exporter /C&F agent.
Step 11
After making the port payments, the C&F agent or exporter gets the Bills of Lading or Airway
Bill from the official agent of the shipping company or the airline
Step 11
After making the port payments, the C&F agent or exporter gets the Bills of Lading or Airway
Bill from the official agent of the shipping company or the airline
Step 12
The exporter applies to the relevant Chamber of Commerce for obtaining Certificate of Origin,
stating that the goods originated from India.
Step 13
The exporter sends a set of documents to the importers, stating the date of shipment name
Step 14
Within 21 days after shipment the exporter must present all the documents at his bank which
scrutinizes these documents against the original letter of credit /purchase order.
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Step 15
The exporter's bank sends these documents to the importer's bank which should make the
payment on of before the due date.
EXPORT-IMPORT DOCUMENTATION
Proforma Invoice
Packing List
This statement gives the packing details of goods in a prescribed format. It is a very useful
document for customs at the time of examination and for warehouse keeper of the buver to
maintain a record of inventory and to effect delivery.
Commercial Invoice
An invoice is very important as it contains the names of the exporter, importer, and the
consignee, and the description of goods. It has to be signed by the exporter. Other documents
are prepared by deriving information from the invoice. It is required to be presented before
different authorities for different purposes.
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Certificate of Origin
This certificate issued by the local Chamber of Commerce indicates that the goods, which are
being exported, are actually manufactured in a specific countrv mentioned therein. It is sent by
the exporter to the importer and is useful for the clearance of the goods from the customs
authonity of the importing country.
It is a requisite for seeking the permission of customs to export goods It contains a description
of export goods by sea/air. It contains a description of export goods, number and kind of
packages, shipping marks, and number numbers, value of goods, the name of the vessel, the
country of destination etc. On the other hand, importers have to submit copies of document
called Bill of Entry for customs clearance.Later, a copy has to be given to the bank for
verification.
ARE-1 Form
This form is an application for the removal of excisable goods from the factory premises for
export purposes. The ARE-1 form has multiple copies which are distributed to different
authorities, including Customs, Range office of Excise, Refund office of Excise , etc.
The RBI has prescribed has prescribed a GR form (SDF) , a PP form, and SOFTEX forms to
declare the export transactions. The GR form contains:
b) Name and address of the authorized dealer through whom proceeds of the exports have been
or will be realized.
d) The full export value, giving break up of FOB, Freight, Insurance, Discount, and
Commission etc.
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Bills of Exchange
Inspection Certificate
It is required by some importers and countries in order to get the specifications of the goods
shipped attested. The attestation is usually performed by a government agency or by
independent testing organizations.
Bill of Lading
This document is issued by the shipping company acknowledging the receipt of the good
mentioned in the bill, for shipment on board of the vessel.
The B/I is the legal document to be referred in case of any dispute over the shipment.
It contains:
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Airway Bill
This receipt issued by an airlines company or its agent for carriage of goods is a contract
between the owner of the goods and the carrier. It should indicate freight pre-paid or freight to
collect. The first three digits of the Airway Bill Number represents the code, which identifies
the carrier.
Insurance Certificate
This document obtained from the freight forwarder , is used to assure the consignee that
insurance will cover the loss or damage to the cargo during transit (marine/air insurance)
Consular Invoice
This invoice is needed to be submitted for certification to the embassy of the country concerned
Its main purpose is to enable the importer's country to collect accurate and authenticated
information about the value, volume, quantity, source etc. of the import for assessing import
duties and for statistical purposes. It helps the importer to get goods cleared through customs
without any undue delay.
3. a. Part 1 & Part 4 has to be filled in by all applicants. In case of applications submitted
electronically, no hard copies of Part 1 may be submitted.
However in cases where applications are submitted otherwise, hard copy of Part 1 has to be
submitted.
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b. Only relevant portions of Part 2 need to be filled in.
1. Bank Receipt (in duplicate) Demand DraftEFT details evidencing payment of application Tee
in terms of Appendix 21B.
2. Certificate from the Banker of the applicant firm in the format given in Appendix 18A.
3. Self certified copy of Permanent Account Number (PAN) issued by Income Tax Authorities
4. Deleted
5. Two copies of passport size photographs of the applicant duly attested by the Banker of the
applicant.
7. a. Part 1 & Part 4 has to be filled in by all applicants. In case of applications submitted
electronically, no hard copies of Part 1 may be submitted.
However in cases where applications are submitted otherwise, hard copy of Part 1 has to be
submitted.
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II. For Import Licence for Restricted Items
1. Bank Receipt (in duplicate/Demand Draft/EFT details evidencing payment of application fee
in terms of Appendix 21B.
2. Self certified copy of Proforma Invoice from foreign supplier showing CIF value of the
goods.
3. Self certified copy of Registration Certificate issued by concerned authority.
In case of import of Ammunition, a certificate from the Chartered Accountant/Cost and Works
Accountant/Company Secretary showing sales turnover of ammunition (indigenous and
imported) during the preceding three licensing years.
10. Each individual page of the application has to be signed by the applicant.
11.a. Part 1 & Part 4 has to be filled in by all applicants. In case of applications submitted
electronically, no hard copies of Part 1 may be submitted.
However in cases where applications are submitted otherwise, hard copy of Part 1 has to be
submitted.
II A.
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For Import Certificate under Indo - US Memorandum
1. Bank Receipt (in duplicate)/Demand Draft/EFT details evidencing payment of application fee
in terms of Appendix 21B.
2. Self certified copy of letter from US supplier in support of request for Import Certificate.
13. Two copies of the application must be submitted unless otherwise mentioned.
14. Each individual page of the application has to be signed by the applicant.
15.a. Part 1 & Part 4 has to be filled in by all applicants. In case of applications submitted
electronically, no hard copies of Part 1 may be submitted.
However in cases where applications are submitted otherwise, hard copy of Part 1 has to be
submitted.
Below
1. Bank Receipt (in duplicate/Demand Draft/EFT details evidencing payment of application fee
in terms of Appendix 21B.
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GUIDELINES FOR APPLICANTS
17. Two copies of the application must be submitted unless otherwise mentioned.
18. Each individual page of the application has to be signed by the applicant.
19.a. Part 1 & Part 4 has to be filled in by all applicants. In case of applications submitted
electronically, no hard copies of Part 1 may be submitted
However in cases where applications are submitted otherwise, hard copy of Part 1 has to be
submitted.
b. End User certificate indicating the end product for which the item of export will be used ov
end user in the format given in Appendix 36
CIassitication of Export & Import items except those given in seria no 2 above :
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b. End User certificate indicating the end product and/or end purpose for which the item of
export will be used by end user in the format given in Appendix 3c
c. Technical Specifications of the items to be exported (not exceedina one page for each item).
d. Self certified copy of Bill of Lading for items exported earlier under a Licence as per seria
no.
з of Parts of sub section I A
37. Two copies of the application must be submitted unless otherwise mentioned.
38. Each individual page of the application has to be signed by the applicant.
39.a. Part 1 & Part 4 has to be filled in by all applicants. In case of applications submitted
electronically, no hard copies of Part 1 may be submitted. However in cases where applications
are submitted otherwise, hard copy of Part 1 has to be submitted. b. Only relevant portions of
Part 2 need to be filled in.
2. Export Promotion (EP) copy of Shipping Bills). In case of exports through notified land
Customs under paragraph 4.40, Bill of Export may be accepted in lieu of Shipping Bill.
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FIRC, a declaration from the exporter that the remittance is in respect of Shipping Bill(s) No
dated shall also be furnished
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Chapter 2
Research
Methodology
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Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process,
and analyse information about a topic. In a research paper, the methodology section allows the
reader to critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability.
Research Design:-
Research design is the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a researcher.
The design allows researchers to hone in on research methods that are suitable for the subject
matter and set up their studies up for success.
• Descriptive research
• Correlational research
• Experimental research
Descriptive Research:-
It is also known as statistical research, this describes phenomena as they exist. It is used to
identify and obtain information on characteristic of a particular issue like community, group or
people. In other words, we can say that this type of research describes social events, social
structure, social situations, etc. The observer observe and describe what did he find? Descriptive
research answers the questions, what, who, where, how and when. It is used to study the current
situation. It is widely used in the physical and natural science. But it is used more common in
the social sciences, as in socioeconomic survey and job and activity analysis. Descriptive
research aim at portraying accurately the characteristics of a particular group or situation, one
may undertake a descriptive study about the works in a factory, their age distribution, their
community-wise, distribution, their educational level, their state of their physical health and so
on also one may study the conditions of work in a factory health, safety and welfare. One may
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undertake to describe the organization of industrial establishment or if a trade union congress. A
descriptive study may be concerned with the attitude or views (of a person) towards anything
e.g., attitudes presidential form of government, right to strike, capital punishment, prohibition,
college autonomy etc.
DATA COLLECTION
Data is a collection of facts, figures, objects, symbols, and events gathered from different
sources. You can categorize Data collection methods into:-
Secondary data is data collected by someone other than the actual user. It means that the
information is already available, and someone analyses it. The secondary data includes
magazines, newspapers, books, journals etc. It may be either published data or unpublished
data.
Secondary data is the data that has been used in the past. The researcher can obtain data from
the sources, both internal and external, to the organization.
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INTERNAL SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
• Financial Statements
• Magazines
• Sales Report
• Executive summaries
• Government reports
• Press releases
• Business journals
• Libraries
• Internet
Data Collection
Primary Data
Secondary Data
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The secondary data were collected from books, journals, websites and other published sources.
Sample Design
A self- designed questionnaire was developed and given to general public. The questionnaire is
related to impact of social media on consumer behavior.
Sample Population
Sample Size
Sampling Technique
The technique used for selecting the sample is non-random or non-probability sampling
techniques. Convenient sampling is used for collecting data in this study.
Major tool used in the analysis process has been graphs and chart for interpreting the data
collected.
The scope of marketing research could cover the business problems relating to the followings.
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• Size and location of different markets, not only in India but also overseas.
• The prospects for growth or construction for the current markets being served.
• New mantras of emerging segments.
• Marketing and manufacturing capabilities of competitors.
• Most suitable entry timing.
• The current and prospective competitive position. Chances of improvement of current
channels.
• Not a panacea
• Not an exact science
• Limitation of time
• Erroneous findings
• Not exact tool for forecasting
• In experience research staff
• Narrow conception of marketing research
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Chapter 3
Analysis
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However, India is a net importer of plastics due to its reliance on import of plastics raw
materials. In 2018-19, India imported plastics raw material worth US$ 11.56 billion,
representing 67% of its total plastics imports of US$ 17.26 billion.
Provided below are the top-5 importing countries of consumer & houseware items of plastics
in the world, and India’s share in these markets.
Overall growth in export of consumer & houseware items of plastics over the past 10 years.
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The above data indicates that India’s exports of consumer & houseware items of plastics has
grown to US$ 995 million in 2018 from US$ 361 million in 2009, representing a CAGR of
11.9% over the said period. However, despite the growth registered, India still holds a mere
0.5% share in the world-wide import market of consumer & houseware items of plastics,
indicating opportunity for further growth.
Provided below are the top-5 importing countries of cordage & fishnets in the world, and
India’s share in these markets.
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Overall growth in export of cordage & fishnets over the past 10 years.
The above data indicates that India’s exports of cordage & fishnets has grown to US$ 167
million in 2018 from US$ 71 million in 2007, representing a CAGR of 10.0% over the said
period. India must seek ways to increase its share in the top-5 import destinations for these
products, especially in Japan, Vietnam, and Germany.
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Provided below are the top-5 importing countries of floor coverings, leathercloth & laminates
in the world, and India’s share in these markets.
Overall growth in export of floor coverings, leathercloth & laminates over the past 10 years.
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The above data indicates that India’s exports of floor coverings, leathercloth & laminates has
grown to US$ 476 million in 2018 from US$ 160 million in 2009, representing a CAGR of
12.9% over the said period. India’s overall share in the world-wide import market of floor
coverings, leathercloth & laminates was 1.8% in 2018.
Provided below are the top-5 importing countries of FRP / Composites in the world, and
India’s share in these markets.
47
Overall growth in export of FRP / Composites over the past 10 years.
48
The above data indicates that India’s exports of composites has grown to US$ 536 million in
2018 from US$ 210 million in 2009, representing a CAGR of 11.0% over the said period.
India’s overall share in the world-wide import market of composites stood at 0.8% in 2018.
Provided below are the top-5 importing countries of human hair and related products in the
world, and India’s share in these markets.
Overall growth in export of human hair & related products over the past 10 years.
e
40
The above data indicates that India’s export of human hair & related products has grown to
US$ 248 million in 2018 from US$ 200 million in 2009, representing a CAGR of 2.4% over
the said period. The decline in exports since 2013 onwards is a worry and the council has
made several representations to highlight the problems being faced by exporters of human
hair.
India’s share in the world-wide import market of human hair & related products was 7.0% in
2018.
Provided below are the top-5 importing countries of pipes and fittings of plastics in the
world, and India’s share in these markets.
Overall growth in export of pipes & fittings, of plastics, over the past 10 years.
41
\
The above data indicates that India’s exports of pipes & fittings, of plastics, has grown to
US$ 188 million in 2018 from US$ 80 million in 2009, representing a CAGR of 10.0% over
the said period. India’s overall share in the world-wide import market of pipes & fittings
remains between 0.6-0.7%.
Polyester films
Provided below are the top-5 importing countries of polyester films in the world, and India’s
share in these markets.
42
Overall growth in export of polyester films over the past 10 years.
The above data indicates that India’s export of polyester films has grown to US$ 1,428
million in 2018 from US$ 546 million in 2009, representing a CAGR of 11.3% over the said
period.
India’s exports of polyester films have hit an all-time high and its share in the world-wide
import market of this product was 1.3% in 2018.
Provided below are the top-5 importing countries of plastics raw materials in the world, and
45
India’s share in these markets
Overall growth in export of plastics raw materials over the past 10 years
45
The above data indicates that India’s exports of plastics raw materials has grown to US$
4,498 million in 2018 from US$ 1,046 million in 2009, representing a CAGR of 17.6%
over the said period. Despite the growth registered, India’s share in the world-wide import
market of plastics raw materials stood at 1.3% in 2018.
45
Chapter 4
Conclusion
45
One of the most critical documents required for exporting is the commercial invoice. This
document includes information about the goods being exported, such as their description,
quantity, price, and the terms of sale. The commercial invoice also serves as a basis for
determining the value of the goods for customs purposes and for calculating the amount of
duty and taxes that need to be paid.
Another essential document required for exporting is the packing list. The packing list
provides details about the contents of each package or container, such as the type of product,
quantity, weight, and dimensions. This information helps to ensure that the goods are handled
correctly during transportation and that they arrive at their destination in good condition.
Exporters also need to prepare documentation related to transportation, such as bills of lading,
airway bills, or road consignment notes. These documents provide proof of ownership of the
goods being transported, specify the terms of transportation, and allow the shipment to be
traced and tracked.
Exporters may also need to obtain permits, licenses, or certificates, depending on the nature
of the goods being exported and the requirements of the importing country. For example,
some countries require exporters to obtain sanitary and phytosanitary certificates for food and
agricultural products or certificates of origin to verify the country of origin of the goods.
In conclusion, exporting goods and services can bring significant benefits to businesses and
countries, but it requires a significant amount of documentation to ensure that the process is
smooth and that the goods or services meet the requirements of the importing country.
Exporters need to be aware of the various documents required for exporting and ensure that
they are prepared correctly and in compliance with the regulations of the importing country.
By doing so, exporters can increase their chances of success in the international marketplace
and contribute to the growth of their business and the economy.
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Chapter 5
Suggestions
45
Research the requirements of the importing country: Each country has different
regulations and requirements for importing goods and services. Before exporting,
research the requirements of the importing country to ensure that all necessary
documentation is prepared correctly.
Prepare a commercial invoice: The commercial invoice is one of the most critical
documents required for exporting. Make sure to include all necessary information
about the goods being exported and the terms of sale.
Create a packing list: The packing list provides details about the contents of each
package or container and helps to ensure that the goods are handled correctly during
transportation.
Use a freight forwarder: Consider using a freight forwarder who can handle the logistics
of exporting, including documentation, customs clearance, and transportation.
Obtain necessary permits and licenses: Depending on the nature of the goods being
exported, exporters may need to obtain permits, licenses, or certificates to comply
with the regulations of the importing country.
Use a reputable shipping company: Use a reputable shipping company that has
experience in exporting and can handle the transportation of the goods safely and
efficiently.
Prepare bills of lading or airway bills: Bills of lading or airway bills provide proof of
ownership of the goods being transported and specify the terms of transportation.
45
Bibliography
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Export Import Documentation - Prof. D.C. pai
Rice, J. (2019). Incoterms and International Trade: How to Make Sure You Get Paid. American
Bar Association.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2022). International Trade and Commodities.
World Trade Organization. (2022). Understanding the WTO: Trade Documents. Geneva: World
Trade Organization.
Zimmermann, T. A. (2020). International trade law. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.
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