STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FOR COMPETITIVE

ADVANTAGE
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
3.0 Learning.................................................................................................................................................4
4.0 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................12
5.0 Team performance..............................................................................................................................12
References.................................................................................................................................................13
Bibliography...............................................................................................................................................16

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Section- B

1.0 Introduction

In the business game, the name of the company is 'Fleetia'. The company aims to stabilize the
climate by investing in low emission cars, achieve a long-term return on revenue before tax of at
least 10%, increase production of car by 5% per year, maximize the shareholder wealth and
maximum possible return on their investment, to also increase market share by 2% for large &
city cars and to achieve a post-tax profit of £700m at the end of the fourth year to maintain
company's strong financial position and flexibility to act in difficult market conditions. Table 1
shows the performance of the company from round 1 to round 4 in a business game.

Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4

Total sales (£m) 2383.64 5804.18 6357.21 7213.25

Total unsold stock (Units) 0 0 0 0

Shareholder funds (£m) 652.78 1,226.71 1,973.08 3,045.94

Closing Bank Balance 73.86 470 1505.01 2019.92

(£m)

Outstanding loan (£m) 120 633.07 847.89 95.39

Table 1: The company performance from round 1 to round 4 in setting and running a
business is a business game

(Source: Self-Created)

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By the table the team performance from round 1 to round 4 in total sales (£m) has increased from
2383.64 to 7213.25, total unsold units are 0, shareholder funds (£m) increased from 652.78 to
3045.94, closing bank balance (£m) increased from 73.86 to 2019.92 and outstanding loan (£m)
increased from 120 but till round 4 it was 95.39.

2.0 Company Performance

As discussed in Section A, Fleetia aims to increase its production of cars by 5% every year by
using company resources efficiently. The company also focuses on increasing their company
share by 2% yearly for both city and large cars. However, Fleetia has faced multiple competitive
challenges related to production in the automotive industry as well as the market. As a part of
strategic management, multiple rounds of business games have been incorporated into the
company structure. Mainly, business games are related to the economy of business and help the
company to evaluate its existing management strategy and determine future plans. Business
games are actually business simulation games that follow the spirit of experiments and impact
business management strategy, finance, human resources, and shares of a company.

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 Figure 1: Performance Analysis

(Source: researchgate.net, 2021)

In Business Game Round 1, a small segment car called Swift along with a large segment car
called Dezire has been chosen for serving the purpose. A medium segment car called CIAZ has
been selected for Business Game Round 2. The Business Game Round 3 is associated with a new
small segment car named Ritz. On the other hand, the team has not introduced any new model in
Business Game Round 4. Various rounds of Business Game have determined the total company
sales and associated matters for each round. As per calculation, total sales for Round 1 is
£2383.64, whereas £5804.18, £6357.21, and £7213.25 is recorded for Round 2, 3, and 4.
Furthermore, total unsold stock, fund of shareholders, as well as closing bank balance, and
outstanding loan have also been determined from various rounds of Business Games.

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 Figure 2: Strategy of Business Game

(Source: globstrat-business-games.com, 2021)

The production report has been prepared at the initial stage of Round 1. The team has figured out
that Swift belongs to market sector 5 and Dezire to market sector 11. As per the market
statement, we record that 66,497 units Swift has produced, and all of those are sold. The
respective market share of this model is 1.28% and it costs £15150.00. On the other hand, 50044
units of Dezire have been produced and sold to the market with a market share of 2.03% and cost
£27500.00. The production of swift engages 1778 workforce and Dezire engages 1436
workforce. The entire production cost of these two models has been divided into various
segments including material cost, design and options cost, and labour cost. We have recorded
that the material cost for Swift is £8712.00 and the model's design and options cost is £2115.31.
Along with this, the model costs £695.19 for its labour that is considered to be low if compared
to other models of Business Game Round. In the case of Dezire, we have recorded that the model
costs £15900.00 for purchasing materials, £3239.31 for its design and option, whereas £746.06
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for its labour. Fleetia has determined a gross margin that is 23.94% of the production for Swift
and 27.69% for Desire. However, as observed by us, productivity for Swift is 37.40 units and for
desire is 34.85 units.

Figure 3: Model of the Strategic Management Process

(Source: cio-wiki.org, 2021)

A production unit requires a market to maintain the supply chain properly, therefore a selection
of respective targets is important for a company to perform smoothly. As evaluated by our team,
Swift has targeted 66,497 people as their potential clients, whereas the target population of
Dezire is 50,044. We have further recorded that the company employs a number of potential
employees to increase the performance of their production. Yearly potential productivity for
Swift is 43.52 and the potential productivity of employees with productivity is 52.23. On the
other hand, the potential productivity for Dezire is 40.56 and the potential productivity of
employees with productivity is 48.67. Along with this, Swift costs £216.55 of its warranty, and
Dezire costs £382.89 for the same purpose.

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The company has allocated quite a stable workforce to run its production unit smoothly. As
observed, the total workforce in round 1 of Business Game is 3214 and 3 strike days have been
recorded in the entire round 1. The round indicates the total productivity that is 36.26 with a
productivity index of 0.85. The associated total market for small vehicles is 5.21, for a medium is
4.82, for large is 2.46, and for luxury is 0.54.

Our team has also evaluated the profit and loss account of Fleetia in Business Game Round 1.
The team has recorded a total sale of £2383.64 with a production cost of £1761.36 and a gross
profit of £622.28. The calculation also projects various expenses related to overheads that
include an expense of £168.39 for fixed overhead, £5.25 for promotion, and £110.10 for research
and development. Moreover, £20.00 has been expensed for professional charges along with
warranty claims of £33.56 and £2.00 for the training cost. In the entire process total depreciation
is £76.00, whereas its operating profit is £206.49 with £10.61 for interest on a loan. The total tax
given by the company is £43.09 with a pre-tax profit of £195.88 and a post-tax profit of £152.78.
As per the calculation of cost for sales breakdown, it has been recorded that plus material cost is
£1677.79 and plus wages is £83.56, therefore the total cost of sales is £1761.36.

The fixed asset of the company costs £760.00 with a book value of £684.00 and a depreciation of
- £76.00. However, the stock value of the company is £0.00 with a debt of £195.92 and a bank
balance of £73.86. The current liabilities of the company are a credit of £137.90 and a tax of
£43.09. The calculation indicates a net current asset of £88.78 and total assets less current
liabilities of £772.78. As capital and reserves indicate share equity of Fleetia is £500.00,
retained profit is £152.78 and total stakeholder's fund is £652.78. As per long-term liabilities, the
total amount of the loan is £120.00 and the total employed capital is £772.78.

As per the calculation related to cash flow, Fleetia holds £500.00 as its opening bank balance and
£2187. 72 for its revenue. It has expensed £1539.89, £83.56, £339.80, and £670.00 for its
material cost, wage costs, factory costs, and redundancy cost. Its bank interest is £10.61 and the
new model production cost is £90.00. The company has taken a loan of £120.00, therefore its
new balance is £783.86 as it has a negative balance of - £46.14.

As determined by the production report of Round 2, CIAZ prominently belongs to market sector
6. As per the market statement, we record that 10,65,590 units Swift has produced, and all of

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those are sold. The respective market share of this model is 2.06% and it costs £15700.00. On the
other hand, 68,724 units of Dezire have been produced and sold to the market with a market
share of 2.70% and costs £35000.00. The newly introduced CIAZ has a market share of 1.32%
and its model price is £26850.00. Total 64, 260 units of CIAZ have been produced and sold. The
production of CIAZ engages 1500 workforce, whereas swift engages 2500 workforce and Dezire
associates 1722 workforce. The entire production cost of these models has been divided into
various segments including material cost, design and options cost, and labour cost. We have
recorded that the material cost for Swift is £9046.81 and the model's design and options cost is
£3067.23, whereas the model costs £527.72 for its labour. In the case of Dezire, we have
recorded that the model costs £16511.06 for purchasing materials, £8205.84 for its design and
option, whereas £563.78 for its labour. Labour cost has been reduced in the case of these two
cars that adds more profit to the company. However, CIAZ costs £12500.64 for its materials,
£2511.18 for design and option, and £525.21 for its labour. Fleetia has determined a gross
margin that is 19.48% of the production for Swift, 27.77% for Desire, and £42.13% for CIAZ.
However, as observed by us, productivity for Swift is 37.40 units, for desire is 34.85 units, and in
CIAZ's case, it is 42.84units.

As evaluated by our team, Swift has targeted 1,06,590 people as their potential client and Dezire
has targeted 68,724 people. On the other hand, the target population of CIAZ is 64, 260 for
Business Game Round 2. We have further recorded that the company employs a number of
potential employees to increase the performance of their production. Yearly potential
productivity for Swift is 53.31 and the potential productivity of employees with productivity
is63.98. On the other hand, the potential productivity for Dezire is 49.51 and the potential
productivity of employees with productivity is 59.41. The potential productivity for CIAZ is
51.90 and the potential productivity of employees with productivity is 62.28. Along with this,
Swift costs £175.87 of its warranty, Dezire costs £358.83, and CIAZ costs £469.12 for the same
purpose.

As observed, the total workforce in round 2 of Business Game is 5722 and 3 strike days have
been recorded in the entire round. The round indicates the total productivity that is 41.87 with a

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productivity index of 0.98. The associated total market for small vehicles is 5.18, for a medium is
4.86, for large is 2.54, and for luxury is 0.58.

The team has recorded a total sale of £5804.18 with a production cost of £4083.28 and a gross
profit of £1720.90. In this round, the fixed overheads for the company are £379.43, £194.00 for
promotion, and £114.57 for research and development. Moreover, £20.58 has been expensed for
professional charges along with warranty claims of £723.55 and £3.50 for the training cost. In
the entire process total depreciation is £155.47, whereas its operating profit is £779.79 with
£2.88 interest on current account and £46.87 for a loan. The total tax given by the company is
£161.88 with a pre-tax profit of £735.80 and a post-tax profit of £573.93. It has been recorded
that the total cost of sales is £4083.28. The fixed asset of the company costs £1630.75 with a
book value of £1399.27 and a depreciation of - £231.47. However, as per long-term liabilities,
the total amount of the loan is £633.07 and the total employed capital is £1859.78.

As per the calculation related to cash flow, Fleetia holds £783.86 as its opening balance and
£5523.04 for its revenue. The company has taken a loan of £550.00, therefore its closing balance
is £470.36 as it has a negative balance of - £89.64.

Ritz was introduced in the Business Games Round 3 along with the other three previously
introduced models that belong to market segment 1. In this segment, we record that 87,890 units
Swift has produced, and all of those are sold. The respective market shares of this model is1.53%
and it costs £16000.00. On the other hand, a total of 68,724units, 64,260 units, and 47,520 units
of Dezire, CIAZ, and Ritz has been produced and sold. The market share of these models is
2.49%, 1.23%, and 0.83% respectively along with a model price of £35500.00, £27100.00, and
£16200.00. In this stage, every variable related to each model has changed and started the
calculation for the newly introduced Ritz. Total 6122 workforces engaged in this stage with 4
days’ strike. Total sales of £6357.21 have recorded a gross profit of £1895.90 and a production
cost of £4461.31. The total employed capital is £2,820.98 in this stage with a loan of £847.89.

As per the calculation related to cash flow, Fleetia holds £470.36 as its opening balance and
£6311.76 for its revenue in this stage. The company has taken a loan of £450.00, therefore its
closing balance is £1505.01 as it has a negative balance of - £1055.01.

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No new model was included in the Business Games Round 4; therefore, the calculation has been
done based on previous models. Total 99,000 units Swift, 61,696 units Dezire, 83,160 units
CIAZ, and 65,340 units of Ritz have been produced and sold. The market share of these models
is 1.54%, 2.11%, 1.48, and 1.02% respectively along with a model price of £16320.00,
£36210.00, £27624.00, and £16320.00. Total 6922 workforces engaged in this stage with 4 days’
strike. Total sales of £7213.25 have recorded a gross profit of £2278.42 and a production cost of
£4934.84. The total employed capital is £3141.32 in this stage with a loan of £95.39. As per the
calculation related to cash flow, Fleetia holds £2019.92 as its opening balance and closing
balance as no loan has been taken by the company

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3.0 Learning
To set up and run a business a company holder needs various views and knowledge in the field
of finance, marketing, human resources, and operational management. The other factors that help
in running a business are the stakeholder's group both internally and externally affecting the
business performance. Finance acts as the vital functional organ in the business which includes
the collection of funds, creating budget plans for spending in various sectors, and the profit
percentage. A business cannot be run without proper planning and financial structures as said by
Anwar et al. (2018). The next vital factor that influences a business is the marketing strategy,
which helps in identifying the needs of the customers and produce accordingly. The marketing
structure helps in promoting the business and informing the people to buy their interests in them.
The marketing strategy mainly includes the thoughts and ideas that are purposely created, the
message about their branding, and understanding customers demographically, Bel R., (2018).

Another aspect is human resources and operation management where it is found effective in
improving and developing the working performance in gaining business competitive advantages.
Whereas the operation managers help in making effective decisions to the human resource
management in case of providing training, establishing communications between the employees
and the officials, and deciding the payrolls. As opined by Trigeorgis et al. (2017), all these
strategies help in nurturing a business for the long-term and including their internal
developments in every aspect will also help in attracting stakeholders to show their interests in
investing and the customers. While setting up the business the planning was included like, the
finances which will help to build a healthy business by fulfilling the essential needs in which the
stakeholders play an important role. A business setup always needs help from both the internal
and the external investor. Where internal investors are the direct owners and the employees who
work and earn for the company and external investors are the indirect medium like the
customers, suppliers, and creditors.

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 Figure 4: Showing strategic objectives

(Source: Trigeorgis et al. 2017)

Internal stakeholders plan and invest their own money as they possess and work accordingly
were modifications in planning may affect and pressure to change certain aspects of the business
but external stakeholders if not directly linked can also pressurize them to change. In this
business setup, an example can be said; the Government acts as an external investor. The
Government makes changes in the rules of carbon emission that will affect the business
operations indirectly. Marketing strategies on the other hand are made to understand the
customer needs and plan to gain competitive advantages over the rival organizations in the same
market, Gomes et al. (2019). The marketing of the products that the company sells can be done
with the help of media, hanging banners, advertisements in the newspapers and leaflets also, to
reach the customer. The marketing strategies are made by taking sustainable procurement
policies which will help in saving the environment by producing eco-friendly products, reducing
harmful emissions and effects on nature.

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Human Resources and operation management departments help to hire various efficient
employees and laborers to the business with a direct payroll system. The human resources
department helps in keeping an eye on the employee performance, their much-needed training
processes, and managing their developmental roles towards earning company benefits. It helps in
improving the characteristic roles played by them and become more efficient, Sullivan et al.
(2018). By learning all these strategies, I applied them in setting up and running a business and
helped me in earning profits in the last. While organizing the business game, the given name of
the company is 'Fleetia' and consisted of four rounds. In round 1, as a team, a small segment car
called the 'swift' and a large segment car called 'Dezire' was chosen to run the business. In round
2, as a team, a new medium segment car was introduced, named 'CIAZ'. In round 3, as a team, a
newly introduced 'ritz' was a small segment car and in round 4, no new models were introduced.

Various financial strategies that helped me understand the business running strategies are the
budget planning about the total capital needed to be invested during the business startups and
appropriate modifications while running, decision making on the internal and the external
financiers and their effect, dividend profit strategies like, for achieving long-term profit from
revenue before tax should minimum 10% so that in difficult financial conditions the business can
still survive with the help of a back-up strategy while competing with the other opponents in the
market. With the help of earned profits, the production of cars can be increased by 5% from the
previous year with the help of company resources. The aim was also to increase by 2% in the
market shares for both large and city cars and achieve a post-tax profit of £700m by the end of
the fourth year. These financial strategies were made by also keeping in mind about producing
low carbon emission cars to help save the environment and lower effects in climate change.
These strategies will also help in attracting maximum customers with effective price tags and
also the external investors who would act as partners or shareholders to the business. While
investing, some bank loans were also taken to establish the business game which would
sometimes increase, and at last, profit gaining strategies helped in lowering the bank loan
burdens.

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 Figure 5: Showing strategic objectives and analysis of a firm

(Source: Bel R., 2018)

While after completion of round 4, the business game showed a profit in every aspect as targeted.
Total sales from round 1 in (£m) were 2383.64 and increased in round 2 which was in (£m)
5804.18 also shown an increase in round 3 up to 6357.21 and finally increased up to in (£m)
7213.25 in round 4. After the total production of all the variants introduced in the market no
stock in units was found unsold. The shareholder funds in (£m) round 1 was 652.78 which
increased in (£m) round 2 was 1226.71 had further increased in (£m) round 3 was 1973.08 and
finally in (£m) round 4 it was 3045.94. On the other hand, the closing bank balance in (£m)
round 1 was 73.86 which took rise in (£m) round 2 was 470. In (£m) round 3 it was 1505.01 and
finally reached up to 2019.92 (£m) in round 4. When the business was planned to start, after the
first round of production and sales, the outstanding loan amount was 120(£m) which was
increased in round 2 which was 633.07 (£m), then reached higher to 847.89 (£m) in round 3 and
later in round 4 it was lowered and stopped at 95.39 (£m).

These financial ups and downs during the business game thus show the acceptance of the product
in the market and the shareholders found interest in investing. Thus, I found that the financial

15
strategies really help in understanding the total process of assembling the resources, production
management including its cost-effective policies in both the product manufacturing and
investments on employees. By strategizing also helped me understand the cash requirements and
funds were raised that could earn profits to the business and help in returning the loan amounts.
While running the business game, the investors like the customers were very attracted to the
initiative with the low carbon emission policy as prioritized. By looking at the financial growth
and perspective while running the business game, I also think that gaining experiences and
managing skills with less faulty decisions might help in acquiring more customers' interest and
would be profitable to the business. Also increasing targets of market shares will help in
understanding the taste and choice of the people in large markets and city areas with effective,
fair, and affordable pricing.

Introducing any unique feature to the product will make a difference and also gain competitive
advantages in the market before the competitors could reach there. Various interesting offers on
buying and selling the products occasionally or in other times may attract the interests of the
people. The providence of service maintenance is also a market strategy to keep their customers
to oneself and trade between them. The automobile industry has to work more efficiently to sell
their products to the customers over the rivals by convincing with logic, Saeidi et al (2019).
Although marketing strategies are needed to be done to help the organization in defining their
long-term profitable objectives. By collecting past data through marketing strategies it can be
decided to renovate the idea and improvements needed to introduce in the units. It helps in a
structured pattern of working among the teams and their members with positive communication.
It is always seen that the people are interested in making investments which helps to save the
environment for the future. Marketing strategies also include providing loans to the clients that
would help them in fulfilling their desires.

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 Figure 6: Showing strategic mindset

(Source: Gomes et al. 2019)

These strategies help in acquiring the targeted revenues and increase the number of sales of the
product. Marketing strategies thus gain brand value for the product increasing its demand in the
market. I feel, in marketing strategy, the more the revenue collected, the more in the increase of
production finally leading to achieving profits. Thus, the strategy of marketing helps in deciding
the pricing, selling a product according to the region, promoting characteristics, distributing to
their distributors, service management, and skills required in planning marketing strategies. The
choosing of the names of the products also helps in acquiring places into the mind of the people.

Human resources and operational management are separate fields in maintaining an organization
but they work simultaneously. Where human resources are responsible for the employment
recruitments of a firm or organization as well as they control their working performance
according to the need. Human Resource management thus informs about the required sources in
various sections of the organizations with a planned strategy to the operation management for
allotting. The operations management works on the payroll system, proposed training programs,
development of clear communications between the decisions, and rules among the organizational
officials and employees. The operation management team looks into the modifications of the
policies as and when needed. While running the business game, I found both the human resource
and operations management to be very precisely working units that help in strategizing the
models of the business and their successful implementations. They looked into the technical

17
improvements, loans, cost-effective pricing, labor charges, and other resource handling sections
which would help in gaining profit and benefits to the company.

Figure 7: Showing human resource management operations

(Source: Anwar et al. 2018)

The human resource department proposes providing healthcare benefit plans for the employees
and the stakeholders to the operations management. The operations management then makes
decisions about the amount to be provided with the permission of the owners according to the
margin of profits, Saeidi et al (2019). Thus it can be said that the human resource department
acts as an administrative department to an organization whereas the operation management
modifies and implement. I found the human resource management department helped in
scheduling various meetings with the banks, external stakeholders, and the clients who showed
their interest in investing. The human resource department also takes decisions in providing the
offers to the customers and gaining experiences about their needs. I found while selling the
products, a questionnaire including demographic data of the clients or customers as well as their
experience and needs were questioned. These helped in identifying the needs and tastes of the
customers in which direction the market is moving. These departments work hand in hand to
negotiate among the relationships within the employees, officials, and the customers by

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providing incentives to the employees, offers to the customers, and with this help, a highly
profitable margin to the company.

Figure 8: Showing operation management

(Source: Sullivan et al. 2018)

4.0 Team performance

Team performance and group decisions determine two major parts of Business Games and
motivate the team members to learn better. The process requires more engagement, brain,
training, and player power to attain success. An efficient team has been assigned to pursue four
rounds of this particular business game. The participants have worked harder and methodically in
order to figure out perfect calculations related to production, sales, profit, and other
measurements of the company named Fleetia.

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 Figure 9: Process to Enhance Project Team Performance

(Source: free-management-ebooks.com, 2021)

Before continuing with the job, all team members have examined and evaluated the entire
scenario and have proceeded on the basis of findings. Various domains related to the entire
business framework have been scrutinized and the outcomes serve as the base of the next round
of Business Game. However, learning and performance related to teamwork can be segmented
into three particular areas:

● Data entry
● Teaching and learning process
● Exit data

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 Figure 10: Managing Project Team Performance

(Source: ckju.net, 2021)

In the entire process, the team mostly deals with data that are related to finance and cash flow
including sales, profit, cash position, owners’ equity, dividends paid out, loans, financial
depreciation, and occasionally market share. It can be seen from the company performance,
teamwork plays a predominant role in increasing the profit and market share of the company. On
the other hand, it can be seen that the company has reduced its production cost and insurance
cost due to the efficiency of its team members. On the other hand, decision-making stands as a
critical point that has a direct impact on the entire scenario of the company. The mutual decisions
taken by the team members help the company to earn more revenue while maintaining the
workforce and other resources strategically to perform best. Moreover, precise planning would
help improve the entire business collection by proposing modern technological features into the
product to make it entertaining and comfortable.

About the team performance, it shows that 'swift' was found to be produced in larger quantities in
round 2 without failing to sell the stock fully. The net profit income in round 1 was (£m) 622.28,
which increased up to (£m) 1720.90 in round 2. Further increase in round 3 was 1895.90 (£m)
and in round 4 it was 2278.42 (£m), individually. The market share went up in the sale of some
models specifically and in some individual rounds which gave an idea about the need for a
product in large and city areas. Post-tax revenue was according to the closing bank balance was
2019.92 (£m) at the end of round 4. The loan amount was lowered at around 4 up to 95.39(£m)
from the previous round 3 that was 847.89 (£m). These evaluations thus help me understand the

21
values of the strategies that are required for running a business. I find more precise evaluations
and planning would help improve the revenue collection by introducing the latest technological
features into the product that will help in the entertainment and comfortable. It will also raise a
step higher competing with the rivals to turn people towards them. I learned about effective
decision-making skills while running the business which helped in earning profits.

In this technological era, performance measures are considered by various companies for
business simulations and other purposes. Along with time, the traditional financial measures
seem to be not appropriate for future initiatives. Due to the demand for alternatives, the model of
Business Games has been appreciated both by administration and students as a future scope.

5.0 Conclusion
The strategies that were made to run the business game have met with their objectives as
implemented from the learning. The objectives included producing a low carbon-emitting car
that would be less harmful to the environment and taking an evolutionary charge to impact
climate change. This initiation made people thinks of it as a unique initiative to help in saving
nature. The number of products that were produced in all the rounds in total was sold fully. The
revenue collected from each round helped in lowering the loan amount taken from the debtors,
creditors, and the bank. The revenue collected from each round thus helped in increasing the
production of the product from the next round. The market shares also increased resulting in
gaining profits. The shareholder's fund increased itself from round 1 to 4 in a large amount.

22
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Appendices

APPENDIX 1: Showing the importance and value of operation management

32
 (Source: Saeidi et al 2019)

APPENDIX 2: Showing working operations of human resource management

33
 (Source: Trigeorgis et al. 2017)

APPENDIX 3: Showing strategic management performance sysytem

34
 (Source: Bel R., 2018)

APPENDIX 4: Showing benefits of strategic management

35
 (Source: Sullivan et al. 2018)

APPENDIX 5: Showing the elements of a successful digital marketing strategy

36
(Source: Gomes et al. 2019)

37
Appendix 6: Automotive Industry

(Source: https://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/what-is-automotive-industry-top-software-in-
automotive-industry/)

38
Appendix 7: Model of Competitive Advantage

(Source: https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/topics/competitive-advantage.html)

39
Appendix 8: Source of Competitive Advantage

(Source: https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-competitive-advantage-3-strategies-that-work-3305828)

40
Appendix 9: 3 Dimensions of Team Effectiveness

(Source: https://mikecardus.com/3-ways-to-evaluate-team-effectiveness/)

41
Appendix 10: Company Performance Analysis

(Source: https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-illustration-company-performance-mission-down-to-
projects-tasks-image47990705)

42