JOHN AMOS COMENIUS (1592-1670)

✓Also known as John Amos Comenius

✓Educational reformer and writer
✓Born in Moravia
✓Poverty delayed his education
✓Wrote 154 books
✓Father of Modern Education
 WORKS
ORBIS PICTUS SENSUALIUM
(World of Sensible Things Pictured)
- First Picture books
THE GREAT DIDACTIC
- Encompassed Christian worldview in learning from
God’s second book
 Principles Comenius observed in Nature applicable to
Education
1. Nature observes suitable time
2. Nature prepares the material, before she begins to give it form
3. Nature chooses a fit subject to act upon, or first submits one to a suitable
treatment in order to make it fit.
4. Nature is not confused in its operations, but in its forward progress advances
distinctly from one point o another.
5. In all the operations of nature , development is from within
6. Nature in its formative process begins with the universal and ends with the
particular
7. Nature makes no leaps but proceeds step by step
8. If nature commences anything, it does not leave off until the operation is
completed
9. Nature carefully avoids obstacles and things likely to cause hurt
JOHN LOCKE ( 1632-1704)
✓Father of English Empiricism
✓Exponent of disciplinism
✓Protested against the study of Latin and
Greek
✓ Tabula Rasa
✓Dualist
✓Acquire knowledge with five senses
FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626)
✓ Inductive Method
✓ Novum Organum
✓ New Atlantis
✓ Idols the Mind

NOVUM ORGANUM
- The pulling down of signs and causes of errors within
sciences
- Achieved by three refutations
1. IDOLS
2. SYLLOGISM
3. TRADITIONAL PHILOSOPHICAL SYSTEMS
IDOLS
- Four headings
- Classified the intellectual fallacies of his time
- Fixations

IDOLS OF THE MIND

1. Idols of the Tribe
2. Idols of the Cave
3. Idols of Market Place
4. Idols of the Theater
RICHARD MULCASTER (1531-1611)
✓ English Schoolmaster
✓ Theories are not yet accepted even after 250
years of death
✓ Training for teachers
✓ Adequate salaries
✓ PTA
✓ Area of socialization
✓ Individual differences
FRANCOIS FENELON (1651-1715)
✓Activist French educator
✓Tutoring the grandson of Louis zIV
✓Appointment to academie Francaise
✓Embracing Quietism
✓Publication of Telemaque
✓Exiled to his diocese
WOLFGANG RATKE (1571-1635)
✓ Wolfgang Ratich
✓ One of the next celebrated exponents of Educational
Theory
✓ One of practical demonstrations
✓ German Educator
✓ Teaching in accordance with child’s nature
✓ Principle of repetition
✓ to ensure mastery
✓ Education rather than instruction
MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1456)
✓ German religious reformer
✓ Inaugurator of protestant reformation
✓ State-founded compulsory education for both
sexes
✓ Leader revolt against ecclesiastical
abolitionism
✓ Translation of Bible into Vulgar tongue
✓ Extend blessing of Education to common
people
✓ Protestantism
ST. JOHN BAPTIST DE LA SALLE (1651-1719)
✓ Founded institute of Brethren of Christian School
✓ Teach the poor and underprivileged
✓ Introduce practical teacher training program
✓ Patron Saint of teachers
✓ Courses of study for elementary free schools
✓ Technical schools
✓ Colleges
✓ System of Psychologic Pedagogy
✓ Profound thinker
✓ Populr education
✓ Embraced all classes all conditions of Society
✓ Free schools
JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI (1746-1872)
✓ Aim to psychologize education
✓ Combined physical, moral, intellectual, and manual work
✓ Helping children to learn by experience and observation\
✓ Development of thinking about pedagogy
✓ Keep in equilibrium : 3 elements ( hands, heart , head)

SIX PRINCIPLES
1.Personality is sacred
2. Childs potentiality
3.Love sole and everlasting foundation in work
4.Anschauung
5. Perception of Anschauung
6. Action – repetition - Anschauung
SIGNIFICANCE TO INFORMAL EDUCATORS

1. Concern with social justice and commitment

to work to those who suffered within society
2. Paradigms as a way of thinking about the form
education should take.
3. Equilibrium between elements
4. Tyranny and correctness
FRIEDRICH WILHELM AUGUST FROEBEL (1782-
1852)
✓ Function of teacher was to promote the growth of child
✓ He stressed:
self-development
spontaneous activity
unfolding the best in child
✓ Father of Kindergarten
✓ He formulated:
Philosophy of child development
Pedagogies of Kindergarten
Education by Development
JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART (1776-1841)
✓ German philosopher and educator
✓ Renewed 9th century interest in Realist
✓ Contributions to Philosophy of mind
✓ Rejected whole concept of Faculties
✓ Mental forces rather mere ideas
✓ Organized but unconscious system,
associated ideas formed
✓ Theory of education applied psychology
 FIVE FORMAL STEPS IN TEACHING
1. PREPARATION
2. PRESENTATION
3. ASSOCIATED
4. GENERALIZATION
5. APLICATION
PEDRO POVEDA (1874-1936)
✓Founder of Teresian association
✓Organized livelihood program for Adults
✓School for children
✓May 4,2003 Canonization
JOHN DEWY (1859-1952)
✓ Development of education thinking in 20th
century
✓ Misinterpreted child centered education
✓ Informal education
✓ A restatement of the relation of reflective
thinking to educative process Boston
✓ Move beyond dualities as progressive and
traditional
MARIA MONTESSORI (1870-1952)
✓ Unique individual
✓ Only child
✓ Think outside of the box
✓ Children learn to their memorable experiences
✓ The Absorbent Mind
✓ Spent life research of truth
✓ Use manipulative didactic material to make
discoveries
✓ Group lesson