GOOD DAY


Mea Jhazel C. Siscar
MAEd – FLT
 EDUCATIONAL
PHILOSOPHER OF
THE FRONTIER
THINKERS OF
EDUCATION
 JEAN-
JACQUES
ROUSSEAU
 Name: Jean-
Jacques Rousseau
Born: June 28, 1712
at Geneva,
Switzerland
Died: July 2, 1778
 Social Contract Theory

“Man was born free, and he is

everywhere in chains.”

EMILE – a famous novel which

tells the story of the boy’s
education from infancy to
adolescent.
 The three influences
worked in shaping his
general philosophy related
to the state of time, varied
experience of his life and
his implusive and
emotional nature.
 NATURALISM
 A concept that firmly
believes that ultimate
reality lies in the nature of
the matter.

 Matter is considered to
be supreme and mind is
the functioning of the
brain that made up of
matter.
 Rousseau said that : “Nature is
good and should be all free
development.”

Therefore, education must be in

harmony with original and
unspoiled human nature.
 AIMS OF
NATURALISM
1.Self expression
2.There has to be
complete freedom given
3.There is no
predetermined aim at all
 Rousseau revolted against the
entire conception of education
which forcing the children to
accept model of adult.
The goal of his education
is to “create learning
environment that allow
the children to innate
natural goodness which
rely sensation and
experience with the
nature”.
 “The role of the teacher was
to assist the nature rather than
posting convention to
children.”
Rousseau used the
following key ideas to
form his educational
philosophy:

a.Childhood is an
important foundation of
human development.
b.Children’s natural
interest and instincts
c.Human beings, in their
infancy in their life
cycles.
d.Adult coercion has a
negative impact on
children’s development.
 JOHANN
HEINRICH
PESTALOZZI
 Name: Johann
Heinrich
Pestalozzi
Born: January
12,1746 at Zurich
Died:February
17,1827
He is Swiss social reformer and
educator, also known as “The
Father of Modern Education”.
His motto was “Learning by head,
hand and heart”.
 Head: not imposing knowledge,
stimulate curiosity
 Heart: moral education, “without it, the
other types would lose their sense of
direction”.
 Hands : learning through physical
activities, grasping the world.
 Education is a social
process of organized
growth and development.
 Education should be in
accordance with laws of
natural growth and
development of the child.
 Lessons were to be
learned through direct
experience.
“Education is the natural,
harmonious and progressive
development of man’s innate
powers”.
Pestalozzi employed the
following principles in
teaching:
1.Begin with the concrete
object before introducing
abstract concepts.
2.Begin with immediate
environment before dealing
with what is distant and
remote.
Pestalozzi employed the
following principles in
teaching:
3.Begin easy exercises or
activities before
introducing complex ones.
4.Always proceed
gradually, cumulatively,
and slowly.
Pestalozzi’s approach has had
massive influence on
education:
1.The interests and needs of the
child.
2.A child-centered rathan than
teacher-centered approach of
teaching.
3.Active rather than passive
participation in the learning
experience.
4.The freedom of the child based
on his or her natural development.
5.The child having direct
experience of the world.
6. The use of senses in training
pupils.
7.Cooperation between school and
home, parents and teachers.
8.Learning which is cross-
curricular and includes a varied
school life.
9.Education which puts emphasis
on how things are taught as well as
what is taught.
10.Authority based on love, not
fear.
“You plant a tiny seed
in the ground; in that
seed lies the whole
nature of the tree”.
JOHN DEWEY
 Name: John
Dewey
Born: October
20,1859 at
Burlington,
Vermont, United
States
Died:June 1, 1952
An American philosopher,
psychologist, and educational
reformer whose ideas have been
influential in education and social
reform. He also known as the
“Modern Father of Experiental
Education”.
 Educational Dicta of John
Dewey:
1.Education is life.
2.Education is growth.
3.Education is social process.
4.Education is reconstruction of
human experiences.
General Characteristics
of Dewey’s Philosophy

1.Pragmatic – it holds
that the criterion or test
of the truth ang goodness
of things.
General Characteristics
of Dewey’s Philosophy

2.Experimental – it insists
on experimental
verification as the one
reliable way to the
workability of an idea.
General Characteristics
of Dewey’s Philosophy

3.Instrumental – it
teaches that the function
of thought is to guide
action.
General Characteristics
of Dewey’s Philosophy

4.Empiricist – it limits
true knowledge to
knowledge of this world of
experience.
General Characteristics
of Dewey’s Philosophy

5.Naturalistic – it regards
nature and the world
around us as constituting
true reality .
Dewey stressed the principle that
“moral responsibility is social
responsibility”.
Man cannot live in a society without
assuming moral obligations. Rights
also are social, since a person cannot
claim his rights without accepting
the responsibility to them.
“Education, therefore,
is a process of living
and not a preparation
of future living.”
 Education is learning by doing.
 The center of education is the
child’s own social activities.
 The school is primarily a social
institution.
 Dewey argued that the
primary purpose of
education and schooling is
not so much prepare
students to live a useful
life, but to teach them
how to live pragmatically
and immediately in their
current environment.
 “Education is not
preparation for life;
education is life itself.”
References:
Bauzon,Prisciliano
T. Fundamental Philosophies of Edu
cation.
Education.Rex
Publishing House, Inc., 2012
Duka,Cecilio Ed.D. D.Philosophy of
Education.Rex
Publishing House, Inc.,2006 www.jh
pestalozzi.org
www.ukessays.com
www.philosophybasics.com
THANK YOU
AND
GODBLESS
