© Praadis Education Do Not Copy: Chapter - 2 Polynomials

CHAPTER – 2
POLYNOMIALS
Exercise 2.1
Page No 2.33:
Question 1: Find the zeros of each of the following quadratic
polynomial and verify the relationship between the zeros and their
T IO S
coefficients:
I
(i) f(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8
NO A D
CO N
A
(ii) g(𝑠) = 4𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 1
PY
(iii) h(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 15
DO U A
T
(iv) 6𝑥 2 − 3 − 7𝑥
ED PR
(v) 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6

C
(vi) 𝑞(𝑥) = √3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 7√3

©
(vii)f(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − (√3 + 1) 𝑥 + √3
(viii) g(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 1) − 𝑥 (𝑎2 + 1)
(ix) ℎ(𝑠) = 2𝑠 2 − (1 + 2√2)𝑠 + 2√2
(x) 𝑓(𝑣) = 𝑣 2 + 4√3𝑣 − 15
3√5
(xi) 𝑝(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 + 𝑦−5
2
11 2
(xii) 𝑞(𝑦) = 7𝑦 2 − 𝑦−
3 3
ANSWER:
(i) We have,
f(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 – 8
f(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 8
f(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 (𝑥 + 2) − 4(𝑥 + 2)
f(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 4)
The zeros of f(𝑥) are given by
f(𝑥) = 0
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8 = 0
T IO S I
(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 4) = 0
NO A D
CO N
𝑥+2=0
A
𝑥 = −2
PY
DO U A
Or
T
ED PR
x−4=0
x=4
C
©
Thus, the zeros of f(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8 are α = −2 and β = 4

Now,
Sum of the zeros = 𝛼 + 𝛽
= (−2) + 4
= −2 + 4
=2
and
−Coefficient of 𝑥
=
Coefficient of 𝑥 2
−2
=( )
1
=2
Therefore, sum of the zeros =
Product of the zeros = 𝛼𝛽

=−2×4
= −8
and
T IO S
Constant term
I
−8
NO A D
CO N
=
1
A
=8
PY
DO U A
Therefore,
T
ED PR
Constant term
Product of the zeros =
Hence, the relation-ship between the zeros and coefficient are verified.
C
©
(ii) Given g(𝑠) = 4𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 1

When have,
g(𝑠) = 4𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 1
g(𝑠) = 4𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 1
g(𝑠) = 2𝑠 (2𝑠 − 1) − 1(2𝑠 − 1)
g(𝑠) = (2𝑠 − 1) (2𝑠 − 1)
The zeros of g(s) are given by
g(𝑠) = 0
4𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 1 = 0
(2𝑠 − 1) (2𝑠 − 1) = 0
(2𝑠 − 1) = 0
2𝑠 = +1
+1
𝑠=
2
Or
(2𝑠 − 1) = 0
T IO S
2𝑠 = 1
I
1
𝑠=
NO A D
CO N
2
A
Thus, the zeros of g(𝑠) = 4𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 1 are
PY
DO U A
1 1
α = and β =
2 2
T
ED PR
Now, sum of the zeros = α + β

1 1
= +
C
2 2
©
1+1
=
2
2
=
2
=1
and
−4
=−
4
4
=
4
=1

1 1
= ×
2 2
1
=
4
Constant term
and =
T IO S
1
=
4
I
=8
NO A D
CO N
A
Therefore,
PY
DO U A
Constant term
T
ED PR
C
(iii) Given ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 15

©
We have,
ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 15
2
ℎ(𝑡) = (𝑡)2 − (√15)
ℎ(𝑡) = (𝑡 + √15) (𝑡 − √15)

The zeros of ℎ(𝑡) are given by
ℎ(𝑡) = 0
(𝑡 − √15) (𝑡 + √15) = 0
(𝑡 − √15) = 0
𝑡 = √15
or
(𝑡 + √15) = 0
𝑡 = −√15
Hence, the zeros of ℎ(𝑡) are α = √15 and β = − √15.
Now,
T IO S
I
NO A D = √15 + (−√15)
CO N
A
= √15 − √15
PY
DO U A
=0
T
ED PR
and =
0
=
C
1
©
=0
and
= √15 × −√15
= −15
and =
Constant term
−15
=
1
= −15
Therefore,
Constant term
(iv) Given 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 2 − 3 − 7𝑥
T IO S
We have, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 3
I
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3
NO A D
CO N
A
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥(2𝑥 − 3) + 1 (2𝑥 − 3)
PY
𝑓(𝑥 ) = (3𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 − 3)
DO U A
T
The zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ) are given by
ED PR
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 0
6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 3 = 0
C
©
(3𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 − 3) = 0
3𝑥 + 1 = 0
3𝑥 = −1
−1
𝑥=
3
Or
2𝑥 − 3 = 0
2𝑥 = 3
3
𝑥=
2
−1 3
Thus, the zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 3 are α = and β = .
3 2
Now,
Sum of the zeros = α + β
−1 3
= +
3 2
−1×2 3×3
= +
3×2 2×3
−2 9
= +
9 6
7
T IO S
=
6
I
and =
NO A D
CO N
A
−(−7)
=
6
PY
DO U A
7
=
T
6
ED PR
C
and
©

−1 3
= ×
3 2
−1
=
2
Constant term
and =
−3
=
6
−1
=
2
Therefore,
Constant term
Hence, the relation between the zeros and its coefficient are verified.
(v) Given 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6

We have,
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3√2𝑥 + √2𝑥 − 6
T IO S
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑥(𝑥 + 3√2) − √2𝑥(𝑥 + 3√2)
I
NO A D
𝑝(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − √2)(𝑥 + 3√2)
CO N
A
The zeros of 𝑝(𝑥 ) are given by
PY
DO U A
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 0
T
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6
ED PR
𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6 = 0
C
(𝑥 − √2)(𝑥 + 3√2) = 0
©
(𝑥 − √2) = 0
𝑥 = √2
Or
(𝑥 + 3√2) = 0
𝑥 = 3√2
Thus, The zeros of 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6 are α = √2 and β = −3√2.
Now,
= √2 − 3√2
= +√2(1 − 3)
= √2(−2)
= −2√2
and
T IO S
−6
I
=
1
NO A D
CO N
= −6
A
PY
DO U A
T
and
ED PR
Product of the zeros = 𝛼 × 𝛽

C
= √2 × −3√2
©
= −3 × 2
= −6
and
Constant term
−6
=
1
= −6
Therefore,
Constant term
(vi) Given 𝑞(𝑥) = √3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 7√3
We have, 𝑞(𝑥) = √3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 7√3
𝑞 (𝑥 ) = √3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 7√3
𝑞 (𝑥 ) = √3𝑥 2 + √3 × √3 × 𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 7√3
𝑞 (𝑥 ) = √3𝑥(𝑥 + √3) + 7(𝑥 + √3)
T IO S
𝑞 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + √3)(√3𝑥 + 7)
I
NO A D
The zeros of g(𝑥) are given by
CO N
A
g(𝑥 ) = 0
PY
DO U A
√3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 7√3 = 0
T
ED PR
(𝑥 + √3)(√3𝑥 + 7) = 0
𝑥 + √3 = 0
C
©
𝑥 = −√3
Or
√3 + 7 = 0
√3𝑥 = −7
−7
𝑥=
√3
−7
Thus, the zeros of 𝑞(𝑥) = √3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 7√3 are α = −√3 and β = .
√3
Now,
−7
= √3 −
√3
−√3×√3 −7
= +
1×√3 √3
−3 −7
= +
√3 √3
−3−7
=
√3
−10
=
√3
T IO S
and =
I
NO A D
−(+10)
CO N
=
A
√3
−10
PY
=
DO U A
√3
T
ED PR

and
C

©
−7
= √3 ×
√3
= +7
and =
7√3
=
√3
=7
Constant term
Therefore, Product of the zeros =
(vii) Given f(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − (√3 + 1) 𝑥 + √3
f(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − √3 − 1𝑥 + √3
f(𝑥 ) = 𝑥(𝑥 − √3) − 1(𝑥 + √3)
f(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − √3)

The zeros of ƒ(x) are given by
T IO S
f(𝑥 ) = 0
I
NO A D
f(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − (√3 + 1) 𝑥 + √3 = 0
CO N
A
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − √3) = 0
PY
DO U A
(𝑥 − 1) = 0
T
ED PR
𝑥 =0+1
𝑥=0
C
Or
©
𝑥 − √3 = 0
𝑥 = 0 + √3
𝑥 = √3
Thus, the zeros of 𝑥 2 − (√3 + 1) 𝑥 + √3 are α = 1 and 𝛽 = √3
Now,
Sum of zeros = α + β
= 1 + √3
= 1 + √3
And, =
−(√3+1)
=
1
−(√3+1)
=
1
T IO S
= 1 + √3
I
NO A D = √3
CO N
A
Constant term
and =
PY
DO U A
√3
T
=
ED PR
= √3
C
Constant term
©
(viii) Given g(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 1) − 𝑥 (𝑎2 + 1)

g(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 𝑥
g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑎) − 1(𝑥 − 𝑎)
g(𝑥 ) = (𝑥𝑎 − 1)(𝑥 − 𝑎)
The zeros of g(𝑥 ) are given by
g(𝑥 ) = 0
𝑎𝑥 2 − (𝑎2 + 1)𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0
𝑥𝑎 − 1 = 0
𝑥𝑎 = 1
1
𝑥=
𝑎
or
𝑥−𝑎 =0
𝑥=𝑎
T IO S
Thus, the zeros of g(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 − (𝑎2 + 1)𝑥 + 𝑎 are
I
1
𝛼=
NO A D
and 𝛽 = 𝑎
CO N
𝑎
A
PY
DO U A
1
= +𝑎
𝑎
T
ED PR
1 𝑎×𝑎
= +
𝑎 1×𝑎
1+𝑎2
C
=
𝑎
©
and =
−(𝑎2 +1)
=
𝑎
𝑎2 +1
=
𝑎

1
= +𝑎
𝑎
1
= +𝑎
𝑎
=1
Constant term
and =
𝑎
=
𝑎
𝑎
=
𝑎
=1
Constant term
T IO S
I
NO A D
CO N
(ix) ℎ(𝑠) = 2𝑠 2 − (1 + 2√2)𝑠 + 2√2
A
PY
ℎ(𝑠) = 2𝑠 2 − 𝑠 − 2√2𝑠 + √2
DO U A
T
ℎ(𝑠) = 𝑠(2𝑠 − 1) − √2(2𝑠 − 1)
ED PR
ℎ(𝑠) = (2𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − √2)

C
The zeros of h(s) are given by

©
ℎ(𝑠) = 0
2𝑠 2 − (1 + 2√2)𝑠 + √2 = 0
(2𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − √2) = 0
(2𝑠 − 1) = 0 or (𝑠 − √2) = 0
1
𝑠= or 𝑠 = √2
2
1
Thus, the zeros of ℎ(𝑠) = (2𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − √2) are 𝛼 = and 𝛽 = √2.
2
Now,
1
= + √2
2
And
−Coefficient of 𝑠
Coefficient of 𝑠2
−(1+2√2)
= −( )
2
1+2√2
=
2
T IO S
1
= + √2
I
2
NO A D −Coefficient of 𝑠
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
1 1
T
= + √2 =
ED PR
2 √2
Constant term
and =
C
√2 1
©
= =
2 √2
Constant term
(x) 𝑓(𝑣) = 𝑣 2 + 4√3𝑣 − 15

f(𝑣) = 𝑣 2 + 5√3𝑣 − √3𝑣 − 15
= 𝑣 2 − √3𝑣 + 5√3𝑣 − 15
= 𝑣(𝑣 − √3) + 5√3(𝑣 − √3)
= (𝑣 − √3)(𝑣 + 5√3)
The zeros of f(v) are given by
𝑓(𝑣) = 0
𝑣 2 + 4√3𝑣 − 15 = 0
(𝑣 + 5√3)(𝑣 − √3) = 0
(𝑣 − √3) = 0 or (𝑣 + 5√3) = 0
T IO S
𝑣 = √3 𝑜𝑟 𝑣 = −5√3
I
NO A D
Thus, the zeros of 𝑓(𝑣) = (𝑣 − √3)(𝑣 + 5√3) are 𝛼 = √3 and 𝛽 =
CO N
A
−5√3.
PY
DO U A
Now,
T
ED PR
= √3 − 5√3 = −4√3
C
and
©
−Coefficient of 𝑣
Coefficient of 𝑣 2
−4√3
= = −4√3
1

= √3 × (−5√3) = −15
Constant term
and =
Coefficient of 𝑣 2
−15
= = −15
1
Constant term
3√5
(xi) 𝑝(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 + 𝑦−5
2
1
𝑝(𝑦) = (2𝑦 2 + 4√5𝑦 − √5𝑦 − 10)
2
1
T IO S
= [2𝑦(𝑦 + 2√5) − √5(𝑦 + 2√5)]
2
I
1
NO A D
= [(2𝑦 − √5)(𝑦 + 2√5)]
CO N
2
A
The zeros are given by 𝑝(𝑦) = 0.
PY
DO U A
1 √5
Thus, the zeros of 𝑝(𝑦) = (2𝑦 − √5)(𝑦 + 2√5) are 𝛼 = and β =
T 2 2
ED PR
−2√5.
Now,
C

©
√5 √5−4√5 −3√5
= − 2√5 = =
2 2 2
and
−Coefficient of 𝑦
Coefficient of 𝑦 2
−3√5
2 −3√5
= =
1 2

√5
= × (−2√5)
2
= −5
Constant term
and =
−5
= = −5
1
Constant term
T IO S I
11 2
(xii) 𝑞(𝑦) = 7𝑦 2 − 𝑦−
NO A D 3 3
CO N
1
A
𝑞 (𝑦) = (21𝑦 2 − 11𝑦 − 2)
3
PY
DO U A
1
= (21𝑦 2 − 14𝑦 + 3𝑦 − 2)
3
T
ED PR
1
= [7𝑦(3𝑦 − 2) + 1(3𝑦 − 2)]
3
1
C
= [(7𝑦 + 1)(3𝑦 − 2)]

3
©
The zeros are given by 𝑞(𝑦) = 0.

1 −1 2
Thus, the zeros of 𝑞(𝑦) = (7𝑦 + 1)(3𝑦 − 2) are 𝛼 = and 𝛽 = .
3 7 3
Now,
−1 2
= +
7 3
11
=
21
and
−Coefficient of 𝑦
11
−(−21) 11
= =
7 21

−1 2
= ×
7 3
−2
=
21
T IO S
and
I
NO A D
Constant term
CO N
A
−2
PY
3
=
DO U A
7
T
−2
ED PR
=
21
Constant term
C
©
Page No 2.34:
Question 2: For each of the following, find a quadratic polynomial
whose sum and product respectively of the zeroes are as given. Also find
the zeroes of these polynomials by factorization.
8 4 21 5 −3 1
(i) − , (ii) , (iii) −2√3, −9 (iv) , − Question
3 3 8 16 2√5 2
ANSWER:
We know that a quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of zeroes
are given is
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘{𝑥 2 − (Sum of zeroes)𝑥 + Product of zeroes}
8 4
(i) We have, sum of zeroes = − and product of zeroes =
3 3
8 4
So, the required quadratic polynomial will be 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + )
3 3
8 4
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + )
3 3
𝑘
T IO S
= (3𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4)
3
I
𝑘
NO A D
= (3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 4)
CO N
3
A
𝑘
= (3𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 2(𝑥 + 2))
PY
3
DO U A
𝑘
= (3𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2)
T
3
ED PR
Now, the zeroes are given by f(x) = 0.

2
C
Thus, 𝑥 = − and 𝑥 = −2
3
©
21 5
(ii) We have, sum of zeroes = and product of zeroes =
8 16
21 5
So, the required quadratic polynomial will be 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥+ )
8 16
21 5
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥+ )
8 16
𝑘
= (16𝑥 2 − 42𝑥 + 5)
16
𝑘
= (16𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 5)
16
𝑘
= (16𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 40𝑥 + 5)
16
𝑘
= (2𝑥(8𝑥 − 1) − 5(8𝑥 − 1))
3
𝑘
= (8𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 − 5)
3

1 5
Thus, 𝑥 = and 𝑥 =
8 2
(iii) We have, sum of zeroes = −2√3 and product of zeroes = −9.

So, the required quadratic polynomial will be
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 + 2√3𝑥 − 9).
T IO S
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 + 2√3𝑥 − 9)
I
NO A D
CO N
= 𝑘(𝑥 2 + 3√3𝑥 − √3𝑥 − 9)
A
PY
= 𝑘(𝑥 + 3√3)(𝑥 − √3)
DO U A
T
ED PR
Thus, 𝑥 = −3√3 and 𝑥 = √3.

−3 −1
C
(iv) We have, sum of zeroes = and product of zeroes =

2√5 2
©
−3 1
So, the required quadratic polynomial will be 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 + − ).
2√5 2
𝑘
𝑓(𝑥 ) = (2√5𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − √5)
2√5
𝑘
= (2√5𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2𝑥 − √5)
2√5
𝑘
= [√5𝑥(2𝑥 + √5) − 1(2𝑥 + √5𝑥)]
2√5
𝑘
= (2𝑥 + √5)(√5𝑥 − 1)
2√5

−√5 1
Thus, 𝑥 = and 𝑥 = .
2 √5
Page No 2.34:
Question 3: If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) =
1 1
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4, find the value of + − 2𝛼𝛽.
𝛼 𝛽
ANSWER:
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −
5𝑥 + 4
Therefore 𝛼 + 𝛽 =
T IO S
I
−(5)
=
1 NO A D
CO N
A
=5
PY
Constant term
DO U A
𝛼𝛽 =
T
ED PR
4
=
1
=4
C
©
1 1
We have, + − 2𝛼𝛽
𝛼 𝛽
1 1 1 1
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 = × − 2𝛼𝛽
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽
1 1 𝛼+𝛽
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 = − 2𝛼𝛽
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 5 and 𝛼𝛽 = 4 we get ,

1 1 5
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 = − 2(4)
𝛼 𝛽 4
1 1 5 8×4
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 = −
𝛼 𝛽 4 1×4
Taking least common factor we get,

1 1 5−32
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 =
𝛼 𝛽 4
1 1 −27
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 =
𝛼 𝛽 4
1 1 −27
Hence, the value of + − 2𝛼𝛽 is .
𝛼 𝛽 4
Page No 2.34:
T IO S
Question 4: If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑝(𝑦) =
1 1
I
5𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 + 1, find the value of + .
NO A D 𝛼 𝛽
CO N
A
ANSWER:
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑝(𝑦) = 5𝑦 2 −
PY
DO U A
7𝑦 + 1
T
ED PR
𝛼+𝛽 =
(−7)
C
=−
5
©
7
=
5
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
1
=
5
1 1 𝛼+𝛽
We have, + −
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
7 1
By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = and 𝛼𝛽 = we get ,
5 5
7
1 1 5
+ − 1
𝛼 𝛽
5
1 1 7 5
+ = ×
𝛼 𝛽 5 1
1 1
+ =7
𝛼 𝛽
1 1
Hence, the value of + is 7.
𝛼 𝛽
Page No 2.34:
T IO S
Question 5: If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
1 1
I
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 4, find the value of + − 𝛼𝛽.
NO A D 𝛼 𝛽
CO N
A
ANSWER:
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomials 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 −
PY
DO U A
𝑥− 4
T
ED PR
sum of the zeros =
1
C
𝛼 + 𝛽 = − [− ]
1
©
1
𝛼+𝛽 =
1
𝛼+𝛽 =1
Constant term
Product if zeros =
−4
𝛼𝛽 =
1
𝛼𝛽 = 4
We have,
1 1
+ − 𝛼𝛽
𝛼 𝛽
𝛼+𝛽
− 𝛼𝛽
𝛼𝛽
1 1 1
+ − 𝛼𝛽 = − (−4)
𝛼 𝛽 −4
1 1 1 4
+ − 𝛼𝛽 = +
𝛼 𝛽 −4 1
1 1 1 4×4
+ − 𝛼𝛽 = +
𝛼 𝛽 −4 1×4
1 1 1 16
+ − 𝛼𝛽 = +
𝛼 𝛽 −4 4
T IO S
1 1 −1+16
+ − 𝛼𝛽 =
I
𝛼 𝛽 4
NO A D
CO N
1 1 15
+ − 𝛼𝛽 =
A
𝛼 𝛽 4
PY
1 1 15
DO U A
Hence, the value of + − 𝛼𝛽 is .
𝛼 𝛽 4
T
ED PR
Page No 2.34:
C
Question 6: If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =

©
1 1
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2, find the value of + .
𝛼 𝛽
ANSWER:
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomials
Sum of the zeros =
1
𝛼 + 𝛽 = − [− ]
1
1
𝛼+𝛽 =
1
𝛼+𝛽 =1
Constant term
Product if zeros =
−2
𝛼𝛽 =
1
𝛼𝛽 = 2
1 1
We have, +
𝛼 𝛽
1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2
( + ) =( ) +( ) +
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
𝛼+𝛽 2 1 2 1 2 2
( ) =( ) +( ) +
𝛼𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
T IO S
𝛼+𝛽 2 1 2 1 2
I
2
( ) − =( ) +( )
𝛼𝛽
NO A D 𝛼𝛽 𝛼 𝛽
CO N
A
By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = −1 and 𝛼𝛽 = −2 we get,
PY
−1 2 2 1 2 1 2
DO U A
( ) − =( ) +( )
−2 −2 𝛼 𝛽
T
ED PR
1 1 2 1 2
+1=( ) +( )
4 𝛼 𝛽
C
1 1×4 1 2 1 2
+ =( ) +( )
©
4 1×4 𝛼 𝛽
1+4 1 2 1 2
=( ) +( )
4 𝛼 𝛽
5 1 2 1 2
=( ) +( )
4 𝛼 𝛽
1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2
( + ) =( ) +( ) −
5 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2
By substituting = ( ) + ( ) in ( ) + ( ) − we get,
4 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
1 1 2 5 2
( + ) = −
𝛼 𝛽 4 −2
1 1 2 5
( + ) = +1
𝛼 𝛽 4
1 1 2 5 1×4
( + ) = +
𝛼 𝛽 4 1×4
1 1 2 5+4
( + ) =
𝛼 𝛽 4
1 1 2 9
( + ) =
𝛼 𝛽 4
Taking square root on both sides we get

2
√( 1 + 1 ) = √3×3
T IO S
𝛼 𝛽 2×2
I
NO A D
1
+
1
=±
3
CO N
𝛼 𝛽 2
A
Hence, the value of is.
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 2.34:
Question 7: If one zero of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 2 −
C
8𝑘𝑥 − 9 is negative of the other, find the value of k.

©
ANSWER:
Since 𝛼 and −𝛼 are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
4𝑥 2 − 8𝑘𝑥 − 9
=0
−8𝑘
=0
4
−8𝑘 = 0 × 4
−8𝑘 = 0
0
𝑘=
−8
𝑘=0
Hence, the Value of 𝑘 is 0.
Page No 2.34:
Question 8: If the sum of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑡) =
𝑘𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 + 3𝑘 is equal to their product, find the value of k.
ANSWER:
Let 𝛼, 𝛽 be the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑘𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 + 3𝑘. Then,
T IO S
I
𝛼+𝛽 =
NO A D
CO N
−2
𝛼+𝛽 =
A
𝑘
PY
Constant term
DO U A
𝛼𝛽 =
T
3𝑘
ED PR
𝛼𝛽 =
𝑘
3𝑘
𝛼𝛽 =
C
𝑘
©
𝛼𝛽 = 3
It is given that the sum of the zero of the quadratic polynomial is equal
to their product then, we have
𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝛼𝛽
−2
=3
𝑘
−2 = 3 × 𝑘
−2
=𝑘
3
−2
Hence, the value of k is
3
Page No 2.34:
Question 9: If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑝(𝑥 ) =
4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 1, find the value of α2 β + αβ2 .
ANSWER:
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomials 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 2 −
5𝑥 − 1
Sum of the zeros =
T IO S
5
I
𝛼 + 𝛽 = − (− )
NO A D 4
CO N
5
A
𝛼+𝛽 =
4
PY
Constant term
DO U A
Product if zeros =
T
ED PR
1
𝛼𝛽 = −
4
We have, α2 β + αβ2
C
©
α2 β + αβ2 = 𝛼𝛽(𝛼 + 𝛽 )
5 1
By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = and 𝛼𝛽 = − in, α2 β + αβ2 = 𝛼𝛽 (𝛼 + 𝛽 )
4 4
we get
1 5
α2 β + αβ2 = − ( )
4 4
1 5
α2 β + αβ2 = ×
4 4
5
α2 β + αβ2 = −
16
5
Hence, the value of α2 β + αβ2 is − .
6
Page No 2.34:
Question 10: If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 4𝑡 + 3, find the value of 𝛼 4 𝛽 3 + 𝛼 3 𝛽 4 .
ANSWER:
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial
𝛼+𝛽 =
T IO S
−(−4)
=
1
I
NO A D=4
CO N
A
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
PY
DO U A
3
=
1
T
ED PR
=3
We have 𝛼 4 𝛽 3 + 𝛼 3 𝛽 4
C
©
𝛼 4 𝛽3 + 𝛼 3 𝛽 4 = 𝛼 3 𝛽 3 (𝛼 + 𝛽 )
𝛼 4 𝛽3 + 𝛼 3 𝛽 4 = (𝛼𝛽 )3 (𝛼 + 𝛽 )
𝛼 4 𝛽3 + 𝛼 3 𝛽 4 = (3)3 (4)
𝛼 4 𝛽3 + 𝛼 3 𝛽 4 = 27 × 4
𝛼 4 𝛽3 + 𝛼 3 𝛽 4 = 108
Hence, the value of 𝛼 4 𝛽 3 + 𝛼 3 𝛽4 is 18.
Page No 2.34:
𝛼 𝛽
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2, find the value of + .
𝛽 𝛼
ANSWER:
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratics polynomial
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2,
Sum of the zeros =
1
𝛼+𝛽 =−
6
Constant term
Product if zeros =
T IO S
I
−2
𝛼𝛽 =
NO A D
6
CO N
1
A
𝛼𝛽 = −
3
PY
DO U A
𝛼+𝛽
We have,
𝛽+𝛼
T
ED PR
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼 2 +𝛽 2
=
𝛽+𝛼 𝛼𝛽
C
𝛼+𝛽 (𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽

=
©
𝛽+𝛼 𝛼𝛽
−1 1
By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = and 𝛼𝛽 = − we get ,
6 3
−1 2 1
𝛼+𝛽 ( 6 ) −2(−3)
= 1
𝛽+𝛼 −3
1 2
𝛼+𝛽 +
36 3
= −1
𝛽+𝛼
3
1 24
𝛼+𝛽 +
36 36
= −1
𝛽+𝛼
3
25
𝛼+𝛽 36
= −1
𝛽+𝛼
3
𝛼+𝛽 25 3
= ×
𝛽+𝛼 3612 −1
𝛼+𝛽 25
=
𝛽+𝛼 12
𝛼 𝛽 −25
Hence, the value of + is .
𝛽 𝛼 12
Page No 2.34:
T IO S
I
𝛼 𝛽 1 1
𝑝(𝑠) = 3𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 4, find the value of + + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽.
NO A D 𝛽 𝑎 𝛼 𝛽
CO N
A
ANSWER:
PY
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑝(𝑠) = 3𝑠 2 −
DO U A
6𝑠 + 4
T
ED PR
𝛼+𝛽 =
C
−(−6)
𝛼+𝛽 =
©
3
62
𝛼+𝛽 =
3
𝛼+𝛽 =2
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
4
𝛼𝛽 =
3
𝛼 𝛽 1 1
We have, + + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽
𝛽 𝑎 𝛼 𝛽
𝛼2 + 𝛽2 1 1
= + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽
𝛼𝛽 𝛼 𝛽
(𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽 𝛼+𝛽

= + 2( ) + 3𝛼𝛽
𝛼𝛽 𝛼𝛽
4
By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 2 and 𝛼𝛽 = we get ,
3
4
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 (2)2 −2( ) (2) 4
3
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 = 4 + 2( 4 )+ 3( )
𝛽 𝑎 𝛼 𝛽 3
3 3
8
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 4−3 4 12
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 = 4 + 4 +
3 3
4×3 8
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 −
1×3 3 4 12
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 = 4 + 4 +
T IO S
3 3
12−8
I
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 3 4 12
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 = + +
𝛽 𝑎
NO A D
𝛼 𝛽 4 4
3
CO N
3 3
A
4
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 3 4 12
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 = + +
PY
4 4
DO U A
3 3
T
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 4 3 4×3 12
ED PR
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 = × + +
𝛽 𝑎 𝛼 𝛽 3 4 4 3
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 12 12
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 = 1 + +
C
𝛽 𝑎 𝛼 𝛽 4 3
©
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 1×12 12×3 12×4

+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 = + +
𝛽 𝑎 𝛼 𝛽 1×12 4×3 3×4
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 12+36+48
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 =
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 48+48
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 =
𝛼 𝛽 1 1 968
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 =
𝛼 𝛽 1 1
+ + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 = 8
𝛽 𝑎 𝛼 𝛽
𝛼 𝛽 1 1
Hence, the value of + + 2 ( + ) + 3𝛼𝛽 is 8.
𝛽 𝑎 𝛼 𝛽
Page No 2.35:
2 𝛼2 𝛽2 𝑝2 4𝑝2
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞, prove that + = − + 2.
𝛽2 𝛼2 𝑞2 𝑞
ANSWER:
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 −
𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
T IO S
𝛼+𝛽 =
I
−(−𝑝)
NO A D
=
1
CO N
A
=𝑝
PY
DO U A
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
T
ED PR
𝑞
=
1
=𝑞
C
©
We have,
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 2 ×𝛼 2 𝛽 2 ×𝛽 2
𝛽 2 + 𝛼2
=
𝛽 2 ×𝛼 2 + 𝛼 2 ×𝛽 2
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼4 𝛽4
+ = +
𝛽2 𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼2 𝛼2𝛽2
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 4 +𝛽 4
𝛽 2 + 𝛼2
=
𝛼2 𝛽2
2
𝛼2 𝛽2 (𝛼 2 +𝛽 2 ) −2𝛼 2 𝛽 2
+ =
𝛽2 𝛼2 𝛼2 𝛽2
2
𝛼2 𝛽2 [(𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽] −2(𝛼𝛽)2
+ =
𝛽2 𝛼2 (𝛼𝛽)2
2
𝛼2 𝛽2 [𝑝2 −2𝑞] −2𝑞2
+ =
𝛽2 𝛼2 𝑞2
𝛼2 𝛽2 [𝑝2 ×𝑝2 −2×𝑝2 ×2𝑞+2𝑞×2𝑞]−2𝑞2

𝛽 2 + 𝛼2
=
𝑞2
𝛼2 𝛽2 [𝑝4 −4𝑝2 𝑞+4𝑞2 ]−2𝑞2

+ =
𝛽2 𝛼2 𝑞2
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝑝4 −4𝑝2 𝑞+4𝑞2 −2𝑞2

𝛽 2 + 𝛼2
=
𝑞2
T IO S
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝑝4 −4𝑝2 𝑞+2𝑞2
+ =
𝛽2 𝛼2 𝑞2
I
𝛼2
2 + NO A D
𝛽2
=
𝑝4
2 −
4𝑝2 𝑞
+
2𝑞2
CO N
𝛽 𝛼2 𝑞 𝑞21 𝑞2
A
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝑝4 4𝑝2
PY
+ = − +2
DO U A
𝛽2 𝛼2 𝑞2 𝑞
T
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝑝4 4𝑝2
ED PR
Hence, it is proved that

𝛽 2 + 𝛼 2 is equal to 𝑞 2 − 𝑞
+ 2.
C
©
Page No 2.35:
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑝(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑐, show that (𝛼 + 1)(𝛽 + 1) = 1 − 𝑐.
ANSWER:
Since 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 −
𝑝(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑐
Then
𝑥 2 − 𝑝(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑐
𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 − 𝑝 − 𝑐
𝛼+𝛽 =
−(−𝑝)
=
1
=𝑝
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
−𝑝−𝑐
=
1
= −𝑝 − 𝑐
We have to prove that (𝛼 + 1)(𝛽 + 1) = 1 − 𝑐
T IO S I
(𝛼 + 1)(𝛽 + 1) = 1 − 𝑐
NO A D
CO N
(𝛼 + 1)𝛽 (𝛼 + 1)(1) = 1 − 𝑐
A
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽 + 𝛼 + 1 = 1 − 𝑐
PY
DO U A
𝛼𝛽 + (𝛼 + 𝛽 ) + 1 = 1 − 𝑐
T
ED PR
Substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝑝 and 𝛼𝛽 = −𝑝 − 𝑐 we get,

−𝑝 − 𝑐 + 𝑝 + 1 = 1 − 𝑐
C
©
−𝑝 − 𝑐 + 𝑝 + 1 = 1 − 𝑐
1−𝑐 =1−𝑐
Hence, it is shown that (𝛼 + 1)(𝛽 + 1) = 1 − 𝑐.
Page No 2.35:
Question 16: If α and β are the zeros of a quadratic polynomial such that
α + β = 24 and α − β = 8, find a quadratic polynomial have α and β as its
zeros.
ANSWER:
Given
α + β = 24 ……(i)
α−β=8 ……(ii)
By subtracting equation (ii) from (i) we get
α + β = 24
α−β=8
2α = 8
32
𝛼=
2
T IO S
𝛼 = 16
I
NO A D
Substituting 𝛼 = 16 in equation (i) we get,
CO N
A
α + β = 24
PY
16 + β = 24
DO U A
T
β = 24 – 16
ED PR
β=8
C
Let S and P denote respectively the sum and product of zeros of the
©
required polynomial. then,

𝑆=𝛼+𝛽
= 16 + 8
= 24
𝑃 = 𝛼𝛽
= 16 × 8
= 128
Hence, the required polynomial if 𝑓 (𝑥 )is given by
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 𝑠𝑥 + 𝑃)
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 128)
Hence, required equation is 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 128) where 𝑘 is any
non-zeros real number.
Page No 2.35:
Question 17:
If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 1,
2α 2β
find the quadratic polynomial whose zeros are and .
T IO S
β α
I
ANSWER:
NO A D
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 1
CO N
A
The roots are α and β
PY
DO U A
𝛼+𝛽 =
T
ED PR
0
𝛼+𝛽 =
1
C
𝛼+𝛽 =0
©
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
−1
𝛼𝛽 =
1
𝛼𝛽 = −1
Let S and P denote respectively the sum and product of zeros of the
required polynomial. Then,
2𝛼 2𝛽
𝑆= +
𝛽 𝛼

2𝛼 2 +2𝛽 2
𝑆=
𝛼𝛽
2(𝛼 2 +𝛽2 )
𝑆=
𝛼𝛽
2(𝛼+𝛽)−2𝛼𝛽
𝑆=
𝛼𝛽
2[0−2×−1]
𝑆=
−1
2×2
𝑆=
−1
4
𝑆=
T IO S
−1
I
𝑆 = −4
NO A D
CO N
2𝛼 2𝛽
𝑃= ×
A
𝛽 𝛼
PY
2𝛼 2𝛽
DO U A
𝑃= ×
𝛽 𝛼
T
ED PR
𝑃=4
Hence, the required polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) is given by,
C
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑝)
©
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − (−4)𝑥 + 4)

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4)
Hence, required equation is 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4) Where k is any
non-zero real number.
Page No 2.35:
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2, find a quadratic polynomial whose zeros are
1 1
and .
2α+β 2β+α
ANSWER:
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial
The roots are α and β
𝛼+𝛽 =
−3
𝛼 + 𝛽 = −( )
1
𝛼 + 𝛽 = −(−3)
T IO S
𝛼+𝛽 =3
I
𝛼𝛽 = NO A D
Constant term
CO N
A
−2
𝛼𝛽 =
PY
DO U A
1
T
𝛼𝛽 = −2
ED PR
Let S and P denote respectively the sum and the product of zero of the
required polynomial. Then,
C
1 1
©
𝑆= +
2α+β 2β+α
Taking least common factor then we have,

1 2β+α 1 2α+β
𝑆= × + ×
2α+β 2β+α 2β+α 2α+β
2β+α 2α+β
𝑆 = (2α+β)(2β+α) + (2β+α)(2α+β)
2β+α+2α+β
𝑆 = (2α+β)(2β+α)
3𝛽+3𝛼
𝑆=
4𝛼𝛽+2𝛽 2 +2𝛼2 +𝛽𝛼
3(𝛽+𝛼)
𝑆=
5𝛼𝛽+2(𝛼2 +𝛽 2 )
3(𝛽+𝛼)
𝑆=
5𝛼𝛽+2[ (𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽]
By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 3 and 𝛼𝛽 = −2 we get ,

3(3)
𝑆=
5(−2)+2 [(3)2 −2×−2]
9
𝑆=
−10+2(13)
9
𝑆=
−10+26
T IO S
9
𝑆=
I
16
NO A D
1 1
CO N
𝑃= ×
A
2α+β 2β+α
1
PY
𝑃 = (2α+β)(2β+α)
DO U A
T
1
ED PR
𝑃=
5𝛼𝛽+2(𝛼 2 +𝛽 2 )
By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 3 and 𝛼𝛽 = −2 we get ,

C
1
©
𝑃=
5(2)+2[(3)2 −2×−0]
1
𝑃=
−10+2(9+4)
1
𝑃=
10+2(13)
1
𝑃=
10+26
1
𝑃=
16
Hence, the required polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) is given by

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑝)
9 1
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥+ )
16 16
9 1
Hence, the required equation is 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥+ ) Where k is
16 16
any non-zero real number.
Page No 2.35:
Question 19: If α and β are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 +
𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞, from a polynomial whose zeros are (𝛼 + 𝛽 )2 and (𝛼 − 𝛽 )2 .
ANSWER:
T IO S
If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
I
NO A D
CO N
𝛼+𝛽 =
A
−𝑝
PY
=
DO U A
1
T
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
ED PR
𝑞
𝛼𝛽 =
1
C
©
𝛼𝛽 = 𝑞
Let S and P denote respectively the sums and product of the zeros of the
polynomial whose zeros are (𝛼 + 𝛽 )2 and (𝛼 − 𝛽 )2 . Then,
𝑆 = (𝛼 + 𝛽 )2 + (𝛼 − 𝛽 )2
𝑆 = 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 2𝛼𝛽 + 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 − 2𝛼𝛽
𝑆 = 2[ 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 ]
𝑆 = 2[ (𝛼 + 𝛽 )2 − 2𝛼𝛽 ]
𝑆 = 2(𝑝2 − 2 × 𝑞 )
𝑆 = 2(𝑝2 − 2𝑞 )
𝑆 = 2(𝑝2 − 2𝑞 )
𝑃 = (𝛼 + 𝛽 )2 (𝛼 − 𝛽 )2
𝑃 = (𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 2𝛼𝛽 )(𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 2𝛼𝛽 )
𝑃 = (𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 − 2𝛼𝛽 + 2𝛼𝛽 )(𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 2𝛼𝛽 )
𝑃 = (𝑝)2 ((𝑝)2 − 4 × 𝑞 )
𝑃 = 𝑝2 (𝑝2 − 4𝑞 )
The required polynomial of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑝)is given by
T IO S
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 2(𝑝2 − 2𝑞 )𝑥 + 𝑝2 (𝑝2 − 4𝑞 ))
I
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 2(𝑝2 − 2𝑞 )𝑥 + 𝑝2 (𝑝2 − 4𝑞 )), where k is any non-zero
NO A D
CO N
real number.
A
PY
DO U A
Page No 2.35:
T
ED PR

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3, find a polynomial whose roots are (i) α + 2, β + 2
C
𝛼−1 𝛽−1
(ii) , .
©
𝛼+1 𝛽+1
ANSWER:
(i) Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 −
2𝑥 + 3
𝛼+𝛽 =
−(−2)
=
1
=2
Constant term
3
=
1
=3
Let S and P denote respectively the sums and product of the polynomial
whose zeros
𝑆 = (𝛼 + 2) + (𝛽 + 2)
𝑆 =𝛼+𝛽+2+2
𝑆 =2+2+2
𝑆=6
T IO S I
NO A D
𝑃 = (𝛼 + 2) + (𝛽 + 2)
CO N
A
𝑃 = 𝛼𝛽 + 2𝛽 + 2𝛼 + 4
PY
DO U A
𝑃 = 𝛼𝛽 + 2(𝛼 + 𝛽 ) + 4
T
ED PR
𝑃 = 3 + 2(2) + 4
𝑃 =3+4+4
C
𝑃 = 11
©
Therefore, the required polynomial f (x) is given by

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑝)
= 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 11)
Hence, the required equation is 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 11).
(ii) Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 −

2𝑥 + 3
𝛼+𝛽 =
−(−2)
=
1
=2
Constant term
3
=
1
=3
Let S and P denote respectively the sums and product of the polynomial
𝛼−1 𝛽−1
whose zeros ,
𝛼+1 𝛽+1
T IO S
𝛼−1 𝛽−1
I
𝑆= ,
𝛼+1 𝛽+1
NO A D
CO N
(𝛼−1)(𝛽+1)+(𝛽−1)(𝑎+1)
A
𝑆= (𝛼−1)(𝛽+1)
PY
DO U A
𝛼𝛽−𝛽+𝛼+1−𝛼𝛽−𝛼+𝛽−1
𝑆=
𝛼𝛽+(𝛼+𝛽)+1
T
ED PR
𝛼𝛽+𝛼𝛽−1−1
𝑆=
𝛼𝛽+(𝛼+𝛽)+1
C

©
3+3−1−1
𝑆=
3+2+1
6−2
𝑆=
6
42
𝑆=
63
𝛼−1 𝛽−1
𝑃=( )( )
𝛼+1 𝛽+1
𝛼𝛽−𝛽+𝛼+1
𝑃=
𝛼𝛽+𝛽+𝛼+1
3−2+1
𝑃=
3+2+1
21
𝑃=
63
1
𝑃=
3
The required polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) is given by,

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑝)
2 1
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + )
3 3
2 1
Hence, the required equation is 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + ), where k is any
3 3
non-zero real number .
T IO S I
NO A D Page No 2.35:
CO N
A
Question 21: If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
PY
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, then evaluate :
DO U A
T
(i) α − β
ED PR
1 1
(ii) −
𝛼 𝛽
C
1 1
©
(iii) + − 2𝛼𝛽
𝛼 𝛽
(iv) 𝛼 2 𝛽 − 𝛼𝛽 2
(v) 𝛼 4 + 𝛽 4
1 1
(vi) +
𝑎𝛼+𝑏 𝑎𝛽+𝑏
𝛽 𝛼
(vii) +
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽
(viii) 𝑎 ( + )+𝑏( + )
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼
ANSWER:
(i) Given α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝛼+𝛽 =
−𝑏
=
𝑎
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
𝑐
=
𝑎
We have, (𝛼 − 𝛽 )
T IO S
(𝛼 − 𝛽 )2 = 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 − 2𝛼𝛽
I
𝛼 − 𝛽 = √𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 − 2𝛼𝛽
NO A D
CO N
A
𝛼 − 𝛽 = √(𝛼 + 𝛽 )2 − 2𝛼𝛽 − 2𝛼𝛽
PY
DO U A
𝛼 − 𝛽 = √(𝛼 + 𝛽 )2 − 4𝛼𝛽
T
ED PR
−𝑏 𝑐
Substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = and 𝛼𝛽 = then we get,
𝑎 𝑎
−𝑏 2
C
𝑐
𝛼 − 𝛽 = √( ) − 4
©
𝑎 𝑎
𝑏2 4𝑐
𝛼−𝛽 =√ −
𝑎2 𝑎
𝑏2 4𝑐×𝑎
𝛼−𝛽 =√ −
𝑎2 𝑎×𝑎
𝑏2 4𝑎𝑐
𝛼−𝛽 =√ 2 −
𝑎 𝑎2
𝑏2 4𝑎𝑐
Hence, the value of 𝛼 − 𝛽 is√ 2 −
𝑎 𝑎2
(ii) Given α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝛼+𝛽 =
−𝑏
=
𝑎
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
𝑐
=
T IO S
𝑎
I
1 1
We have, −
NO A D𝛼 𝛽
CO N
A
1 1 1 1 2 1
− = √( − ) − 4
PY
DO U A
𝛼+𝛽 2
1 1
T 1
− = √( ) −4
ED PR
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽 𝛼𝛽
−𝑏 𝑐
C
𝑎 𝑎
©
−𝑏 2
1 1 1
− = √( 𝑎
𝑐 ) −4 𝑐
𝛼 𝛽
𝑎 𝑎
1 1 −𝑏 𝑎 2 𝑎
− = √( × ) −4
𝛼 𝛽 𝑎 𝑐 𝑐
1 1 −𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 2
− = √( × ) − 4
𝛼 𝛽 𝑎 𝑐 𝑐
1 1 −𝑏 4𝑎 2
− = √( ) −
𝛼 𝛽 𝑐 𝑐
1 1 𝑏2 4𝑎
− =√ 2 −
𝛼 𝛽 𝑐 𝑐
By taking least common factor we get,

1 1 𝑏2 4𝑎×𝑐
− =√ −
𝛼 𝛽 𝑐2 𝑐×𝑐
1 1 𝑏2 4𝑎𝑐
− =√ 2 −
𝛼 𝛽 𝑐 𝑐2
1 1 𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
− =√
𝛼 𝛽 𝑐2
1 1 𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
− =√
T IO S
𝛼 𝛽 𝑐
I
1 1 𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
is√
NO A D
Hence the value of −
𝛼 𝛽 𝑐
.
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
(iii) Given α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
T
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
ED PR
𝛼+𝛽 =
C
−𝑏
=
©
𝑎
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
𝑐
=
𝑎
1 1
We have, + − 2𝛼𝛽
𝛼 𝛽
By cross multiplication we get,

1 1 𝛼+𝛽
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 = − 2𝛼𝛽
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
−𝑏 𝑐
𝑎 𝑎
−𝑏
1 1 𝑎 𝑐
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 = 𝑐 −2
𝛼 𝛽 𝑎
𝑎
1 1 −𝑏 𝑎 2𝑐
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 = × −
𝛼 𝛽 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎
1 1 −𝑏 𝑎 2𝑐
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 = × −
𝛼 𝛽 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎
1 1 −𝑏 2𝑐
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 = −
𝛼 𝛽 𝑐 𝑎
1 1 −𝑏 2𝑐
T IO S
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 = ( − )
𝛼 𝛽 𝑐 𝑎
I
NO A D
Hence the value of
1 1
+ − 2𝛼𝛽 is (
−𝑏
−
2𝑐
).
CO N
𝛼 𝛽 𝑐 𝑎
A
Given α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 +
PY
DO U A
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
T
ED PR
𝛼+𝛽 =
−𝑏
=
C
𝑎
©
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
𝑐
=
𝑎
We have 𝛼 2 𝛽 + 𝛼𝛽 2 ,
By taking common factor 𝛼𝛽 we get 2𝛽(𝛼 + 𝛽 ),
−𝑏 𝑐
By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = and 𝛼𝛽 = then we get,
𝑎 𝑎
𝑐 −𝑏
= ( )
𝑎 𝑎
−𝑐𝑏
=
𝑎2
−𝑐𝑏
Hence the value of 𝛼 2 𝛽 + 𝛼𝛽 2 is .
𝑎2
(v) Given α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝛼+𝛽 =
−𝑏
=
𝑎
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
𝑐
=
T IO S
𝑎
I
We have,
NO A D
CO N
𝛼 4 + 𝛽 4 = (𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 )2 − 2𝛼 2 𝛽 2
A
𝛼 4 + 𝛽 4 = [(𝛼 + 𝛽 )2 − 2𝛼𝛽 ]2 − 2(𝛼𝛽 )2
PY
DO U A
−𝑏 𝑐
T
𝑎 𝑎
ED PR
2
4 4 −𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑐 2
𝛼 + 𝛽 = [( ) − 2 × ] − 2 ( )
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
C
©
2
4 4 𝑏2 2𝑐 𝑐 2
𝛼 +𝛽 =[ 2 − ] − 2( )
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
By taking least common factor we get

2
4 4 −𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑐 2
𝛼 + 𝛽 = [( ) − 2 × ( )] − 2 ( )
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
2
𝑏2 2𝑐 𝑐 2
= [[ 2 − ] −2×( )
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
2
𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐 𝑐2
= [ ] −2×
𝑎2 𝑎2
2
(𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐) 𝑐2
= −2×
𝑎4 𝑎2
2
(𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐) −2𝑐 2 𝑎2
=
𝑎4
2
4 4 (𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐) −2𝑐 2 𝑎2
Hence the value of 𝛼 + 𝛽 is .
𝑎4
(vi) Since α and 𝛽 are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝛼+𝛽 =
T IO S
−𝑏
=
𝑎
I
𝛼𝛽 = NO A D
Constant term
CO N
A
𝑐
=
PY
𝑎
DO U A
1 1
+
We have,
T
ED PR
1 1 𝑎𝛽+𝑏+𝑎𝛼+𝑏
+ = (𝑎𝛼+𝑏)(𝑎𝛽+𝑏)
C
1 1 𝑎(𝛼+𝛽)+2𝑏
©
+ =
𝑎𝛼+𝑏 𝑎𝛽+𝑏 𝑎2 ×𝛼𝛽+𝑎𝑏𝛽+𝑎𝑏𝛼+𝑏2
1 1 𝑎(𝛼+𝛽)+2𝑏
+ =
𝑎𝛼+𝑏 𝑎𝛽+𝑏 𝑎2 ×𝛼𝛽+𝑎𝑏(𝛼+𝛽)+𝑏2
−𝑏 𝑐
𝑎 𝑎
−𝑏
1 1 𝑎× 𝑎 +2𝑏
+ = 𝑐 −𝑏
𝑎𝛼+𝑏 𝑎𝛽+𝑏 𝑎2 ×𝑎 +𝑎𝑏× 𝑎 +𝑏2
−𝑏
1 1 𝑎× 𝑎 +2𝑏
+ = 1 𝑐 −𝑏
1 1 −𝑏+2𝑏
+ =
𝑎𝛼+𝑏 𝑎𝛽+𝑏 𝑎×𝑐−𝑏2 +𝑏2
1 1 −𝑏+2𝑏
+ =
1 1 𝑏
+ =
𝑎𝛼+𝑏 𝑎𝛽+𝑏 𝑎𝑐
1 1 𝑏
(vii) Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =

𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
T IO S I
𝛼+𝛽 =
NO A D Coefficient of 𝑥 2
CO N
−𝑏
A
=
𝑎
PY
DO U A
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
T
ED PR
𝑐
=
𝑎
𝛽 𝛼
C
We have, +
©
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽(𝑎𝛽+𝑏)+𝛼(𝑎𝛼+𝑏)
+ = (𝑎𝛼+𝑏)(𝑎𝛽+𝑏)
𝛽 𝛼 𝑎𝛽 2 +𝑎𝛼 2 +𝑏𝛼+𝛽𝑏
+ =
𝑎𝛼+𝑏 𝑎𝛽+𝑏 𝑎2 ×𝛼𝛽+𝑎𝑏𝛽+𝑎𝑏𝛼+𝑏2
𝛽 𝛼 𝑎𝛽 2 +𝑎𝛼 2 +𝑏𝛼+𝛽𝑏
+ =
𝛽 𝛼 𝑎(𝛽 2 +𝛼 2 )+𝑏(𝛼+𝛽)
+ =
𝛽 𝛼 𝑎((𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽)+𝑏(𝛼+𝛽)
+ =
−𝑏 𝑐
𝑎 𝑎
−𝑏 2 𝑐 −𝑏
𝛽 𝛼 𝑎×[( 𝑎 ) −2×𝑎]+𝑏( 𝑎 )
+ = 1 𝑐 −𝑏
𝑏2 𝑐 −𝑏2
𝛽 𝛼 𝑎( 2 −2×𝑎)+( 𝑎 )
𝑎
+ =
𝑏2 2𝑐×𝑎 −𝑏2
𝛽 𝛼 𝑎( 2 − 𝑎×𝑎 )+( 𝑎 )
𝑎
+ =
𝑏2 2𝑐𝑎 −𝑏2
T IO S
𝛽 𝛼 𝑎( 2 − 2 )+( 𝑎 )
𝑎 𝑎
+ =
I
NO A D 𝑏2 −2𝑐𝑎 −𝑏2
CO N
𝛽 𝛼 𝑎( 2 )+( 𝑎 )
𝑎
A
+ =
PY
DO U A
𝑏2 −2𝑐𝑎 −𝑏2
𝑎( 1 )+( 𝑎 )
𝛽 𝛼 𝑎2
+
T =
ED PR
𝑏2 −2𝑐𝑎 −𝑏2
𝛽 𝛼 ( 𝑎
)+( 𝑎
)
+ =
C
©
𝑏2 −2𝑐𝑎−𝑏2
𝛽 𝛼 ( 𝑎
)
+ =
𝑏2 −2𝑐𝑎−𝑏2
𝛽 𝛼 ( 𝑎
)
+ =
𝛽 𝛼 −2𝑐𝑎 1
+ = ×
𝑎𝛼+𝑏 𝑎𝛽+𝑏 𝑎 𝑎𝑐
𝛽 𝛼 −2
+ =
𝑎𝛼+𝑏 𝑎𝛽+𝑏 𝑎
𝛽 𝛼 −2
𝑎𝛼+𝑏 𝑎𝛽+𝑏 𝑎
(viii) Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝛼+𝛽 =
−𝑏
=
𝑎
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
𝑐
=
T IO S
𝑎
I
We have, 𝑎 ( + )+𝑏( + )
NO A D 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼
CO N
A
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽
𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) = 𝑎( + )+𝑏( + )
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼
PY
DO U A
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 2 +𝛽 2 𝛼 2 +𝛽 2
𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) = 𝑎( )+𝑏( )
T
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛼𝛽 𝛼𝛽
ED PR
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 (𝛼+𝛽)3 −3𝛼𝛽(𝛼+𝛽) (𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽

𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) = 𝑎( )+𝑏( )
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛼𝛽 𝛼𝛽
C
−𝑏 𝑐
©

𝑎 𝑎
−𝑏 3 𝑐 −𝑏 −𝑏 2 𝑐
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 ( 𝑎 ) −3×𝑎( 𝑎 ) ( 𝑎 ) −2×𝑎
𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) = 𝑎( 𝑐 )+𝑏( 𝑐 )
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼
𝑎 𝑎
−𝑏3 3𝑏𝑐 −𝑏 2𝑐
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 − 2 −
𝑎3 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) = 𝑎( 𝑐 )+𝑏( 𝑐 )
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼
𝑎 𝑎
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 −𝑏3 +3𝑏𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑏2 +2𝑐𝑎 𝑎

𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) = 𝑎( 2 × )+𝑏( 1 × )
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝑎3 𝑐 𝑎2 𝑐
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 −𝑏3 +3𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑏2 +2𝑐𝑎

𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) = 𝑎( 1 )+𝑏( )
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝑎2 𝑐 𝑎𝑐
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 −𝑏3 +3𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑏3 −2𝑎𝑏𝑐

𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) = +
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑐
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 −𝑏3 +3𝑎𝑏𝑐+𝑏3 −2𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) =
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝑎𝑐
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 3𝑎𝑏𝑐−2𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) =
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) =
𝑎( + )+𝑏( + ) = 𝑏
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼
T IO S
Hence, the value of 𝑎 ( + ) + 𝑏 ( + ) is 𝑏.
𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼
I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Exercise 2.2
Page No 2.43:
Question 1: Verify that the numbers given alongside of the cubic
polynomials below are their zeros. Also, verify the relationship between
the zeros and coefficients in each case:
1
(i) 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2; , 1, −2
2
(ii) g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2; 2, 1, 1
T IO S
ANSWER:
I
NO A D
We have,
CO N
A
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2; 12, 1, −2
PY
DO U A
1 1 3 1 2 1
𝑓( ) = 2( ) + ( ) − 5( )+ 2
T
2 2 2 2
ED PR
1 1 1 5
𝑓( ) = + − +2
2 4 4 2
C
1
𝑓( ) = 0
©
𝑓 (1) = 2(1)3 + (1)2 − 5(1) + 2

𝑓 (1) = 2 + 1 − 5 + 2
𝑓 (1) = 0
𝑓 (−2) = 2(−2)3 + (−2)2 − 5(−2) + 2
𝑓 (−2) = −16 + 4 + 10 + 2
𝑓(−2) = 0
1
So, , 1 and – 2 are the zeros of polynomial p(x)
2
1
Let 𝛼 = , 𝛽 = 1 and 𝛾 = −2. Then
2
1
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 = +1−2
2
1 1×2 2×2
= + −
2 1×2 1×2
1+2−4
=
2
−1
=
2
T IO S
From 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2
I
NO A D
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
−Coefficient of 𝑥 2
CO N
A
1
𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = −( )
PY
DO U A
2
T 1 1
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 = (1) + 1(−2) − 2 ( )
ED PR
2 2
1 2
= −2−
2 2
C
©

1 2×2 2
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 = − −
2 1×2 2
1−4−2
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 =
2
1−6
2
−5
2
From 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2
Coefficient of 𝑥
−5
2
1
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = × 1 × (−2)
2
−2
𝛼𝛽𝛾 =
2
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = −1
From 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2
𝛼𝛽𝛾 =
2
T IO S
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = − ( )
2
I
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = −1
NO A D
CO N
A
Hence, it is verified that the numbers given alongside of the cubic
polynomials are their zeros and also verified the relationship between
PY
DO U A
the zeros and coefficients
T
ED PR
(ii) We have,
C
g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2
©
g(2) = (2)3 − 4(2)2 + 5(2) – 2

g(2) = 8 − 16 + 10 − 2
g(2) = 0
g(1) = (1)3 − 4(1)2 + 5(1) – 2
=1−4+5−2
=0
g(1) = (1)3 − 4(1)2 + 5(1) – 2
=1−4+5−2
=0
So 2,1and 1 are the zeros of the polynomial g(x)
Let 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 1 and 𝜆 = 1. Then
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =2+1+1
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =4
From g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
T IO S
4
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
I
1
NO A D
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =4
CO N
A
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 = 2(1) + 1(1) + 1(2)
PY
DO U A
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 = 2 + 1 + 2
T
ED PR
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 = 5
From g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2
C
Coefficient of 𝑥
©
5
1
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 = 5
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = 2 × 1 × 1
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = 2
From g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 – 2
𝛼𝛽𝛾 =
−2
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = − ( )
1
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = 2
Hence, it is verified that the numbers given alongside of the cubic
polynomials are their zeros and also verified the relationship between
the zeros and coefficients.
Page No 2.43:
Question 2: Find the cubic polynomial with the sum, sum of the product
of its zeros taken two at a time, and product of its zeros as 3, −1 and − 3
respectively.
T IO S
ANSWER:
I
NO A D
If 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 are the zeros of a cubic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥), then
CO N
A
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘{𝑥 2 − (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 )𝑥 2 + (𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 )𝑥 − 𝛼𝛽𝛾 } where k is
PY
DO U A
T
Here,
ED PR
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =3
C
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 = −1
©
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = −3
Therefore
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘{𝑥 2 − (3)𝑥 2 + (−1)𝑥 − (−3)}
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘{𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 1𝑥 + 3}
Hence, cubic polynomial is 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘{𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 1𝑥 + 3}, where k is
Page No 2.43:
Question 3: If the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 +
37𝑥 − 30 are in A.P., find them.
ANSWER:
Let 𝛼 = 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝛽 = 𝑎 and 𝛾 = 𝑎 + 𝑑 be the zeros of the polynomial
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 37𝑥 − 30
Therefore
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
−15
= −( )
2
T IO S
15
I
=
2
NO A D
CO N
𝛼𝛽𝛾 =
A
PY
−30
DO U A
= −( )
2
T
ED PR
= 15
Sum of the zeros =
C
©
15
(𝑎 − 𝑑) + 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑) =
2
15
𝑎+𝑎+𝑎−𝑎+𝑎 =
2
15
3𝑎 =
2
15 1
𝑎= ×
2 3
5
𝑎=
2
Constant term
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = 15
(𝑎 − 𝑑) + 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑) = 15
𝑎(𝑎2 − 𝑑2 ) = 15
5
Substituting 𝑎 = we get
2
5 5 2
(( ) − 𝑑) = 15
2 2
5 25
( − 𝑑2 ) = 15
2 4
25 2
− 𝑑2 = 153 ×
4 5
T IO S
25
− 𝑑2 = 3 × 2
I
4
25NO A D
CO N
− 𝑑2 = 6
A
4
25
PY
− 𝑑2 = 6 −
DO U A
4
T
24−25
− 𝑑2 =
ED PR
4
−1
− 𝑑2 =
C
4
©
1 1
𝑑×𝑑 = ×
2 2
1
𝑑=
2
5 1
Therefore, substituting 𝑎 = and 𝑑 = in 𝛼 = 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝛽 = 𝑎 and 𝛾 =
2 2
𝑎+𝑑
𝛼 =𝑎−𝑑
5 1
𝛼= −
2 2
5−1
𝛼=
2
4
𝛼=
2
𝛼=2
𝛽=𝑎
5
𝛽=
2
𝛾 =𝑎+𝑑
5 1
𝛾= +
2 2
5+1
𝛾=
T IO S
2
I
6
𝛾=
2
NO A D
CO N
𝛾=3
A
PY
5
Hence, the zeros of the polynomial are 2, , 2.
DO U A
2
T
ED PR
Page No 2.43:
C
Question 4: Find the condition that the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =

©
𝑥 3 + 3𝑝𝑥 2 + 3𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟 may be in A.P.

ANSWER:
Let 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎 and 𝑎 + 𝑑 be the zeros of the polynomials 𝑓(𝑥 ) .Then,
Sum of the zeros =
−3𝑝
𝑎−𝑑+𝑎+𝑎+𝑑 =
1
𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = −3𝑝
3𝑎 = −3𝑝
−3×𝑝
𝑎=
3
−3×𝑝
𝑎=
3
𝑎 = −𝑝
Since 𝑎 is a zero of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ).Therefore,
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑝𝑥 2 + 3𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟
𝑓 (𝑎 ) = 0
𝑓 (𝑎) = 𝑎3 + 3𝑝𝑎2 + 3𝑞𝑎 + 𝑟
T IO S
𝑎3 + 3𝑝𝑎2 + 3𝑞𝑎 + 𝑟 = 0
I
NO A D
Substituting 𝑎 = −𝑝 we get,
CO N
A
(−𝑝)3 + 3𝑝(−𝑝)2 + 3𝑞 (−𝑝) + 𝑟 = 0
PY
−𝑝3 + 3𝑝3 − 3𝑝𝑞 + 𝑟 = 0
DO U A
T
2𝑝3 − 3𝑝𝑞 + 𝑟 = 0
ED PR
Hence, the condition for the given polynomial is 2𝑝3 − 3𝑝𝑞 + 𝑟 = 0.

C
©
Page No 2.43:
Question 5: If the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 3𝑏𝑥 2 +
3𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 are in A.P., prove that 2𝑏 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎2 𝑑 = 0.
ANSWER:
Let 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎 and 𝑎 + 𝑑 be the zeros of the polynomial f(x). Then,
Sum of the zeros =
−3𝑏
(𝑎 − 𝑑) + 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑) =
𝑎
−3𝑏
𝑎+𝑑+𝑎+𝑎−𝑑 =
𝑎
−3𝑏
3𝑎 =
𝑎
−3𝑏 1
𝑎= ×
𝑎 3
−𝑏
𝑎=
𝑎
Since a is a zero of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ).

Therefore,
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 3𝑏𝑥 2 + 3𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
T IO S I
𝑓 (𝑎) = 0
NO A D
CO N
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑎𝑎3 + 3𝑏𝑎2 + 3𝑐𝑎 + 𝑑
A
𝑎𝑎3 + 3𝑏𝑎2 + 3𝑐𝑎 + 𝑑 = 0
PY
DO U A
−𝑏 −𝑏 −𝑏 −𝑏 −𝑏 −𝑏
𝑎× × × +3×𝑏× × +3×𝑐× +𝑑 =0
T
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
ED PR
−𝑏 −𝑏 −𝑏 −𝑏 −𝑏 −𝑏
𝑎× × × +3×𝑏× × +3×𝑐× +𝑑 =0
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
C
−𝑏3 3𝑏3 𝑐𝑏
+ −3 +𝑑 =0
©
𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎
−𝑏3 +3𝑏3 −3𝑎𝑏𝑐+𝑎2 𝑑
=0
𝑎2
2𝑏 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎2 𝑑 = 0 × 𝑎2
2𝑏 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎2 𝑑 = 0
Hence, it is proved that 2𝑏 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎2 𝑑 = 0.
Page No 2.43:
Question 6: If the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 39𝑥 +
𝑘 are in A.P., find the value of k.
ANSWER:
Let 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎 and 𝑎 + 𝑑 be the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ).
Then,
Sum of the zeros =
−(−12)
(𝑎 − 𝑑) + 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑) =
1
𝑎 + 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 − 𝑑 = 12
3𝑎 = 12
T IO S
12
I
𝑎=
3
NO A D
CO N
𝑎=4
A
Since 𝑎 is a zero of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 )
PY
DO U A
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 39𝑥 + 𝑘

T
ED PR
𝑓(𝑎) = 0
𝑓(𝑎) = 43 − 12 × 42 + 39 × 4 + 𝑘
C
©
0 = 64 − 192 + 156 + 𝑘
0 = 220 − 192 + 𝑘
0 = 28 + 𝑘
−28 = 𝑘
Hence, the value of k is −28.
Exercise 2.3
Page No 2.57:
Question 1: Apply division algorithm to find the quotient 𝑞(𝑥) and
remainder 𝑟(𝑥) in dividing 𝑓(𝑥) by g(𝑥) in each of the following :
(i) 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 6, g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 10𝑥 4 + 17𝑥 3 − 62𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 − 3, g(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 1
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 + 8𝑥 2 + 7, g(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1
T IO S
(iv) 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 15𝑥 3 − 20𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 12, g(𝑥 ) = 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2
I
NO A D
ANSWER:
CO N
A
(i) We have
PY
DO U A
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 6
T
ED PR
, g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1
Here, degree [𝑓(𝑥 )] = 3 and
C
Degree (g(𝑥 )) = 2
©
Therefore, quotient 𝑞(𝑥 ) is of degree 3 − 2 = 1 and the remainder 𝑟(𝑥 )

is of degree less than 2
Let 𝑞 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 and
𝑟(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
Using division algorithm, we have
𝑓(𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥 )
𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 6 = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 6 = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑑
𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 6 = 𝑎𝑥 3 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑑
Equating the co-efficient of various powers of 𝑥 on both sides, we get
On equating the co-efficient of 𝑥 3
𝑥 3 = 𝑎𝑥 3
𝑥 3 = 𝑎𝑥 3
1=𝑎
T IO S I
−6𝑥 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2
NO A D
CO N
−6𝑥 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2
A
−6 = 𝑎 + 𝑏
PY
DO U A
Substituting 𝑎 = 1
T
ED PR
−6 = 1 + 𝑏
−6 − 1 = 𝑏
C
©
−7 = 𝑏
On equating the co-efficient of 𝑥
11𝑥 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )𝑥
11𝑥 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )𝑥
11 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
Substituting 𝑎 = 1; and 𝑏 = −7 we get,
11 = 1 + (−7) + 𝑐
11 = −6 + 𝑐
11 + 6 = 𝑐
17 = 𝑐
On equating the constant terms
−6 = 𝑏 + 𝑑
Substituting 𝑏 = −7 we get,
−6 = −7 + 𝑑
−6 + 7 = 𝑑
1=𝑑
T IO S
Therefore,
I
Quotient 𝑞 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
NO A D
CO N
= (1𝑥 − 7)
A
And remainder 𝑟(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
PY
DO U A
= (17𝑥 + 1)
T
ED PR
Hence, the quotient and remainder is given by,

𝑞 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 7)
C
©
𝑟(𝑥 ) = 17𝑥 + 1.
(ii) We have
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 10𝑥 4 + 17𝑥 3 − 62𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 − 3
g(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 1
Here, Degree (𝑓(𝑥 )) = 4 and
Therefore, quotient 𝑞(𝑥 ) is of degree 4 − 2 = 2 and remainder 𝑟(𝑥 ) is
of degree less than 2
(𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒(g(𝑥 ))) = 2
Let g(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 and
𝑟(𝑥 ) = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
𝑓(𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥 )
10𝑥 4 + 17𝑥 3 − 62𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 − 3 = (2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 1)(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
10𝑥 4 + 17𝑥 3 − 62𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 − 3
= 2𝑎𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 (7𝑎 + 2𝑏) + 𝑥 2 (𝑎 + 7𝑏 + 2𝑐) + 𝑥(𝑏 + 7𝑐 + 𝑝) + 𝑐 + 𝑞
T IO S
10𝑥 4 + 17𝑥 3 − 62𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 − 3
I
NO A D
= 2𝑎𝑥 4 + 7𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 3 + 7𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑐 + 𝑐 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
CO N
A
10𝑥 4 + 17𝑥 3 − 62𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 − 3
PY
DO U A
= 2𝑎𝑥 4 + 7𝑎𝑥 3 + 2𝑏𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 7𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 7𝑥𝑐 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑐 + 𝑞
T
ED PR
Equating the co-efficient of various powers 𝑥on both sides, we get

C
©
2𝑎 = 10
10
𝑎=
2
𝑎=5
7𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 17
Substituting 𝑎 = 5 we get
7 × 5 + 2𝑏 = 17
35 + 2𝑏 = 17
2𝑏 = 17
2𝑏 = 17 − 35
2𝑏 = −18
−18
𝑏=
2
𝑏 = −9
On equating the co-efficient of 𝑥²
𝑎 + 7𝑏 + 2𝑐 = −62
T IO S
Substituting 𝑎 = 5 and 𝑏 = −9, we get
I
NO A D
5 + 7 × −9 + 2𝑐 = −62
CO N
A
5 − 63 + 2𝑐 = −62
PY
2𝑐 = −62 + 63 − 5
DO U A
2𝑐 = −4
T
ED PR
−4
𝑐=
2
C
𝑐 = −2
©

𝑏 + 7𝑐 + 𝑝 = 30
Substituting 𝑏 = −9 and 𝑐 = −2,we get
−9 + 7 × −2 + 𝑝 = 30
−9 − 14 + 𝑝 = 30
−23 + 𝑝 = 30
𝑝 = 30 + 23
𝑝 = 53
On equating constant term, we get
𝑐 + 𝑞 = −3
Substituting 𝑐 = −2, we get
−2 + 𝑞 = −3
𝑞 = −3 + 2
𝑞 = −1
Therefore, quotient 𝑞(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
= 5𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 2
T IO S I
Remainder 𝑟(𝑥 ) = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
NO A D
CO N
= 53𝑥 − 1
A
Hence, the quotient and remainder are 𝑞 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 2 and
PY
DO U A
𝑟(𝑥 ) =.
T
ED PR
(iii) we have
C
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 + 8𝑥 2 + 7
©
g(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1
Therefore, quotient 𝑞(𝑥 ) is of degree 3 − 2 = 1 and
Remainder 𝑟(𝑥 ) is of degree less than 2
𝑟(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
𝑓(𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞(𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥 )
4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 7 = (2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1)(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 7 = 2𝑎𝑥 3 − 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑏 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑑
4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 7 = 2𝑎𝑥 3 − 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥𝑏 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑑
4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 7 =
2𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 (−𝑎 + 2𝑏) + 𝑥 (𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑐) + 𝑥 (𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑐) + 𝑏 + 𝑑
Equating the co-efficient of various Powers of 𝑥 on both sides, we get
T IO S I
2𝑎 = 4
NO A D
CO N
4
𝑎=
A
2
PY
𝑎=2
DO U A
T
ED PR
8 = −𝑎 + 2𝑏
C
©
8 = −2 + 2𝑏
8 + 2 = 2𝑏
10 = 2𝑏
10
=𝑏
2
5=𝑏
On equating the co-efficient of
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 =8
Substituting 𝑎 = 2 and 𝑏 = 5 we get
2−5+𝑐 =8
−3 + 𝑐 = 8
𝑐 =8+3
𝑐 = 11
On equating the constant term, we get
𝑏+𝑑 =7
Substituting 𝑏 = 5, we get
T IO S
5+𝑑 =7
I
𝑑 =7−5
NO A D
CO N
𝑑=2
A
Therefore, quotient 𝑞(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
PY
DO U A
= 2𝑥 + 5
T
ED PR
Remainder 𝑟(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
= 11𝑥 + 2
C
©
Hence, the quotient and remainder are 𝑞 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 5 and 𝑟(𝑥 ) =

11𝑥 + 2.
(iv) Given,
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 15𝑥 3 − 20𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 12
g(𝑥 ) = 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2
Remainder 𝑟(𝑥 ) is of degree less than
𝑟(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
𝑓(𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞(𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥 )
15𝑥 3 − 20𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 12 = (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
15𝑥 3 − 20𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 12 = 𝑎𝑥 3 − 2𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 2 − 2𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
15𝑥 3 − 20𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 12 = 𝑎𝑥 3 − 2𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 + 2𝑏 + 𝑑
T IO S
15𝑥 3 − 20𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 12 = 𝑎𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 (2𝑎 − 𝑏) + 𝑥(2𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐) + 2𝑏 + 𝑑
I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
𝑎𝑥 3 = 15𝑥 3
T
ED PR
𝑎𝑥 3 = 15𝑥 3
𝑎 = 15
C

©
2𝑎 − 𝑏 = 20
Substituting 𝑎 = 15, we get
2 × 15 − 𝑏 = 20
30 − 𝑏 = 20
−𝑏 = 20 − 30
−𝑏 = −10
2𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐 = 13
2 × 15 − 2 × 10 + 𝑐 = 13
30 − 20 + 𝑐 = 13
10 + 𝑐 = 13
𝑐 = 13 − 10
𝑐=3
On equating constant term
T IO S
2𝑏 + 𝑑 = −12
I
Substituting 𝑏 = 10 and, we get
NO A D
CO N
2 × 10 + 𝑑 = −12
A
20 + 𝑑 = −12
PY
DO U A
𝑑 = −12 − 20
T
ED PR
𝑑 = −32
Therefore, quotient 𝑞(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
C
©
= 15𝑥 + 10
Remainder 𝑟(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 32
= 3𝑥 − 32
Hence, the quotient and remainder are 𝑞 (𝑥 ) = 15𝑥 + 10 and 𝑟(𝑥 ) =
3𝑥 − 32.
Page No 2.57:
Question 2: Check whether the first polynomial is a factor of the second
polynomial by applying the division algorithm:
(i) g(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 3, 𝑓(𝑡) = 2𝑡 4 + 3𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 − 9𝑡 − 12
(ii) g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 1, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
(iii) g(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 15
ANSWER:
(i) Given g(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 3
𝑓(𝑡) = 2𝑡 4 + 3𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 − 9𝑡 − 12
T IO S
Here, Degree (𝑓(𝑡)) = 4 and
I
Degree (g(𝑡)) = 2
NO A D
CO N
Therefore, quotient 𝑞(𝑡) is of degree 4 − 2 = 2
A
PY
Remainder 𝑟(𝑡) is of degree 1 or less
DO U A
T
Let 𝑞 (𝑡) = 𝑎𝑡 2 + 𝑏𝑡 + 𝑐 and
ED PR
𝑟(𝑡) = 𝑝𝑡 + 𝑞
C

©
𝑓(𝑡) = g(𝑡) × 𝑞 (𝑡) + 𝑟(𝑡)

2𝑡 4 + 3𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 − 9𝑡 − 12 = (𝑎𝑡 2 + 𝑏𝑡 + 𝑐)(𝑡 2 − 3) + 𝑝𝑡 + 𝑞
2𝑡 4 + 3𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 − 9𝑡 − 12 = 𝑎𝑡 4 + 𝑏𝑡 3 + 𝑐𝑡 2 − 3𝑎𝑡 2 − 3𝑏𝑡 − 3𝑐 + 𝑝𝑡 + 𝑞
2𝑡 4 + 3𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 − 9𝑡 − 12 = 𝑎𝑡 4 + 𝑏𝑡 3 + 𝑡 2 (3𝑎 − 𝑐) − 𝑡(3𝑏 − 𝑝) − 3𝑐 + 𝑞
Equating co-efficient of various powers of t, we get
On equating the co-efficient of 𝑡 4
2𝑡 4 = 𝑎𝑡 4
2𝑡 4 = 𝑎𝑡 4
2=𝑎
3𝑡 3 = 𝑏𝑡 3
3𝑡 3 = 𝑏𝑡 3
3=𝑏
2 = 3𝑎 − 𝑐
T IO S
2=3×2−𝑐
I
2=6−𝑐
NO A D
CO N
2 − 6 = −𝑐
A
−4 = −𝑐
PY
DO U A
𝑐=4
T
ED PR
On equating the co-efficient of 𝑡

9 = 3𝑏 − 𝑝
C
©
Substituting 𝑏 = 3, we get
9=3×3−𝑝
9=9−𝑝
9 − 9 = −𝑝
0 = −𝑝
𝑝=0

−12 = −3𝑐 + 𝑞
Substituting 𝑐 = 4, we get
−12 = 3 × 4 + 𝑞
−12 = −12 + 𝑞
−12 + 12 = +𝑞
0=𝑞
Quotient 𝑞 (𝑡) = 𝑎𝑡 2 + 𝑏𝑡 + 𝑐
= 2𝑡 2 + 3𝑡 + 4
T IO S
Remainder 𝑟(𝑡) = 𝑝𝑡 + 𝑞
I
= 0𝑡 + 0
NO A D
CO N
0
A
Clearly, 𝑟(𝑡) = 0
PY
DO U A
Hence,(g(𝑡)) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑡).

T
ED PR
(ii) Given
C
©
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 1
Remainder 𝑟(𝑥 ) is of degree 1
Let 𝑞 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 and
𝑟(𝑥 ) = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥 )
𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 1)(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
= 𝑎𝑥 5 − 3𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 4 − 3𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑐 + 𝑐 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
= 𝑎𝑥 5 + 𝑏𝑥 4 − 3𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 − 3𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑐 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑐 + 𝑞
T IO S
𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
I
= 𝑎𝑥 5 + 𝑏𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 (3𝑎 − 𝑐) + 𝑥 2 (𝑎 − 3𝑏) + 𝑥 2 (𝑎 − 3𝑏) + 𝑥(𝑏 − 3𝑐 + 𝑝) + 𝑐 +
𝑞 NO A D
CO N
A
Equating the co-efficient of various powers of on both sides, we get
PY
DO U A
T
𝑥 5 = 𝑎𝑥 5
ED PR
𝑥 5 = 𝑎𝑥 5
C
1=𝑎
©

𝑏𝑥 4 = 0
0
𝑏=
𝑥4
𝑏=0
3𝑎 − 𝑐 = 4
3×1−𝑐 =4
3−𝑐 =4
−𝑐 = 4
−𝑐 = 4 − 3
𝑐=1
𝑏 − 3𝑐 + 𝑝 = 3
Substituting 𝑏 = 0 and 𝑐 = −1, we get
T IO S
0 − 3 × −1 + 𝑝 = 3
I
3+𝑝 =3
NO A D
CO N
+𝑝 =3−3
A
𝑝=0
PY
DO U A
On equating constant term, we get

T
ED PR
𝑐+𝑞 =1
Substituting 𝑐 = −1, we get
C
©
−1 + 𝑞 = 1
𝑞 =1+1
𝑞=2
Therefore, quotient 𝑞(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
= 1𝑥 2 + 0𝑥 − 1
= 𝑥2 − 1
=0 ×𝑥+2
=2
Clearly, 𝑟(𝑥 ) = 2
Hence,g(𝑥 ) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
(iii) Given,
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 15
g(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3
T IO S
I
NO A D
CO N
Remainder 𝑟(𝑥 ) is of degree less than 1
A
Let 𝑞 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 and
PY
DO U A
T
𝑟(𝑥 ) = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
ED PR

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥 )
C
©
6𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 15 = (2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3)(𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 +
𝑑) + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
6𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 15 = 2𝑎𝑥 5 − 𝑎𝑥 4 + 3𝑎𝑥 3 + 2𝑏𝑥 4 −
𝑏𝑥 3 + 3𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑥 3 − 𝑐𝑥 2 + 3𝑐𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 𝑑 − 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑑 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
6𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 15 = 2𝑎𝑥 5 − 𝑎𝑥 4 + 2𝑏𝑥 4 + 3𝑎𝑥 3 −
𝑏𝑥 3 + 2𝑐𝑥 3 + 3𝑏𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑑 − 𝑐𝑥 2 + 3𝑐𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑝𝑥 + 3𝑑 + 𝑞
6𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 15 = 2𝑎𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 (𝑎 − 2𝑏) −
𝑥 3 (3𝑎 − 𝑏 + 2𝑐) − 𝑥 2 (𝑐 − 3𝑏 − 2𝑑) − 𝑥 (𝑑 − 3𝑐 − 𝑝) + 3𝑑 + 𝑞
2𝑎𝑥 5 = 6𝑥 5
2𝑎𝑥 5 = 6𝑥 5
6
𝑎=
2
𝑎=3
𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 1
T IO S
3 − 2𝑏 = 1
I
NO A D
−2𝑏 = 1 − 3
CO N
A
−2
−𝑏 =
−2
PY
DO U A
−𝑏 = −1
T
ED PR
𝑏=1
C
3𝑎 − 𝑏 + 2𝑐 = 4
©
Substituting 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = 1, we get

3 × 3 − 1 + 2𝑐 = 4
9 − 1 + 2𝑐 = 4
8 + 2𝑐 = 4
2𝑐 = 4 − 8
2𝑐 = −4
−4
𝑐=
2
𝑐 = −2
𝑐 − 3𝑏 − 2𝑑 = 5
Substituting 𝑐 = −2, 𝑏 = 1, we get
−2 − 3 × 1 − 2𝑑 = 5
−2 − 3 − 2𝑑 = 5
−5 − 2𝑑 = 5
−2𝑑 = 5 + 5
T IO S
−2𝑑 = 5 + 5
I
−2𝑑 = 10
NO A D
CO N
10
𝑑=
A
−2
PY
𝑑 = −5
DO U A
T
ED PR
−3𝑐 + 𝑑 − 𝑝 = 1
C
Substituting 𝑐 = −2 and 𝑑 = −5, we get

©
−3 × −2 − 5 − 𝑝 = 1
6−5−𝑝 =1
1−𝑝 =1
−𝑝 = 1 − 1
−𝑝 = 0
0=𝑝
3𝑑 + 𝑞 = −15
Substituting 𝑑 = −5, we get
3 × −5 + 𝑞 = −15
−15 + 𝑞 = −15
𝑞 = −15 + 15
𝑞=0
Therefore, Quotient 𝑞 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
= 3𝑥 3 + 1𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5
T IO S
= 0𝑥 + 0
I
=0
NO A D
CO N
Clearly, 𝑟(𝑥 ) = 0
A
Hence,g(𝑥 ) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 2.57:
Question 3: Obtain all zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 −
C
14𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 6, if two of its zeros are −2 and −1.

©
ANSWER:
We know that, if 𝑥 = 𝛼 is a zero of a polynomial, and then 𝑥 = 𝛼 is a
factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
Since −2 and −1 are zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
Therefore
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 + 2
= 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 is a factor of 𝑓 (𝑥 ). Now, We divide 2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 14𝑥 2 −
19𝑥 − 6 by g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 to find the other zeros of 𝑓 (𝑥 ).
2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 3
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 +2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 14𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 6
+2𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2
− − −
3 2
−5𝑥 − 18𝑥 − 19𝑥
−5𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 − 10𝑥
+ + +
2
−3𝑥 − 9𝑥 − 6
−3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 6
+ + +
0
T IO S I
NO A D
By using division algorithm, we have, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) − 𝑟(𝑥 )
CO N
A
2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 14𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3)
PY
2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 14𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 1𝑥 − 3)
DO U A
2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 14𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 6 = [𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 1(𝑥 + 2)][2𝑥(𝑥 − 3) + 1(𝑥 − 3)]

T
ED PR
2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 14𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 6 = [(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)]

−1
Hence, the zeros of the given polynomials are −1, −2, and 3.
C
2
©
Page No 2.57:
Question 4: Obtain all zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 + 20, if one
of its zeros is −2.
ANSWER:
Since −2 is one zero of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
Therefore, we know that, if 𝑥 = 𝑎 is a zero of a polynomial, then
(𝑥 − 𝑎) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
Now, we divide 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 + 20 by g(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 2) to
find the others zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 10
𝑥 + 2 +𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 + 20
+𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2
− −
+11𝑥 2 + 32𝑥
+11𝑥 2 + 22𝑥
− −
+10𝑥 + 20
+10𝑥 + 20
T IO S
− −
0
I
NO A D
CO N
A
By using that division algorithm we have, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) − 𝑟(𝑥 )
PY
𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 + 20 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 10) + 0
DO U A
T
𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 + 20 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 1𝑥 + 10)
ED PR
𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 + 20 = (𝑥 + 2)[𝑥 (𝑥 + 10) + 1(𝑥 + 10)]

C
𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 + 20 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 10)

©
Hence, the zeros of the given polynomials are −2, −1 and −10.
Page No 2.57:
Question 5: Obtain all zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 −
𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 6, if two of its zeros are −√3 and √3
ANSWER:
We know that if 𝑥 = 𝛼 is a zero of a polynomial, then (𝑥 − 𝛼 ) is a
Since −√3 and √3 are zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
Therefore
(𝑥 + √3)(𝑥 − √3) = 𝑥 2 + √3𝑥 − √3𝑥 − 3
= 𝑥 2 + √3𝑥 − √3𝑥 − 3
= 𝑥2 − 3
𝑥 2 − 3 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ). Now, we divide 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 +
9𝑥 − 6 by g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3 to find the other zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
𝑥 2 + 3 +𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 6
T IO S
+𝑥 4 − 0 − 3𝑥 2
I
− + +
NO A D −3𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥
3
CO N
A
−3𝑥 3 + 0 + 9𝑥
+ − −
PY
DO U A
2
2𝑥 − 6
+2𝑥 2 − 6
T
ED PR
− +
0
C
©
By using division algorithm we have, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) − 𝑟(𝑥 ).

𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 2 − 3)(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2) + 0
𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 2 − 3)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1𝑥 + 2)
𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 2 − 3)[𝑥 (𝑥 − 2) − 1(𝑥 − 2)]
𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 2 − 3)[(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)]
𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 + √3)(𝑥 − √3)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
Hence, the zeros of the given polynomials are −√3, +√3, +1, +2.
Page No 2.57:
Question 6: Find all zeros of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 −
3 3
7𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6, if its two zeros are −√ and √
2 2
ANSWER:
3 3
Since −√ and √ are two zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).Therefore,
2 2
√3 √3
= (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 + )
2 2
T IO S
3
= (𝑥 2 − )
I
2
NO A D
CO N
1
= (2𝑥 2 − 3) is a factor of 𝑓 (𝑥 ).
A
2
PY
Also 2𝑥 2 − 3 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
DO U A
Let us now divide 𝑓 (𝑥 ) by 2𝑥 2 − 3. We have,

T
ED PR
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
2𝑥 2 + 3 +2𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6
C
+2𝑥 4 + 0 − 3𝑥 2
©
− − +
−2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
−2𝑥 3 − 0 + 3𝑥
+ + −
−4𝑥 2 + 6
−4𝑥 2 + 6
+ −
0
By using division algorithm we have, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) − 𝑟(𝑥 )

2𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6 = (2𝑥 2 − 3)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2) + 0
2𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6 = (√2𝑥 + √3)(√2𝑥 − √3)(𝑥 2 + 1𝑥 −
2𝑥 − 2)
2𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6 = (√2𝑥 + √3)(√2𝑥 − √3)[𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) −
2(𝑥 + 1)]
2𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6 = (√2𝑥 + √3)(√2𝑥 − √3)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)
3 3
Hence, The zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ) are −√ , √ , 2, −1.
2 2
Page No 2.57:
T IO S
Question 7: Find all the zeros of the polynomial 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 34𝑥 2 −
I
NO A D
4𝑥 + 120, if two of its zeros are 2 and −2.
CO N
A
ANSWER:
PY
We know that if 𝑥 − 𝛼 is a zero of a polynomial, then 𝑥 − 𝛼 is a factor
DO U A
of 𝑓 (𝑥 ).
T
ED PR
Since, 2 and −2 are zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).

Therefore
C
©
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) = 𝑥 2 − 22
= 𝑥2 − 4
𝑥 2 − 4 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ). Now, we divide 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 34𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 +
120 by g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4 to find the other zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 30
𝑥 2 − 4 +𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 34𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 120
+𝑥 4 + 0 + 4𝑥 2
− − −
+ 𝑥 − 30𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
3
+ 𝑥 3 − 0 − 4𝑥
+ + +
−30𝑥 2 + 120
−30𝑥 2 + 120
+ −
0

𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 34𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 120 = (𝑥 2 − 4)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 30) − 0
𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 34𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 120 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 30)
T IO S
𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 34𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 120 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥(𝑥 + 6) − 5(𝑥 + 6))
I
NO A D
𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 34𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 120 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 5)
CO N
A
Hence, the zeros of the given polynomial are −2, +2, −60 and 5.
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 2.57:
Question 8: Find all zeros of the polynomial 2𝑥 4 + 7𝑥 3 − 19𝑥 2 −
C
14𝑥 + 30, if two of its zeros are √2 and −√2.

©
ANSWER:
of 𝑓 (𝑥 ).
Since √2 and −√2 are zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
Therefore
2
(𝑥 + √2)(𝑥 − √2) = 𝑥 2 − (√2)
= 𝑥2 − 2
𝑥 2 − 2 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ). Now, we divide 2𝑥 4 + 7𝑥 3 − 19𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 +
30 by g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2 to find the zero of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 15
𝑥 2 − 2 +2𝑥 4 + 7𝑥 3 − 19𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 30
+2𝑥 4 + 0 − 4𝑥 2
− − +
+ 7𝑥 − 15𝑥 2 − 14𝑥
3
+ 7𝑥 3 − 0 − 14𝑥
− + +
2
−15𝑥 + 30
−15𝑥 2 + 30
+ −
0
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
2𝑥 4 + 7𝑥 3 − 19𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 30 = (𝑥 2 − 2)(2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 15) + 0
PY
2𝑥 4 + 7𝑥 3 − 19𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 30 = (𝑥 + √2)(𝑥 − √2)(2𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 15)
DO U A
T
2𝑥 4 + 7𝑥 3 − 19𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 30 = (𝑥 + √2)(𝑥 − √2)[2𝑥(𝑥 + 5) − 3(𝑥 + 5)]
ED PR
2𝑥 4 + 7𝑥 3 − 19𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 30 = (𝑥 + √2)(𝑥 − √2)(2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 5)

C
+3
Hence, the zeros of the given polynomial are −√2, +√2, , −5.
©
Page No 2.58:
Question 9: Find all the zeros of the polynomial 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 3, if
two of its zeros are −√3 and √3.
ANSWER:
of 𝑓 (𝑥 ).
Since √3 and −√3 are zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
Therefore
2
(𝑥 + √3)(𝑥 − √3) = 𝑥 2 − (√3)
= 𝑥2 − 3
𝑥 2 − 3 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ). Now, we divide 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 3 by
𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3 to find the other zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
𝑥 2 − 3 +2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 3
+2𝑥 3 − 0 − 6𝑥
T IO S
− +
2
+𝑥 + 0 − 3
I
+𝑥 2 + 0 − 3
NO A D
CO N
− +
A
0
PY
DO U A
By using division algorithm we have 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) − 𝑟(𝑥 )

T
ED PR
2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 3 = (𝑥 2 − 3) × (2𝑥 + 1) + 0
2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 3 = (𝑥 2 + √3)(𝑥 − √3)(2𝑥 + 1)
C
©
−1
Hence, the zeros of the given polynomial are −√3, +√3, .
2
Page No 2.58:
Question 10: Find all the zeros of the polynomial 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 6,
if two of its zeros are −√2 and √2.
ANSWER:
We know that if 𝑥 = 𝛼 is a zero of a polynomial, and then 𝑥 − 𝛼 is a
Since √2 and −√2 are zeros of .
Therefore
2
(𝑥 + √2)(𝑥 − √2) = 𝑥 2 − (√2)
= 𝑥2 − 2
𝑥 2 − 2 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ). Now, we divide 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 6 by
g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2 to find the other zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
𝑥+3
2
𝑥 − 2 +𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3
3
T IO S
+𝑥 3 − 0 − 2𝑥
I
− +
NO A D 2
+3𝑥 − 6
CO N
+𝑥 2 − 3
A
− +
PY
DO U A
0
T
ED PR
By using division algorithm we have 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) − 𝑟(𝑥 )

𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 2 − 2)(𝑥 + 3) − 0
C
©
= (𝑥 + √2)(𝑥 − √2)(𝑥 + 3)
Hence, the zeros of the given polynomials are −√2, +√2 and −3.
Page No 2.58:
Question 11: Find all zeros of the polynomial 2𝑥 4 – 9𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 +
3𝑥 – 1, if two of its zeros are 2 + √3 and 2 − √3.
ANSWER:
It is given that 2 + √3 and 2 − √3 are two zeroes of the polynomial
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 4 – 9𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1.
∴ {𝑥 − (2 + √3)} {𝑥 − (2 − √3)} = (𝑥 − 2 − √3) (𝑥 − 2 + √3)
2
= (𝑥 − 2)2 − (√3)
= 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 − 3
= 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1
is a factor of 𝑓 (𝑥 )
Now, divide 𝑓(𝑥 ) by 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 1.
∴ 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1) (2𝑥 2 – 𝑥 – 1)
T IO S
Hence, other two zeroes of f(x) are the zeroes of the polynomial
I
2𝑥 2 – 𝑥 – 1.
NO A D
CO N
2𝑥 2 – 𝑥 – 1 = 2𝑥 2 – 2𝑥 + 𝑥 – 1 = 2𝑥(𝑥 – 1) + 1 (𝑥 – 1) =
A
(2𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 – 1)
PY
DO U A
1
Hence, the other two zeroes are − and 1.
T 2
ED PR
Page No 2.58:
C
©
Question 12: What must be added to the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 +

2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 so that the resulting polynomial is exactly divisible
by 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3?
ANSWER:
We know that,
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 ) − 𝑟(𝑥 )
𝑓(𝑥 ) − 𝑟(𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞(𝑥 )
𝑓(𝑥 ) + {−𝑟(𝑥 )} = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞 (𝑥 )
Clearly, Right hand side is divisible by g(𝑥 ).
Therefore, Left hand side is also divisible by g(𝑥 ).Thus, if we add
−𝑟(𝑥 ) to 𝑓(𝑥 ), then the resulting polynomial is divisible by g(𝑥 ).
Let us now find the remainder when 𝑓(𝑥 ) is divided by g(𝑥 ).
𝑥2 + 1
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 +𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1
+𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2
− − +
+ 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 1
+ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
− − +
−𝑥 + 2
T IO S I
NO A D
Hence, we should add −𝑟(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 2 to 𝑓(𝑥 ) so that the resulting
CO N
A
polynomial is divisible by .
PY
DO U A
T
Page No 2.58:
ED PR
Question 13: What must be subtracted from the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =

𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 13𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 21 so that the resulting polynomial is
C
exactly divisible by 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3?
©
ANSWER:
We know that Dividend = Quotient × Divisor + Remainder.
Dividend − Remainder = Quotient × Divisor..
Clearly, Right hand side of the above result is divisible by the divisor.
Therefore, left hand side is also divisible by the divisor.
Thus, if we subtract remainder from the dividend, then it will be exactly
divisible by the divisor.
Dividing 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 13𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 21 by 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 +𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 13𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 21
+𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2
− + −
+ 6𝑥 − 16𝑥 2 + 12𝑥
3
+ 6𝑥 3 − 24𝑥 2 + 18𝑥
− + −
2
+8𝑥 − 30𝑥 + 21
+8𝑥 2 − 32𝑥 + 24
− + −
+2𝑥 − 3
T IO S I
NO A D
Therefore, quotient = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8 and remainder = (2𝑥 − 3).
CO N
A
Thus, if we subtract the remainder 2𝑥 − 3 from 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 13𝑥 2 −
PY
12𝑥 + 21, it will be divisible by 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3.
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 2.58:
C
Question 14: Given that √2 is a zero of the cubic polynomial 6𝑥 3 +

©
√2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 4√2 , find its other two zeroes .

ANSWER:
It is given the √2 is a zero of the cubic polynomial = 6𝑥 3 + √2𝑥 2 −
10𝑥 − 4√2.
Therefore, 𝑥 − √2 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ). Now, we divide 6𝑥 3 + √2𝑥 2 −
10𝑥 − 4√2 by 𝑥 − √2 to find the other zeroes of.
6𝑥 2 + 7√2𝑥 + 4
𝑥 − √2 6𝑥 3 + √2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 4√2
6𝑥 3 − 6√2𝑥 2
− +
7√2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 4√2
7√2𝑥 2 − 14𝑥
− +
4𝑥 − 4√2
4𝑥 − 4√2
− +
0
T IO S I
∴ Quotient = 6𝑥 2 + 7√2𝑥 + 4 and remainder = 0.
NO A D
CO N
By using division algorithm, we have 𝑓(𝑥) = g(𝑥) × 𝑞(𝑥) + 𝑟(𝑥).
A
𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − √2)(6𝑥 2 + 7√2𝑥 + 4) + 0
PY
DO U A
T
= (𝑥 − √2)(√2𝑥 + 1)(3√2𝑥 + 4)
ED PR
1 4
Hence, the other two zeroes of the given polynomial are − and − .
√2 3√2
C
©
Page No 2.58:
Question 15: Given that 𝑥 − √5 is a factor of the cubic polynomial
𝑥 3 − 3√5𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 3√5 , find all the zeroes of the polynomial .
ANSWER:
It is given that 𝑥 − √5 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 3√5𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 3√5.
Now, we divide 𝑥 3 − 3√5𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 3√5 by 𝑥 − √5 to find the other
zeroes of 𝑓(𝑥 ).
𝑥 2 − 2√5𝑥 + 3
𝑥 − √5 𝑥 3 − 3√5𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 3√5
𝑥 3 − √5𝑥 2
− +
−2√5𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 3√5
−2√5𝑥 2 + 10𝑥
+ −
3𝑥 − 3√5
3𝑥 − 3√5
T IO S
− +
I
0
NO A D
CO N
A
∴ Quotient = 𝑥 2 − 2√5𝑥 + 3 and remainder = 0.
PY
DO U A
By using division algorithm, we have 𝑓(𝑥) = g(𝑥) × 𝑞(𝑥) + 𝑟(𝑥).
T
𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − √5)(𝑥 2 − 2√5𝑥 + 3) + 0
ED PR
= (𝑥 − √5)[𝑥 − (√5 + √2)][𝑥 − (√5 − √2)]

C
©
Hence, the zeroes of the given polynomial are √5, √5 + √2 and √5 −

√2.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQs)

Page No 2.58:
Question 1: Define a polynomial with real coefficients.
ANSWER:
In the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0 ,
𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥, and 𝑎0 are known as the terms of the
polynomial and 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑎𝑛−1 , … 𝑎1 and 𝑎0 are their real coefficients.
For example, 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 2 is a polynomial and 3 is a real coefficient
Page No 2.58:
Question 2: Define degree of a polynomial.
ANSWER:
The exponent of the highest degree term in a polynomial is known as its
degree.
T IO S
In other words, the highest power of 𝑥 in a polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) is called the
I
NO A D
degree of the polynomial.
CO N
A
For Example: g(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 is a polynomial in the variable x of
degree 2.
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 2.58:
Question 3: Write the standard form of a linear polynomial with real
C
coefficients.
©
ANSWER:
Any linear polynomial in variable 𝑥 with real coefficients is of the form
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏, where 𝑎, 𝑏 are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0
Page No 2.58:
Question 4: Write the standard form of a quadratic polynomial with real
coefficients.
ANSWER:
Any quadratic polynomial in variable 𝑥 with real coefficients is of the
form 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0
Page No 2.58:
Question 5: Write the standard form of a cubic polynomial with real
coefficients.
ANSWER:
The most general form of a cubic polynomial with coefficients as real
numbers is of the form 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 are
T IO S
real number and 𝑎 ≠ 0
I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 2.58:
A
Question 6: Define value of polynomial at a point.
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
If 𝑓(𝑥 ) is a polynomial and 𝛼 is any real number, then the real number
obtained by replacing 𝑥 by 𝛼 in 𝑓(𝑥 ), is called the value of 𝑓(𝑥 ) at 𝑥 =
C
𝛼 and is denoted by 𝑓(𝛼 )

©
Page No 2.58:
Question 7: Define the zero of a polynomial.
ANSWER:
The zero of a polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) is defined as any real number such that
𝑓(𝛼 ) = 0
Page No 2.58:
Question 8: The sum and product of the zeros of a quadratic polynomial
1
are − and −3 respectively. What is the quadratic polynomial?
2
ANSWER:
−1
Let sum of quadratic polynomial is 𝛼 + 𝛽 =
2
Product of the quadratic polynomial is 𝛼𝛽 = −3

Let S and P denote the sum and product of the zeros of a polynomial as
−1
and −3.
2
Then
T IO S
The required polynomial g(𝑥 ) is given by
I
g(𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑃)
NO A D
CO N
−1
A
= 𝑘(𝑥 2 − ( ) 𝑥 + (−3)
2
PY
DO U A
1
= 𝑘 [𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3]
T 2
ED PR
1
Hence, the quadratic polynomial is g(𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3), where k is
2
any non-zero real number
C
©
Page No 2.58:
1
Question 9: Write the family of quadratic polynomials having − and 1
4
as its zeros.
ANSWER:
We know that, if 𝑥 = 𝛼 is a zero of a polynomial then 𝑥 − 2 is a factor
of quadratic polynomials.
−1
Since and 1 are zeros of polynomial.
2
1
Therefore (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 − 1)
4
1 1
= 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 −
4 4
1 1×4 1
= 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − −
4 1×4 4
1−4 1
= 𝑥2 + 𝑥−
4 4
3 1
= 𝑥2 − 𝑥 −
4 4
3 1
Hence, the family of quadratic polynomials is 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − ),
4 4
T IO S
where k is any non-zero real number
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 2.58:
PY
Question 10: If the product of zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
DO U A
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 𝑘 is 3, find the value of k.

T
ED PR
ANSWER:
We have to find the value of k.
C
©
Given,
The product of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 +
𝑘 is 3
Product of the polynomial = 3
Constant term
=3
𝑘
=3
1
𝑘 =3×1
𝑘=3
Hence, the value of k is 𝑘 = 3.
Page No 2.58:
Question 11: If the sum of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑘𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5 is 1, write the value of k.
ANSWER:
We have to find the value of k, if the sum of the zeros of the quadratic
polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5 is 1
Given
T IO S
Sum of the polynomial = 1
I
NO A D
=1
CO N
A
−3
−( ) = 1
PY
𝑘
DO U A
3=1×𝑘
T
ED PR
3=𝑘
Hence, the value of k is 3
C
©
Page No 2.59:
Question 12: In Fig. 2.17, the graph of a polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) is given. Find
the zeros of the polynomial.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
Just see the point of intersection of the curve and x-axis and find out the
x-coordinate of these points. These x-coordinates will be the zeros of the
C
polynomial.
©
Since the intersection points are

Hence, the zeros of the polynomial is −3 and − 1
Page No 2.59:
Question 13: The graph of a polynomial 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥 ), shown in Fig. 2.18.
Find the number of real zeros of 𝑓 (𝑥 ).
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
ANSWER:
©
A real number 𝛼 is a zero of polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ), if 𝑓(𝛼 ) = 0

In the above figure the curve intersects x-axis at one point and touches at
one point.
When a curve touches x-axis at one point, it means it has two common
zeros at that point.
Hence the number of real zeroes is 3
Page No 2.59:
T IO S
Question 14: The graph of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is as
I
shown below (Fig. 2.19). Write the signs of 'a' and 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐.
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
ANSWER:
Clearly 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, represent a parabola opening upwards.
Therefore, 𝑎 > 0
Since the parabola cuts x-axis at two points, this means that the
polynomial will have two real solutions
Hence 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0
Hence 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0
T IO S
Page No 2.59:
I
NO A D
Question 15:
CO N
A
The graph of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is as shown in Fig.
2.20. Write the value of 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 and the number of real zeros of 𝑓(𝑥).
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
ANSWER:
The graph of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 or the curve touches
−𝑏
x−axis at point ( , 0). The x-coordinate of this point gives two equal
2𝑎
zeros of the polynomial and 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0.
T IO S I
Hence the number of real zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ) is 2 and 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 2.59:
PY
DO U A
Question 16: In Q. No. 14, write the sign of c.

T
ED PR
ANSWER:
The parabola 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 cuts y-axis at point P which lies on y-
C
axis. Putting 𝑥 = 0 in 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, we get y = c. So the

©
coordinates of P are (0, 𝑐). Clearly, P lies on OY. Therefore

𝑐>0
Hence, the sign of c is 𝑐 > 0

Page No 2.59:
Question 17: In Q. No. 15, write the sign of c.
ANSWER:
The parabola 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 cuts y-axis at P which lies on OY.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, we get 𝑦 = 𝑐. So the coordinates of

P are. Clearly, P lies on. Therefore
C
©
Page No 2.59:
Question 18: The graph of a polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) is as shown in Fig. 2.21.
Write the number of real zeros of 𝑓(𝑥).
ANSWER:
The graph of a polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) touches x−axis at two points
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
We know that if a curve touches the x-axis at two points then it has two
DO U A
common zeros of 𝑓 (𝑥 ).
T
ED PR
Hence the number of zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ), in this case is 2.

C
©
Page No 2.60:
Question 19: If 𝑥 = 1 is a zero of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥3 − 2𝑥 2 +
4𝑥 + 𝑘, write the value of k.
ANSWER:
We have to find the value of K if 𝑥 = 1 is a zero of the polynomial
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑘.
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑘
𝑓(1) = 13 − 2(1)2 + 4 × 1 + 𝑘
0=1−2+4+𝑘
0=5−2+𝑘
0=3+𝑘
−3 = 𝑘
Hence, the value of k is 𝑘 = −3
T IO S
Page No 2.60:
I
Question 20: State division algorithm for polynomials.
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
If 𝑓(𝑥 ) and g(𝑥 ) are any two polynomials with g(𝑥 ) ≠ 0 then we can
PY
DO U A
always find polynomials 𝑞 (𝑥 ) and 𝑟(𝑥 ) such that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑞 (𝑥 )g(𝑥 ) +
T
𝑟(𝑥 ), where 𝑟(𝑥 ) = 0 or degree 𝑟(𝑥 ) < degree g(𝑥 )
ED PR
C
Page No 2.60:
©
Question 21: Give an example of polynomials 𝑓(𝑥 ), g(𝑥 ), 𝑞 (𝑥 ) and

𝑟(𝑥 ) satisfying 𝑓(𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ), 𝑞 (𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥 ), where degree 𝑟(𝑥 ) = 0.
ANSWER:
𝑓(𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞(𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥 )
𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 1) + 2
𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 − 1 + 2
𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1 + 2
𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
Hence an example for polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ), g(𝑥 ), 𝑞 (𝑥 ) and 𝑟(𝑥 ) satisfying
𝑓(𝑥 ) = g(𝑥 ) × 𝑞(𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥 ) are
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
g(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 1)
𝑞 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 2 − 1)
𝑟(𝑥 ) = 2
T IO S
Page No 2.60:
I
NO A D
Question 22: Write a quadratic polynomial, sum of whose zeros is 2√3
CO N
A
and their product is 2.
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
Let S and P denotes respectively the sum and product of the zeros of a
ED PR
polynomial 2√3 are 2 and.

The required polynomial g(𝑥) is given by
C
©
g(𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑃)
g(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 2√3𝑥 + 2)
Hence, the quadratic polynomial g(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 2√3𝑥 + 2) is where k

is any non-zeros real number.
Page No 2.60:
Question 23: If fourth degree polynomial is divided by a quadratic
polynomial, write the degree of the remainder.
ANSWER:
Here 𝑓 (𝑥 ) represent dividend and g(𝑥 ) represent divisor.
g(𝑥 ) = quadratic polynomial
g(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
Therefore, degree of (𝑓(𝑥 )) = 4
Degree of (g(𝑥 )) = 2
The quotient 𝑞 (𝑥 ) is of degree 2 = (4 − 2)
The remainder 𝑟(𝑥 ) is of degree 1 or less.
T IO S
Hence, the degree of the remainder is equal to 1 or less than 1
I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 2.60:
A
PY
Question 24:
DO U A
If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 is divisible by 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 write the value of a

T
ED PR
and b.
ANSWER:
C
We are given 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 is exactly divisible by 𝑥 2 − 𝑥

©
then the remainder should be zero

𝑥+2
2
𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏
+𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2
− +
+2𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
+2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
− +
𝑥 (2 − 𝑎) + 𝑏
Therefore Quotient = 𝑥 + 2 and

Remainder = 𝑥 (2 − 𝑎) + 𝑏
Now, Remainder = 0
𝑥 (2 − 𝑎) + 𝑏 = 0
𝑥 (2 − 𝑎) + 𝑏 = 0𝑥 + 0
Equating coefficient of x, we get
2−𝑎 =0
2=𝑎
T IO S
Equating constant term
I
𝑏=0
NO A D
CO N
Hence, the value of 𝑎 and 𝑏 are 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 0
A
PY
DO U A
Page No 2.60:
T
ED PR
Question 25: If 𝑎 − 𝑏, 𝑎 and 𝑏 are zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =

2𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 7, write the value of 𝑎.
C
ANSWER:
©
Let 𝑎 − 𝑏, 𝑎 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 be the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 −

6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 7 then
Sum of the zeros =
−6
(𝑎 − 𝑑) + 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑) = − ( )
2
6
𝑎+𝑎+𝑎−𝑑−𝑑 =
2
3𝑎 = 3
3
𝑎=
3
𝑎=1
Hence, the value of a is 1.
Page No 2.60:
Question 26: Write the coefficient of the polynomial 𝑝(𝑧) = 𝑧 5 −
2𝑧 2 + 4.
ANSWER:
We have to find the co-efficient of the polynomial 𝑝(𝑧) = 𝑧 5 − 2𝑧 2 + 4
T IO S
Co-efficient of 𝑧 5 = 1
I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
Co-efficient of 𝑧 2 = −2
T
ED PR
Co-efficient of 𝑧 = 0
Constant term = 4
C
Hence, the co-efficient of 𝑧 5 , 𝑧 4 , 𝑧 3 , 𝑧 2 , 𝑧 and constant term is

©
1,0,0, −2,0,4
Page No 2.60:
Question 27: Write the zeros of the polynomial 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6.
ANSWER:
We have to find the zeros of the polynomial 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 6
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 (𝑥 − 3) + 2(𝑥 − 3)
𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3)
We know that if (𝑥 − 𝛼 ) is a factor of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) then 𝑥 = 𝛼 is a zero of
polynomial
Therefore, we have
𝑥+2=0
𝑥 = −2
Also
T IO S
𝑥−3=0
I
NO A D
𝑥=3
CO N
A
Hence, the zeros of polynomial 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 is 3, −2
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 2.60:
Question 28: If (𝑥 + 𝑎) is a factor of 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 10, find a.
C
ANSWER:
©
Given (𝑥 + 𝑎) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 10.

Let us now divide 𝑓 (𝑥 ) by 𝑥 + 𝑎.
We have,
2𝑥 + 5
2
𝑥 + 𝑎 +2𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 10
+2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥
− −
+5𝑥 + 0 + 10
+5𝑥 + 5𝑎 + 0
− −
−5𝑎 + 10
Now, remainder = 0
10 − 5𝑎 = 0
10 = 5𝑎
10
=𝑎
5
2=𝑎
Hence, the value of a is 2.
T IO S I
CO N
Question 29: For what value of k, −4 is a zero of the polynomial 𝑥 2 −
A
𝑥 − (2𝑘 + 2)?
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
We know that if 𝑥 = 𝛼 is zero polynomial then 𝑥 − 2 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 )

Since −4 is zero of 𝑓(𝑥 )
C
©
Therefore 𝑥 + 4 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 )

Now, we divide 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − (2𝑘 + 2) by g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 4 to find the
value of k
𝑥−5
𝑥 + 4 +𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2𝑘 − 2
+𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
− −
−5𝑥 − 2𝑘 − 2
−5𝑥 − 20
+ +
−2𝑘 + 18
Now, Remainder = 0
−2𝑘 + 18 = 0
−2𝑘 = −18
−18
𝑘=
2
−18
𝑘=
−2
𝑘=9
Hence, the value of k is 9
T IO S I
CO N
A
Question 30: If 1 is a zero of the polynomial 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 −
PY
3(𝑎 − 1) 𝑥 − 1, then find the value of 𝑎.
DO U A
T
ANSWER:
ED PR
We know that if 𝑥 = 𝛼 is a zero of polynomial then 𝑥 − 𝛼 is a factor of

𝑝(𝑥 )
C
©
Since 1 is zero of 𝑝(𝑥 )

Therefore, 𝑥 − 1 is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥 )
Now, we divide 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 − 3(𝑎 − 1)𝑥 − 1 by x − 1.
𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑎 + 3
𝑥 − 1 𝑎𝑥 2 − 3𝑎𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 1
+𝑎𝑥 2 − 1𝑎𝑥
− +
−2𝑎𝑥 + 3𝑥
−2𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑎
+ −
+3𝑥 − 2𝑎 − 1
+3𝑥 − 0 − 3
− +
−2𝑎 + 2
Now, Remainder = 0
−2𝑎 + 2 = 0
−2𝑎 = −2
−2
𝑎=
−2
𝑎=1
Hence, the value of a is 1
T IO S I
CO N
Question 31: If α, β are the zeros of a polynomial such that α + β = −6
A
and αβ = −4, then write the polynomial.
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
Let S and P denotes respectively the sum and product of the zeros of a
polynomial
C
We are given S = −6 and P = −4. Then

©
The required polynomial g(𝑥 ) is given by

g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑃
g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − (−6)𝑥 + (−4)
= 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 4
Hence, the polynomial is 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 4
Page No 2.60:
Question 32: If α, β are the zeros of the polynomial 2𝑦 2 + 7𝑦 + 5,
write the value of α + β + αβ.
ANSWER:
Let α and β are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑦 2 + 7𝑦 + 5.Then
−Coefficient of 𝑦 −7
The sum of the zeros = = The product of the zeros =
Coefficient of 𝑦 2 2
Constant term 5
=
Coefficient of y2 2
Then the value of α + β + αβ is

𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛼𝛽
T IO S
−7 5
= +
I
2 2
−7+5 NO A D
CO N
=
A
2
−2
PY
=
DO U A
−2
T
= −1
ED PR
Hence, the value of 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛼𝛽 is 1

C
©
Page No 2.60:
Question 33: For what value of k, is 3 a zero of the polynomial 2x2 + x +
k?
ANSWER:
We know that if 𝑥 = 𝛼 is zero polynomial, and then 𝑥 − 𝛼 is a factor of
𝑓(𝑥 )
Since 3 is zero of 𝑓 (𝑥 )
Therefore 𝑥 − 3 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 )
Now, we divide 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝑘 by g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 3 to find the value
of k
𝑥−5
𝑥 − 3 +2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝑘
+2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
− +
+7𝑥 + 𝑘
+7𝑥 − 21
− +
𝑘 + 21
T IO S
Now, remainder = 0
I
𝑘 + 21 = 0
NO A D
CO N
𝑘 = −21
A
Hence, the value of k is −21
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 2.60:
Question 34: For what value of k, is −3 a zero of the polynomial 𝑥 2 +
C
11𝑥 + 𝑘?
©
ANSWER:
𝑓(𝑥 )
Since −3 is zero of 𝑓(𝑥 ). Therefore 𝑥 + 3 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 )
Now, we divide 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 𝑘 by g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 3 to find the
value of k.
𝑥+8
𝑥 + 3 +𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 𝑘
+𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
− −
+8𝑥 + 𝑘
+8𝑥 + 24
− −
𝑘 − 24
T IO S
Now, Remainder = 0
I
𝑘 − 24 = 0
NO A D
CO N
𝑘 = 24
A
Hence, the value of k is 24.
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 2.60:
Question 35: For what value of k, is −2 a zero of the polynomial 3𝑥 2 +
C
4𝑥 + 2𝑘?
©
ANSWER:
𝑓(𝑥 )
Since −2 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ).Therefore 𝑥 + 2 is a factor of 𝑓 (𝑥 )
Now, we divide 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2𝑘 by g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2 to find the
value of k
3𝑥 − 2
𝑥 + 2 +3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2𝑘
+3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥
− −
−2𝑥 + 2𝑘
−2𝑥 + 0 − 4
+ +
2𝑘 + 4
T IO S
Now, Remainder = 0
I
Hence, the value of k is −2
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 2.60:
PY
DO U A
Question 36: If a quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is factorable into linear

T
ED PR
distinct factors, then what is the total number of real and distinct zeros of
𝑓(𝑥 )?
C
ANSWER:
©
If a quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is factorized into linear

polynomials then the total number of real and distinct zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ) will
be 2.
Page No 2.61:
Question 37: If a quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is a square of a linear
polynomial, then its two zeros are coincident. (True/False).
ANSWER:
The polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 = (𝑥 − 0)(𝑥 − 0) has two identical factors.
The curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 cuts X axis at two coincident points that is exactly at
one point.
Hence, quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) is a square of linear polynomial then
its two zeros are coincident. True.
Page No 2.61:
Question 38: If a quadratic polynomial f(x) is not factorable into linear
factors, then it has no real zero. (True/False)
ANSWER:
T IO S
When polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is not factorable then the curve
I
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 does not touch x-axis. Parabola open upwards above
NO A D
CO N
the x-axis or open downwards below x-axis where 𝑎 > 0 or 𝑎 < 0.
A
Hence, if quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) is not factorable into linear factors
PY
DO U A
then it has no real zeros. True.
T
ED PR
Page No 2.61:
C
Question 39: If 𝑓(𝑥) is a polynomial such that 𝑓 (𝑎) 𝑓(𝑏) < 0, then what
©
is the number of zeros lying between 𝑎 and 𝑏?

ANSWER:
If 𝑓(𝑥) is a polynomial such that 𝑓(𝑎) 𝑓(𝑏) < 0 then this means the
value of the polynomial are of different sign for 𝑎 to 𝑏
Hence, at least one zero will be lying between 𝑎 and 𝑏
Page No 2.61:
Question 40: If graph of quadratic polynomial 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 cuts
positive direction of y-axis, then what is the sign of c?
ANSWER:
If graph of quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑥 cuts positive
direction of y−axis, then
Put x = 0 for the point of intersection of the polynomial and y−axis
We have 𝑦 = 0 + 0 + 𝑐 = 𝑐
Since the point (0, 𝑐) is above the x-axis
Hence, the sign of c is positive, that is 𝑐 > 0
T IO S
Page No 2.61:
I
NO A D
Question 41: If the graph of quadratic polynomial 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 cuts
CO N
A
negative direction of y-axis, then what is the sign of c?
PY
DO U A
ANSWER: T
Since graph of quadratic polynomial𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑥 cuts negative
ED PR
direction of y−axis
So put 𝑥 = 0 to find the intersection point on y-axis
C
©
So the point is (0, 𝑐 )

Now it is given that the quadratic polynomial cuts negative direction of y
So 𝑐 > 0
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION (MCQ)
Page No 2.61:
Question 1: If α, β are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1,
1 1
then + =
𝛼 𝛽
(a) 1
(b) −1
T IO S
(c) 0
I
(d) None of these
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
Since 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 +
PY
DO U A
1,
T
ED PR
𝛼+𝛽 =
−1
=1
C
=
5
©
Constant term
𝛼×𝛽 =
1
= =1
1
We have
1 1
= +
𝛼 𝛽
𝛽+𝛼
=
𝛼𝛽
−1
=
1
= −1
1 1
The value of + is −1
𝛼 𝛽
Hence, the correct choice is (𝑏).
Page No 2.61:
Question 2: If α, β are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 +
1 1
7, then + is equal to
𝛼 𝛽
T IO S
7
(a)
I
3
NO A D
7
CO N
(b) −
A
3
3
PY
(c)
DO U A
7
3
T
(d) −
ED PR
ANSWER:
C
Since 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 2 +

©
3𝑥 + 7
𝛼+𝛽 =
−3
=
4
Constant term
𝛼×𝛽 =
7
=
4
We have
1 1
= +
𝛼 𝛽
𝛽+𝛼
=
𝛼𝛽
−3
4
= 7
4
−3 4
= ×
4 7
−3 4
= ×
4 7
−3
T IO S
=
7
I
1 1 −3
The value of + is .
NO A D 𝛼 𝛽 7
CO N
A
Hence, the correct choice is (𝑑)
PY
DO U A
T
Page No 2.61:
ED PR
Question 3: If one zero of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑘 2 + 4)𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 +

4𝑘 is reciprocal of the other, then k =
C
©
(a) 2
(b) −2
(c) 1
(d) −1
ANSWER:
We are given 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑘 2 + 4)𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 4𝑘 then
𝛼+𝛽 =
−13
=
𝑘 2 +4
Constant term
𝛼×𝛽 =
4𝑘
=
𝑘 2 +4
One root of the polynomial is reciprocal of the other. Then, we have

𝛼×𝛽 =1
4𝑘
⇒ =1
𝑘 2 +4
⇒ 𝑘 2 − 4𝑘 + 4 = 0
⇒ (𝑘 − 2)2 = 0
T IO S
⇒𝑘=2
I
NO A D
Hence the correct choice is (𝑎).
CO N
A
Page No 2.62:
PY
DO U A
Question 4: If the sum of the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 −
T
3𝑘𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 is 6, then the value of 𝑘 is
ED PR
(a) 2
C
(b) 4
©
(c) −2
(d) −4
ANSWER:
Let 𝛼, 𝛽 be the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑘𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5
and we are given that
𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 6.
Then,
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
(−3𝑘) 3𝑘
=− =
2 2
It is given that
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =6
3𝑘
Substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = , we get
2
+3𝑘
=6
2
+3𝑘 = 6 × 2
+3𝑘 = 12
T IO S
12
𝑘=
I
+3
NO A D
CO N
𝑘 = +4
A
The value of k is 4.
PY
DO U A
Hence, the correct alternative is (𝑏)

T
ED PR
Page No 2.62:
C
Question 5: If α and β are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 +

©
1 1
𝑞, then a polynomial having and is its zero is
α β
(a) 𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑝
(b) 𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
(c) 𝑞𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 1
(d) 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 1
ANSWER:
Let 𝛼 and 𝛽 be the zeros of the polynomial. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 Then,
𝛼+𝛽 =
𝑝
=−
1
= −𝑝
And
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
𝑞
=
1
=𝑞
T IO S
Let S and R denote respectively the sum and product of the zeros of a
I
NO A D
polynomial
CO N
A
1 1
Whose zeros are and .then
α β
PY
DO U A
1 1
𝑆= +
T
α β
ED PR
𝛼+𝛽
=
𝛼𝛽
C
−𝑝
=
©
𝑞
1 1
R= ×
α β
1
=
𝛼𝛽
1
=
𝑞
Hence, the required polynomial g(𝑥 ) whose sum and product of zeros are
S and R is given by
𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑅 = 0
−𝑝 1
𝑥2 + 𝑥+ =0
𝑞 𝑞
𝑞𝑥 2 +𝑃𝑥+1
=0
𝑞
⇒ 𝑞𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 1
So g(𝑥 ) = 𝑞𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 1
Hence, the correct choice is (𝑐)
Page No 2.62:
T IO S
Question 6: If α, β are the zeros of polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑝 (𝑥 + 1) −
I
𝑐, then (α + 1) (β + 1) =
NO A D
CO N
A
(a) c − 1
PY
DO U A
(b) 1 − c
T
ED PR
(c) c
(d) 1 + c
C
©
ANSWER:
Since 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of quadratic polynomial
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑝(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑐
= 𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 − 𝑝 − 𝑐
𝛼+𝛽 =
𝑝
= − (− )
1
=𝑝
And
Constant term
𝛼×𝛽 =
−𝑝−𝑐
=
1
= −𝑝 − 𝑐
We have
(α + 1) (β + 1)
= 𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽 + 𝛼 + 1
= 𝛼𝛽 + (𝛼 + 𝛽 ) + 1
T IO S
= −𝑝 − 𝑐 + (𝑝) + 1
I
= −𝑝 − 𝑐 + 𝑝 + 1
NO A D
CO N
= −𝑐 + 1
A
PY
=1−𝑐
DO U A
The value of (α + 1) (β + 1) is 1 − 𝑐.
T
ED PR
Hence, the correct choice is (𝑏)

C
©
Page No 2.62:
Question 7: If α, β are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 −
𝑝(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑐 such that (α +1) (β + 1) = 0, then c
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) −1
(d) 2
ANSWER:
Since 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of quadratic polynomial
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑝(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑐
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 − 𝑝 − 𝑐
𝛼+𝛽 =
𝑝
= − (− )
1
=𝑝
And
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
T IO S
I
−𝑝−𝑐
=
NO A D 1
CO N
= −𝑝 − 𝑐
A
PY
We have
DO U A
T
0 = (𝛼 + 1)(𝛽 + 1)
ED PR
0 = 𝛼𝛽 + (𝛼 + 𝛽 ) + 1
= −𝑝 − 𝑐 + 𝑝 + 1
C
©
= −𝑐 + 1
𝑐=1
The value of c is 1.
Hence, the correct alternative is (𝑎)
Page No 2.62:
Question 8:
If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 has no real zeros and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0, then
(a) c = 0
(b) c > 0
(c) c < 0
(d) None of these
ANSWER:
If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 has no real zeros and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐+< 0 then 𝑐 <
0
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 2.62:
PY
DO U A
Question 9: If the diagram in Fig. 2.22 shows the graph of the polynomial
T
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, then
ED PR
C
©
(a) a > 0, b < 0 and c > 0

(b) a < 0, b < 0 and c < 0
(c) a < 0, b > 0 and c > 0
(d) a < 0, b > 0 and c < 0
ANSWER:
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 represent a parabola opening upwards.
Therefore, 𝑎 > 0𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 cuts Y axis at P which lies on .
T IO S
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, we get y = c. So the coordinates of P
I
NO A D
is (0, 𝑐). Clearly, P lies on. Therefore 𝑐 > 0
CO N
A
Hence, the correct choice is (𝑎)
PY
DO U A
T
Page No 2.62:
ED PR
Question 10: Figure 2.23 show the graph of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 for which
C
©
(a) a < 0, b > 0 and c > 0

(b) a < 0, b < 0 and c > 0
(c) a < 0, b < 0 and c < 0
(d) a > 0, b > 0 and c < 0
ANSWER:
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 represent a parabola opening downwards.
Therefore, 𝑎 < 0
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 cuts y-axis at P which lies on 𝑂𝑌 . Putting 𝑥 = 0
in, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 we get y = c. So the coordinates P are (0, 𝑐) .
Clearly, 𝑃 lies on 𝑂𝑌. Therefore 𝑐 > 0
T IO S
−𝑏 −𝐷
The vertex ( , ) of the parabola is in the second quadrant. Therefore,
2𝑎 4𝑎
I
−𝑏
2𝑎 NO A D
< 0, 𝑏 < 0
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Therefore 𝑎 > 0, 𝑏 < 0 and 𝑐 > 0,

Hence, the correct choice is (b)
Page No 2.62:
Question 11: If the product of zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑎𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 +
11𝑥 − 6 is 4, then a =
3
(a)
2
3
(b) −
2
2
(c)
3
2
(d) −
3
ANSWER:
Since 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑎𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 +
11𝑥 − 6
T IO S
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
I
NO A D
CO N
So we have
A
−6
4 = −( )
PY
DO U A
𝑎
6
T
4=
ED PR
4𝑎 = 6
C
6
𝑎=
©
4
3×2
𝑎=
2×2
3
𝑎=
2
3
The value of a is
2
Hence, the correct alternative is (𝑎).
Page No 2.62:
Question 12: If zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 − 𝑟 are
in A.P., then
(a) 2𝑝3 = 𝑝𝑞 − 𝑟
(b) 2𝑝3 = 𝑝𝑞 + 𝑟
(c) 𝑝3 = 𝑝𝑞 − 𝑟
(d) None of these
ANSWER:
Let 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑 be the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑝𝑥 2 +
𝑞𝑥 − 𝑟 then
T IO S
I
Sum of zeros =
NO A D
CO N
−(−3𝑝)
A
(𝑎 − 𝑑) + 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑) =
1
PY
DO U A
𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 3𝑝
T
3𝑎 = 3𝑝
ED PR
3
𝑎= 𝑝
3
C
𝑎=𝑝
©
Since 𝑎 is a zero of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 )

Therefore,
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 0
𝑎3 − 3𝑝𝑎2 + 𝑞𝑎 − 𝑟 = 0
Substituting 𝑎 = 𝑝.we get
𝑝3 − 3𝑝(𝑝)2 + 𝑞 × 𝑝 − 𝑟 = 0
𝑝3 − 3𝑝3 + 𝑞𝑝 − 𝑟 = 0
−2𝑝 + 𝑞𝑝 − 𝑟 = 0
𝑞𝑝 − 𝑟 = 2𝑝3
Page No 2.63:
Question 13: If the product of two zeros of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 +
6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 9 is 3, then its third zero is
3
(a)
2
3
T IO S
(b) −
2
I
9
(c)
NO A D
CO N
2
A
9
(d) −
PY
2
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
Let 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 be the zeros of polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 9 such

that 𝛼𝛽 = 3
C
We have,
©
Constant term
𝛼𝛽𝛾 =
−9
=
2
−9
Putting 𝛼𝛽 = 3 in 𝛼𝛽𝛾 = , we get
2
−9
𝛼𝛽𝛾 =
2
−9
3𝛾 =
2
−9 1
𝛾= ×
2 3
−3
𝛾=
2
−3
Therefore, the value of third zero is .
2
Hence, the correct alternative is (𝑏).
Page No 2.63:
Question 14: If the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐 is divisible by the
polynomial g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, then 𝑎𝑏 =
T IO S
(a) 1
I
1
(b)
𝑐
NO A D
CO N
(c) −1
A
PY
1
(d) −
DO U A
𝑐
T
ED PR
ANSWER:
We have to find the value of 𝑎𝑏
C
Given 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐 is divisible by the polynomial g(𝑥 ) =

©
𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑏
2
𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐
+𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑐𝑥
− − −
−𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑐𝑥 − 𝑐
−𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐
+ + +
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑐𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐
We must have
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑐𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐, for all x
So put x = 0 in this equation
𝑥 (𝑏 − 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏 2 ) + 𝑐(𝑎𝑏 − 1) = 0
𝑐 (𝑎𝑏 − 1) = 0
Since 𝑐 ≠ 0, so
𝑎𝑏 − 1 = 0
⇒ 𝑎𝑏 = 1
Hence, the correct alternative is (𝑎).
T IO S I
Page No 2.63:
NO A D
CO N
Question 15: If Q. No. 14, c =
A
(a) b
PY
DO U A
(b) 2b
T
ED PR
(c) 2b2
(d) −2b
C
©
ANSWER:
We have to find the value of c
Given 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐 is divisible by the polynomial 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 +
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑏
2 3
𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐
+𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑐𝑥
− − −
2
−𝑎𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑐𝑥 − 𝑐
−𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐
+ + +
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑐𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐
We must have
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑐𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐 = 0 for all 𝑥
𝑥 (𝑏 − 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏 2 ) + 𝑐(𝑎𝑏 − 1) = 0 …… (1)
𝑐 (𝑎𝑏 − 1) = 0
Since 𝑐 ≠ 0, so
𝑎𝑏 − 1 = 0
T IO S
𝑎𝑏 = 1
I
Now in the equation (1) the condition is true for all x. So put x = 1 and
NO A D
also we have ab = 1
CO N
A
Therefore, we have
PY
DO U A
𝑏 − 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏 2 = 0
T
ED PR
𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐 = 0
𝑏(1 + 𝑎𝑏) − 𝑎𝑐 = 0
C
1
Substituting 𝑎 = and 𝑎𝑏 = 1 we get,
©
𝑏
1
𝑏(1 + 1) − × 𝑐 = 0
𝑏
1
2𝑏 − × 𝑐 = 0
𝑏
1
− × 𝑐 = −2𝑏
𝑏
1
− × 𝑐 = −2𝑏
𝑏
𝑏
𝑐 = 2𝑏 ×
1
𝑐 = 2𝑏 2
Hence, the correct alternative is (𝑐)
Page No 2.63:
Question 16: If one root of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 𝑘 is
reciprocal of the other, then the value of k is
(a) 0
(b) 5
1
(c)
T IO S
6
I
(d) 6
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
If one zero of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 𝑘 is reciprocal of the
PY
DO U A
1
other. So 𝛽 = ⇒ 𝛼𝛽 = 1
T 𝛼
ED PR
Now we have
Constant term
𝛼×𝛽 =
C
©
𝑘
=
5
Since 𝛼𝛽 = 1
Therefore, we have
𝑘
𝛼𝛽 =
5
𝑘
1=
5
⇒𝑘=5
Page No 2.63:
Question 17: If α, β, γ are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 +
1 1 1
𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, then + + =
𝛼 𝛽 𝛾
𝑏
(a) −
𝑑
𝑐
(b)
𝑑
𝑐
(c) −
𝑑
𝑐
T IO S
(d) −
𝑎
I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
We have to find the value of
A
Given 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 be the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
PY
DO U A
We know that
T
ED PR
C
𝑐
=
©
𝑎
Constant term
𝛼𝛽𝛾 =
−𝑑
=
𝑎
So
1 1 1 𝛽𝛾+𝛼𝛾+𝛼𝛽
+ + =
𝛼 𝛽 𝛾 𝛼𝛽𝛾
𝑐
1 1 1 𝑎
+ + = −𝑑
𝛼 𝛽 𝛾
𝑎
1 1 1 𝑐 𝑎
+ + = × (− )
𝛼 𝛽 𝛾 𝑎 𝑑
1 1 1 𝑐
+ + =−
𝛼 𝛽 𝛾 𝑎
Hence, the correct choice is (c)
Page No 2.63:
Question 18: If α, β, γ are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 +
𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, then α2 + β2 + γ2 =
T IO S
𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐
(a)
𝑎2
I
(b) NO A D
𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐
CO N
𝑎
A
𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐
PY
(c)
DO U A
𝑏2
𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐
T
(d)
ED PR
𝑎2
ANSWER:
C
We have to find the value of

©
Given 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 be the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑,

𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
−𝑏
=
𝑎
𝑐
=
𝑎
Now
𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 𝛾 2 = (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 )2 − 2(𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 )
−𝑏 2 𝑐
𝛼 2 + 𝛽2 + 𝛾 2 = ( ) − 2 ( )
𝑎 𝑎
𝑏2 2𝑐
𝛼 2 + 𝛽2 + 𝛾 2 = 2 −
𝑐 𝑎
𝑏2 2𝑐×𝑎
𝛼 2 + 𝛽2 + 𝛾 2 = −
𝑐2 𝑎×𝑎
𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐
𝛼 2 + 𝛽2 + 𝛾 2 =
𝑎2
2 2 2 𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐
The value of 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 =
T IO S
𝑎2
I
Hence, the correct choice is (𝑑)
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
Page No 2.63:
T
ED PR
Question 19: If α, β, γ are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 −

1 1 1
𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 − 𝑟, then + + =
C
𝛼𝛽 𝛽𝛾 𝛾𝛼
©
ANSWER
1 1 1
We have to find the value of + +
𝛼𝛽 𝛽𝛾 𝛾𝛼
Given α, β, γ be the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 − 𝑟

𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
−(𝑝)
=
1
=p
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
−(𝑟)
=
1
=𝑟
Now we calculate the expression
1 1 1 𝛾 𝛼 𝛽
+ + = + +
𝛼𝛽 𝛽𝛾 𝛾𝛼 𝛼𝛽𝛾 𝛼𝛽𝛾 𝛼𝛽𝛾
1 1 1 𝛼+𝛾+𝛽
+ + =
𝛼𝛽 𝛽𝛾 𝛾𝛼 𝛼𝛽𝛾
1 1 1 𝑝
+ + =
𝛼𝛽 𝛽𝛾 𝛾𝛼 𝑟
T IO S
I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T Page No 2.63:
ED PR
Question 20: If α, β are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 +

1 1
𝑐, then + =
C
𝛼2 𝛽2
©
𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐
(a)
𝑎2
𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐
(b)
𝑐2
𝑏2 +2𝑎𝑐
(c)
𝑎2
𝑏2 +2𝑎𝑐
(d)
𝑐2
ANSWER:
1 1
We have to find the value of +
𝛼2 𝛽2
Given 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 +

𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝛼+𝛽 =
−𝑏
=
𝑎
Constant term
𝛼𝛽 =
𝑐
=
𝑎
We have,
T IO S
1 1 1 1 2 2
2 + =( + ) −
I
𝛼 𝛽2 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
NO A D 2
CO N
1 1 𝛽 𝛼 2
+ =( + ) −
A
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼𝛽 𝛽𝛼 𝛼𝛽
PY
1 1 𝛼+𝛽 2 2
DO U A
+ =( ) −
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛼𝛽 𝛼𝛽
T
ED PR
−𝑏 2
1 1 𝑎 2
𝛼 2 + 𝛽2
=( 𝑐 ) − 𝑐
𝑎 𝑎
C
𝑎 2
©
1 1 −𝑏 2
𝛼 2 + 𝛽2
=(
𝑎
× ) −
𝑐
𝑐
𝑎
1 1 −𝑏 𝑎 2 2𝑎
+ =( × ) −
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝑎 𝑐 𝑐
1 1 −𝑏 2 2𝑎
+ =( ) −
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝑐 𝑐
1 1 𝑏2 2𝑎×𝑐
𝛼 2 + 𝛽2
= ( 2) −
𝑐 𝑐×𝑐
1 1 𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐
+ =( )
𝛼2 𝛽2 𝑐2

Page No 2.63:
Question 21: If two of the zeros of the cubic polynomial 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 +
𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 are each equal to zero, then the third zero is
𝑑
(a) −
𝑎
𝑐
(b)
𝑎
𝑏
(c) −
𝑎
T IO S
𝑏
(d)
I
𝑎
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
Let 𝛼 = 0, 𝛽 = 0 and 𝛾 be the zeros of the polynomial
PY
DO U A
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
T
ED PR
Therefore
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
C
©
𝑏
= −( )
𝑎
𝑏
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =−
𝑎
𝑏
0+0+𝛾 =−
𝑎
𝑏
𝛾=−
𝑎
𝑏
The value of 𝛾 = −
𝑎
Page No 2.63:
Question 22: If two zeros 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 5 are √5 and −√5, then its
third zero is
(a) 1
(b) −1
(c) 2
(d) −2
ANSWER:
T IO S
Let 𝛼 = √5 and 𝛽 = −√5 be the given zeros and be the third zero of
I
NO A D
𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 5 = 0 then
CO N
A
By using 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 =
PY
DO U A
+(+1)
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
T
1
ED PR
𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = −1
C
By substituting 𝛼 = √5 and 𝛽 = −√5 in 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = −1

©
√5 − √5 + 𝛾 = −1
𝛾 = −1
Page No 2.63:
Question 23: The product of the zeros of 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 is
(a) −4
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) −6
ANSWER:
Given 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 be the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6
Constant term −(−6)
Product of the zeros = 3 = =6
The value of Product of the zeros is 6.

T IO S I
CO N
Question 24: What should be added to the polynomial 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4, so
A
that 3 is the zero of the resulting polynomial?
PY
DO U A
(a) 1
T
ED PR
(b) 2
(c) 4
C
©
(d) 5
ANSWER:
If, 𝑥 = 𝛼 is a zero of a polynomial then 𝑥 − 𝛼 is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 )
Since 3 is the zero of the polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4,
Therefore 𝑥 − 3 is a factor of
Now, we divide 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 by we get
𝑥−2
2
𝑥 − 3 + 𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 4
+ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥
− +
−2𝑥 + 4
−2𝑥 + 6
+ −
−2
Therefore, we should add 2 to the given polynomial

Page No 2.64:
T IO S
Question 25: What should be subtracted to the polynomial x2 − 16x + 30,
I
so that 15 is the zero of the resulting polynomial?
NO A D
CO N
(a) 30
A
(b) 14
PY
DO U A
(c) 15
T
ED PR
(d) 16
ANSWER:
C
We know that, if , is zero of a polynomial then 𝑥 − 𝛼 is a factor

©
of 𝑓 (𝑥 )
Since 15 is zero of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 30, therefore (x −
15) is a factor of f (x)
Now, we divide 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 30 by (𝑥 − 15) we get
𝑥−1
2
𝑥 − 15 + 𝑥 − 16𝑥 + 30
+ 𝑥 2 − 15𝑥
− +
−1𝑥 + 30
+1𝑥 + 15
− −
15
Thus we should subtract the remainder 15 from, 𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 30
Hence, the correct choice is(𝑐).
Page No 2.64:
Question 26: A quadratic polynomial, the sum of whose zeroes is 0 and
one zero is 3, is
(a) 𝑥 2 − 9
T IO S
(b) 𝑥 2 + 9
I
NO A D
(c) 𝑥 2 + 3
CO N
A
(d) 𝑥 2 − 3
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
Since 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of the quadratic polynomials such that
0= 𝛼+𝛽
C
If one of zero is 3 then

©
𝛼+𝛽 =0
3+𝛽 =0
𝛽 =0−3
𝛽 = −3
Substituting 𝛽 = −3 in 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 0 we get
𝛼−3=0
𝛼=3
Let S and P denote the sum and product of the zeros of the polynomial
respectively then
𝑆=𝛼+𝛽
𝑆=0
𝑃 = 𝛼𝛽
𝑃 = 3 × −3
𝑃 = −9
Hence, the required polynomials are
= (𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑃)
T IO S I
= (𝑥 2 − 0𝑥 − 9)
NO A D
CO N
= 𝑥2 − 9
A
PY
DO U A
Page No 2.64:
T
ED PR
Question 27: If two zeroes of the polynomial x3 + x2 − 9x − 9 are 3 and

−3, then its third zero is
C
(a) −1
©
(b) 1
(c) −9
(d) 9
ANSWER:
Let 𝛼 = 3 and 𝛽 = −3 be the given zeros and 𝛾 be the third zero of the
polynomial 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 9 then
−1
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
1
𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = −1
Substituting 𝛼 = 3 and 𝛽 = −3 in, 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = −1 we get
3 − 3 + 𝛾 = −1
𝛾 = −1
Hence, the correct choice is.
Page No 2.64:
Question 28: If √5 and −√5 are two zeroes of the polynomial 𝑥 3 +
T IO S
3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 15, then its third zero is
I
NO A D
CO N
(a) 3
A
(b) −3
PY
DO U A
(c) 5
T
ED PR
(d) −5
ANSWER:
C
Let 𝛼 = √5 and 𝛽 = −√5 be the given zeros and 𝛾 be the third zero of
©
the polynomial 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 15. Then,

−3
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =
1
𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = −3
Substituting 𝛼 = √5 and 𝛽 = −√5 in 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = −3
We get
√5 − √5 + 𝛾 = −3
√5 − √5 + 𝛾 = −3
𝛾 = −3
Page No 2.64:
Question 29: If x + 2 is a factor of x2 + ax + 2b and a + b = 4, then
(a) a = 1, b = 3
T IO S
(b) a = 3, b = 1
I
(c) a = −1, b = 5
NO A D
CO N
(d) a = 5, b = −1
A
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
Given that 𝑥 + 2 is a factor of 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏 and a + b = 4

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏
C
𝑓(−2) = (−2)2 + 𝑎(−2) + 2𝑏

©
0 = 4 − 2𝑎 + 2𝑏
−4 = −2𝑎 + 2𝑏
By solving −4 = −2𝑎 + 2𝑏 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4 by elimination method we
get
Multiply 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 4 by 2 we get,
2𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 8. So
−4 = −2𝑎 + 2𝑏
+8 = +2𝑎 + 2𝑏
4 = 4𝑏
4
=𝑏
4
1=𝑏
By substituting b = 1 in a + b = 4 we get
𝑎+1=4
𝑎 =4−1
𝑎=3
Then 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 1
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
Page No 2.64:
T
ED PR
Question 30: The polynomial which when divided by −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 gives

a quotient 𝑥 − 2 and remainder 3, is
C
(a) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5
©
(b) −𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 5
(c) −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5
(d) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5
ANSWER:
We know that
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑞 (𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥 )
= (−𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) + 3
= −𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 + 3
= −𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 + 3
= −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5
Therefore,
The polynomial which when divided by −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 gives a quotient
𝑥 − 2 and remainder 3, is −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5
Hence, the correct choice is (𝑐).
Page No 2.64:
T IO S
Question 31: The number of polynomials having zeroes −2 and 5 is
I
(a) 1 NO A D (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) more than 3
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
Polynomials having zeros −2 and 5 will be of the form
ED PR
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 2)𝑛 (𝑥 − 5)𝑚

C
Here, n and m can take any value from 1, 2, 3, ...

©
Thus, the number of polynomials will be more than 3.

Hence, the correct answer is option D.
Page No 2.64:
Question 32: If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
(𝑘 − 1)𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 1 is −3, then the value of k is
4 4 2 2
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
3 3 3 3
ANSWER:
The given polynomial is 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑘 − 1)𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 1.
Since −3 is one of the zeroes of the given polynomial, so 𝑓 (−3) = 0.
(𝑘 − 1)(−3)2 + 𝑘(−3) + 1 = 0
⇒ 9(𝑘 − 1) − 3𝑘 + 1 = 0
⇒ 9𝑘 − 9 − 3𝑘 + 1 = 0
⇒ 6𝑘 − 8 = 0
4
⇒𝑘=
3
T IO S
Hence, the correct answer is option A.
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 2.64:
PY
Question 33: The zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥 2 + 99𝑥 + 127
DO U A
are
T
ED PR
(a) both positive (b) both negative

(c) both equal (d) one positive and one negative
C
©
ANSWER:
Let 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 99𝑥 + 127.
Product of the zeroes of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 127 × 1 = 127
𝑐
[Product of zeroes = when 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐]
𝑎
Since the product of zeroes is positive, we can say that it is only possible
when both zeroes are positive or both zeroes are negative.
Also, sum of the zeroes = –99
𝑏
[Sum of zeroes = − when 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐]
𝑎
The sum being negative implies that both zeroes are positive is not correct.
So, we conclude that both zeroes are negative.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.
Page No 2.64:
Question 34: If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 1)𝑥 +
𝑏. are 2 and −3, then
(a) 𝑎 = −7, 𝑏 = −1 (b) 𝑎 = 5 , 𝑏 = −1
(c) 𝑎 = 2 , 𝑏 = −6 (d) 𝑎 = 0 , 𝑏 = −6
T IO S
ANSWER:
I
NO A D
The given quadratic equation is 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 1)𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0.
CO N
A
Since the zeroes of the given equation are 2 and –3.
PY
DO U A
So,
T
ED PR
𝛼 = 2 and 𝛽 = −3
Now,
C
Coefficient of 𝑥
Sum of zeroes = −
©
(𝑎+1)
⇒ 2 + (−3) = −
1
⇒ −1 = −𝑎 − 1
⇒𝑎=0
Constant term
Product of zeroes =
𝑏
⇒ 2 × (−3) =
1
⇒ 𝑏 = −6
So, a = 0 and b = −6
Page No 2.64:
Question 35: Given that one of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial 𝑎𝑥 3 +
𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 is zero , the product of the other two zeroes is
−𝑐 𝑐 −𝑏
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d)
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
ANSWER:
Let 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑.
T IO S I
Now 0 is the zero of the polynomial.
NO A D
CO N
So, 𝑝(0) = 0.
A
⇒𝑎(0)3 + 𝑏(0)2 + 𝑐 (0) + 𝑑 = 0
PY
DO U A
⇒𝑑=0
T
ED PR
So,
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 = 𝑥 (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
C
©
Putting 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 0, we get

x = 0 or 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 .....(1)
Let α, β be the other zeroes of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.
𝑐
So, 𝛼𝛽 =
𝑎
Page No 2.64:
Question 36: The zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎, 𝑎 ≠
0,
(a) cannot be both positive (b) cannot both be negative
(c) are always unequal (d) are always equal
ANSWER:
Let 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎.
Product of the zeroes of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎
𝑐
[Product of zeroes = when 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐]
𝑎
Since the product of zeroes is positive, so the zeroes must be either both
T IO S
positive or both negative.
I
Also, sum of the zeroes = –a
NO A D
CO N
𝑏
[Sum of zeroes = − when 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐]
A
𝑎
PY
So, the sum of the zeroes is negative, so the zeroes cannot be both positive.
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 2.64:
Question 37: If one of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 +
C
©
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is −1, then the product of other two zeroes is

(a) 𝑏 − 𝑎 + 1 (b) 𝑏 − 𝑎 − 1 (c) 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 1 (d) 𝑎 − 𝑏 − 1
ANSWER:
Let 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.
Now, −1 is a zero of the polynomial.
So, 𝑝(−1) = 0.
⇒ (−1)3 + 𝑎(−1)2 + 𝑏(−1) + 𝑐 = 0
⇒ −1 + 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0
⇒𝑎−𝑏+𝑐 =1
⇒𝑐 =1−𝑎+𝑏
Now, if 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 are the zeroes of the cubic polynomial 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 +
𝑑, then product of zeroes is given by
𝑑
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = −
𝑎
So, for the given polynomial, 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

−𝑐 −(1−𝑎+𝑏)
𝛼𝛽 (−1) = =
1 1
⇒ 𝛼𝛽 = 1 − 𝑎 + 𝑏
T IO S
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 2.65:
PY
Question 38: Given that two of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial 𝑎𝑥 3 +
DO U A
𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 are 0 , the third zero is

T
ED PR
𝑏 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑
(a) − (b) (c) (d) −
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
C
ANSWER:
©
Let the polynomial be 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑.

Suppose the two zeroes of 𝑓(𝑥) are 𝛼 = 0 and 𝛽 = 0.
We know that,
Sum of the zeros,
𝑏
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =−
𝑎
𝑏
⇒0+0+𝛾 =−
𝑎
𝑏
⇒𝛾=−
𝑎

Page No 2.65:
Question 39: If one zero of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑘 is 2 ,
then the value of k is
(a) 10 (b)−10 (c) 5 (d)−5
ANSWER:
Let the given polynomial be 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑘.
Since 2 is one of the zero of the given polynomial, so (𝑥 − 2) will be a
T IO S
factor of the given polynomial.
I
NO A D
Now, 𝑓(2) = 0
CO N
A
⇒ 22 + 3 × 2 + 𝑘 = 0
PY
⇒4+6+𝑘 =0
DO U A
T
⇒ 𝑘 = −10
ED PR

C
©
Page No 2.65:
Question 40: If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 +
𝑐, 𝑐 ≠ 0 are equal, then
(a) c and a have opposite signs (b) c and b have opposite signs
(c) c and a have the same sign (d) c and b have the same sign
ANSWER:
Let the given quadratic polynomial be 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.
Suppose α and β be the zeroes of the given polynomial.
Since α and β are equal so they will have the same sign i.e. either both are
positive or both are negative.
So, 𝛼𝛽 > 0
𝑐
But, 𝛼𝛽 =
𝑎
𝑐
∴ > 0, which is possible only when both have same sign
𝑎
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Page No 2.65:
T IO S
Question 41:
I
NO A D
If one of the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial of the form 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 is
CO N
the negative of the other , then it
A
PY
(a) has no linear term and constant term is negative.
DO U A
(b) has no linear term and the constant term is positive.

T
ED PR
(c) can have a linear term but the constant term is negative.
(d) can have a linear term but the constant term is positive.
C
©
ANSWER:
Let the quadratic polynomial be 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏.
Now, the zeroes are α and −α.
So, the sum of the zeroes is zero.
−𝑎
∴𝛼 + (−𝛼 ) = = −𝑎
1
⇒𝑎=0
So, the polynomial becomes 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑏, which is not linear
Also, the product of the zeros,
𝑏
𝛼𝛽 = =𝑏
1
⇒ 𝛼 (−𝛼 ) = 𝑏
⇒ −𝛼 2 = 𝑏
Thus, the constant term is negative.
Page No 2.65:
T IO S
Question 42: Which of the following is not the graph of a quadratic
polynomial?
I
NO A D
ANSWER:
CO N
A
For a quadratic polynomial, 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, the zeros are precisely the x-
PY
coordinates of the points where the graph representing 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
DO U A
intersects the x-axis.

T
ED PR
The graph has one of the two shapes either open upwards like ∪
(parabolic shape) or open downwards like ∩ (parabolic shape) depending
C
on whether a > 0 or a < 0.

©
Three cases are thus possible:

a) graph cuts x-axis at two distinct points (two zeroes)
b) graph cuts the x-axis at exactly one point (one zero)
c) the graph is either completely above the x-axis or completely below the
x-axis (no zeroes)
In option (d), the graph is cutting the x-axis at three distinct points and it
is not a parabola opening either upwards or downwards.
So, option (d) does not represent the graph of a quadratic polynomial.

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CHAPTER – 2

(v) 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6

(vi) 𝑞(𝑥) = √3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 7√3

Thus, the zeros of f(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8 are α = −2 and β = 4

Product of the zeros = 𝛼𝛽

(ii) Given g(𝑠) = 4𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 1

Now, sum of the zeros = α + β

Product of the zeros = 𝛼𝛽

(iii) Given ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 15

ℎ(𝑡) = (𝑡 + √15) (𝑡 − √15)

(iv) Given 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 2 − 3 − 7𝑥

Product of the zeros = 𝛼𝛽

(v) Given 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6

Product of the zeros = 𝛼 × 𝛽

Therefore, sum of the zeros =

Product of the zeros = 𝛼 × 𝛽

f(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − √3)

Product of the zeros = 𝛼𝛽

(viii) Given g(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 1) − 𝑥 (𝑎2 + 1)

Product of the zeros = 𝛼 × 𝛽

ℎ(𝑠) = (2𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − √2)

The zeros of h(s) are given by

Product of the zeros = 𝛼𝛽

(x) 𝑓(𝑣) = 𝑣 2 + 4√3𝑣 − 15

Product of the zeros = 𝛼𝛽

Sum of the zeros = 𝛼 + 𝛽

Product of the zeros = 𝛼𝛽

= [(7𝑦 + 1)(3𝑦 − 2)]

The zeros are given by 𝑞(𝑦) = 0.

Product of the zeros = 𝛼𝛽

Now, the zeroes are given by f(x) = 0.

Now, the zeroes are given by f(x) = 0.

(iii) We have, sum of zeroes = −2√3 and product of zeroes = −9.

Thus, 𝑥 = −3√3 and 𝑥 = √3.

(iv) We have, sum of zeroes = and product of zeroes =

Now, the zeroes are given by f(x) = 0.

By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 5 and 𝛼𝛽 = 4 we get ,

Taking least common factor we get,

Question 6: If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) =

Taking square root on both sides we get

8𝑘𝑥 − 9 is negative of the other, find the value of k.

𝛼+𝛽 (𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽

(𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽 𝛼+𝛽

𝛼 𝛽 1 1 1×12 12×3 12×4

𝛼2 𝛽2 [𝑝2 ×𝑝2 −2×𝑝2 ×2𝑞+2𝑞×2𝑞]−2𝑞2

𝛼2 𝛽2 [𝑝4 −4𝑝2 𝑞+4𝑞2 ]−2𝑞2

𝛼2 𝛽2 𝑝4 −4𝑝2 𝑞+4𝑞2 −2𝑞2

Hence, it is proved that

Substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝑝 and 𝛼𝛽 = −𝑝 − 𝑐 we get,

required polynomial. then,

Taking least common factor we get,

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑥 2 − (−4)𝑥 + 4)

Taking least common factor then we have,

By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 3 and 𝛼𝛽 = −2 we get ,

By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 3 and 𝛼𝛽 = −2 we get ,

Hence, the required polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) is given by

Question 20: If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial

Therefore, the required polynomial f (x) is given by

(ii) Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 −

By substituting 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 2 and 𝛼𝛽 = 3 we get ,

The required polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) is given by,

By taking least common factor we get,

By cross multiplication we get,