Name : Ricafranca, Earl Gerald L.

Date : 11/8/2021
Course/Year/Sec: BNS/1st/YA-14 Teacher: Mrs. Albines

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (Heart and Blood Vessels)

EXERCISE NO. 9
HEART

GIO: to learn and understand the structures and functions of the heart SIO:

1. Discuss the heart as to its:

a. location

Your heart is about the size of your clenched fist. It lies in the front and middle of your chest, behind and
slightly to the left of your breastbone. It is a muscle that pumps blood to all parts of your body to
provide it with the oxygen and nutrients in needs to function.

b. walls of the heart

The heart wall is made of 3 layers: epicardium, myocardium and endocardium.The myocardium is the
muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the cardiac muscle tissue. Myocardium makes up
the majority of the thickness and mass of the heart wall and is the part of the heart responsible for
pumping blood.

c. different chambers – mention the features found

 The right atrium receives and holds deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava, inferior
vena cava, anterior cardiac veins, smallest cardiac veins and the coronary sinus, which it then
sends down to the right ventricle (through the tricuspid valve), which in turn sends it to the
pulmonary artery for pulmonary
 The left atrium has a distinctive appendage that is a finger-like pouch extending from the main
body of the atrium. The main body then comprises of the pulmonary venous portion, the septal
portion, and the vestibule, which is the outlet part of the atrial chamber surrounding the mitral
orifice.
 The left ventricle has many unique features including walls that are thicker than those of the
right ventricle, an overlap of its inlet and outlet portions, and the hinge of the leaflets of the
mitral valve that are oriented cranially relative to those of the tricuspid valve.
 The right ventricle is the most anterior of the four heart chambers. It receives deoxygenated
blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary circulation. During diastole, blood
enters the right ventricle through the atrioventricular orifice through an open tricuspid valve.

2. Describe how the heart beats on its own.

  A heartbeat is a two-part pumping action that takes about a second. As blood collects in the
upper chambers, the heart's natural pacemaker (the SA node) sends out an electrical signal that
causes the atria to contract.

3. Draw a coronal section of the heart showing the different structures of the chambers.
E. Trace the flow of blood from the SVC & IVC up to the arch of aorta.

- use colored pencil to represent deoxygenated & un oxygenated blood

F. Draw a normal ECG tracing & Label.