Binomtal. Theorem INVESTIGATION A Expand, the following: (a+b)> = (a+b)(a+b)= 04 2ab+bt (a+b)*= (a+b)(ats Zab+b)= 024 3atb+Sabts b? SITUATION /P In Unis section, we will be dealing witl ony kind of expansion in the form: (a+b)”, such as (2x43)? or (23~ ay. As you can see above , we will have specific coefficients that multiply each, shown in orange. Ik will depend on the power (n), and hich powers of a & b upu are considering COEFFICIENTS 4 Lets consider how we found the ‘Sab™. This was all the different waup of choosing b20 b's from Hae Uaree brackets: (dbjlardj(a+d) a For any situation, if we call the power of b,'r’ — then this coefficient will be equal 40 the no. of ways to choose ¢ objects from n total objects, ‘n CHOOSE 6” This is a well-established branch of maths, and we have a few toays of colculating Uaese coefficients, The notation is (P) a ne, © PASCAL'S TRIANGLE In this seemingly unrelated a pattern, vshere every number is found by adding bey ex. =4C3 the bo numbers above, each set of values for now te OO N is represented by each row. Then, the Lefemest Sees es p= value is for r=0, and as you move Fight, r increases. = 63" @> Formuta ACr can simply be calculated using the formula: -G.1 |b Calculate (2). Usi a E.G.1)h @) Using meet a4 a (Qo 905 2 ath = REM = 2b Usually be helpful. SED! 7 Aa = juhere l= ix2x3x...x @> GDC The ‘nCr* function can be done on your GDC, which is helpful if the numbers start getting quite big Ti-nspire / (END) —> GEPROB) —, GICOME] — Tee: aCe (0,7) > ESTED,Ih Now that we know how to calculate the nCr coefficients, we can puk together the whole expansion, with descending powers of a k ascending powers of b : (a+b) 4 (jJa"b+ ih The common questions ask you to Find one. specific term ouk of the pte FB expansion, such as the ‘x? term’ or the ‘constant term’. The final coefficient will also include porsers of constants included in ‘a’ or “e! £.6.4 JH Fully expand (2x+3)": Using tre formula, we geb: (2x}*+(t)(axh()+ (3) xt als (s)aatsys (3 = Aba 4 bx 81743 + Galen 44 GxDe» 27 + Bl = 16x"+ Uox?+ 216 x"+ 2162+ BL €.6.2 by Find the x? term in Une expansion of (2x*- 42): You could try to observe tne pattern of the exponents, which would be x* x4, x8... which would mean we should find the fourth bem, Or, using algetra, the general tem i (S)a™b, so (E)axrh ual. tgnoring the coefficients for a second, we have (xt) (eax S ac is we need. the x? term, we set 12-3r=3 — r=3. Then we evaluate the term: 9 (S)@eP(4HEef = 20x27 Cus 23 = =40240x3 €.6.3 /i6 20m f> The expansion of (+2) has constant term: 5403. Find possible values of ps Even though this one is reversed, we will still start by Finding which term has tre correct power of x —» oc° Using Ure algebraic method , ignoring ceefficients, we see thot the general term has the form petite ger meaning we solve Mur so r=6. We then plug tak, along with a8, 0-27 b=Pe into toe fomula, and set ik equal fp 5103 (EG) GY =s103 — 28+ « pee =5103 — Fp=5103 p= 724 — p= J¥24 — p=t3Combinatorics PERMUTATIONSH+ This refers , in simple terms, to Ure number Of ways to arrange a certain number of objects (n), into a certain number of positions (7). NOTATION nPr — (n objects into r positions) Lice "RB ce af ce Playr) CALCULATION Using GDC (see £7 for bultons, but press nPr) Loe Formula : [ner = _als] for] ne (A=r)! era 5 books inte 5 spaces. How many ways to do tis ? 51 LsPs = 8h Barf! = s20 €.G.2F+ $5 cars are ina mace. How Many Ways Can top 6 positions be Filled 2 | 156 = zis = s.con,ece COMBINATIONSI+ This has come up in binomial expansion already, but here we will see questions thak involve calculating cowbinabions by themselves —» Choosing r objects out of a total of 1 objects, with ne onder not being an issue. Fe. notations nCr oe (*) — carcunaTionfs GDC (see 7), or fai | E.G. 3 A lottery invelwes choosing 6 numbers from 1 to 45, How many possibilities are tere to choose from 7 L usCe =(%) = 8,145,060 E.G. Compuke the probability of randomly drawing five cards from a deck ond getting exactly one King : Note: we need to know some concepts So, the main concept i thal we need to do -M of wais selina tis Wwe need to choose 1 out of the l kings , tron choose any group of L-cards out of the remaining 4S cards + . ‘ 4) . PCL king) = ee NON 18320. = 0.209