Solutions to Handout 4: Advance Statistics

1. Solution:

Traditional Method

Step 1:
H 0 : μ1=μ2 or H 0 : μ1−μ2=0
H 1 : μ 1> μ 2 or H 0 : μ1−μ1 >0 (Claim)

Step 2:
α =0.01 , right-tailed test
CV =+2.33

+2.33
Step 3:

Males Females
  X 1 =8.6   X 2 =7.9
σ 1=3.3 σ 2=3.3
n1 =50 n2 =50

( X 1 −X 2 )−(μ1−μ2 )
z=

√ σ 21 σ 22
+
n1 n2
( 8.6−7.9 ) −0
z=

√
2 2
( 3.3 ) ( 3.3 )
+
50 50
z=1.06

Step 4:
If z >+2.33, reject H 0.
Since z (1.06 )< 2.33, do not reject H 0.

Step 5:
There is not evidence to support the claim that colleges offer more sports for male than
they do for females.

p−¿value Method

Step 2:
z=1.06

Step 3:

z=1.06 at α =0.01 , the area is 0.8554. Since it is a right-tailed test, then

p=1.0000−0.8554=0.1446 .

Step 4:
If p<α , reject H 0.
 Since p ( 0.1446 ) >0.01 , then do not reject H 0.
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2. Solution:

Traditional Method

Step 1:
H 0 : μ1=μ 2 or H 0 : μ1−μ2=0
H 1 : μ 1 ≠ μ2 or H 1 : μ 1−μ2 ≠ 0 (Claim)

Step 2:
α =0.05 , two-tailed test
CV =± 1.96

Step 3:

Manila Baguio
  X 1 =88.42   X 2 =80.61
σ 1=5.62 σ 2=4.83
n1 =50 n2 =50

( 88.42−80.61 ) −0
z=

√
2 2
( 5.62 ) ( 4.82 )
+
50 50
z=7.45
Step 4:
If −1.96> z >+1.96 , reject H 0.
Since z >+1.96, then reject H 0.

Step 5:
There is enough evidence to support the claim that the means are not equal. Hence, there is
a difference in the hotel rates in Manila and Baguio.

p−¿ value Method

Step 2:
z=7.45

Step 3:
z=7.45 at α =0.05 , for a two-tailed test p=2× 0.0001=0.0002.

Step 4:
If p<α , reject H 0.
Since p ( 0.0002 )< 0.05, then reject H 0.
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3. Solution

Traditional Method

Step 1:
H 0 : μ1=μ2 or H 0 : μ1−μ2=0
H 1 : μ 1< μ 2 or H 1 : μ 1−μ2 <0 (Claim)

Step 2:
α =0.05 , left-tailed test
CV =−1.65
 Step 3:

Mathematics Major Computer Science Major

X 1 =83.6   X 2 =79.2
σ 1=4.3 σ 2=3.8
n1 =36 n2 =36

( 83.6−79.2 )−0
z=

√
2 2
( 4.3 ) ( 3.8 )
+
36 36
z=4.60

Step 4:
If z ←1.65, reject H 0.
Since z ( 4.60 ) >−1.65, do not reject H 0.

Step 5:

There is not enough evidence to support the claim that the mean scores in the problem
solving test of the computer science major differ from that of the mathematics major.

p-value Method

Step 2:

z=4.60

Step 3:

z=4.60 at α=0.05 for a left-tailed test p=0.9999

Step 4:

If p<α , reject H 0.
Since p(0.9999)>0.05, then do not reject H 0 .

Critical Value of the F -Test

1. α =0.05 , right-tailed test

d . f . N .=16−1=15
d . f . D.=22−1=21
CV = 2.18

2. α =0.05 , two-tailed test

α 0.05
= =0.025
2 2
d . f . N .=22−1=21
d . f . D.=13−1=12
CV = 3.07

3. α =0.01 , two-tailed test

α 0.01
= =0.005
2 2
 d . f . N .=16−1=15
d . f . D.=23−1=22
CV = 3.36

4. α =0.01 , right-tailed test

d . f . N .=25−1=24
d . f . D.=14−1=13
CV = 3.59

5. α =0.10 , two-tailed test

α 0.10
= =0.05
2 2
d . f . N .=21−1=20
d . f . D.=17−1=16
CV = 2.28
p-value of the F -Test

1. d . f . N .=9, d . f . D.=14

α 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.10

F 4.72 4.03 3.21 2.65 2.12

F=2.97

The test value 2.97 falls between 3.21 (α =0.025 ) and 2.65 (α =0.05 ), hence:

0.025< p< 0.05

2. d . f . N .=6 , d . f . D .=12

α 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.10

F 5.76 4.82 3.73 3.00 2.33

F=3.32

The test value 3.32 falls between 3.73 (α =0.025 ) and 3.00 (α =0.05 ) and since the test two-tailed,
then:

(0.025 ×2)< p<( 0.05× 2)

0.05< p< 0.10

3. d . f . N .=12, d . f . D.=20

α 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.10

F 3.68 3.23 2.68 2.28 1.89

F=2.28

The test value 2.28 is exactly at α =0.05 , hence p=0.05.

4. d . f . N .=12 ,d . f . D.=21

α 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.10

F 3.60 3.17 2.64 2.25 1.87
 F=3.51
The test value 3.51 falls between 3.60 (α =0.005 ) and 3.17 (α =0.01 ), hence:

0.005< p< 0.01

5. d . f . N .=6 , d . f . D .=10

α 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.10

F 6.54 5.39 4.07 3.22 2.46

F=4.07

The test value 4.07 is exactly at α =0.025 . Since the test is two-tailed then p=0.025× 2=0.05 .

6. d . f . N .=19 , d . f . D .=28

α 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.10

F 2.92 2.63 2.25 1.97 1.69

F=1.65

The test value 1.65 falls between 1.97 (α =0.05 ) and 1.69 (α =0.10 ), then

0.05< p< 0.10.

7. d . f . N .=28 , d . f . D .=28

α 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.10

F 2.72 2.46 2.13 1.88 1.63

F=1.77

The test value 1.77 falls between 2.13 (α =0.025 ) and 1.88 (α =0.05 ), then:

0.025< p< 0.05

8. d . f . N .=5, d . f . D.=8

α 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.10

F 8.30 6.63 4.82 3.69 2.73

F=7.29

The test value 7.29 falls between 8.30 (α =0.005 ) and 6.63 (α =0.01 ), then:

( 0.005 ×2 ) < p<(0.01× 2)

0.01< p<0.02

Hypothesis Testing (Difference between two variances)

1. Solution

Traditional Method

Step 1:
2 2
H 0 :σ 1=σ 2
2 2
H 1 : σ 1 ≠ σ 2 (Claim)

Step 2:
α =0.05 , two-tailed test
a /2=0.05/2=0.025
 d . f . N .=26−1=25
d . f . D.=18−1=17

CV =2.56

Step 3:

2
s1
F= 2
s2
36
F=
10
F=3.6
Step 4:
If F> 2.56, reject H 0.
Since F ( 3.6 )>2.56 , reject H 0.

Step 5:
There is enough evidence to support the claim that the variance of the heart rates of the
smokers and nonsmokers is different.

p-value Method

Step 2:

F=3.6

Step 3:

d . f . N .=25, d . f . D.=17

α 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005

F 1.84 2.23 2.56 3.08 3.51

The test value 3.6 is greater than 3.51 (α =0.005). Hence, the p-value is less than
0.005 ×2=0.01 .

Step 4:
If p>0. 01, reject H 0 .
Since p ( 0.5 ) >0. 01, reject H 0 .
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2. Solution

Traditional Method

Step 1:
2 2
H 0 :σ 1=σ 2
H 1 : σ 21 >σ 22 (claim)

Step 2:
α =0.01 , right-tailed test
d . f . N .=16−1=15
d . f . D.=18−1=17
CV =3.31

Step 3:
2
σ1
F= 2
σ2
 2
32
F= 2
28
F=1.31

Step 4:
If F> 3.31, reject H 0.
Since F ¿ 1.31) < 3.31, do not reject H 0 .

Step 5:

There is not enough evidence to support the claim that the standard deviation of the
waiting times of the first hospital is greater than the standard deviation of the waiting times of the
second hospital.

p-value Method

Step 2:

F=1.31

Step 3:
d . f . N .=16−1=15, d . f . D.=18−1=17

α 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005

F 1.91 2.31 2.72 3.31 3.79

The test value 1.31 less than 1.91 ¿), then the p-value is greater than 0.10.

Step 4:

If p>0.10 , reject H 0 .
Since p ( 0.01 ) <0.10, do not reject H 0 .
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3. Solution

Traditional Method

Step 1:
H 0 :σ 21=σ 22
2 2
H 1 : σ 1 >σ 2 (Claim)

Step 2:
α =0.10 , right-tailed
d . f . N .=6−1=5
d . f . D.=4−1=3
CV = 5.31

Step 3:

American airports Foreign airports

X X −X ( X −X ) 2
X X −X ( X −X )2
36.8 −20.25 421.07 60.7 12.4 153.76
72.4 14.98 224.40 42.7 −5.6 31.36
60.5 3.08 9.49 51.2 2.9 8.41
73.5 16.08 258.57 38.6 −9.7 94.09
61.2 3.78 14.29 X 2 =48. 3
40.1 −17.32 299.98 2
Σ ( X− X ) =287.62
 X 1 =57.42 2 287.62
s2= =95.87
2
Σ ( X− X ) =1227.8 3
2 1227.8
s1= =245.56
5
245.56
F= =2.56
95.87

Step 4:
If F> 5.31, reject H 0 .

Since F ( 2.56 )<5.31 , do not reject H 0.

Step 5:
There is not enough evidence to support the claim that the variance in the number of
passengers for American airports is greater than the variance in the number of passengers
for foreign airports.

p-value Method

Step 2:

F=2.56

Step 3:

d . f . N .=6−1=5, d . f . D.=4−1=3

α 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005

F 5.31 9.01 14.88 28.24 45.39

The test value 2.56 is less than5.31 (α =0.10 ) then the p-value is greater than 0.10.

Step 4:

If p>0.10 , reject H 0.
Since p ( 0.10 )=0.10 , do not reject H 0.
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