Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Guía Práctica - Lengua Extranjera Inglés
Guía Práctica - Lengua Extranjera Inglés
Tipos de textos:
Uno de los materiales de texto de clasificación más comúnmente utilizados se basa en el
propósito y significado del texto. En esta clasificación, hay tres categorías principales:
● Textos expositivos
● Textos narrativos, y
● Textos argumentativos.
En la categoría expositiva, los textos no ficticios tienen un papel específico para informar o
enseñar a los lectores. Pueden venir en varios formatos, dependiendo del área de uso:
Un texto narrativo entretiene, instruye o informa a los lectores contando una historia.
Los textos narrativos tratan sobre el mundo imaginario o real y pueden ser ficticios (cuentos
de hadas, novelas, ciencia ficción, historias de terror o aventuras, fábulas, mitos, leyendas, etc.)
y no ficticios (artículos, informes de periódicos, escritos históricos).
El objetivo de los textos argumentativos es cambiar las creencias de los lectores. A menudo
contienen cualidades o características negativas de algo/alguien, o intentan persuadir a sus
lectores de que un objeto, producto o idea es de alguna manera mejor que otros.
Debe tenerse en cuenta que pocos textos son puramente de un tipo: los textos expositivos o
argumentativos pueden contener elementos narrativos o evaluativos.
Exercise 1:
Ejemplo:
Dear Mary,
I’m very happy to hear from you, I’ve been having a great time here at my aunt’s house
but I still miss the city. Hope you and the kids are doing great.
Love,
Beth
Respuesta:
● Tipo de Texto: Expositorio
● Justificación: Tiene saludo contenido y despedida y presenta información de
manera informal.
Washington D.C. – President Joe Biden has announced a sweeping new plan to combat
climate change. The plan includes a range of measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas
emissions and transitioning the United States to a clean energy economy.
The plan, which was unveiled at a press conference on Tuesday, includes a goal of net-zero
greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. To achieve this, the administration plans to invest in
renewable energy, electric vehicles, and green infrastructure. The plan also includes measures
to promote energy efficiency and reduce methane emissions from oil and gas operations.
● Tipo de texto:
● Justificación:
The results of the review suggest that exercise is associated with improved mental health
outcomes, particularly in the areas of depression and anxiety. The studies included in the
review varied in terms of study design, population, and type of exercise, but overall, the
evidence supports the idea that exercise can be an effective tool for improving mental health.
● Tipo de texto:
● Justificación:
The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full summer day; the
flowers were blooming profusely and the grass was richly green. The people of the village
began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o'clock; in
some towns, there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on
June 26th, but in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole
lottery took less than two hours, so it could begin at ten o'clock in the morning and still be
through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.
The children assembled first, of course. School was recently over for the summer, and the
feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while
before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher,
of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the
other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and
Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix—the villagers pronounced this name "Dellacroy"—eventually
made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the
other boys.
The women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They
greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands.
● Tipo de texto:
● Justificación:
Exercise 2:
Lee cuidadosamente el siguiente párrafo:
Cats are known for their distinct and often quirky habits. They are creatures of habit and can
become very attached to certain routines. For example, many cats have a specific spot in the
house where they like to nap or a particular toy that they enjoy playing with. Additionally, cats are
meticulous groomers, spending hours each day cleaning themselves. This not only helps them to
stay clean but also helps to regulate their body temperature. While some people may view cats as
lazy animals, they are actually quite active and enjoy playtime. Cats love to chase toys, climb on
furniture, and even explore the outdoors. Furthermore, cats are social creatures and enjoy
spending time with their owners. They often seek out attention and affection and can form strong
bonds with their human companions. Overall, cats have unique habits that make them fascinating
and lovable pets.
Afijos:
Los sufijos y prefijos son dos tipos de afijos, que son morfemas (unidades significativas del
lenguaje) que se pueden agregar al comienzo (prefijo) o al final (sufijo) de una palabra raíz para
crear una nueva palabra con un significado diferente.
Los prefijos son morfemas que se agregan al comienzo de una palabra raíz para modificar su
significado. Por ejemplo, el prefijo "un-" se usa a menudo para indicar lo opuesto o negativo de
la palabra raíz, como "happy" (feliz) que se convierte en "unhappy" (infeliz) o "fair" (justo) que
se convierte en "unfair" (injusto). Otros prefijos comunes incluyen "pre-" (antes), "post-"
(después) y "anti-" (contra).
Los sufijos, por otro lado, son morfemas que se agregan al final de una palabra raíz para
cambiar su significado o parte de la oración. Por ejemplo, el sufijo "-ful" se puede agregar a un
sustantivo o adjetivo para crear un adjetivo que signifique "lleno de", como "helpful" (útil) o
"hopeful" (esperanzado). El sufijo "-ness" se puede agregar a un adjetivo para crear un
sustantivo que signifique "el estado de ser", como "happiness" (felicidad) o "kindness"
(amabilidad). Otros sufijos comunes incluyen "-er" (uno que), "-ing" (participio presente) y "-ly"
(adverbio).
Aquí te presento algunos ejemplos de prefijos y sufijos comunes en inglés:
● Prefijos:
○
○ Un- (por ejemplo: unhappy, unsure)
○ Dis- (por ejemplo: disconnect, dislike)
○ Re- (por ejemplo: redo, rebuild)
○ Pre- (por ejemplo: preview, preschool)
○ Post- (por ejemplo: postgraduate, postwar)
○ Anti- (por ejemplo: anti-social, anti-war)
○ Super (superhero, superstar)
○ Mega (megabyte, megapolis)
○ Hyper (hyperactive, hyperbole)
● Sufijos:
○ -ly (por ejemplo: slowly, quickly)
○ -able/-ible (por ejemplo: enjoyable, visible)
○ -ful (por ejemplo: helpful, cheerful)
○ -less (por ejemplo: homeless, worthless)
○ -ment (por ejemplo: development, excitement)
○ -tion/-sion (por ejemplo: action, decision)
○ -er/-or (por ejemplo: teacher, actor)
○ -ing (por ejemplo: dancing, singing)
○ -y/-ish (por ejemplo: happy, childish)
● Unhappy
● Dislike
● Misunderstand
● Overcook
● Happily
● Careless
● Joyful
● Respectable
● Prehistoric
● Postwar
● Rebuild
● Submarine
● Colorless
● Hopelessness
● Childhood