I.

SESSION 1: WRITING COMPLETE SENTENCES WITH

CORRECT SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
A. Desired Learning Outcomes

Beginning Teacher Proficient Teacher

Domain 7:

Strand: Writing Complete Sentences

BTI 7.1.1 PTI 7.1.2

B. Objectives
a.
b.

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 C. Pre-Test
In each of the following sentences, two verbs are written in parentheses. First
locate and underline the subject. Then circle the one that agrees with the subject.

1. Your kindness over the years and your care (has/have) meant a great deal to us.
2. Tahanang Mapagkalinga, a shelter for teenage orphans in Bulacan, (offers/offer) different services.
3. The main source of income for Leonardo (is/are) teaching.
4. The chances of winning in a lottery (is/are) unlikely.
5. There (was/were) an NBA card stuck to the refrigerator.
6. Either the teacher nor his students (was/were) able to solve the math problem.
7. Many hours at the driving range (has/have) led us to design golf balls with
GPS locators in them.
8. Zeus (discover/discovers) an antique from the 16th century.
9. Every year, during the Halamanan Festival in Guiguinto, Bulacan, different flowers and plant
(fills/fill) the streets.
10. The theater artists (was/were) surrounded by fans and children eager to see the musical show.

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 D. Glossary of Terms
Term Definition
Grammar a particular language's structure and system
usually taken as consisting of syntax and
morphology (including inflections) and
sometimes also phonology and semantics.
Subject It refers to the person, place, or thing that is
performing the action of the sentence.

Verb (Predicate) It is a word that describes what the subject of a

sentence is doing. Verbs can indicate (physical or
mental) actions, occurrences, and states of being. 

E. Key Concepts
How to know if you’re grammatical in your sentences? Here are some rules to follow:

Subjects and verbs must agree in number.

1. If the subject is singular, the verb must be singular too.

Examples: He reads every day.
The teacher teaches English subject.

The only exception to this rule is the use of singular "they," in this case, use plural verb forms.
Singular “they” is used to refer to a person whose sex is not known or specified.

Example: The teacher expressed satisfaction with their job. They are continuously improving their
craft.

2. If the subject is plural, the verb must also be plural.

Example: They read every day.
The teachers teach English subject.

3. When the subject of the sentence is composed of two or more nouns or pronouns connected by and, use a
plural verb.
Example: The teacher and students read every day.
Example: The parents and the teachers talk every quarter.

4. When there is one subject and more than one verb, the verbs throughout the sentence must agree with the
subject.
Example: Observations are one way to collect data and allow researchers to gain an in-depth
understanding of participants.
Example: A hypothesis is a scientific wild guess and is a supposition made on the basis of limited
evidence as the start of an investigation.

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5. When a phrase comes between the subject and the verb, remember that the verb still agrees with the
subject, not the noun or pronoun in the phrase following the subject of the sentence.
Example: The principal, as well as the other stakeholders, is excited.
Example: The student with all high honors is very motivated.
Example: Activities that the teacher uses to encourage classroom participation involves using small
groups and differentiated instructions.

6. When two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by "or" or "nor," use a singular verb.
Example: The adviser or the guidance counselor approves the punishment for the student.

7. When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by "or" or "nor,"
the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is nearest to the verb. This is also called the rule of
proximity.
Example: The student or the panel members read every day.
Example: The panel members or the student reads every day.

8. The words and phrases "each," "each one," "either," "neither," "everyone," "everybody," "anyone,"
"anybody," "nobody," "somebody," "someone," and "no one" are singular and require a singular verb.

Example: Each of the judges was introduced.

Example: Neither null hypothesis was accepted.
Example: I will offer a five-peso gift card to everyone who gets the correct answer.
Example: No one was available to meet with me at the preferred times.

9. Noncount nouns take a singular verb.

Example: Contentment is the key to happiness.
Example: The news shocks many people around the world.
Example: The information obtained from the government was important to include in the study.
Example: The money I earned in online teaching was used for my vacation.

10. Some countable nouns in English such as earnings, goods, odds, surroundings, proceeds,
contents, and valuables only have a plural form and take a plural verb.
Example: The earnings for this quarter exceed expectations.
Example: The proceeds from the sale go to support the homeless population in the city.
Example: Locally produced goods have the advantage of shorter supply chains.

11. In sentences beginning with "there is" or "there are," the subject follows the verb. Since "there" is not the
subject, the verb agrees with what follows the verb.
Example: There is a little chance of losing the game.
Example: There are many factors affecting teachers’ improvement.

12. Collective nouns are words that imply more than one person but are considered singular and take a
singular verb. Some examples are "group," "team," "committee," "family," and "class."
Example: The faculty meets every week.
Example: A class of students performs their final performance task.

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However, the plural verb is used if the focus is on the individuals in the group. This is much less
common.
Example: The committee participate in various volunteer activities in their private lives.

F. Activities and Assessment

Exercise 1:
1. Write a sentence with a singular subject using one of the
following 2 verbs: HOPE, HOPES.

2. Write a sentence with a plural subject using one of the following 2 verbs: SEEM,
SEEMS

3. Answer the following questions based on the readings above: Write a sentence
with an “either-or” subject, placing a singular subject after or. Use one of the
following 2 verbs: WRITE, WRITES.

4. Write a sentence with a “neither-nor” subject, placing a plural subject after nor. Use one of
the following 2 verbs: ALLOW, ALLOWS.

5. Write a sentence using a collective noun as the subject. Use one of the following 2 verbs:

TRAVEL, TRAVELS.

6. Write a sentence with an interrupting phrase (prepositional or one set off by commas)
between the subject and the verb. Use one of the following 2 verbs: CLOSE, CLOSES.

7. Write a sentence with a compound subject. Use one of the following 2 verbs: SEND, SENDS

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 8. Write a sentence with a singular indefinite pronoun as the subject. Use one of the following 2 verbs:
PLACE, PLACES.

9. Write a sentence with a plural indefinite pronoun as the subject. Use one of the following 2 verbs:
COLLECT, COLLECTS.

10. Write a sentence with the pronoun you as the subject. Use one of the following 2 verbs: RECEIVE,
RECEIVES.

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Exercise 2: If a word is singular, write S before it. If it is plural, write P.
1. evening 11. mosquitoes

2. wolves 12. actresses

3. men 13 Mountains

4. he 14. Furniture

5. pens 15. Jewelry

6. shelf 16. Captain

7. they 17. Women

8. heights 18. Babies

9. goose 19. Senate

10. it 20. Data

Exercise 3: The subjects and verbs that follow are in agreement. If an item is singular, write S
before it. If it is plural, write P.

1. people think 11. night arrives

2. wind howls 12. gates open

3. owls hoot 13. she tries

4. we practice 14. actor

rehearses
5. days pass 15. girls study

6. monkeys chatter 16. leaf falls

7. Karen writes 17. thieves steal

8. it seems 18. boy giggles

9. snakes hiss 19. they watch

10. glasses break 20. lion lurks

G. Reflection
After going through this lesson, (Subject-verb agreement) answer in your journal
the following questions:

1. What have you learned about subject-verb agreement?

2. How has this session helped you brush up your English grammar skills?

3. What is the most important thing you need to consider in the subject-
verb agreement?
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 4. What is the essence of subject-verb agreement in communication?

5. How can you a s s i s t s t u d e n t s w h o s t r u g g l e w i t h s u b j e c t - v e r b a g r e e m e n t ?

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 H. Post-Test
In each of the following sentences, two verbs are written in parentheses. First locate
and underline the subject. Then circle the one that agrees with the subject.

1. Your kindness over the years and your care (has/have) meant a great deal to us.
2. Tahanang Mapagkalinga, a shelter for teenage orphans in Bulacan, (offers/offer) different
services.
3. The main source of income for Leonardo (is/are) teaching.
4. The chances of winning in a lottery (is/are) unlikely.
5. There (was/were) an NBA card stuck to the refrigerator.
6. Either the teacher nor his students (was/were) able to solve the math problem.
7. Many hours at the driving range (has/have) led us to design golf balls with
GPS locators in them.
8. Zeus (discover/discovers) an antique from the 16th century.
9. Every year, during the Halamanan Festival in Guiguinto, Bulacan, different flowers and plant
(fills/fill) the streets.
10. The theater artists (was/were) surrounded by fans and children eager to see the musical
show.

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 II. SESSION 2: THE USE OF SYNONYMS
Desired Learning Outcomes
Beginning Teacher Proficient Teacher

Domain:

Strand: Using Synonyms

BTI: 6.4.1 PTI: 6.4.2

Objectives
a.

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 Pre-Test
Read each sentence carefully. Choose the word or phrase that is closely the same to the
meaning of the underlined word/words.

______1. The teacher was so engrossed in checking the papers that she was surprised to hear her clock strike
at ten o’clock.
A. becoming tired B. fully occupied C. thoughtful D. worried
______2. Preservatives are added to bread to keep it from getting stale.
A. flat B. old C. small D. wet
______3. The successful use of anti-toxins and serums has virtually annihilated the threat of malaria, yellow- fever,
and other insect-borne diseases.
A. discovered B. eradicated C. examined D. improved
______4. You should learn how to haggle with the vendors in the public market.
A. bargain B. compute C. count D.
measure
______5. The hostess showed indifference to the babbling of her loquacious guest.
A. aggressive B. ill-mannered C. modest D.
talkative
______6. Many eleemosynary institutions in the Philippines are being funded by the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes
Office.
A. extravagant B. free of charge C. public D. philantropic
______7. The mushrooming of night spots is a menace to peace and order in the community.
A. asset B. eye-sore C. support D. threat
______8. The ruthless employer did not only reprimand the errant employees but also sacked them.
A. foolish B. lazy C. merciless D. strict
______9. His weak character surfaces every time he succumbs to the whims of his unreasonably jealous wife.
A. delights B. marvels C. rebeles D.
yields
______10. Your efforts to make him change his attitude are useless. He is incorrigible, and you know it.
A. Beyond correction B. hesitant C. strong D. stubborn

Glossary of Terms
Term Definition
Synonyms

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 Key Concepts
First, we will look at synonyms.
If two words are synonyms, it means that they have the same
meaning or similar meanings.

Let's look at some examples:

1. The words "pretty" and "beautiful" have similar meanings-they are synonyms.
2. The words "huge" and "enormous" have similar meanings-they are synonyms.
3. The words "street" and "road" have similar meanings-they are synonyms.
4. The words "true" and "factual" have similar meanings-they are synonyms.

You can use synonyms to vary words when you are writing. Instead of always
using the word "big," you can use more descriptive language: "huge," "gigantic,"
"enormous."

Notice the difference in the following sentences:

 The bear that we saw in the woods was big.

 The bear that we saw in the woods was enormous.
The second sentence is more descriptive and gives us a better idea of how big
the bear was.

It is important to realize that while words may have similar meanings, they
are not always interchangeable. This means that you cannot always replace a
word with another just because meanings are similar.

Let's look at some examples:

1. Jennifer was hungry or Jennifer was famished.
"Hungry" and "famished" have similar meanings, but if Jennifer is "famished,"
she is very hungry.
If you are trying to communicate how hungry she is, "famished" is a better
word.
2. Mark had a boo-boo or Mark had an injury.
"Boo-boo" is a common slang word for an injury, but even though these two
words mean similar things, you would not want to use "boo-boo" in formal
speech or writing.
Again, synonyms can help you vary your words when writing, but they can also
help you to be more +
 Activities and Assessment
Activity 1. Bingo is a fun engaging way to help students learn any vocabulary you are
teaching.
Synonym Bingo

Activity 2. Answer the following questions.

Match the words in the left column with their synonyms.

A ability secure, seize

B ban Complicated
C capture doubtful, questionable

D rude skill, talent

E detach hard, challenging
F dubious positive, sure
G encourage bad, wrong, wicket

H certain Luxurious

I enough Forbid

J demolish fight, battle

K combine Display

L difficult Understand
M complex leave, exit
N show promote, urge

O comprehend unite, join

P defy destroy, wreck

Q evil Impolite
R extravagant separate, unfasten
S depart resist, challenge

T conflict sufficient, ample

 Activity 3. Choose from the two options below.

Circle the 2 synonyms for each set of words.

1. toasty chilly cool comfortable

2. walk crawl stroll run

3. argue scare confuse frighten

4. bravery honesty courage winner

5. cook drink eat munch

6. record paint draw sketch

Activity 4 : Write a synonym for each word.

7. thin 8. tiny

9. store 10. fall

11. see 12. friendly

13. tasty 14. silent

15. smelly 16. smile

17. think 18. break

 Activity 5. Answer the following:
Choose the correct synonym for each underlined word.

1. The girls were surprised when they saw the beautiful flowers the delivery boy brought.

A) frustrating B) pretty C) fast D) orange

2. Watching the movie with all of my friends from school was fun, but it was too long.

A) sticky B) lengthy C) silly D) short

3. Jennifer’s roasted hot dog was ruined when it fell into the fire.

A) flames B) water C) ground D) refrigerator

4. The librarian asked the children to be silent because everyone was trying to study.

A) noisy B) boring C) quiet D) early

5. My grandpa made the new dollhouse, complete with miniature furniture for every room.

A) pretty B) tiny C) fresh D) tall

6. The boys on the soccer team were hungry after the game, so they went to eat pizza.

A) bumpy B) happy C) starving D) full

7. Mrs. Blackwell assigned a difficult project for the students to complete during their vacation.

A) free B) easy C) caring D) hard

8. The college professor was wise and gave the new students a lot of good advice.

A) intelligent B) funny C) ordinary D) ugly

9. Samantha’s great-grandpa is very old.

A) friendly B) crazy C) charming D) elderly

10. During physical education, the children had to jump as far as they could.

A) juggle B) leap C) swim D) run

 Activity 6. Read each sentence and circle the word in parentheses that has almost
the same meaning as the underlined word. Can you think of another synonym for
the underlined word? If so, write it on the blank line.

1. We saw the shooting star for a brief moment. (fleeting, long, endless)

2. I frequently visit the zoo.

(never, often, seldom )

3. My sister keeps her room very tidy.

(disorganized, messy, neat)

4. My brother knows how to operate a tractor.

(use, destroy, discard)

5. Grandmother always prepares a tasty desert. (yucky, yummy, gross)

6. Marie has never been late.

(disrespectful, known, tardy)

7. Alice is always reliable.

(ungrateful, dependable, selfish)

8. Your science display was great.

(horrible, magnificent, confusing)

9. Our teacher will not begin the movie until we are seated quietly. (stop, play, start)

10. We will have to revise our vacation plans.

(change, remember, keep)

Activity 7. Underline the word that is a synonym of the bold word.

1. This law is far from perfect. We need to change parts of it to make it fair. Unfortunately, it’s
difficult to amend a law.

2. That woman’s remarks are always rude! Why can’t she keep her comments to herself?

3. Don’t expend too much energy on that game or you won’t have enough left to use on homework.

4. You shouldn’t make a big deal about Sam’s errors when you haven’t even corrected your own mistakes!

5. I’ll create a new account for you if you make a list of features you want it to have.

6. Carefully observe the behavior of John’s sister Ashley. If you study her actions, you’ll understand why John
says she’s weird.

7. Jordan is a very smart girl. She’s intelligent enough to solve puzzles that some adults can’t handle.
8. The smell of your shoes is a most unpleasant odor.

9. The smell of that flower is a very pleasant fragrance.

Reflection
Journal Writing. Share your thoughts on the following:

1. What is the importance of knowing the DepEd organization structure and

school processes in the performance of your duties as a teacher?

2. Why should a teacher know who to approach in addressing concerns related

to his or her duties?
 Post-Test
Read each sentence carefully. Choose the word or phrase that is closely the same to the
meaning of the underlined word/words.
______1. The labor minister extolled the role that skilled workers play in nation-building.
A. explored B. expressed C. proclaimed D. praised
______2. Psychologists say that some individuals exhibit strong idiosyncrasies.
A. foolishness B. indifference C. peculiarities D. stupidity
______3. In an economic crisis, there is no time for frivolities.
A. blaming one another B. feeling sorry C. listening to lectures D. unimportant things
______4. In many countries, Richard Burton was acknowledged as a fine thespian.
A. actor B. painter C. pianist D. singer
______5. South Africa’s apartheid policy maintains that Whites should rule over the Blacks.
A. colonial rule B. inferiority complex C. separation of race D. trade agreement
______6. The lady was stupefied by the sudden appearance of her handsome ex-boyfriend at the party.
A. delighted B. nostalgic C. surprised D. sorrowful
______7. Novels, poetry, drama, short stories, and folk tales belong to the fictional genre.
A. literature B. piece C. type D.
written work
______8. The wife coaxed her partner to sign the contract.
A. convinced B. forced C. pleased D. threatened
______9. What you can find in plastic containers are vinaigrette such as vinegar, salt, garlic, pepper, sauce, and other
things that come in small sizes.
A. food B. ingredients C. seasoning D. salt
______10. The instructor expounded the pros and cons of the issues for the students to ruminate on.
A. analyze B. ignore C. research D. solve
 III. SESSION 3: ANTONYMS
Desired Learning Outcome
Beginning Teacher Proficient Teacher

Domain 7:

Strand: The Use of Antonyms

BTI 7.2.1 PTI 7.2.2

Objectives
a.
b.

Pre-Test

1. DOTE :
1. AVERSION 
2. ANTIDOTE 
3. FOOLISH 
4. CREATIVITY 
5. DARING
2. IMBROGLIO :
1. FIGHT 
2. CONCLUSION 
3. TRUST 
4. THANKFULNESS 
5. HARMONY
3. REMINISCE :
1. ORIGINATE 
2. IGNORE 
3. CREATE 
4. RECONVENE 
5. CREDIT
4. EXPEDITE :
1. DISPATCH 
2. DAWDLE 
3. PRECIPITATE 
4. OVERLOOK 
5. CREED
5. ONUS :
1. EASEMENT 
2. CAPABILITY 
3. OBLIGATION 
 4. TRACTION 
5. BELIEF
6. SQUALOR :
1. IMPURITY 
2. WEALTH 
3. CONSUMPTION 
4. FECES 
5. INDIGENCE
7. RETICENT :
1. TIRED 
2. FORWARD 
3. SHY 
4. DRAINED 
5. ELEGANT
8. NEXUS :
1. SEPARATION 
2. CONNECTION 
3. RESPECT 
4. VINCULUM 
5. DISTRACTION
9. NOISOME :
1. FETID 
2. RANK 
3. SALUBRIOUS 
4. PACIFIC 
5. PESTILENT

Key Concepts
Antonyms

Now, we will look at antonyms.

If two words are antonyms, it means they have opposite meaning.

Let's look at some examples:

1. The words "build" and "destroy" have opposite meanings-they are antonyms.
2. The words "chilly" and "warm" have opposite meanings-they are antonyms.
3. The words "smooth" and "rough" have opposite meanings-they are antonyms.
4. The words "damp" and "dry" have opposite meanings-they are antonyms.
Again, you can use antonyms to better understand what you read and to be more descriptive when you write. For
example, instead of writing, "She was not nice," use an antonym of the word "nice" to describe the girl such as
"mean," or "unfriendly."

 She was mean.

 She was unfriendly.
You can also form antonyms by adding a prefix meaning "not" to a word. Some common prefixes that mean "not"
are "un," "in," and "non."

Let's look at some examples:

1. Able-you can form an opposite of this word by adding "un" to make "unable."
2. Consistent-you can form an opposite of this word by adding "in" to make "inconsistent."
3. Fat-you can form an opposite of this word by adding "non" to make "nonfat."

Activities and Assessment

Activity 1. Study these verbs. Match the opposites.

1. admit a. miss
2. fail b. receive
3. lend c. succeed
4. deposit d. defend
5. send e. increase
6. differ f. create
7. attack g. deny
8. catch h. depart
9. reduce i. withdraw
10. destroy j. lose
11. arrive k. borrow
12. win l. agree
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Activity 2: Study these adjectives. Match the opposites.

1. modern a. deliberate
2. permanent b. temporary
3. keen c. amateur
4. private d. traditional
5. professional e. public
6. gentle f. severe
7. accidental g. foolish
8. sensible h. uninterested
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Activity 3.

Reflection
As a newly hired teacher, I am already manifesting the following qualities
like
. However, I
need to improve my qualities

.
 Post-Test
Resolve the issue.
 1. DOTE :
a. AVERSION 
b. ANTIDOTE 
c. FOOLISH 
d. CREATIVITY 
e. DARING
2. IMBROGLIO :
a. FIGHT 
b. CONCLUSION 
c. TRUST 
d. THANKFULNESS 
e. HARMONY
3. REMINISCE :
a. ORIGINATE 
b. IGNORE 
c. CREATE 
d. RECONVENE 
e. CREDIT
4. EXPEDITE :
a. DISPATCH 
b. DAWDLE 
c. PRECIPITATE 
d. OVERLOOK 
e. CREED
5. ONUS :
a. EASEMENT 
b. CAPABILITY 
c. OBLIGATION 
d. TRACTION 
e. BELIEF
6. SQUALOR :
a. IMPURITY 
b. WEALTH 
c. CONSUMPTION 
d. FECES 
e. INDIGENCE
7. RETICENT :
a. TIRED 
b. FORWARD 
c. SHY 
d. DRAINED 
e. ELEGANT
8. NEXUS :
a. SEPARATION 
b. CONNECTION 
c. RESPECT 
d. VINCULUM 
e. DISTRACTION