Untitled

Chapter – 6 The origin divides the line segment joining (x1, y1) and
(Co-ordinate Geometry) (–3x1, –3y1) in the ratio 1 : 3 internally. (∵ The origin lies on
the line segment). Choice (B)
Concept Review Questions
10. The points that are at unit distance from (0, 0) lie on a circle
Solutions for questions 1 to 30:
of radius 1 and centre at the origin. There are infinitely many
such points on this circle. Choice (D)
1. As can be seen in the figure above, if a line with slope –1
passes through the  quadrant, it can’t pass through the 
11. The side of the square is distance between (0, 0) and (0, )
quadrant
Y i.e.  then its diagonal is 2 . Choice (C)
12. The largest chord of a circle is its diameter. If the diameter is 2,

then the radius is 1 and the area is (12) = 
  Choice (A)
13. (x1, y1) and (–x1, y1) are two opposite vertices of the square.
 The midpoint of the line segment joining these vertices is
the common midpoint of the diagonals i.e., point of
intersection of the diagonals is (0, y1) (∵ Midpoint of the line
O X
  x1  x 2 y1 y 2 
V segment joining (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is  , .
 2 2 
 
The diagonal joining the given opposite vertices lies on the
Choice (B) x-axis.
 The other diagonal would lie on the y-axis (∵ The
2. Two non-parallel lines lying in the same plane have to
intersect. diagonals of the square are perpendicular). ------(1)
 The least distance is 0. Ans : (0) Distance from the intersection point of the diagonals to each
of the given vertices is |x1| ------- (2)
3. As seen in solution  above, a line can pass through at most From (1) and (2), the other two vertices are (0, y1 + x1) and
(0, y1 – x1) . Choice (B)
3 quadrants. Ans : (3)
14. Since AB + BC = AC, A, B, C are collinear. Hence, the
4. nd quadrant. Choice (B)
required equation is the same as the equation of the line
joining A and B. (i.e) y = mx + c Choice (D)
5. If a line passes through the origin, both intercepts are 0.
Choice (C)
15. Let the coordinates of the fourth point D be (x4, y4).
The 3 possible values of x4 are
6. The distance of (x1, y1) from ax + by + c = 0 is
x1 + x2 – x3,
| ax1  by1  c | x1 – x2 + x3
–x1 + x2 + x3.
a2  b2 Corresponding y4
c
y1 + y2 – y3
 The distance of (0, 0) from mx – y + c = 0 is . y1 – y2 + y3
1  m2 –y1 + y2 + y3. Ans : (3)
Choice (A)
16. The area of ABC is zero means A, B, C, are collinear. If
A and B are known points, we can say that C lies on line AB.
7. Distance from (0, 0) to (3, 4) is 3 4
2 2 = 5 units.
Choice (C)
Ans : (5)
17. The distance between two parallel lines,
8. The required distance is c Choice (D) c1  c 2
y = mx + c1 and y = mx + c2 is =1
a2  b2 1  m2
9. Let A = (x1,y1) and B = (–3x1,–3y1) c1  c 2

Given =1
The origin (0, 0) divides AB in the ratio say m : n ( say). 1  m2
m( 3 x1)  n( x1)
0 =
mn  c1  c 2 = 1 m2
 – 3m + n = 0  n = 3m
 m : n = m : 3m = 1:3 i.e., c1 – c2 = 1 m2 or c1 – c2 = – 1 m2
As m : n is positive, this is internal division.
Alternative Solution:  c2 = c1 – 1 m2 or c2 = c1 + 1 m2
The slope of the line joining (x1, y1) and (–3x1, –3y1) is y1 .
x1 If the equation of one line is y = mx + c, that of the other is
 Its equation is y = y 1 x . y = mx + c – 1 m2 or
x1
The origin lies on the line. y = mx + c + 1 m2 Choice (D)
Distance between the origin and (x1, y1) = x 21  y 21 . 18. The coordinates of the point p(x, y) that divides A(x1, y1) and
B(x2, y2) internally in the ratio m : n are given by
Distance between the origin and (–3x1, –3y1) = 3 x12  y12
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mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 AD = 2.4, DB = 3.2  AB = 4
x= ,y  Choice (B) and we can see that BC = 5.
mn mn
 Our suspicion is well-founded, ABC is right-angled at A.
 The orthocenter is A (1.8, 2.4), the vertex of the right
19. Given  = 135° angle. Choice (C)
Slope = tan135° = –1  –1 + 1 = 0 Ans : (0)
25. The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular.
20. The vertices A and C of the rhombus ABCD are given The product of their slopes is –1 (In case the diagonals are
Y along the coordinate axes, the slopes are 0 and  and the
A(0, y1) product is indeterminate).
 The required product is either –1 or indeterminate.
Choice (D)
26. The line is parallel to y = 2x.

( , 0) D
X ∴ The line has the same slope as that of y = 2x
O The slope of any line in the form y = mx + c is m. Slope of
B( , 0)
the considered line = That of y = 2x, which is 2.
y4
Equation of the line is 2  , i.e. y = 2x – 2.
C(0, – y1) x3
Choice (D)
27. The required line (ray m) is perpendicular to the given line
The midpoint of AC, i.e., (0, 0) is the point where BD
(say ℓ) y = 3x + 1
intersects AC. Further BD  AC.
BD lies on the x-axis ∴ The product of the slopes of ℓ and m is –1.
 y1    y1  The slope of ℓ is 3. ∴ The slope of m has to be 1
As BD = (1/2) AC, B =  , 0  and D =  , 0  3
2   2 
Both (A) and (B) are vertices. Choice (C) Equation of m is 1  y  1 i.e. 3y = –x + 4.
3 x 1
21. The rhombus is shown in the figure below Choice (C)
Y 28. The circle is centered at the origin and pass through (3, 4).
D ∴ Radius of the circle = distance between the origin and
3  02  4  02  5 .
A
(3, 4) 
O X Circumference of the circle = 2π (Radius) = 10 π.
Choice (B)
C
29. The centroid of the triangle whose vertices are
B (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) is
 x 1  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y 3 
If the equation of AB is y = mx + c, that of CD is  ,  .
y = mx – c because the slope of CD is the same as that of  3 3 
AB, while its y-intercept is –c. Choice (A) The centroid of the given triangle is
22. The points in the choices A, B and C lie on the line.  0  5  0 0  0  12  5 

Choice (D)  ,  i.e.,  , 4  Choice (C)
 3 3  3 
23. Given equation is x  y = 0 i.e., y = x
comparing with y = mx + c 30. The midpoint of the line segment whose end points are
We have, m = 1 (x1, y1), (x2, y2), is
But m = tan  tan = 1   = 45°
 x1  x 2 y1  y 2 
 The required angle is 45° Ans : (45)  , 
 2 2 
24. The given points are plotted in the figure below. Mid point of the line segment whose ends are
y
 1  9 6  12 
(1, 6) and (9, 12) is  ,  i.e., (5, 9)
 2 2 
A(1.8, 2.4) Choice (A)
Exercise – 6(a)
x
B(5, 0) 1. The centre of the circle (x  g)2 + (y  f)2 = r2 is (g, f)
C(0, 0) D(1.8, 0)
The centre of the circle (x  6)2 + (y  3)2 = 25 is (6, 3)
Distance between the points (3, 7), (6, 3) is
3  62  7  32  9  16  5 units Ans : (5)

We suspect that ABC is right angled. We have to verify.
DC = 1.8, AD = 2.4  AC = 3 2. We know that the ratio in which the y-axis divides the line
joining the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is x1 : x2. Here the 1
Slope of lines (2) = m2 =
points are (4, 3), (6, 2). 5
 The required ratio is 4 : 6 = 2 : 3 Choice (C)
2 1
3. Let the given points be A(3, 5), B(5, 9), C(10, k). If A, B and  
3 5
C are collinear, then the slope of AB = slope of BC. tan =
 2 1
95 4 1    
 Slope of AB =  2  35
53 2
k 9 k 9 13
Slope of BC = 
10  5 5 15
tan =
k 9 13
  2  k = 10 + 9 = 19 Choice (C)
5 15
tan = 1   = 45º Ans : (45)
4. In a triangle, the centroid divides the segment joining the
10. The given lines 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 and 12x – 9y + 10 = 0 represent
orthocentre, ‘O’ and the circumcentre, S in the ratio 2 : 1
the adjacent sides AB and BC of a rec0tangle ABCD. Since
internally.
the point (2, 3) does not lie on the two given lines. So, (2, 3)
Given O(4, 5), G(3, 3).
represents the vertex ‘D’.
Let S= (x, y)
D (2, 3) C
The centroid G is
 2x  4 2x  5 
 
 2  1 , 2  1   (3, 3) 12x  9y + 10 = 0
 
2x + 4 = 9; 2y + 5 = 9
2x = 5 2y = 4
5
x= y=2 A B
2 3x + 4y + 7 = 0
 Circumcentre  5 , 2  Choice (A) Length/breadth of the rectangle is the perpendicular distance
2   from (2, 3) to the line 12x  9y + 10 = 0
5. If (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) are the three consecutive 122 93 10 7
i.e.  units.
12   9
vertices of a parallelogram, then the fourth vertex is (x1 + x3 2 2 15
 x2, y1 + y3  y2)
The given vertices are (2, 6), (4, 2) and (8, 4). Breadth of the rectangle is the perpendicular distance from
 The fourth vertex is (2 + 8 (4), 6  4 2) = (14, 0) (2, 3) to the line 3x + 4y + 7 = 0
Choice (A)
23 43 7 25
i.e.,   5 units
6. We know that, the slope of the line joining the points (x1, y1) 5
y 2  y1
3 4
2 2
and (x2, y2) is .
x 2  x1  Area of the rectangle = length  breadth
Given, points are (at12, 2at1) and (at22, 2at2) 7 7
=5 = sq units. Choice (C)
2at 2  t1
 slope = 2at2  2at1 =
2 15 3
=
at22  at12 at 2  t1t 2  t1 t 2  t1
11. The given lines are
Choice (C) 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 -------- (1)
4x + 9y + 12 = 0 -------- (2)
7. We know that, the equation of the line joining the points 3x  2y + 9 = 0 -------- (3)
y 2  y1
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by y  y1 = x  x1  . Clearly equation (1) and equation (3) are perpendicular to
x 2  x1 each other.
 The equation of the line joining the points (5, 6) and (4, 3) is Hence, the points of intersection of the lines (1) and (2) and
36 (1) and (3) are the end points of the hypotenuse.
y6= ( x  5) 9 2
45  Solving (1) and (2) we get x =  , y =
y  6 = 3(x  5) 2 3
3x  15  y + 6 = 0    9 , 2  is one end point of the hypotenuse.
3x  y  9 = 0 Choice (D)  2 3
Choice (C)
8. The given line is 3 x  y + 9 = 0.
x y
Slope of the line is
12. Let the equation of the line be  1
3 . a b
 The angle made by the line with x-axis is 60º. Given, a + b = 7  b = 7  a
Hence, the angle made by the line with y-axis is 90 – 60 = Since the above line passes through (4, 5)
30º. Ans : (30) 4 5
 1
a 7a
9. If m1 and m2 are the slopes of two lines and  is the acute 28  4a  5a = a(7  a)
a2  16a + 28 = 0
m1  m2  a = 14 or 2  b = 7 or 5
angle between the lines, then tan = .
1  m1m2 x y
Equation of the line can be  1
Given lines are 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 ------- (1) 2 5
and x  5y + 3 = 0 ------- (2) 5x + 2y = 10. Choice (D)
2
Slope of lines (1) = m1 = 
3
13. Given, A(4, 5) B(3, 6) and C(2, 1) are the vertices of the  13 
triangle ABC. | 7   |
Let AD be the altitude, A (4, 5) Distance between the tangents is  2  i.e.
then AD  BC. 2
Slope of AD  Slope of BC 27
= 1 2 2
Slope of AD  5 = 1
Circumference of the circle = 27 . Choice (B)
1
Slope of AD =  . 2 2
5
Equation of AD having 20. We know that, the distance between the parallel lines
1 B C
slope =  and passing D (2, 1)
5
(3, 6) c 2  c1
ax + by + c1 = 0, ax + by + c2 = 0 is given by .
a2  b2
through the point A(4, 5) is
y  y1 = m(x  x1) Given,
1 5x + 12y + 24 = 0 -------- (1)
i.e. y  5 =  (x  4) 10x + 24y + 49 = 0 -------- (2)
5
49
5y  25 = x + 4 (2) is equivalent to 5x + 12y + =0
2
x + 5y  29 = 0 Choice (D) 49
 24
 Distance = 2
14. If two lines are perpendicular to each other, then, m1  m2 = 1,
where m1 & m2 are the slopes of the two lines. 52  122
The given lines are ax + 3y + 7 = 0, 4x + 9y + 15 = 0.
1 1
a 4 =  units. Choice (A)
The slopes of the lines are  , respectively. 2  13 26
3 9
a 4 21. The area of the triangle formed by the line ax + by + c = 0 with
     1
3 9 c2
27 the coordinate axes is .
4a = 27  a =  Choice (A) 2 ab
4
The area of the triangle formed by the line 4x  5y + 20 = 0 with
15. Given, lines are 4x + 5y  23 = 0, x + 3y  11 = 0 202
the coordinate axes is = 10 sq units.
Solving these equations we get, x = 2, y = 3 2 4( 5)
Since the line x + ky + 3k + 2 = 0 passes through the point
(2, 3), Ans : (10)
2 + 3k + 3k + 2 = 0
6k = 4  4  7  5 0  0  a 
22. Centroid of the triangle =  , =
4
k =  
2
Choice (D)  3 3 
6 3
8 a 
 , 
16. The given line is 3x + 4y + 5 + k(x  3y + 2) = 0 3 3
i.e. (3 + k)x + (4  3k)y + 5 + 2k = 0
If a line is parallel to x-axis, then the coefficient of x must be zero. 8 a 8 5
 3 + k = 0  k = 3  k2 = 9 Ans : (9)
 ,  =  .  a = 5
3 3 3 3
17. Given lines are 8x + 5y = 48 and y = kx + 6 The triangle has a base of 11 and a height of a i.e. 5
At the point of intersection of the lines P(say) 5y = 48 – 8x 1
The area of the triangle = (11) (5) =
55
. Choice (C)
= 5(kx + 6) 2 2
At p, 48 – 8x = 5kx + 30
23. Let C1 and C2 be the centres of the first circle and second
18
18 = x (5k + 8)  =x circle respectively.
5k  8 y
The coordinates of P are integers 5k + 8 is a factor of 18. A
This factor may be positive or negative. 5
5k + 8 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
5k = –7, or –9, –6 or –10, –5 or –1, –2 or –14, 1 or –17, 4
10 or –26
k is an integer when 5k = –10, –5 or 10 3
k has three integer values. Also, if both x and k are integers,
then y = kx + 6 has to be an integer. Ans : (3)
2
18. On solving the equation  5x  6 = 0, we get the roots 6, 1.
x2
 The equation of the line can be 1
y = 6x  1 (when slope = 6 and y – intercept is –1) or
y = x + 6 (when slope = –1 and y – intercept is 6). C1 0 C2 x
Choice (B)
–1
19. Two of the tangents to the circle are x + y = 7 and x + y
 13 –2
= . These are parallel tangents. The diameter of the
2
circle is the distance between the tangents. –3
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pqpq pqpq
 , 
 2 2 
 6p  q  c 6p  q  d 
=  , 
 2 2 
Let A and B be the points of intersection of the circles  (c, d) = (q – 4p, –4p – q).
The common radius of the two circles is C1C2, The fourth vertex can be (6p – 3q, 6p + 3q)
C1C2 = C1A = C2A.  Triangle AC1C2 is equilateral, (6p + q, 6p – q) or (q – 4p, –4p – q).
Triangle AC1O is a 30 – 60 – 90 triangle.
Alternative solution:
2 10 Three of the vertices are
 AC1 = (OA) = 3
3 3 A = (p–q, p+q)
B = (p+q, p–q)
 100  C = (6p–q, 6p+q)
The area of each circle = (AC1)2 =   . Let the fourth vertex be D(x,y)
 3  If A and C opposite vertices, (7p–2q, 7p+2q)
Choice (C) = (p+q+x, p–q+y) i.e. (x,y) = (6p –3q, 6p+3q)
If A and B are opposite vertices,
24. 81y2 – x2 + 14x = c (2p, 2p) = (6p –q+x, 6p+q+y)
 81y2 – (x – 7)2 + 49 = c i.e. (x,y) = (6p+q,6p–q)
 81y2 – (x – 7)2 = c – 49. This represents a pair of straight The coordinates of the point D can be any of the ones in
lines. options A, B or C. Choice (D)
 c – 49 must be 0  c = 49. Choice (B)
27. Area of a triangle formed by joining the midpoints of the
25. The points (0, 6) and (0, 17) are the ends of a diagonal of a sides of a triangle T is one-fourth the area of T
square. The length of this diagonal is 11. Let the side of
1 x1  x 2 y1  y 2
the square be a. Using the formula , the area of the
2 x2  x3 y2  y3
2 a = 11
The diagonals of the square bisect each other. 1
triangle whose vertices are (3, 5), (5, 8), and (7, 5) is
The midpoint of the diagonal is the same. 2
The midpoint of the diagonal whose ends are (0, 6) and 2 3 1
 0  0 6  17  i.e. (|–6 –6|) i.e. 6.
(0, 17) is  ,  i.e. (0, 11.5). The midpoint of 2 3 2
 2 2  Area of the triangle formed by joining the mid points of the
the other diagonal is also (0, 11.5) sides of the triangle whose vertices are (3, 5), (5, 8), and
2a 1
One of the ends of the other diagonal of the square is (7, 5) is (6) i.e. 1.5. Ans : (1.5)
2 4
away from (0, 11.5) i.e. 5.5 away from (0, 11.5)
----- (1) 28. The given line is x (p + 5q) + 4y (p + q) = 5p - 1q i.e.
The diagonals of the square must be perpendicular to each p(x + 4y) + q(5x + 4y) = 5p + q
other. The diagonal whose ends are (0, 6) and (0, 17) lies on The given line passes through a certain point for all real
the y -axis.  the other diagonal must be parallel to the values of p and q. This is possible, only if x + 4y = 5 and
x-axis --------- (2) 5x + 4y = 1.
From (1) and (2) the two end points of the other diagonal If x + 4y = 5 and 5x + 4y = 1, x = -1 and y = 1.5
must be (5.5, 11.5) and (–5.5, 11.5). Choice (D) The point through which the line passes for all real values of
p and q is (–1, 1.5). Choice (A)
26. (p – q, p +q) and (p + q, p – q) are either adjacent vertices or
alternate vertices. 29. The line cuts the x-axis at (2, 0) and y-axis at (0, 3)
If (p – q, p + q) and (p + q, p –q) are adjacent vertices x y
 Equation of the line is  1
(6p – q, 6p + q) must be vertex opposite to either 2 3
(p – q, p +q) or (p + q, p – q).  3x + 2y + 6 = 0 Choice (C)
Let the fourth vertex be (a, b).
Common midpoint of the two diagonals. 30. The inclination of the line is  = 60º
 6p  q  p  q 6p  q  p  q   Slope = tan60º = 3
=  ,  or
 2 2   Y intercept is = 1
 Equation of the line is y  (1) = 3 (x  0)
 6p  q  p  q 6p  q  p  q 
 ,  y+1= 3 x Choice (A)
 2 2 
 p  q  a p  q  b   6p  q  p  q 6p  q  p  q  31. The triangle formed by
Y
 , =  ,  the given vertices is
 2 2   2 2  shown in the figure.
Or The triangle meets the A(0, 20)
 p  q  a p  q  b   6p  q  p  q 6p  q  p  q  coordinate axes at
 ,  =  ,  A(20, 0) and B(0, 20).
 2 2   2 2   Equation of line AB is
(a, b) = (6p – 3q, 6p + 3q) or (6p + q, 6p – q) x y X
 1 (0, 0) B(20, 0)
If (p – q, p + q) and (p + q, p – q) are alternate vertices, 20 20
|6p – q, 6p + q| must be opposite to the fourth vertex. Let x + y = 20
the fourth vertex be (c, d)
Now, we find the intercepts which satisfies the following
conditions.
x + y < 20 1 p
yp= ( x  1)
x>0;y>0  (1  p)
When x = 1 the number of corresponding values are 18.  y  p = – (x  1)
Similarly when x = 2, the number of corresponding values Hence, equation of the required line is x + y  p  1 = 0
are 17. Choice (B)
 The total number of ordered pairs of x and y which
satisfies the above conditions are 3. Equation of line passing through (0, 0) and having slope 3 is
y  0 = 3(x  0)
19  18
18 + 17 + …… + 1 =  171 Ans : (171)  y = 3x  3x  y = 0 Choice (B)
2
32. Let L be the line,
x y
Slope of the line m = tan60º = 3 . 4. Intercepts of the line x – y + 7 = 0 i.e  = 1 are
7 7
Equation of the line having slope 3 and passing through – 7 and 7.
x y
the point (5, 3) is y  3 = 3 (x  5) Intercepts of the line 2x + 3y = 6 i.e.  =1 are 3 and 2.
3 2
3 xy5 3 +3=0 x y
Intercepts of the line x + y – 10 = 0 i.e.  = 1 are 10 and 10.
Since, this cuts the y-axis at Q, x = 0 10 10
 y  5 3 + 3 = 0 Intercept of the line 2x – 3y = 6 i.e. 
x y
= 1 are 3 and – 2.
3 2
y=35 3 ,
Clearly the line x + y  10 = 0 has equal intercepts
 The point Q(0, 3  53). x  intercept = 10
PQ = 5  02  3  3  5 3 
2 y  intercept = 10 Choice (C)
= 25  75  100  10 units Ans : (10) 5. Given lines are,

x + y – 8 = 0 ---------- (1)
3x – 2y + 1 = 0 ---------- (2)
33. The given four points form a square. x–y=0 ---------- (3)
 The required equation is the equation of the diagonal The vertex opposite to the hypotenuse is the vertex
passing through the points (6, 6) and (– 1, 3). containing the right angle.
3 Also, the vertex containing the right angle is the point of
y–6= (x – 6) intersection of the perpendicular sides (1) and (3) as the
7
product of the slopes of these lines is – 1
7y – 42 = 3x – 18
Now, solving (1) and (3), we get
3x – 7y + 24 = 0 Choice (D)
x = 4 and y = 4
Hence, the required vertex is (4, 4) Choice (C)
34. Translation equations are:
X = x – , Y = y –  6. Given quadratic equation is x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
Given: (x, y) = (2, 3), (, ) = (– 4, 5)  (x + 3) (x + 4) = 0
X = 6, Y = – 2
 Roots are 3, 4
 The required point is (6, – 2) Choice (B)
 The ordered pair (x, y) = (3, 4)
Clearly it satisfies 2x  5y = 14 Choice (C)
35. Given: (, ) = (1, 1) and f(X, Y) = – 3XY – Y2 – 5 = 0
2X2
The original equation is f(x – , y – ) = f(x – 1, y – 1) = 0
7. Given lines are 5x + 3y = 2 and x  2y = 3
2(x – 1)2–3(x – 1)(y – 1) – (y – 1)2 – 5 = 0
Since, the given lines are intersecting lines, (as their slopes
2x2 – 3xy – y2 – x + 5y – 7 = 0 Choice (D)
are not equal) the shortest distance between them will be
zero. Ans : (0)
Exercise – 6(b)
8. Given line is, 5x + 6y = 30
Solutions for questions 1 to 35: 5x 6y
  1
1. We have, slope of the line joining the points 30 30
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is, x y
  1
y 2  y1 6 5
m=
x 2  x1 x y
Comparing with   1 , we get
Given, (x1, y1) = (4, p) a b
(x2, y2) = (p, 5) and a = 6 and b = 5
m = 2 We have, Area of the triangle
5p
  2 =
1
ab =
1 1
6  5 =  30 = 15 sq.units Choice (A)
p4 2 2 2
 5 – p = –2 (p – 4)  5 – p = –2p + 8
p=3 Ans : (3) 9. Given lines are 3x  ky + 6 = 0  (1)
2x + 3y + 7 = 0  (2)
2. We know that, Since (1) and (2) are parallel, their slopes must be equal.
Equation of a line passing through A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) is 3 2
y 2  y1  
y  y1 = ( x  x1) k 3
x 2  x1
9
Here, A(x1, y1) = (1, p)  2k = 9  k = Choice (A)
B(x2, y2 ) = (p, 1) 2
(1  p )
yp= ( x  1) 10. Given lines are
(p  1)
k x  3y  10  0 (1)
6x + ky + 25 = 0 (2)
Since the angle between the lines (1) and (2) is 90°, the
product of the two slopes = 1
 AB2 + BC2 =  13    13    26  = CA
2 2 2 2
i.e., m1 m2 = –1  AB2+ BC2

= CA2
B = 90°
 k 6
  1 Also, AB = BC
3 k
 ABC is a right angled isosceles triangle. Choice (B)
2 k =k
16. If the circumcentre, centroid and orthocentre are S, G and O
 2 k k = 0 respectively
 k (2  k )  0 SG 1

GO 2
 k  0 or 2  k = 0 O = (x1, y1)
 k  0 or k = 2 G = (0, 0)
S = (x2, y2) say
 k = 0 or k = 4 Choice (D)
x2 1 x1
  x2 =
11. 0  x1 2 2
O(0, 0)
y1
Similarly y2 = Choice (D)
2
17. We know that, x-axis divides the line joining the points
p units A(x1, y1) and B (x2, y2)
in the ratio y1 : y2
Given, A (x1, y1) = (3, 2)
B (x2, y2) = (4, 6)
3x + 4y + 1 = 0  Required ratio = 2 : 6 = 1 : 3
Hence, the ratio in which x-axis divides the line joining the
Let ‘p’ be the perpendicular distance from (0, 0) to the line 3x
points (–3, 2) and B(4, 6) is 1 : 3 externally. Choice (A)
+ 4y + 1 = 0
ax1  by1  c 3(0)  4(0)  1 18. The points A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) are said to be
Then, p = 
collinear if,
a b
2 2
32  42 Slope of AB = slope of BC
1 Given, A (x1, y1) = (p + 1, 1)
p= units Ans: (0.2)
5 B (x2, y2) = (2p + 1, 3)
C (x3, y3) = (2p + 2, 2p)
12. Slope of the line joining (0, 0) and (p, q) is q  0
We have,
p0 y 2  y1
Slope, m =
Slope of the line joining (0, 0) and (p, q), the slope of the line x 2  x1
joining (p, q) and (–p, –q), the slope of the line joining (–p, – Slope of AB = Slope of BC
q) and (pq, q2) are all the same. 3 1 2p  3
 
 The given points are collinear. Choice (D) (2p  1)  (p  1) (2p  2)  (2p  1)
13. In the figure, the angle made by line l1, with the positive 2 2p  3
   p (2p  3) = 2
direction of x = axis = 45° p 1
 m = tan45° = 1  2p2  3p  2 = 0
Also, the required line is passing through the origin  (2p + 1) (p  2) = 0
 Equation of the line is, y – y1 = m(x – x1) 1
i.e., y – 0 = 1(x – 0)  p = 2, Choice (C)
i.e., x – y = 0 Choice (C) 2
14. We know that, the centroid of the triangle formed by the 19. Equation of the line passing through the points (1, 3)
points A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) is 5  3
and (5, 5) is y  3 = ( x  1)
5 1
 x1  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y 3 
 ,  8
 3 3  y3 = ( x  1)
4
Given,  y  3 = 2x + 2
(x1, y1) = (7, 0)  2x + y  5 = 0
(x2, y2) = (5, 1)
Of the given choices, only the point (4, 3) satisfies this
(x3, y3) = (3, 5)
equation. Choice (C)
 Centroid, G =  7  5  3 , 0  1  5  =  15 , 6  = (5, 2)
 3 3   3 3 20. Let D(x, y) be the fourth vertex.
Now, Distance between the points Let A (4, 1), B(7, 4) and C(13, 2) be the given vertices.
Since ABCD is a rectangle,
(3, 4) and (5, 2) = (5  3)2  (2  4)2 The mid point of BD is same as the mid point of AC .
8 6 64  36 =   7  x , 4  y    4  13 , 1  2 
= 2 2 = 100 = 10 units Ans : (10)
 2 2   2 2 
15. Let A(2, 3), B(0, 0) and C(3, 2) be the given vertices of
  x1  x 2 y1  y 2 
triangle ABC  midpont   , 
Then,   2 2 
AB = 49 = 13 7x 17 4  y 1
 = , 
BC = 94 = 13 2 2 2 2`
 x = 10, y = –5
CA = 1  25  26 Hence the fourth vertex is (10, –5) Choice (A)
21. Clearly for the lines 9x + y = 3 and 4x + y + 2 = 0, the product
of the intercepts is 1
Also, the point (1, –6) satisfies both these equations.
Hence, the required line is 9x + y = 3 or 4x + y + 2 = 0
Choice (D)
22. Slope  intercept form of a line is y = mx + c
where, m = slope
c = y  intercept
c
 x  intercept
m
m = tan = tan60° = 3 Let 5x + 12y =13 intersect the y-axis and x-axis at A and B.
Also, c = 3  c = 3 3 Let the line 5x + 4y = 3 intersect the x-axis and y-axis at C
3 and D.
The area of shaded region = The area of ∆ OAB – The area
 Required equation of the line is
of ∆OCD
y= 3 x  3 3 i.e., 3x  y  3 3  0 Choice (D)
 1  13   13  1  3  3 
=      –   
23. Three lines are said to be concurrent, if the point of  2  12   5  2  5  4 
intersection of any two lines lies on the third line.
Given lines are 169  27 142 71
= = = Choice (A)
3x  y = 2  (1) 120 120 60
2x + y = 3  (2) and
5x – ay = 3  (3) 27. If m1 and m2 are the slopes of two lines, then the acute angle
Solving (1) and (2), we get (x, y) = (1, 1) between the lines is given by
Substituting (1, 1) in (3), we have m1  m2
5 (1) – a(1) = 3 tan =
1  m1m2
5–a=3
 a = 5  3 = 2. Ans: (2) 1 1
Given, m1 = and m2 =
5 7
24. 9x – 3y + 30 = 0
D
C
1 1 75

5 7 35 12 6
 tan = = = 
 1  1 35  1 34 17
1     
5 7 35
Length of the
side   = tan–1  6  Choice (C)
 17 
28.
A 3x –y + 6 = 0 B
Given lines are y

3x  y + 6 = 0  (1) and 9x  3y + 30 = 0  (2)
(2) can be written as 3x  y + 10 = 0  (3) A
9
Length of the side = Distance (d) between the lines (1) and
(3)
8 C
10  6 4
d= c 2  c1 = 
a2  b2 9 1 10 7
 Perimeter of the square = 4  side

6
4 16 10
 4   
16 10

8 10 units
10 10 10 10 5 5
B
Choice (D)
4
25. Let ABCD be the square one of whose vertices is A (3, 10).
Since (3, 10) is not on the line 5x – y + 12 = 0, the equation 3
represents diagonal BD. Let AC be the required diagonal.
Since AC is perpendicular to BD, the
2
slope of AC  slope of BD = – 1
slope of AC  5 = –1.
1 1
slope of AC =
5
The equation of AC passing through the point A(3,10) and 0
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
having slope is
5
1 We note that CA = CB = 10 , i.e.  CAB is isosceles.
y – 10 = (x – 3)  5y – 50 = –x + 3
5 The angle bisector of C is perpendicular to AB. Slope of
x + 5y – 53 = 0 Choice (A) AB is –2.
1
 The slope of the line which bisects ACB is .
26. x 2
Choice (D)
A
O C B y
x y
29. The equation of a straight line passing through the points i.e.,   1  2x – 3y – 6 = 0 Choice (A)
3 2
y6 96
(3,6) and (–3, 9) is =
x3 33 33. Let the coordinates of a point P be (x, y) in a system R. Let
y6 1 the origin of R be translated to ( ). The coordinates of P in
= =
x3 2 the new system, R, say (x, y) are obtained from
2y – 12 = –x + 3 x = X + , y = Y + 
= 1x + 2y – 15 = 0 Given: (X, Y) = (– 2, – 1), (, ) = (– 3, 1)
Let the line x + 2y –15 = 0  The required coordinates are (x, y) = (– 5, 0)
Intersect the x-axis at A, y-axis at B Choice (B)
 A = (15, 0) and B =  0, 15  34. Let the coordinates of a point P in R and R be (x, y) and
 2 (X, Y) respectively. If the axes of R are rotated through 
(considered positive in the anticlockwise direction), then
 Length of intercept between the axes = distance
X = x cos  + y sin and
between AB
Y = – x sin  + y cos 
15 2  15 2
2 5 Given: (x, y) = (– 2 2 , 5 2 ) and  = – 45°
= = 15
2 4 (  rotation is clockwise, So ‘’ is negative)
 (X, Y) = (– 7, 3). Choice (A)
15
= 5 Choice (D)
2 35. Given: (, ) = (– 1, 1) and f(x, y) = 2x2 – xy + y2 – 4x + 7y – 5 = 0
The transformed equation is f (X + , Y + ) = f(X – 1),
30. The given lines are (Y+1) = 0
3x + 4ky + 6 = 0 2(X – 1)2 – (X – 1) (Y + 1) + (Y + 1)2 – 4(X –1) + 7(Y + 1) – 5 = 0
kx  3y + 9 = 0 2X2 – XY + Y2 – 9X + 10Y + 10 = 0
Solving these two equations, Choice (A)
 36k  18 6k  27 
We get, 
  9  4k 2
,
  
9  4k 2   Solutions for questions 36 to 40:
Since, the point is in the second quadrant, x < 0, y > 0 36. From statement , the equation of the line AB is 4x + 3y = 12.
When y = 0, x = 3
 36k  18  0; 6k  27  0

 9  4k
2
 2

 9  4k  When x = 0, y = 4
So, OA = 3 and OB = 4
36k + 18 > 0 and 6k  27 < 0 The area of ΔAOB = 1/2 x OA x OB
1 9 = 1/2 x 3  4 = 6 sq. units
k> k<
2 2 So, statement  alone is sufficient.
1 9 From statement , the midpoint of the line segment AB
 <k<
2 2 is  3 , 2 
 The integral values that k can take are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. 2 
Hence, 5 integral values of k satisfy the equation. Let A(a, 0) and B (0, b)
Ans: (5)
a  0 0  b 3 
 ,    , 2
31. Given line is 3x + 4y  9 = 0  (1)  2 2   2 
Any line parallel to equation (1) has the form 3x + 4y + k = 0.  a = 3 and b = 4
Let the other line be 3x + 4y + k1 = 0  (2) The area of ΔAOB = 1/2 |a b|
3 = 1/2 x 3 x 4 = 6 sq. units.
Distance between the lines (1) and (2) is units (given)
10 So statement  alone is sufficient.
k9 Hence, either of the statements alone is sufficient to answer
3
  the question.
32  42 10 Choice (B)
k9 3  k9  3
  37. As OA = OB = OC, the shaded region is a semi-circle.
5 10 2 From statement I alone, AB = 10
3 3  OA = OB = 5
k+9= or k + 9 = i.e. the radius of the circle is 5 units.
2 2
The area of the shaded portion is
3 3
k=  9 or k = 9
2 2 r 2 (5)2 25
 15 21   sq. units.
k= or k = 2 2 2
2 2 So statement  alone is sufficient.
15 From statement  alone, the area of ΔABC is 25 sq. units.
 Equation of the required line is 3x + 4y   0 or
2  1/2  AB  OC = 25
21 1
3x + 4y  0  x (OA  OB ) x OC  25
2 2
i.e., 6x + 8y  15 = 0 or 6x + 8y  21 = 0  (OA + OA) x OA = 50 (∵ OA = OB = OC)
Choice (D)  2 x OA2 = 50  OA = 5
i.e. the radius of the circle is 5 units.
32. Here, x – intercept (a) = 3
r 2
y – intercept (b) = –2  The area of the semi circle is
 Equation of the required line is 2
x y (5)2 25
 1 =  sq. units.
a b 2 2
So statement  alone is sufficient.
Hence, either of the statements alone is sufficient to answer = sin25° + cos (90° + 25°)
the question. Choice (B) = sin25° – sin25° = 0 Choice (A)
38. Let C be the centre of the circle. 3. sin is positive

From statement I, A (4, 0)  CA = CB = 4   belongs to  quadrant or  quadrant
So, the centre of the circle is (4,4) and its radius is 4 units. cos is negative
 the equation of the circle is (x  4)2 + (y  4)2 = 16   belongs to  quadrant or  quadrant
So, statement  alone is sufficient. Hence,  belongs to  quadrant
From statement , B (0, 4)  CB = CA. Choice (B)
So, the centre of the circle is (4, 4) and its radius is 4 units. 17
So, the equation of the circle is (x  4)2 + (y  4)2 = 16. 4. 8, 15 and 17 are Pythagorean numbers. So cosec = ;
8
Statement  alone is sufficient. Hence, either of the
8 15
statements alone is sufficient to answer the question. sin = ; cos =
Choice (B) 17 17
cos 15
39. Clearly, either of the statements alone is not sufficient to cot =  . Choice (C)
sin  8
answer the question. Combining both the statements, ΔABC
is an equilateral triangle and the vertex is A (3, 5), the mid
1
point of BC is D (5, 2). 5. sin cosec = sin =1 Choice (B)
sin 
A (3, 5)
6. Greatest side. The same can be proved using sine rule.
Choice (B)
7.

B D (5, 2) C C
So, the height of the ΔABC corresponding to the base BC is

2
AD = 64  9  73 .
 The side a of the ΔABC = 2 AD

3 A 1 B
[∵ h = 3 / 2 a]
Let ABC be the given triangle and AB = 1 unit,
a= 2 73 units
3 BC = 3 units and AC = 2 units.
3 2 3 4 73 Since, (1)2 +  3 2
= 4 = (2)2 i.e., AB2 + BC2 = AC2,
The area of ΔABC = a = x x 73 = sq. units ABC is a right-angled triangle.
4 4 3 3 BC
 sin A = = 3
Hence, both  and  together are sufficient to answer the AC 2
question. Choice (C)  A = 60°
 C = 90° – 60° = 30°
40. Clearly, either of the statements alone is not sufficient to
Hence, the angles of the triangle are 30°, 60° and 90°.
answer the question. Combining both  and , the equation
Choice (B)
of the line ‘ℓ’’ is, x = 3. The line x = 3 meets the x-axis at the
point (3, 0). Hence, both  and  together are sufficient to 8. sin = cos   = 45° (   is acute)
answer the question. Choice (C) 
Hence, the curves y = sin and y = cos meet at  =
4
Chapter – 7
Choice (C)
(Trigonometry)
9. sec4  + tan4  – 2 sec2  tan2 
= (sec2 )2 + (tan2 )2 – 2 sec2  tan2 
= (sec2  – tan2 )2 = (1)2 = 1 Ans : (1)
10. cosec4 θ+ cot4 θ–2 cosec2 θ cot2 θ= (cosec2 θ – cot2 θ)2
6 c
6 = 12 = 1 Ans : (1)
1. (i)   180 = 216° Choice (B)
5 5
     
11. sin cos  + cos  sin  = sin  
6 3 6 3 6 3

= 2
c
72° = 72 
(ii)
180 5
. Choice (A)
 sin A cos B  cos A sin B  sin( A  B)

2. (i) sin(270° – A) = –cos A Choice (C) = sin = 1. Choice (A)
2
(ii) sin (750°) = sin [2(360°) + 30°]
12. Given tan = cot = 1
1
= sin30° =  tan  = 1; cot = 1
2  
Choice (C) = and  =
4 4
(iii) sin25° + cos115°

2 +  = 2    +
13 5
25. sec θ =  cos θ =
4 4 5 13
  3 sin2θ + cos2 θ = 1
= + = Choice (A) 2
2 4 4  5  144
sin2 θ = 1    
13. cos is positive   belongs to I quadrant or IV quadrant.  13  169
As θ is acute, sinθ, cosθ, tanθ are all positive.
7 1
As  is not acute   Q4.  = (∵ cos = )
4 2 144 12
Hence, tan is negative. sin θ =  
169 13
7
 tan = tan = –1 Choice (B) 12
4
sin  13 12
tan θ =   .
14. We know that, sin2 + cos2 = 1 cos  5 5
 sin245° + cos245° = 1 Ans : (1) 13
Alternately, sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1 for all θ
15. sin30° + 3 tan60° – sec0° 2 2
 13  144  12 
1 1 5 tan2 θ =    1     .
=  3 3 1 = 2 Choice (D)  5  25  5 
2 2 2
As θ is acute, tan θ is positive
 2
16. For 0 <  < , sin < cos Choice (C) tan θ =   12  
12 . Choice (A)
4  5  5
2
17. Given, 3sin  = 2  sin  = 4 sin  4
3 26. tan θ = i.e., 
5 cos  5
sin 
3 is positive. ∴ sinθ and cosθ have the same sign.
cos 
If both sin θ and cos θ are positive, θ lies in Q1.
If both sin θ and cos θ are negative, θ lies in Q3.
θ lies in Q1 or Q3
2 Alternately, since tan θ is positive, θ lies in Q1 or Q3.

Choice (D)
27. The range of sin θ is [–1, 1].

Also  is in II quadrant. ∴ The range of 2sinθ is [–2, 2] Choice (D)
Hence, tan  = 2 Choice (A)
5 28. cotθ + tan θ = 2
1
 tan   2
18. Given, cosec  = – 2 and tan  = –1 tan 
  is in IV quadrant and  = 360° – 45° = 315° tan2 θ – 2tan θ + 1 = 0
 cos  = cos 315° = cos (360° – 45°)= cos 45° = 1 (tan θ – 1)2 = 0 i.e., tan θ = 1
2 sec2 θ = 1 + tan2 θ = 1 +12 =2
Choice (B)
sec θ =  2
19. We know that, 1 1
 cos θ =  Choice (C)
for 0   < , sin  < cos  sec  2
4
  29. cot θ is negative.
and for <   , sin  > cos  Choice (A)
4 2 tan θ is also negative (tan θ = 1 )( θ lies in Q or Q .)
2 4
20. Options A, B and C can’t be true (∵ sin and cos lie in the cot 
sin θ is positive. (θ lies in Q1 or Q2.)
range [–1, 1]). Choice (D) follows. Choice (D)
 θ lies in Q2. Choice (B)
21. Since –   x  , 30. sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 for all θ. Ans : (1)

sin x = 0  x = – or 0.
 The curve y = sin x meets the x-axis in two points viz Exercise – 7(a)
(–, 0) and (0, 0). Choice (B)
22. At any point that the graph of the function y = cosx meets the 1.  = 180°
x – axis, y = 0 i.e., cosx = 0.
 225° = 225    5
c
  Choice
When – π ≤ x ≤ π, cos x = 0 at x = or  180 4
2 2 (C)
There are two points. Ans : (2)
2. cos 28° + cos 65° + cos 115° + cos 240° + cos 208° + cos 300°
23. sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1 for all θ. Choice (A)  cos 28° + cos 65° – cos 65° – cos 60° – cos 28° + cos 60°
24. cosec2 θ – cot2 θ = 1 for all θ. Ans : (1) = 0. Ans : (0)
3π 3 12. (i) Given, sec + tan = m
3. radius = (180°) = 270° A minute hand covers 360° in
2 2 1 sin 
60 minutes   m
So, the time which it sweeps after covering 270° cos  cos 
270 Squaring on both the sides, we get
=  60 = 45 min
 (1  sin)  m2
2
360
 The clock shows 12:45 p.m. now. Choice (C) cos 
2
(1  sin )2
4. 13 sin = 12   m2
13 (1  sin 2 )
12 5
 sin = ; cos = ;
1  sin 
 m2  sin = m  1
2
13 13 12 
13 1  sin  m2  1
sec = ; 
5 2
 m2  1 
cosec  =
13 5 5  cos = 1  2  
2m
; cot =  m  1 m2  1
12 12  
12 Alternative solution:
and tan =
5 Given, sec + tan = m ---------- (1)
13 5 1
  sec – tan = --------(2)
cosec  cot  12 12 18 5 3 m

tan   sec 
=
12 13 = 25  12  10 Adding (1) and (2), we get

5 5 1 m2  1
2sec = m +  sec =
Choice (B) m 2m
 cos = 2m Choice (D)
5. 1 hour = 12 revolutions
m2  1
60 minutes = 12  2c
1 minute = 12  2  2
c
(ii) Given, cosec – cot = p
60 5 1 1
 cosec + cot = =
20 minutes =
2
( 20 ) = 8. Choice (A) cos ec   cot  p
5 Choice (D)
2
1  1  13. Given, a = 2, b = 3 3 and c = 7
6. 3cos2A = 
2  2 
cosC = a  b  c
2 2 2
1 1 2ab
3cos2A = 
2 2 = 4  27  49
1 223 3
2
cos A =
3  3
sec2A = 3. Ans : (3) = 18 = .
12 3 2
 1 1  1 1 3
  C = 150°.
7. 3     3    = 3  3  Ans : (150°)
2 2 2 4 4
14. Given, x = sec; and y = tan
= 3 1  3  = 3  = .
1 3
Choice (C)
 4 4 4 x 1 x 1
( x  1)  ( x  1)
  
x 1 x 1 x2  1
8. (1 + tan + sec) (1 + sec – tan) – 2 sec
= [(1 + sec) + tan] [(1 + sec) – tan] – 2 sec 2 2 2
= (1 + sec)2 – tan2 – 2sec =  = Choice (C)
x2  1 tan  y
= 1 + sec2 + 2sec – tan2 – 2sec
= 1 + (sec2 – tan2)
=1+1=2 Ans : (2)
15. sin  cos = 2
9. cos + cos2 = 1  cos = 1  cos2 = sin2 and It is possible only when  = 45
cos2 = (sin2)2 = sin4 tann  cotn = tann45  cotn45 = 1  1 = 2 Ans : (2)
 sin2 + sin4 = cos + cos2 = 1. Ans : (1)
16. Given: sin 12° sin 48° sin 54°
10. In the figure given, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
 A + C = 180° = B + D sin12  sin( 60   12 ) sin( 60   12 ) sin 54
=
 tanA = tan (180° C) = –tanC sin 72 
 tanB = tan (180°  D) = tanD (We know that sinA . sin(60° + A) sin(60° – A)
 tanA + tanB = (tanC + tanD) 1
 tanA + tanB + tanC = tanD  sin 3 A )
4
Given, tanA + tanB + tanC = 5  tanD = 5
 tanD = 5 Choice (D)  1  sin 3(12 ) sin 54 
=  
4 sin 72 
11. Given,  + = 180°
 sec = sec (180°  ) = sec  1  2 sin 36  cos 36  sin 72 1
 sec + sec = 0    =  Choice (B)
8 sin 72  8. sin 72 8
sec and sec are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
b
 sec + sec = 0 b=0 Choice (C) 17. If A + B = 45 then cot (A + B) = cot 45
a
cot A cot B  1  a2 = 13  a = 13 units
=1
cot B  cot A
Choice (C)
 cot A cot B – 1 = cot B + cot A
  1 = cot A + cot B – cot A cot B 22. (i) We note that this graph is above x-axis. So it takes the
2 = cot A (1 – cot B) – 1 (1 – cot B) form y = f x  . It resembles sinx as it passes through
2 = (cot A – 1) (1 – cot B)
Or (1 – cot A) (1 – cot B) = 2 
the origin. The function equals zero at x =
 (1 – cot 4) (1 – cot 41) (1 – cot 5) (1 – cot 40) - - - - - - 3
- - - - (1 – cot 22) (1 – cot 23) = 2P  The function resembles sin3x.
i.e. 219 = 2P  P = 19 Ans : (19) Also the maximum value of y is 2.
 The function y = 2 sin 3x is most appropriate.
18. 2 2 2  2 cos 2 = 2 2 2 (2 sin 2 ) Choice (D)
(ii) The graph represents that of x = cosy.

 2  2  2 sin  Choice (C)  
But x = 0 at y = and x = 1 at y =
4 2
19. (i) cos2   sin4  = sin4 + 1  sin2  The function x = –cos 2y best describes the graph.
Choice (B)
23.

 1  1 
2
  1
2 C
= (sin2 )2  2. sin2       +1 -  


2 2 
 2
2
 1 3
=  sin 2    
 2  4
When sin2 = 0 the expression is maximum
2
  1 3 1 3
Maximum value =    =  1
 2  4 4 4
450 600
1
When sin  =
2
the expression is minimum. A D B
2
3 3 Let the height of the lighthouse be h.
Minimum value = 0   Distance covered by the man in 5 minutes
4 4
= 25 m.
3  AD = 25 m
 The range =  , 1 Choice (A) AB – DB = 25 m
4  BC BC = 25 m

tan 45 0 tan 60 0
 
1 cos 2 x h h
(ii) sin2x  cos2x =  cos2x i.e.,   25  h 3  1  25 3
2 1 3
 3  1  253  3  .
1 3 cos 2 x
= 25 3 25 3
2  h= 
The above expression will take the maximum value if cos2x 3 1 2 2
1 3 cos 2x 1 3 Choice (A)
is  1 = =2 Choice (B)
2 2
24. Let the height of the flag post be x metres
300
In ACD, tan45° = 1 =  AD = 300 m
(iii) Min = – (3) 2  (-4)2 = – 5 AD B
Choice (A) 
xm

20. We know that, C
A
a b c
 
sin A sin B sin C 30°
3 5
  5
300 m
sin 30 sin C
 1 60°
5   45°
2 = 5 D
 sin C = A
3 6 B C
3
(300  x )
Choice (D) In DAB, tan60° = 3
300
 x = 300 ( 3  1) m = 219.6 m
21. We know that,
a2 = b2 + c2  2bc cosA  The height of the flag post is 219.6 m Ans : (219.6)
 a2 = 42 + 32  2  4  3  cos 60
25. Let the pole be at a distance of x m from the point A.
C
30° 60°
O
A  x   500 –x  B
2n 2  1
 cot = Choice (A)
n
28. A
75°
30 m
75°
B x C
In AOC, tan30° = 1 OC

3 x 30
tan75° =
In COB, x
tan 60° = 3 
OC 
 x = 30 cot75° = 30 2  3 
(500  x ) = 30 (2  1.732) = 30 (0268)
 x x = 8.04 m Ans: (8.04)
 (500  x) 3
3
29. T
 x = 1500  3x
 4x = 1500
 x = 375 m
 The pole is at a distance of 375 m from the point A
Ans: (375) P Q
26. Let the height of the tower be h metres. In ADC,

AD A
tan60° =
CD O
h
3 =  h = 3x
x
AD h S R
In ADB, tan30° =
BD
Let the side of the square be a. Let OT be the flagstaff
1 = h
4a = 240  a = 60.
3 1500  x 30° 60° Diagonalof PQRS 2a a 60
1500 + x = h 3 OP    
B 1500 C x D 2 2 2 2
= 3 x. 3 mts
OT
Tan ∠ OPT =
1500 + x = 3x  1500 = 2x OP
750 = x
60
 The height of the tower is 3 x = 750 3 m Tan 60° = OT 2  OT = 3  30 6
Choice (B) 60 2
Choice (B)
27. B
30.
C


D 60°
P A E
AC = CB 45°
AC AB 1 30°
In PAC, tan =   A B
AP 2AP 2n F
AB 1 Let D be the point up to which the man goes.
In PAB, tan ( + ) = 
AP n Let F be the point vertically below D which is in line with A,
the initial position of the man.
1
 tan  The man covers AD.
tan   tan  1 2n 1
    Let AD = x.
1  tan . tan  n 1 n AB = AF + FB = x cos 30° + DE = x cos 30° + CE cot 60° =
1 tan 
2n x 3 CE
1 1 1 1  1   =
  tan    2 tan    1  2  tan  2 3
2n n 2n 2n  2n 
x 3 CB  EB  x 3 40  DF 
7. Let us assume that ABC is right angled at A
    cosecA = cosec 90° = 1
2 3 2 3  log cosec 90° = log1 = 0.
 (log cosecA) (log cosecB) (log cosecC) = 0 Ans : (0)
x 3 40  x sin30
  8. Let AB and CD be the towers.
2 3 Given, AC = 600m
Also, AB = BC tan 45°, BC = 40. Let AB = h1 and CD = h2 D
x In ∆EAB,
40 
x 3 2 AB B
BC    40 tan30° =
2 3 AE
h
3x + 80 – x = 80 3  1 = 1
3 AE
2x = 80 ( 3 – 1) 30° 45°
AE = h1 3
x = 40 ( 3 – 1) Choice (C) A E C
In ∆ECD,
CD
Exercise – 7(b) tan45° =
EC
Solutions for questions 1 to 45: h
1 = 2 EC = h2.
EC
1. We know that, in 1 revolution the wheel makes an angle of 2.
AE h1 3 1
Given that in 1 minute (60 sec), the wheel makes  =
180 revolutions. EC h2 1
 In 5 sec the wheel makes 15 revolutions. h1 1
 The angle made by the wheel. = 15  2 = 30. =
h2 3
Choice (B)
 h1 : h2 = 1 : 3 Choice (A)
2. Given,  = 30°
cos2 . cosec3 − sec2 tan 9. Given, tan + cot = 3
= cos60° cosec90° − sec60° tan30°
sec2 + cosec2 = 1 + tan2 + 1 + cot2
1  1  3 4 = 2 + tan2 + cot2 = (tan + cot)2 = (3)2 = 9.
= (1) − 2   =
 . Choice (C) Ans : (9)
2  3 2 3
10. Given, cos + sec + cos2 + sec2 = 0
3. Given, ∆ABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle,  cos + sec + (cos + sec)2 − 2 cos sec = 0.
 If one of the angle is 90°, then the other two angles will be
(∵a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 − 2ab)
45° each.
 sin A + sin B + sin C = sin 90° + sin 45° + sin 45°  (cos + sec) + (cos + sec)2 − 2 = 0
Let, cos + sec = x
=1+ 1 + 1 =1+ 2 . Choice (A)  x + x2 − 2 = 0
2 2  x = – 2 or x = 1
 cos + sec = − 2 (or) cos + sec = 1
4. 1 + 8 sin2x2cos2x2 = 1 + 2 (2sinx2cosx2)2 But, cos + sec  2 (or)  − 2
= 1 + 2 sin2 2x2
Hence, cos + sec = − 2
= 1 + (1 – cos4x2) = 2 – cos4x2
 cos = sec = − 1
Minimum value is c – a2  b2 here, c = 2, a = 1, b = 0 =
 The required minimum value is 2 – 1 = 1. Ans : (1)  tan = tan = 0. Ans : (0)
sin 2  11. Given, cosec and cot are the roots of cx2 + bx + a = 0.
5. Given, tan  =
1  cos 2  b
 cosec + cot =
 c
1
substitute  = 22 c
2  cosec  cot = .

b
1 sin 45
Then, tan 22  a
2 1  cos 45 cosec . cot =
c
 1  (a + b)2 − (a − b)2 = 4ab

 2

 2 1 (cosec + cot)2 − (cosec − cot)2 = 4 cosec . cot
= 
 2 1 2 1 =
 = 1 = 2 1 b 2 − c 2 = 4a
 1  2 1
1   c2 b2 c
 2 
  b 4
 c 4 4a

 =
Hence, tan 22 1  b2c 2 c
2  1. Choice (B)
2  b − c = 4ab2c
4 4
 b4 = 4ab2c + c4. Choice (A)

6. cos20 cos40 cos80
1
We know that cosA cos(60° – A) cos(60° + A) = cos3A. 1  cos 2
4 12. Given, tan =
1  cos 2
cos20° cos(60 – 20°) cos(60° + 20°)
1 1 1 1o
= cos (3  20) = cos 60° = . Choice (D) Put  = 67
4 4 8 2
 [∵ a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab +b2]
 1 
1   sin2x + cos2x – sinx cosx = k – sinx cosx
 2 
1o 1  cos135   1 – sinx cosx = k – sinx cosx  k = 1
tan 67 °= =
2 1 cos135   1  Ans : (1)
1 
 2 

 cos x 1  sin x 
 sin x  cos x 1  sin x 
2 1  sin x  cosx =    cosx
 3  2 2  2 1
17. 
2 1
= Choice (D)  1  sin x cos x   1  sin x cos x 
 sin x sin x 

13. Given, 1 + sec + tan = p  cos 2 x  1  sin 2 x  2 sin x

=   cosx
sec + tan = p − 1 ------ (1)  (1  sin x ) cos x 
1
 sec  tan = ---- (2) 2  2 sin x
p 1 = =2 Ans : (2)
1  sin x
Adding (1) & (2), we get
2 sec = (p  1)  1 1  sin x 2
2
1  sin x
p 1 18. 
1  sin x 1  sin2 x
 sec = p  2p  2
2
1  sin x
=
2(p  1) cos x
2(p  1) = sec x – tan x Choice (A)
 cos = . Choice (B) 19. sin A = 1/3
p2  2p  2
tan B = 3/4
4 9 cos2A + 20 sec B
14. Given, 3 tan − 4 = 0, 3 tan = 4  tan =
3 8
= 9. + 20 . (–5/4)
4 5 9
sin = , cosec = ,
5 4 = 8 – 25 = –17 Ans : (–17)
3 5
cot = , sec = . 1
4 3 20. sin + = 2  sin = 1.
sin 
3 sec   2 cosec So sin 4 + cos 4 = 1 + 0 = 1
 Choice (D)
cot   5 sin 
5 5 21. We know that 17° + 28° = 45°
3   2   tan(17° + 28°) = tan45°
= 3 4
tan17  tan 28
3 4 = 1  tan17° + tan28° = 1 – tan17° tan28°
 5  1  tan17 tan 28
4 5
tan17° + tan28° + tan17°. tan28° = 1 Ans : (1)
515
5
2  30
= = 2 = . Choice (C) sin  cos  2
3  13  
4 13 22.
4 4 2 2 2
sin( + 45) = 1
 sin x 1   + 45 = 90
 cos x  1  = 45°
  cos x  sin x
15.
 1 1 sin x  sin2 – cos2  = (1/ 2 )2 – (1/ 2 )2 = 0 Ans : (0)
 cos x cos x 
1  cos x  23. (sin2 x)3 + (cos2 x)3 + 3 sin2 x cos2x .1
=  sin x
  sin x = (sin2x)3 + (cos2x)3 + 3 sin2x cos2x (sin2 x + cos2x)
 1  cos x sin x 
= (sin2x + cos2x)3 = 13 = 1 Ans : (1)
= sin x  cos x  1  2 cos x
2 2
[1  cos x] cos x sin x

2[1  cos x ] 24. 
= = 2. cos x  sin x sin x  cos x
[1  cos x ]
cos x sin x
Ans : (2)
cos 2 x  sin 2 x
2 2 =
16. Given, sin x

cos x = k – sinx cosx (  sin x  cos x )
1 cot x 1 tan x
(cos x  sin x ) (cos x  sin x )
=
sin 2 x cos 2 x (cos x  sin x )
 
cos x sin x = k – sinx cosx = sin x + cos x Choice (A)
1 1
sin x cos x
sin3 x cos3 x 25. Let a = 8, b = 10 and C = 45°
  = k – sinx cosx
sin x  cos x cos x  sin x 1
Area of ∆ABC = ab sinC
2
 sin x  cos x = k – sinx cosx
3 3
sin x  cos x 1
=  8  10  sin 45°
2
 (sin x  cos x ) (sin x  sin x cos x  cos x )
2 2
(sin x  cos x ) = 40 sq units.

= k – sinx cosx 2
Choice (A)
26. The given expression is 29 sin x + 7 cos x + 4.

The maximum value and minimum value are
4  29  7 = 4  6  10 and – 2
 The range of the given function is
 1  1 
  ,    ,  
 2  10 
Choice (D) Let AB be the lighthouse and C and D denote the positions
of the two ships.
27. We know that AM  GM CD = 80 m
4 tan 2 x  9 cot 2 x Since, ADB = 45°, AB = AD
  4 tan 2 x.9 cot 2 x  AC = AD + 80 = AB + 80
2
 4 tan2 x + 9 cot 2 x  12
AB
Now, tan 37° =
 The minimum value of the function is 12. AC
Ans : (12) 3 AB 3
  ( sin 37° = 06 = )
4 AB  80 5
28. We know AM (a, b)  GM (a, b)
 3AB + 3  80 = 4AB
AM  81cos x ,81sin x   GM  81cos x ,81sin x 
2 2 2 2
 AB = 240 m. Ans : (240)
   
cos 2 x sin2 x 35. Let E be the initial position of the aeroplane at an altitude of
81  81 2x 2x
 81cos  81sin 1.5 km and after 20 sec, let the position be at D.
2 E D
2 2x 2x sin2x
81cos x + 81sin 2 81cos = 18.
1.5
2 2
 The minimum value of 81cos x
+ 81sin x
is 18. It occurs 1.5 km
when cos2x = sin2x = 1/2 . Ans : (18)
30°
sin 2A 1  cos 2A 
15°
29. cos A
1  cos 2A sin A A B C
(2 sin A cos A ) (2 sin A ).cos A 2 In ∆ABE,
= . BE
(2 cos 2 A ) sin A tan30° = = 1 = 1.5
AB 3 AB
= 2sin2A Choice (D)
 AB = 1.5 3
30. acos  bsin = c
In ∆ACD,
 acos = c  b sin
CD
 a2cos2 = c2  b2 sin2   2bcsin tan15° =
 a2  a2sin2 = c2  b2 sin2  2bcsin AC
 (b2  a2)sin2  2bc sin  c2  a2 = 0 2− 3 =
1 .5
If sin1 and sin2 are the roots of this equation, then AC
2bc 1.5
The sum of the roots = sin1  sin2 = AC = = 1.5 (2 + 3 ) km
a2  b2 2 3
Choice (A) Now ED = BC = AC − AB
= 1.5 (2 + 3 ) − 1.5 3 = 3 km
31. log3(Sin2 + Cos2) = log31= 0. Similarly,
 The distance travelled by the aeroplane in 20 sec is
log5(Sin2 + Cos2) = 0
3 km
 The required value is 0. Ans : (0)
dis tan ce 3
 3  Speed = = kmph
32. When x = , ,... time 20
4 4 60  60
y is zero. 3  60  60
 = = 540 kmph. Ans : (540)
when x = 0, , , . . . . . 20
2
y is one. 36. Let the ladder be AC
In given choices,
only y = cos2x satisfies both conditions.
Choice (D)
C

33. When y = , x = − 1.
2 h
This condition is satisfied only by x = –sin y.
Choice (C)
75°
34. B A 3m B
h h
tan75° = 2+ 3 =
3 3
45° 37°
A D 80 m C

3 2 3 =h  EF = IH = EI tan 600
 The tip of the ladder is at a height of 3 ( 3  2) m from the
ground. Choice (D)
= 30 3  3   90
Ans : (90)
y y D
37. tan60° = 3  41.
x x A
x= y → (1)
3
y D
tan45° = 45° 60°
100  x
A 100 B C
100 + x = y  100  y G
 y (from (1))
3
 1 
100 = y  y  y 1   = 100
3 
 3 
B C
100 3 ( 3  1)
y= = 100 3 ( 3  1) Let G be the centroid and DG be the flagstaff.
3  1 ( 3  1) 2
DG 24
Tan ∠ DBG = i.e., TAN 30° =
y = 50[3 + 3 ] m. Choice (B) BG BG
38.
A BG = 24 3
BG = Distance between vertex B of the equilateral triangle
AND and the centroid G
The distance between any vertex of an equilateral triangle

a
45 and the centroid of the triangle is
3
B C
m
a
BG   24 3 ,
From the figure, AB + AC represents the height of the pole and 3
AC is the broken part of the pole. a = 72. Ans : (72)
tan 45 = AB/BC = AB/ 30( 2  1)
 AB = 30 m and cos 45 = BC/AC 42. 6((sin2x)3 + (cos2x)3) – 9((sin2x + cos2x)2 – 2sin2x cos2x)

1


30 2  1 
 AC = 30 2 ( 2  1)
= 6((sin2x + cos2x) 3 – 3sin2xcos2x (sin2x + cos2x)) – 9(1 –
2sin2x cox2x)
2 AC = 6 – 18sin2x cox2x – 9 + 18 sin2x cos2x = – 3
 Height of the pole = AB + AC = 30 m Ans : (30) Alternate Solution:
Put x = 90°,
39. Let BC represent the tower, 6 (1 + 0) – 9 (1 + 0) = –3 Ans : (–3)
AB the flag post and D be the A
point of observation. 43. sin2 (120° + ) + sin2 (120° – )
B = 1 – [cos2 (120° + ) – sin2 ( 120° – )]
Given CD = 180m
= 1 – { cos 240 cos 2 }(∵ cos2 A – sin2 B = cos (A + B) cos
From triangle BCD, tan30
(A – B))
= BC/CD
 BC 60 1
30 =1+ cos2 
 1  2
= 180   60 3m C 180 m D
1 3
 3 The required range = 1 
1
  ie  ,  Choice (C)
2 2 2
from  ACD, tan 60 = AC/CD
= (AB + BC) / CD
 3
cos(90  70)  sin 50 sin 70  sin 50
44. 
 AB + BC = 180 sin 20  cos(90  40) sin 20  sin 40
 AB = 180 3  60 3 2 sin 60  cos 10 
=
2 sin 30  cos 10 
= 60 3 3  1  120 3 m Choice (A)
 AB A B
 sin A  sin B  2 sin cos 
40. GH = 120
 2 2 
G
GI + IH = 120 3 /2
=  3 Choice (B)
EI tan 30° + EI tan 60° = 120 1/ 2
E 30° I
EI 60° 45. sin2(  45)  sin2(  15)  sin2(  15)
 EI 3  120 = sin2( – 45)° + (sin( + 15°) + sin( –15°)) (sin( + 15°) –
3 sin( – 15°))
 EI = 30 3 = sin2(  45)  (sin2. sin30)
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1  cos(90  2) 1 14. H {H[H[H(H(64, 32), 16), 8], 4], 2}
=  sin 2 = H {H[H[64, 8], 4], 2} = 2 Ans : (2)
2 2
1 1 1 1 15. L {L[L[L(L(1, 3), 6), 12], 24], 48}
=  sin 2  sin 2 = Choice (B)
2 2 2 2 = L {L[L[6, 12], 24], 48} = 48 Ans : (48)
Chapter – 8 Exercise – 8(a)

(Operator Based Questions)
1. We know that LCM of two distinct numbers is always greater
Solutions for questions 1 to 5: than HCF of the numbers.
 Choice (A) is false
1. 1  2 = (1)2 + (2)2 – 1 (2) = 3 Ans : (3) a $ b = (a  b)2  (a  b)2 = 4ab
Since a and b are positive a $ b > 0
2. 3 – 2 = sum of 3 and 2 = 5 Ans : (5)  Choice (B) is true
Consider (C)
3. Choice (D) is the sum of two squares. It has to be non- a  b  a $ b = a2  b2  (a  b)2  (a  b)2
negative. Choice (D) = a2  b2  4ab
When a = 10 and b = 1 then a2 – b2 + 4ab > 0. When
2 4 6 a = 1 and b = 10 then a2 – b2 + 4ab < 0. Choice (B)
4. (2  3)  (4  3) =   2
3 3 3 2. Let p and q be positive numbers, L, G be their respective
 Choice (B) gives an integer value. Choice (B) LCM and HCF.
LG=pq
ab  Since a  b and a % b are the LCM and HCF of the
 1
5.   is positive for any two real numbers a and b. numbers a3 and b3 respectively (a  b) (a % b) must be
2 divisible by a3 and b3.
Choice (C) Hence (a  b) (a % b) is also divisible by a2 and b2
Choice (B)
3. Given a = 9; b = 6
6. ae=a Choice (A)
 a + e + ae = a a % b = HCF of a3 and b3
 e (1 + a) = 0 = HCF of 93 and 63 = 33 = 27
 e = 0 (  a  – 1) Choice (A) a  b = LCM of a3 and b3
= LCM of 93 and 63 = 183
7. a2=0 a  b = a2  b2 = 92  62 = 45
 a + 2 + 2a = 0 a  b = (a  b)2  (a  b)2= 2(a2  b2)
 3a = – 2 = 2(92  62)
2 = 2 (117) = 234
a= Choice (D) (a % b)(a  b)  (a  b)(a  b)
3
27 (183)  45 (234) = 1, 46, 934
8. a1=a Choice (B)
a+1+a=a a $ b = (a  b)2  (a  b)2 = 4ab
a+1=0a=–1 Choice (B) 9 $ 6 = 4 (9) (6) = 216
9  6 = 234
Solutions for questions 9 to 12: a $ ba  b = 216 (234) = 6 is false
9. (a  b)  (d  c) Choice (C)
=dd=b Choice (C) a  b = a2 – b2 and a  b = 2 (a2 + b2)
a2 – b2 > 2 (a2 + b2) is false. Choice (A)
10. d2 = d  d = b
d3 = b  d = a Solutions for questions 4 to 6:
d4 = a  d = c 4. Given f(x, y) = 2x+y, g(x, y) = 2x-y
n=4 Choice (D)
x
p(x, y) = log2 xy, q(x, y) = log2  
11. c2 =cc=c y  
 c100 = c f(x, x) = 2x-x = 20 = 1
a=a g(x, x) = 2x-x = 20 = 1
a2 = a  a = b q(f(x, x), g(x, x)) = q(1, 1)
a3 = a2  a = b  a = d
a4 = a3  a = d  a = c = log2  1  = 0 Ans : (0)
Similarly a5, a6, a7, a8 are a, b, d, c respectively.  1
 a100 = c 5. f(3, 4) = 234 = 27
 c100  a100 = c  c = c Choice (C) g(4, 5) = 245 = 2-1 = 1/2
p(f(3, 4), g(4, 5)) = p(27, 1/2)
12. a  b  (c  d) = a  b  d 1
= (a  b)  d = d  d = b = log227. = log226 = 6 Ans : (6)
2
or a  (b  d) = a  a = b Choice (B)
6. p(5, 6) = log25 (6) = log230
q(6, 5) = log2  6 
5
 
13. H [L(4,18), L(12,18)] = H (36, 36) = 36 Ans : (36)
and p (5, 6) + q 6,5)
6 69  4 = 69  4  69 (4) = 211 Choice (A)
= log2 (30) + log = log2 36
5
Solutions for questions 13 and 14:
 f[g(5, 6), q(6, 5)]
= 2log236 = 36
13. Given $(x, y) = HCF (x, y), (x, y) = AM (x, y),
p(4, 5) = log2 (4) (5) = log220
q(5, 6) = log25/6  (x, y) = LCM (x, y), (x, y) = quotient when x is divided by y
 g[p(4, 5), q(5, 6)] 240  180
(240, 180) = AM(240, 180) = = 210
 p (4,5) – q (5, 6) = log2 20 – log2 5/6 2
20 ( 6) log 24 $((240,180), 70) = $(210, 70) = HCF(210, 70) = 70
= log2 = log2 24 =2 2 = 24
5 (70, 50) = LCM of (70, 50) = 350
(350, 90) = AM(350, 90)
f (p(5, 6), q(6, 5)) 36 3
 = = Ans : (1.5) 350  90
g(p( 4, 5), q(5, 6) 24 2 = = 220
2
Solutions for questions 7 and 8: (220, 10) = Quotient when 220 is divided by 10 = 22
Ans : (22)
7. C(10, 5) = (10  5)3 = 153
D(10, 5) = (10 – 5)3 = 53
A(10, 5) = (10  5)3  (10 – 5)3 = 153  53 14. When 0 < a, b, c, d < 1
AM > AMS > AMC
S(10, 5) = (10  5)3  (10 – 5)3 = 153  53
When a, b, c, d  1
C(10,5)  D(10,5) 153  53
 Given = AM  AMS  AMC
A(10,5)  S(10,5) 153  53  153  53 Option (A) is false when 1 < a, b, c, d.
3250 13 Option (B) is false when 1 < a, b, c, d.
=  Choice (A) Option (C) is false when 0 < a, b, c, d < 1. Choice (D)
2x3375 27
8. When x < y; (xy)3 < 0
So D(x, y) < 0 when x < y
Option (A) is not always true.
Similarly x < y; A(x, y) < S(x, y) ax  a x
15. f(x, x) =
Option (C) is not always true. 2
Given x and y are positive real numbers a x  a   x 
xy>0 g(x, x) = =0
2
 C(x, y) > 0 Choice (B)
 ax  a x 
 q(f(x, x), g(x,x)) = q  ,0 
Solutions for questions 9 and 10:  2 
 
9. Given x2  y2  2x  7y  9  ax  a x  0 
= loga  x  = loga1 = 0 Choice (D)
7  a  a x  0 
g = 1; f = ; c = 9  
2
= g2  ac = 1 1x9 = 8 xy 
 loga
xy

loga
xy  x  y 
2 a a
7 49 13 16. f(p(x, y), q(x, y)) =
= f 2  bc =    9 = 9 = 2
2 4 4
xy xy
Clearly 2 < 0; 2 > 0 
  2 < 2 x  y x  y ( x  y)
=   (1)
Choice (C) 2 ( x  y)
xy  xy 
loga  
13 19 loga x  y 
10. Option A, 2  2 = 8  = xy  
4 4
<0 a a
g(q(x, –y), p(x, y) =
13 45 2
Option B, 2  2 = (8) = >0 xy xy
4 4  ( x  y ) 2  ( x  y )2
Option C,  =  8 is not a real number = xy xy = = 2xy
2 2( x 2  y 2 ) x2  y2
Option D,  = 8  = 1314
(x  y)
 Choice (C)
= (x  y)
f (p( x, y ), q( x, y ))

Solutions for questions 11 and 12: g(q( x  y ), p( x, y )) 2xy
x2  y2
11. Given a  b = a  b
= (x  y) (x  y ) = (x  y)
2 22
Choice (A)
ab (x  y)
= a  b  ab 2xy 2xy
3
4ab
=ab
4 1 1
  a 6  a 4
17. f(6, 4) =
3 3 b a 2
Choice (B) a 6  a 4
g(6, 4) =
2
(3 ) (5 )
12. 3  5 = =5  a6  a4  a6  a4 
3  
((3  5)  7) = (5  7) = 5  7  35 = 23 p(f(6, 4), g(6, 4) = loga  2 
 a 6  a  4  (a 6  a  4 ) 
23 (9)  
(23  9) = = –69  2 
3
 a6  24. Consider
= loga  4  = logaa10 = 10 (15  6  9)  2 = 1377
a  (15  6)  9)  2 = 819
 
(15  6)  9)  2 = 16
6 (15  6)  9)  2 = 49
q(10, 4) = loga  10  4  = loga = loga  3  among these only 819 is divisible by 13. Choice (B)
 10  4  14 7
Choice (B) 3
25. 30  35  14  4
Solution for question 18: = 3 90  35  28  12
18. Given (x, y)  (z, w) = (xw + yz, xz  yw) = 3

125  16 = 5  4 = 1 Choice (C)
 (x, y)  (y, x) = (x2+ y2, 0) … (1)
(a1, b1)  (b1, a1)= (a12 + b12, 0) Exercise – 8(b)
and (a2, b2)  (b2, a2) = (a22 + b22, 0)
(p, q) = (a12 + b12, 0)  (a22 + b22, 0) Solutions for questions 1 to 3:
= [(0 + 0, (a12 + b12) (a22 + b22)  0)]
= [(0, (a12 + b12) (a22 + b22)] 1. 4 ~ 5 = HCF of 42 and 52 = 1
 p = 0 and q = (a12 + b12) (a22 + b22) (4 ~ 5)  6 = 1  6 = (1  6)2  4 (1) (6) = 25
We need the value of (p + q, pq) (pq, p + q) which is ((4 ~ 5)  6)  3 = 25  3
[(p + q)2 + p2q2 , 0] (from 1) = [q2, 0]. In all the options, the = (25  3)2  4(25) 3 = 784 Ans : (784)
second element is 0. We have to work out the first element
q2 = (a12+b12)2 (a22+b22)2 2. a % b = LCM of a2 and b2
Choice (C) = LCM of 52 and 62 = 900
a  b = (a  b)2  4ab= (5  6)2  4(5)6 = 1
Solutions for questions 19 and 20: a ~ b = HCF of a2 and b2 = HCF of 52 and 62 = 1
a  b = (a  b)2 + 4ab = (5  6)2 + 4(5)(6) =121
 From the above a  b = a ~ b
19. x  y = x2 + y2
Choice (B)
x  y = x4 – x2 y2 + y4 3. a and b are distinct integers.
(x  y) (x  y) = (x2 + y2) (x4 – x2 y2 + y4) = x6 + y6
a  b = (a  b)2  4ab = (a  b)2
a  b = (a  b)2  4ab = (a  b)2
x ∆ y = x6 + y6
When a > 0; b < 0 a  b > a  b
 x6  y6  Choice (B) is not false.
 (x  y)(x y) = 1 Choice (C) a % b = LCM of a2, b2
xy x6  y6
a  b = (a  b)2
Let a = 1; b = 2
20. x ∆ y = x6 + y6 and x  y = x4 – x2 y2 + y4  a % b = 4; a  b = 9
xy x6  y6 a % b < a  b Choice (C) is also not false.
  x2  y2 Since a and b are distinct integers HCF of a2, b2 is always
x x y y
4 2 2 4
x  x2y2  y4
4
less than LCM of a2, b2
x  x
a~b<a%b
2
 y2 x4  x2y2  y4 Choice (A) is false. Choice (A)
 2
 y2 = x  y
x4  x2y2  y4 Solution for question 4:
Choice (B) 4. (3  9)  28  7  24  10
= (27  28)  7  24 – 10 = 55  7  24 – 10
Solutions for questions 21and 22:
55 55
=  24 – 10 =  14 = 110 Choice (C)
21. h(x, y) = f(x, y) × g(x, y) = ax + y × ax – y = a2x 7 7
f x, y  a x  y Solutions for questions 5 to 7:
  a 2y
gx, y  a x  y
I(x, y) =
& (a, b) = a2  b3
$ (a, b) = a3  b2
hx, y  a 2x
  a 2x  y  = (ax – y)2 = (g(x, y))2  (a, b) = a3  b3
Ix, y  a 2y  (a, b) = a2  b2
Choice (A) 5. & (3, 6) = 32  63 = 207
 (3, 6) = 63  33 = 243
22. h(x, y) × I(x, y) = a2x × a2y = a2(x + y) = (ax + y)2 = (f(x, y))2.
$ (3, 6) = 33  62 =  9
Choice (D)
 (6,3) = 62  32 = 45
&(3,6)  (3,6) 207  243 36 2
Solutions for questions 23 to 25:  =  Choice
$(3,6)  ( 6,3)  9  45  54 3
23. ((9  7)  4)  29 = (34  4  29) (D)
= (34  12)  29
= (34  24)  3  29 6. &(a, b)  (a, b)
= 729 = a2  b3  a3  b3
which is a perfect cube. = a3  a2
The other 3 expression are not perfect cubes. When a is negative integer a3  a2  0
((9  7)  4)  29  Option (A) is not true
= (189  4)  29 $(a, b)  (a, b)
= 366  29 a3  b2  a2  b2 = a3  a2
= 3  366  29 = 1127 Then a is positive a3  a2 > 0
((9  7)  4)  29 = 435 Option (B) is not true
((9  7)  4)  29 = 4872 Choice (A) (a, b)  (a, b) = a2  b3  (a2  b2) =  b3  b2  (1)
(a, b)  (a, b) = a3  b2  (a3  b3) =  b2  b3  (2)
 (1) = (2). =db=b
Option (C) is always true. Choice (C) Evaluating the options, we see that
Choice (A) = c, Choice (B) = c, Choice (C) = b, Choice (D) = c
7. (0, 1) = 02  12 = 1  The given expression is equal to the expression in choice
(1, 1) = 13  (1)3 = 0 C. Choice (C)
$(0, 2) = 0  22 = 4
&(4, 2) = 16  8 = 24 Ans : (24) 15. b3 = (b  b)  b = a  b = b
 The minimum value of n = 3 Ans : (3)
8. Considering option (B), we get 16. From the table, a10 = a;
3  7 = 2(3) + 3(7) = 27 5c = c, 3b = b, d5 = d
((3  7)  9)  5 = (27  9)  5 (((a10  3b)  5c)  d5 = ((a  b)  c)  d)
3(12) (5 ) = (c  c)  d = a  d = a
=  4 (27)   5 = = 90 Choice (B) Evaluating the options, we see that
 9  2 Choice (A) = b, Choice (B) = a, Choice (C) = b, Choice (D)
=d
9. Considering option (C), we get
 The given expression is equal to the expression in
((a  b)  b)  ab)  b
choice (B). Choice (B)
3(2a  3b )b
((2a  3b)  b) =
2 Solutions for question 17:
 6ab  9b2 
  ab = 4( 6ab  9b )  5ab = 7ab  18b2
2
 17. Given (a, b)  (c, d) = (ab + cd, ab  cd)
 2  2
   (a, b)  (b, a) = (2ab, 0)
 (p1, q1)  (q1, p1) = (2 p1q1, 0)
(7ab  18b2)  b = 4(7ab  18b ) = 28a  72b
2
and (p2, q2)  (q2, p2) = (2 p2q2, 0)
b
 (x, y) = (2p1 q1, 0)  (2p2q2, 0) = (0, 0)
Choice (C)
10. Considering option (A), we get (x + y, xy)  (xy, x + y) = 2(x + y) xy, 0 = (0, 0)
Choice (B)
7198
((4  5)  7)  9)  8) =
5 Solutions for questions 18 to 20:
1436
((4  5)  7)  9)  8) = Without loss of generality let x < y < z.
7 f(x, y, z) = min(y, z, z) = y
((4  5)  7)  9)  8) = 16 g(x, y, z) = max(x, y, x) = y
((4  5)  7)  9)  8) = 304 Choice (C) h(x, y, z) = max(x, y, z) = z
k(x, y, z) = min(x, y, z) = x
Solutions for questions 11 to 13: j(x, y, z) = min(x, y, x) = x
i(x, y, z) = max(y, z, z) = z
11. When, x = 2.5; y = 1.5 As x < y < z,
f(x, y) = 12, g(x, y) = 13 k=j<f=g<h=i
f(x, y) < g(x, y)
Option (A) is false. f ( x, y, z )  g( x, y, z ) yy
18. (i) = <1
When, x = 2.5; y = 1.5 h( x, y, z )  j( x, y, z ) zx
f(x, y) = 12
f ( x, y, z )  k( x, y, z ) yx
h(x, y) = 11 (ii) = <1
f(x, y) > h(x, y) g( x, y, z )  i( x, y, z ) yz
Option (C) is false. h( x, y, z)  g( x, y, z) zy
When x and y are integers g(x, y) = h (x, y) (iii) = <1
k( x, y, z)  i( x, y, z) xz
When x and y are not integers
g(x, y) > h(x, y) ik zx
(iv)  > 1. Choice (D)
 Option (B) is always true. Choice (B) hg zy
1 1  k( x, y, z)  f ( x, y, z) x  y
12. When x = and y = 19. (i) = ≮0
3 3 h( x, y, z ) z
then g (x, y) = h(x, y) zy
h( x, y, z )  g( x, y, z )
So for option (A), the statement is not true. (ii) = ≮0
k( x, y, z )  j( x, y, z ) xx
1
When x = 2 and y = k( x, y, z)  g( x, y, z) xy
3 (iii) = <0
then g(x, y) = h(x, y) j( x, y, z)  f ( x, y, z) xy
So for option (B), the statement is not true. gi y z
(iv)  ≮0 Choice (C)
1 jf xy
When x = and y = 2
3
then g (x, y) = h (x, y) 20. If the function is undefined, then the denominator will be = 0.
So for option (C), the statement is not true. Among the options only option C equals 0.
Choice (D) Choice (C)
13. f(3.5, 7.9) = 7  16  12 = 35 Solutions for questions 21 to 23:

g(35, 8.2) = 105  25 = 130
h(130, 7) = 390  21 = 411 Ans : (411) 3 b3
21. a $ b = a a  b.
Solutions for questions 14 to 16: a3 b3
a  b = (a  b)
3 1 3 1
14. ((a  b)  c)  d)  3b 2$1=22 + 12 = 27  1
((b  c)  d)  (b  b  b) 23 1
and 2  1 = (2  1) = 37
= (a  d)  (d  b)
(2 $ 1)  (2  1) = 27  1  37 Choice (B)
4a 2 b 2
= =4 Ans : (4)
22. Consider option (B) a2 b2
3 b3 Solutions for questions 27 to 30:
ab>ba
3  23 1
a = 1; b = 2 we get 2 1 = 27 = <1 27. Let A = (8 ∪ 12) = 8  12  20   5
27 8  12 4
 a  b > 1 is false
Consider option (C) Let B = (15 ⊝ 1) = 15 + 1 – 15(1) = 1
Given a  b = a $ b A ∩ B = –5 ∩ 1 = 2 (  5)( 1)  5 Choice (A)
Let a = b 5  1 2
3 b3
= 2a a
3  a3
a  b = (a  b) a =1
28. Let A = 21  7 = 21 – 7 + 21(7) = 161
a3 b3 a3 b3
a$b=a b Let B = 12 ⊝ 8 = 12 + 8 – 12(8) = –76
3 3 3 3
= a a a  a a a = 1  1 = 2 A ∪ B = (161 ∪ –76) = 161  76 
85
aba$b 161   76  237
Consider option (A) Choice (B)
3 b3
ab=aa
3 b3 29. (5 ∇ 8) = (5 ∪ 8) (5 ∩ 8)
ab=ba
 5  8   2 5  8  80
a  b aa  b
3
a
3 a 3 b 3       
 =    5 8  5 8  3
a  b ba 3  b 3 b
(6 ∆ 3) = (6 ∪ 3) – (6 ∩ 3)
a 3 b 3
a 6  3 2  6  3 = –1
If a < b, a3  b3  0 and =    1  
63 63
b
a 3 b 3 80
a  80   1
(5 ∇ 8) ∪ (6 ∆ 3) =    ∪ (-1) = 3
Similarly if a > b,   1 83

b  3  80 77
 1
a 3 b 3 3
a
In both cases   1 Choice (C)
b
ab 30. Let A = 6  4 = 6 – 4 + 6(4) = 26
 >1abab Choice (A) Let B = 6 ⊝ 4 = 6 + 4 – 6(4) = –14
ab
A  B = (26) ∆ (–14)
23. Given a = 1, b = 2 = (26  –14) – (26  –14)
a  b = (a  b) a
3 b3
 26  14  2( 26 )  14
   
= (1  2) 123
= 3-7 =
1
>0  26  14  26 14
37 12 182 1829
which is true. = + 
40 3 30
3 3
a  b = a a b = 11-8 = 1
Let C = 8  7 = 8  7 = 15
It is also true. 87
3 b3 1
ab=ba = 21-8 =  (A  B )  C
27  1829 
a3 b3 a3 b3 1 2   ( 15 )
b =1 a$b=1ab  1829 
  15    30 
a$b=a = 
27 1829
 30   15
 Choice (C) is not true. Choice (C)
30
Solutions for questions 24 to 26: 54870
= Choice (A)
2279
24. (18 $ 24) = HCF(18, 24) = 6
(8 ↓ 7) = 82 – 72 = 15 Chapter – 9
(18 $ 24) → (8 ↓ 7) = 62 (152) (Statistics)
(6 ↑ 8) = 62 + 82 = 100
18$ 24  8  7 
62 15 2
9 Ans : (9)
68 100 Solutions for questions 1 to 20:
45  65 110
25. Let A = (41 ↓ 40) = 412 – 402 = 81 1. The mid value of the class 45 – 65 is  = 55
Let B = (9 ↑ 27) = 92 + 272 = 92 (10) 2 2
A $ B = HCF [81, 92 (10)] = 81  81 ← 9 = 812/92 Ans : (55)
 Given expression = 81  81 = 1 Ans : (1)
2. The size of the class 12 – 22 is 22 – 12 = 10. Ans : (10)
26. Let the given expression be E.
Let A = (a ↑ b) = (a2 + b2) 3a  3 b  3 c 3 a  b  c 
3. A.M (3a, 3b, 3c) = = =a+b+
Let B = (a ↓ b) = (a2 – b2) 3 3
A  B = (a2 + b2)2 – (a2 – b2)2 = 4a2 b2 c
(a → b) = a2 b2 Choice (B)
4. For a symmetric distribution, mean = median = mode.

Choice (C) al 4  48
 The required arithmetic mean = =  26
5. Mode = 3 median – 2 mean. Choice (C) 2 2
6. 1 occurs more frequently in the given data. So, the mode is 1. Choice (B)
Ans : (1)
2. Given, the first term and the common difference of an
7. Since no observation occurs more than once, the mode is ill arithmetic progression are 3 and 4 respectively.
defined. Choice (D)  15th term = a + 14d = 3 + 14(4) = 59
So, the arithmetic mean of the first 15 terms is
3
8. G.M. (a, b, c) = abc Choice (C) al 3  59
  31 Ans : (31)
2 2
9. G. M (5, 7, 5, 9) = 3 5  75  9 = 5  33 = 5  3 = 15
3 3
3. Given, the arithmetic mean of 17 observations is 20.
Ans : (15) So, the sum of the 17 observations is 20  17 = 340
Now, the observations 13 and 27 are discarded from the set.
ab So, the new sum is 340  (13 + 27) = 300
10. Given, A =  The arithmetic mean of the new set of observations is
2
300
G = ab  20 . Ans : (20)
15
2ab
and H =
ab 4. We know that, the sum of the cubes of the first ‘n, natural
 2ab  n2 n  12
 A.H. =  a  b    = ab = G2 numbers is
 Choice (D) 4
 2  a  b So, the required arithmetic mean is
11. Range = maximum value – minimum value = 82 – 8 = 74 n2 n  12
Ans : (74)
4 nn  12
= = Choice (C)
n 4
12. Range = maximum value – minimum value
 15 = 101 – minimum value 5. A.M.(a1 + b1, a2 + b2, ……, an + bn)
So, minimum value = 101 – 15 = 86 Ans : (86)
a  b  a2  b2  ..........  an  bn 
= 1 1
13. Q2 is equal to the median. Choice (B) n
=
a1  a 2  ........an  b1  b 2  ........bn 
 =A+B
Sum of the observatio ns n n
14. We know that, A.M. =
Number of the observatio ns Choice (B)
sum
So, 12 = 6. The multiples of 7 between 100 and 200 are 105, 112, 119,
15
….. , 196.
 The sum of the observations = 12  15 = 180 The above numbers are in arithmetic progression.,
Choice (A)
a  l 105  196
 The required arithmetic mean is 
2 2
15. We know that, on adding a constant value to each of the
given observation, the standard deviation remains unchanged. 301
=  150.5 Ans : (150.5)
 S.D (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) 2
= S.D (20, 30, 40, 50, 60) = S Choice (A)
7. Given the arithmetic mean of x1, x2, ….. xn is A.
ab x  x  ........  x n
16. We know that, Mean deviation (a, b) =  1 2  A
2 n
30  40  x1 + x2 + ……. + xn = nA ………..(1)
 M.D (30, 40) = =5 Ans : (5) Now, when xi is replaced by x1, the new sum is x1 + x2 + xi-1
2
+ xi+1……. + xn.
= (x1 + x2 + …… xi1 + xi + xi+1 + ……xn + x1  xi)
17. S.D (x1 + c, x2 + c, …., x3 + c)
= S.D (x1, x2, ….., x3) = S = nA + x1  xi
Hence, the arithmetic mean of the new series is
 Variance (x1 + c, x2 + c, …., xn + c) = S2 Choice (B)
nA  x1  x i
. Choice (B)
18. Given, range (x1, x2, …., xn) = R n
 range (x1 – 2, x2 – 2, …., xn – 2) = R Choice (C)
8. Given, the arithmetic mean of a set of 15 observations is 25.
19. A.M ((x1 + a, x2 + a, …., xn + a) So, the sum of the 15 observations is 15  25 = 375.
= A.M (x1, x2, …., xn) + a = A + a Choice (A) But, four observations 4, 12, 19 and 35 were misread as 1,
3, 8 and 13 respectively.
20. Given, the A.M. of the first ‘n’ natural numbers is 8. So, the actual sum of the observations is 375 + (4  1) + (12
n 1  3) + (19  8) + (35  13) = 420
 = 8  n = 15 Ans : (15) 420
2 Hence, the correct mean is  28 . Ans : (28)
15
Exercise – 9(a)
Solutions for questions 1 to 25: 9. Let the average of the remaining 40 observations be x .
Then, 120  20 = 80  20 + 40 x .
1. Arranging the given numbers in an increasing order, we get,
4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44 and 48 which is an  40 x = 2400  1600  40 x = 800
arithmetic progression.
 x = 20. Ans : (20)
9  6  2  8  3  6  15  7  5  7
10. We have, 45 = 32  5  =
10
245 = 5  72, 21 = 3  7 and 525 = 3  52  7
68
We know that, the G.M(x1, x2, …… xn)  6.8
1 10
= x1  x2  x3.......xn  Ans : (6.8)
n
 The G.M. (45, 245, 21, 525) 19. The standard deviation of the series will be 3.
1
(Standard result). Choice (D)
= 45  245  21  525
4
20. We know that when a constant term is subtracted from each

 
1
= 3  5 7
5 4 4 4 = 3  5  7 = 105. Choice (B) of the given observations, the standard deviation remains
unchanged.
 S.D.(101, 102, 103,………, 111)
11. Arranging the given numbers in increasing order, we get,
= S.D(1, 2, 3, ………, 11)
12.12344, 12.12345, 12.12346, 12.12346, 12.12349, (Subtracting 100 from each of the observations) = M
12.12355, 12.12382, 12, 12432, 12.13245, 12.15632 and Choice (A)
12.18932.
There are 11 values.
So, the median is the 6th observation which is 12.12355. 21. Let x1, x2, ….., x11 be the 11 observations and x be their
Ans : (12.12355) arithmetic mean
12. Median of the first 100 natural numbers is

50  51
 50.5 .

 xi  x 
2
= 275
 25 = 5 Ans : (5)
2 n 11
Ans : (50.5)
22. The arithmetic mean of the first 13 natural numbers
13. Arranging the given numbers other than ‘x’ in increasing order, 13  1
we get, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 23, 25, 25, 29 and 39. is 7 .
2
If x  11, then the median is 11.  The standard deviation of the first 13 natural numbers is
If x  14, then the median is 14.
If 11 < x < 14, then the median is x.
Hence, the range of the values of the median is [11, 14].
 
 xi  x
Choice (C)
n
62  52  42  32  22  12  02  12  22  32 
14. If each observation is divided by 4, the median of the new
set of observations will be one-fourth of the median of the 42  52  62
original set of observations. Hence, the median of the new 
13
100
set of observations is  25 . Choice (B)
4 182
=  14 Choice (C)
13
15. 7 is the most often occurring observation in the given data.
So, the mode of the data is 7. Ans : (7)
23. We have, A.M. =  i i
f x
16. On adding a constant value to each of the given f
observations, the range of the new set of observations 6  10  27 43
remains unchanged. =   4.3 Ans :
2  5 3 10
Hence, the required range is 50. Ans : (50)
(4.3)
17. Arranging the given numbers in increasing order, we get,
24. Let t1, t2 be the time taken by the man to cover the first
1, 4, 8, 12, 14, 15, 19, 23, 25, 32, 35.
100 km and the second 100 km respectively.
th
 n  1 100 100
 Q1 = size of   observation. Then, V1   t1 
 4  t1 V1
100 100
 11  1 
rd and V2   t2 
= size of   3  observatio n  8 t2 V2
 4  Now, let V be the average speed of the motor cycle for the
th entire journey.
n  1
 Q3 = size of 3   observation. Then, V 
200
 4  t1  t 2
th 200
  11  1  
= size of  3    9  observatio n  25  V  100 100
  4   
V1 V2
Q3  Q1 25  8
Hence, Q.D. =   8 .5 2
 V 
2 2
Choice (C) 1 1

V1 V2
100
18. A.M.(1, 4, 12, 18, 13, 16, 25, 3, 5, 3) =  10 . i.e. V is the harmonic mean of V1 and V2. Choice (C)
10
 Xi  M 25. Given yi = A.M.(xi, xi + 1, xi + 2) for 1  i  n  2
 The mean deviation =
n x  x2  x3
So, y1 = 1
3
 3y1 = x1 + x2 + x3
xn  2  xn 1  xn 48  52
yn-2 = = The average of 10th and 11th terms =  50
3 2
 3yn-2 = xn-2 + xn-1 + xn Ans : (50)
Also, yn  1 = A.M.(xn1. xn. x1)
 3yn1 = xn1 + xn + x1 8. Given,
and yn = A.M.(xn, x1, x2) The A.M. (a1, a2, …… an) = M and a1 < a2 < ……. < an
 3yn = xn + x1 + x2 Also bi = max{a1, a2,….. ai}
 3y1 + 3y2 + ……. + 3yn = (x1 + x2 + x3) + (x2 + x3 + x4) +  b1 = a1, b2 = a2, b3 = a3,………., bn = an
………. + (xn + x1 + x2)  A.M.(b1, b2 …….. bn) = the A.M.(a1, a2, ….. an) = M
 3(y1 + y2 + …… + yn) = 3(x1 + x2 + ….. + xn) Choice (B)
 y1 + y2 + …… + yn = x1 + x2 + ……. + xn
Hence, A.M.(y1, y2, …..yn) = A.M.(x1, x2, … xn) = M 9. Arranging the given values other than ‘x’ in increasing order,
Choice (B) we have 5, 12, 14, 15, 29, 23.
If x  14, then median is 14.
Exercise – 9(b) If x  15, then median is 15.
If 14 < x < 15, the median is x.
Solutions for questions 1 to 25: So, the range of the values of the median is [14, 15].
Choice (B)
1. We know that, the A.M.(x1, x2,…….. xn)
x  x  .......  x n 10. Increasing order of the given numbers is
= 1 2 1 2 13 12
n , ,1, 2, and .
 The A.M. (2, 12, 8, 16, 17, 18, 23, 40) 2 3 6 5
2  12  8  16  17  18  23  40 136 1 2
= = 17  The median is  1 .5 Ans : (1.5)
8 8 2
Choice (B)
11. If ‘2’ is subtracted from each of the given set of observations,
2. We know that, the arithmetic mean of first ‘n’ natural the median of the new set of observations reduces by 2.
Hence, the median of the new set of observations is 48.
n 1
numbers is . Ans : (48)
2
 The arithmetic mean of the first 100 natural numbers is 12. Given, the median of the given set of numbers is 15.
100  1 xy
 50.5 Ans:   15  x + y = 30
2 2
(50.5) If x = 15 and y = 15, then the mode of the given numbers is
3. Given, the A.M. of 22 observations is 25. 8, 14 and 15.
So, the sum of the 22 observations = 22  25 = 550 If x = 14 and y = 16, then the mode of the given numbers is 14.
After discarding the observations 23 and 47, the new sum is Hence, the mode of the given data cannot be determined
550  (23 + 47) = 480 uniquely. Choice (D)
480
Hence, the required mean = = 24 Choice (A) 13. We know that, the G.M.(x1, x2, …….. xn)
20
 The G.M.(1, 4, 42, …… 4101)
1
4. Given, the A.M.(x1, x2, ……., xn) = M
    102
1 101
4 2
101  102
=  4 
1  2  ..........  101 102
We know that, if the A.M. .(x1, x2, ……., xn) = A, then the A.M. = 4 2 =  2101
(ax1+ b, ax2 + b……., axn+ b) = aA + b  
 
 The A.M.  2x1  3 , 2x 2  3 ,.......... 2xn  3  Choice (A)
 5 5 5 
2 3 2M  3
= M  Choice (B) 14. We have, 75 = 3  52, 80 = 24  5, 144 = 24  32,
5 5 5 225 = 3 x 5 x 3 x 5 and 20 = 22 x 5
1
5. Given, the arithmetic mean of a set of 10 observations is 30.
 The G.M.(75, 80, 225, 20, 144) = (75. 80. 225. 20. 144) 5
So, the sum of the 10 observations is 10  30 = 300. But, the
 
1
observations 18, 12 and 21 were misread as 38, 6 and 22. 10 5 5
So, the actual sum of the observations = 2 .3 .5 5 = 22  3  5 = 60 Ans : (60)
= 300 + (18  38) + (12  6) + (21  22) = 285
285 15. We know that, the sum of the first ‘n’ even natural numbers
Hence, the actual mean is  28.5 . Choice (B)
10 is n(n + 1).
nn  1
Hence, the required arithmetic mean is  n 1
6. Given, the average wage of 40 employees is `2000 per n
month and the average wage of 60 employees is `3000 per Choice (B)
month. So, the average wage of the 100 employees per
month
16. We know that, the H.M. (x1, x2, …… xn)
n x n x 40  2000  60  3000
= 1 1 2 2 = n
n1  n2 100 = 1 1 1
260000   ........... 
=  ` 2600 Ans : (2600) x1 x 2 xn
100
n
7. Given, the 10th term is 48 and the common difference is 4.  The H.M.(1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28) = 1 1 1
So, the 11th term is 48 + 4 = 52   ........... 
x1 x 2 xn
 The arithmetic mean of the 20 terms of A.P. = the average
of the middle terms.
6 23. S.D. (7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 18)
= 6 = 3 Ans : (3) = S.D (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11)
1 1 1 1 1 1  56 
       Now, A.M. (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11)
1 2 4 7 14 28  28  11
=  1  S.D. (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11)
11
17. The first 20 prime numbers are
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59,
61, 67 and 71. =

 xi  x 2
, where x is the arithmetic mean.
n
29  31
 The median is  30 Ans : (30)
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 102 110 =
= = 10
18. Let x1, x2, ……x12 be the twelve numbers. 11 11
Then, (x1 9) + (x2  9) + ….. (x12  9) = 60 Choice (C)
Given,
 x1 + x2 + ……… x12 = 60 + 108 = 168 24. We have, sin179º = sin1º, sin178º = sin2º, ……. , sin91º
168 = sin89º
Hence, the A.M.(x1. x2…….. x12) =  14 Choice (A)
12  The increasing order of the values sin1º . sin2º, sin3º, …..
sin89º, sin90º, ….. sin179º is sin1º . sin179º . sin2º,
19. Since, each of the given observations is divided by 4, the sin178º…. sin90º.
100
range of the new observations is  25 . Ans : (25) There are 179 observations. So, the middle observation is
4 the 90th observation which is sin45º.
1
20. A.M. (12, 5, 9, 15, 31, 20, 4, 17, 22) Hence, the median of the series is sin45º i.e. .
√2
12  5  9  15  31 20  4  17  22 135 Choice (B)

= =  15
9 9
25. Arranging the given numbers in increasing order, we get
 xi  M
 The mean deviation = 2, 11, 12, 12, 17, 19, 23, 25, 32, 39, 52.
n th
 n 1
3  10  6  0  16  5  11 2  7 60 20  Q1 = Size of   observation.
=    4 
9 9 3
11 1
Choice (C) = size of = 3rd observation = 12
4
21. We know that the standard deviation of a set of observations th
 n 1
remains unchanged on adding or subtracting a constant from  Q3 = Size of 3   observation.
each of the observations.  4 
 The S.D.(x1  2, x2  2,…………………xn2) = 
= size of 3  11 1  = 9th observation = 32
Choice (A)  4 
22. The arithmetic mean of the first 11 natural numbers is
Q 3  Q1 32  12
11 1 Hence, Quartile Deviation = =  10
 6. 2 2
2
 
2
Ans : (10)
 The required variance =  xi  x
n
=
6 12  6  22  6  32  .........  6 112
11
25  16  9  .........  25 110
= =  10 Ans : (10)
11 11

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