Bayburt Üniversitesi İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi

Bayburt University Journal of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Sayı / Number 7, Eylül / September 2020

Political Sources of the Christian Civilization

HRİSTİYAN MEDENİYETİNİN SİYASİ KAYNAKLARI

Etem ÇALIK*

Makale Geliş Tarihi: 13.12.2019 Makale Kabul Tarihi: 05.08.2020

Özet: Hristiyanlık, M.S. 30 senesine doğru Filistin’de ortaya çıktı. Doğduğu bölge olan Yahudiye, Roma İmpa-
ratorluğu’na tabi bir krallıktı. Hristiyanlık İslâmiyet’in tersine, peygamberinin yaşadığı devrede yayılıp güçlenemedi.
Bunun sebebi, esas olarak Filistin’de hakim olan Museviliğin de çok Tanrılı bir din olmasıydı. Ayrıca, Musevilik
Yahudi etnisitesiyle bütünleşmişti. Bu sebeplerle Hristiyanlığın Museviliği asimile etmesi zordu. Hristiyanlığın
ortaya çıktığı sıralarda, Filistin’in tabi olduğu Roma İmparatorluğu güçlü bir devresindeydi. Avrupa, Asya ve
Afrika’ya yayılmış ve dünyanın en büyük gücü haline gelmişti. Bu devrede ortaya çıkan Hristiyanlık, Roma İmpara-
torluğunda hakim olan iktidar sahipleri için tehlikeli sayılabilecek mesajlar ihtiva ediyordu. Köleliği reddediyor, tek
Tanrıyı kabul ediyordu. Halbuki bu devrelerde Roma İmparatorluğu köleci ve çok tanrıcıydı. Ayrıca Roma İmparatorları
da son derece ahlâk dışı bir yaşantı içindeydiler.3.asırdan itibaren Roma İmparatorluğu’nda istikrarsızlık arttı.
İstikrarsızlık arttıkça Hristiyanlık da yayılmaya devam ediyordu. Bu yayılma önlenemez hale geldikten ve Roma İm-
paratorluğu topraklarında en yaygın din olduktan sonra ise, hakim otoriteye sadece bu dini meşru kabul etmek
kalmıştı, öyle de oldu. 313 yılında İmparator Flavius Valerius Constantinus (306-337) Milano Fermanı’yla genel
dinsel hoşgörü ilân etmişti. Hristiyanlık bundan sonra imparatorluktaki diğer dinleri baskılayacak ve 380 yılında
Büyük Theodosius tarafından resmî din ilân edilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hristiyanlık, Hristiyan Medeniyeti, Siyasi Kaynaklar, Roma İmparatorluğu, Musevilik
POLITICAL SOURCES OF THE CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION
Abstract: Christianity evolved in Palestine around 30 CE. Judea, where it was emerged was a kingdom subject
to Roman Empire. Contrary to Islam, Christianity could not expand and grow stronger in the area where its prophet
lived, since Judaism that dominant in Palestine was also a polytheistic one. Besides, Judaism was coalesced with Jew
ethnicity. Due to this facts it was hard for Christinaity to assimilate Judaism. During which the Christiany evolved
Roman Empire whose Palestine was a subject was in a strong term. İt was expanded in Europe, Asia and Africa and
became the most powerful rule in the world. Christianity, which was evolved in such an era embodied dispatches that
could be very dangerous fort he ruling government. It rejeceted slavery and acknowledged a sole god. However,
Roman Empire then was slavery favoured and monotheistic. Besides, Roman emperors had the uttermost immoral
way of life. By the 3rd Century instability n the empire was increased. As it was increased so was Christianity kept
spreading. When this could not have been prevented and became the most widespread religion in the empire, the only
thing was remained fort he authority to acknowledge this religion, as had been so. In 313 emperor Flavius Valerius
Constantine (306-337) had declared common religional indulgence through Edict of Milan. Afterwards Christianity
would suppress other religions within the empire and declared state religion by Theodosius the Great in 380.
Keywords: Christianity, Christian Civilization, Political Sources, Roman Empire, Judaism

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Hukuk Fakültesi, Malatya, etem.calik@inonu.edu.tr

____________________________________________________________________________________

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<RUGDP<D\ÕQODUÕøVWDQEXO-2008).
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