Answers to Further Questions

in GCSE Chemistry for You (5th Edition)

On the following pages we show the Answers and Mark Schemes for the Further Questions on The
Periodic Table.

The answers have been prepared by an Examiner using the mark schemes published by each Examination
Board.

For the Student:

⦁ It is very important that you are able to answer the questions on your own, using your own knowledge of
Chemistry.
So it is important that you have a go at the questions first, and then afterwards you can check your
answers using these pages.
If you get a question wrong, try to work out where you have made an error. Discuss it with your teacher if
you are not sure.

⦁ Be aware that in some answers the mark is for the idea in your own words (not necessarily the exact
words shown), whereas in other answers the number and unit must be exactly correct.

For the Teacher:

⦁ You will find these sheets useful when marking the students’ homework, or when going over the Further
Questions in class.
The Answer Sheet will also enable you to assess how much work is involved in answering the questions
when planning how much homework to set.

⦁ The PDFs are available for you to hand out to the students if you wish (perhaps as part of a Revision
Programme).
As with all mark schemes there may be alternative credit-worthy statements for qualitative answers (for
the idea) and this may need to be explained to your students. Quantitative answers, however, are generally
more prescriptive and your students may need to be encouraged to show the exact numerical value and the
appropriate unit.

Lawrie Ryan

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 pages 133–5  Further questions on The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table  mark for the idea that hydrogen and a
(b) (i) 1
hydroxide / alkaline solution are formed
1 (a) (i) 1 mark for any two from H, Cu, Ag; in the reaction.
(ii) 1 mark for each of two names hydrogen, 1 mark for:
copper or silver, to match the symbols both metals have 1 electron in their outer
given in part (i). ‘shell’.
(b) 1 mark for Group 0 or noble gases (ii) 1  mark for the idea that it has a more
(c) 1 mark for: so that the known elements violent reaction with water.
were better fitted into groups / for 1 mark for the idea that sodium loses its
elements that were not yet discovered to outer electron more easily.
fit in his table. 1 mark for explaining why (because
(d) 1 mark for atomic. its outer electron is further from the
(e) 1 mark each for: nucleus or the increased shielding
They react with water to give alkaline effect of more inner shells of electrons).
solutions; Total 7 marks
They form an ion with a 1+ charge;
They are metals. 7 (a) (i) 1 mark each for:
Total 9 marks forms hydrogen and an alkaline solution;
reacts explosively.
2 1 mark for C (X and Y). (ii) 1  mark for 30°C (plus or minus 5°C).
Total 1 mark (b) 1 mark for the idea that they all have one
electron in the outer shell.
3 1 mark for A (Group 1). Total 4 marks
Total 1 mark
8 
1 mark for A (all have same number of
4 (a) 1 mark for KCl. electrons in outer ‘shell’).
(b) 1 mark for the idea that both sodium and Total 1 mark
potassium have 1 electron in their outer
‘shell’. 9 
1 mark for B (G and J both have same number
Total 2 marks of electrons in outer ‘shell’).
Total 1 mark
5 (a) 1 mark for hydrogen.
(b) 1 mark each for any four of the following 10 1 mark each for:
ideas: (a) helium;
it floats; (b) neon or argon or krypton or xenon or
it fizzes; radon;
it melts forming a ball; (c) they all have 8 electrons in the outer
it moves around; shell.
it gets smaller and smaller. Total 3 marks
(c) (i) 1 mark for green.
(ii) 1 mark for each of the following ideas: 11 (a) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
sodium hydroxide is a ‘strong’; the first shell of 2 electrons fills up one
alkali. by one;
(iii) 1 mark for 13 or 14. followed, one by one, by the next shell of
(d) 1 mark each for: 8 electrons;
(i) potassium (or other metals below K in followed, one by one, by a third shell of
Group 1); 8 electrons.
(ii) any less reactive metal e.g. lithium, (b) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
magnesium, calcium, iron. the sodium atom loses one electron to
Total 11 marks become an ion;
the chlorine atom gains one electron to
6 (a) 1 mark for naming an element from Group 2 become an ion.
e.g. magnesium or calcium (because there Total 5 marks
are 2 electrons in the outer ‘shell’);
1 mark for magnesium – 2,8,2 or 12 (a) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
calcium – 2, 8, 8, 2. high density;
high melting point;
good electrical conductivity (allow variable
formulas).

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 Further questions on The Periodic Table  pages 135–6

(b) 1 mark for two of the following ideas: (d) Group 1 metals have lower melting points
they form coloured compounds; e.g. potassium melts when it reacts with
they can be used as catalysts; water.
they are malleable; (e) Transition metals are denser
they are ductile. e.g. iron sinks in water, lithium floats.
Total 5 marks (f) Group 1 compounds white, transition metal
compounds are coloured
13 Metal 1 mark each for: e.g. NaCl is white, CuSO4 is blue
it conducts electricity; (g) Group 1 form +1 ion, transition metals
it has a high melting point. from different charged ions
Non-metal 1 mark each for: e.g. Na+, Fe2+, Fe3+.
it is black (not shiny); Total 14 marks
it forms an acidic oxide.
Total 4 marks
Groups of non-metals
14 (a) 1 mark for atomic weight or relative 16 (a) 1 mark each for two of chlorine,
atomic mass. bromine, iodine, astatine.
(b) 1 mark for not all elements had been (b) 1 mark each for:
discovered. coloured;
1 mark for some elements were in groups toxic / poisonous / harmful.
with properties unlike themselves. Total 4 marks
OR 1 mark for properties actually depend
on the number of electrons / atomic 17 (a) 1 mark for each of the following:
number; (i) no reaction;
1 mark for not on atomic mass / weight. (ii) orange / yellow solution formed;
(c) Level marking: (iii) brown solution formed.
Level 1 (1–2 marks) (b) 1 mark for chlorine will be displaced /
A simple statement about an improvement, solution will turn pale-yellow / green.
e.g. leaving gaps for undiscovered Total 4 marks
elements, or reversing order of atomic
weights in some cases. 18 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
Level 2 (3–4 marks) they have similar chemical properties;
One or more statements about because they have the same number of
improvements and a reason for doing so, electrons in their outer ‘shell’;
e.g. leaving gaps so pattern of properties any other similarity e.g. exist as diatomic
was preserved. molecules.
Level 3 (5–6 marks) Total 3 marks
One or more statements about
improvements and a reason for doing so 19 (a) 2 marks for the following columns
and ties of elements in the gaps which completely correct (minus 1 mark for each
turned out to be correct. mistake up to a maximum of two).
Within the levels, award the mark on a
combination of how close the answer is fluorine 9 −210
to the next level, and quality of written chlorine 17 −101
communication.
bromine 35 −7
(d) 1 mark for atomic number.
Total 10 marks iodine 53 114
At
15 In each case, 1 mark for the comparison and
1 mark for any example – the examples below (b) 1 mark for each of the following:
are only illustrations of possible examples. a y-axis scale from −250 to +250°C filling
(a) Transition metals harder graph paper vertically and an x-axis scale
e.g. sodium can be cut with a knife, iron from 0 to 100 (proton number) filling
can’t. graph paper horizontally;
(b) Group 1 metals more reactive all points correctly plotted;
e.g. sodium reacts with water, copper smooth curve drawn;
doesn’t. reasonable extrapolation of curve drawn;
(c) Transition metals stronger value for astatine read off correctly
e.g. iron used in construction. (175 – 225°C).

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 page 137  Further questions on The Periodic Table

(c) 1 mark each for: 1 mark for weak forces between molecules
(i) 7 (weak inter-molecular forces scores both of
(ii) At2 the last 2 marks).
(iii) 1− Total 6 marks
(d) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
it has the highest number of ‘electron 23 (a) 1 mark for covalent.
shells’; (b) 1 mark for a shared pair of electrons;
therefore it is less likely to accept 1 mark for 6 other electrons round each
electrons; atom.
because its outer shell is furthest from the (c) I2 + Cl2 → 2 ICl
nucleus. 1 mark for correct formulae;
Total 13 marks 1 mark for balancing if formulae are
correct.
20 (a) 1 mark for to fill light bulbs (or in inert (d) ICl + Cl2 → ICl3
welding). (e) 1 mark for small molecules;
(b) 1 mark for helium/ neon / krypton / plus a 1 mark for weak forces between molecules
suitable use. (weak inter-molecular forces scores both
(c) 1 mark for krypton. marks).
(d) 1 mark for the number of protons in an Total 8 marks
atom.
Total 4 marks 24 (a) 1 mark for halogen vapours are toxic.
(b) 1 mark for Cl > Br > I.
21 (a) 1 mark for a shared pair of electrons; 1 mark for the idea that the order is
1 mark for 6 other electrons round each based on the amount of glowing in the
atom. reaction.
(b) 1 mark for 8 outer electrons/full outer (c) 1 mark for the idea of gaining electron;
shells/stable electron arrangement; 1 mark for the idea that one electron is
1 mark for no need to gain/lose/share gained;
electrons. 1 mark for the idea that an ion is formed;
(c) 1 mark for increase down the group. 1 mark for the charge on the ion being 1−.
Total 5 marks (d) 1 mark for the idea that atoms get larger
or have more shells going down the
22 (a) 1 mark for covalent. group.
(b) 1 mark for decrease down the group. 1 mark for the idea that the attraction
(c) 1 mark for some description of a level of between the nucleus and outer electron
reactivity between explosive in sunlight shell is weaker going down the group.
and reacts with difficulty on heating. 1 mark for the idea that an electron is less
(d) 1 mark for gas; easily gained going down the group.
1 mark for small molecules; Total 10 marks

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