CLE

 The Renewal of the Church

- The roman catholic church is not perfect
- The movement of the church is always Walking Together Going to-
 Renewals that Happened inside the Church
1. Reformation
- Martin Luther – Disobeyed and distanced himself to the doctrines of the
Church he gets stubborn and become unfaithful follower of Jesus
- Exposed the “Scandals” of the Church System
- Criticisms of the Church led to a movement called The Protestant
Reformation and brought changes in Religion and Politics
- Sola Scriptura – “Bible na Sapat na”
2. Council of Trent
- A clear and systematic response to the division caused by Martin Lutcher
in the Church
- Defend And Preserve the Truth About – Church Tradition, Pope as
leader, 7 Sacraments, Saints, Real presence of Jesus in Holy Mass, Mary as
Mother of God and Christ
3. Vatican I
- Pope Piux IX = Called the Universal church together towards this new
Council
- This council is considered to be the 20th Ecumenical Council
- December 8, 1869 – formal opening
- October 20, 1870 – End
- Pope Piux IX deals with modern issues such as Raionalism, Liberalism,
Materialism
4. Vatican II
- Pope John XXIII – Calls the universal church towards this council
- The 21st Ecumencial Council
- October 11, 1962 – Opened
- December 8, 1965 – End
- Was created to help apply the truths of Christ to Modern Day life
- Was able to publicized 16 documents that each intended to apply live the
faith and Evangelize
- Evangelization – Proclaiming Maran Atha (Our Lord has Come!)
 Essential Dimensions of Faith
A. Creed – Doctrine, Personal Knowledge of Jesus as Christ, Conviction,
Head
B. Code – Morals, Commitment to follow God’s will, Action, Hand
C. Cult – Worship, Entrusting oneself into God’s hand, Trust, Heart
 - New Evangelization – Refers to how the church SHOULD EXECUTE
mission of Evangelization
- Encyclical Letter – a pastoral letter addressed by the pope to the whole
church
 9 Pastoral Priorities for the Renewal of the Church in the Philippines
1. Integral Faith Formation – Promotes to strengthen; Education towards
maturity in the faith, Human Development justice and peace in society, and
Making prayer as the heart of every activity of one’s labor
2. Empowerment of the Laity toward Social Transformation – Supports the
laity’s effort to make Church more effective
3. Active Participation of the Poor in the Church – We must be with the poor
in defending their rights and fight with them against discrimination
4. Family as Focal Point of Evangelization – “Ang Tahanan ang dapat
maging unang sisidlan ng salita ng Diyos”
5. Building and Participating of Participatory communities that make up
the Parish as a Community of Communities
6. Integral renewal of Clergy
7. Journeying with the Youth
8. Ecumenism and Inter-religious dialogue
9. Animation and formation for Mission “Ad Gentes”
 Jesus Makes God Present
- Sacrament – A saving symbolic act or visible sign, arising from the
ministry of Christ and continued by the Church
 Elements and Functions of Sacrament
A. Always Performed in the Name of Jesus Christ
B. It is the work of the Holy Spirit
C. It is a free gift of the Holy Spirit
D. The effect of sacrament can only be seen in the heart of the recipients who by
carrying out the ministry of God or lives in according to the preaching of the
God
o Functions:

Initiation: Healing: Service or Vocation:

Baptism, Confirmation Reconciliation Marriage
Eucharist Anointing of the Sick Holy Orders
- Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist lead us closer to Christ and
empower us to fulfil our mission
- Christ came with his “healing ministry” to save us from our sins and from
the many evils that flow from sin.
A. Sacrament of Baptism - is our entrance into the Church, we cant receive
the other sacraments without receiving this first.
B. Sacrament of Confirmation - is the perfection of Baptism, gives us the
grace to live our life as a Christian boldly
 C. Sacrament of Eucharist - is the only one of the 3 that we can receive, and
should receive, repeatedly
D. Sacrament of Holy Communion - we consume the Body and Blood of
Christ, unites us more closely to him and helps us grow in his grace
E. Sacrament of Reconciliation - bring out the restoring of our graced
relationships of love and friendship with God and with out neighbour
F. Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick - is the sacrament which through the
laying of hands, the prayer of faith, and the anointing with the blessed oil,
provides the sick with Christ’s healing grace of the Holy Spirit
G. Sacrament of Vocation - directly call the recipients to minister in Christ
to the need of others and of the Church itself
H. Sacrament of Holy Orders - through which the mission entrusted by Christ
to his Apostles continues to be exercised in the Church till the end of time
I. Sacrament of Marriage – is a saving symbolic art and life
J. Sacrament of Initiation - gives us new life but is destroyed because of the
sin
K. Sacrament of Healing - help us ask for forgiveness
 Jesus Gives us New Life
- Baptism – 2st step in Christian Initiation, the sacrament of faith that brings
us new life in Christ and forgiveness of sins

Baptism makes on Think of: Baptism truly means:

Water New life in Christ
Washing away original sin Through the cleansing power of the
water and spirit
Entry Into Church Building Incorporation into the Christian
Community
Babies Of adults and babies
Passive Reception Sacraments of the church’s faith
Clerical Ritual A personal prayer of those celebrating
the sacrament
Works Automatically Receiving the transforming grace of
Baptism
Once for all ritual A ritual calling for a life of Christian
discipleship
No active influencing power in ordinary Influencing our daily life by being the
life permanent source of sharing God’s
own life in Christ
Single past event A single event grounding the baptized
whole future life process
 Threefold Mission of Christ
A. Prophetic
- Announces the Good News
- Denounces what is wrong in society
- Calls for conversion
B. Kingly
- Serves the people without asking for anything in return
- Love is the motivation for service
C. Priestly
- Encouraging others to attend Masses and other religious activities
- Sharing Bible stories to little Children
 Glossary of Terms
- Trinity - is the central dogma of Christians that concerns the nature of God
which defines one God that coexists in three co-equal persons.
- Sacrament - is an effective sign of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted
to the Church
- Tangible Signs - are signs that can be perceived through senses.
- Evangelization - refer about her way of “preaching the Good News that the
Kingdom of God has arrived here and now.”
- Apostolate - the mission entrusted by Jesus and continued by the Apostles.
- Kerygma - a Greek term referring to the proclamation and teaching of the
Gospel.
- Diakonia - a Greek term referring to the witness of Christian living, serving
and loving others.
- Koinonia - a Greek term referring to the worship through sacraments and
the liturgy in the context of a community.
- Prophetic - one of the threefold missions of Christ that calls everyone for
conversion or change of heart.
- Kingly - one of the threefold missions of Christ that serves the people
without asking for anything in return.
- Priestly - is one of the threefold missions of Christ that shares Bible stories to
little children.
- Original Sin - is used by the Roman Catholic Church to distinguish the state
of sinfulness of humanity.
- See-Judge-Act - Roman Catholic Church’s method to get involved in the
experiences and beliefs of common people
- New Evangelization - refers to how the Church should carry out her
mission of Evangelization in the contemporary society.
- Primordial - means a person or thing exists since the beginning of time; it is
the character of Jesus being present from the beginning of time.
- Indulgence - is remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due
for sins after absolution.
- Creed - is a personal knowledge of Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior.
- Code - is a commitment to follow God’s will.
- Cult - is entrusting oneself into God’s hand.
- Encyclical Letter - is a pastoral letter addressed by the Pope to the whole
Church. This address generally address matters of faith or morals,
encourage a particular commemoration or pious devotion
 ENGLISH
 Bias and Prejudice
 Bias
- An unfair tendency to believe that some people/ideas are better than
others. It is an inclination or preference
- The action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an
unfair way
 Positive Bias/Attitude – When one is biased toward something, you tend
to think positively of it
 Negative Bias/Attitude – When one is biased against something, then you
lean negatively against it
 Prejudice
- A pre-judgement, an assumption or opinion without having adequate
knowledge about them
- Is an unjustified or incorrect attitude towards an individual based solely on
the individual membership of a social group
 Verbals
- Are form of a verb used as an adjective, adverb, and noun
 Gerunds – Always ends with “-ing”, a verb that functions as a noun
A. Subject – Always at the start of a sentence
 Ex. Gazing at the stars is Marco’s nightly habit
B. Direct Object – Ask the question “what”
 Ex. He likes comforting his friend
C. Subject Complement – Describes the subject, always after linking verbs
(Is, are, was, were)
 Ex. What i love the most is exploring the city
D. Appositive – Renames a noun and gives more info about it. Usually has a
coma (,)
 Ex. Keith, the most hardworking student, got a high grade
E. Object of the Preposition – Describes the preposition, always after
prepositions (in, on, by, up, etc.)
 Ex. I was interested in painting
 Infinitives – Always begins with “to, An infinitive phrase includes the
infinitive, plus any modifiers and complements
A. Noun – Can be Subject, Direct Object, or Predicate Nominative
a. Subject – Always at the start of the sentence
Ex. To dance is thrilling for me
b. Direct Object – Ask the question what
Ex. Lisa wants to sing
c. Predicate Nominative – Always next to a Linking Verb
Ex. Jay’s greatest aspiration was to climb Mount Mckinley
 B. Adjective – Ask the question “Who/What”
 Ex. The Best place to buy fruit is the grocery store.

C. Adverb – Ask the Question “How, When, Where, Why”

 Ex. She ran to avoid being late
 Participle – A form of a verb that can be used as an adjective or combined
with the verb to construct different verb tenses
A. Present Participle – adding –ing to the base form of a verb creates the
present participle. Always next to its subject
 Ex. The running athlete gets a trophy
B. Past Participle
a. Regular verbs: adding –ed to the base form
Ex. The dyed fabric should not be washed in hot water.
b. Irregular verbs: Endings may be –en, -t, -d, and –n
Ex. The broken records isn’t word keeping.
- Participial Phrase –is made up of a participle and its modifiers.
 Point of View
- Point of View – is determined by a narrator, that is, the person telling the
story.
- Biography – Uses 3rd Person POV
- Autobiography – Uses 1st Person POV
A. First Person POV
- The narrator talks about themselves
- I, me, my, mine, we, us, ours
B. Second Person POV
- The narrator talks to the reader directly
- Rarely used in fiction because it can difficult to do well
- You and Your
C. Third Person POV
- The Narrator Talks about other people
- Limited – The narrator is limited to one character
- Omniscient – The narrator tells the thoughts of more than one character.
The narrator is all-knowing (“Omni” – All “Scient” – Knowing)
- Objective – Narrator does not reveal any character’s thoughts or
feelings
 Communication Process and Giving Feedback
 Reasons for “Why can’t you give feedback?”
- I don’t know how to give feedback well
- Its not that important
- I don’t want to anger someone
- Its not my place to give feedback
 Communication Process
 - Communication – Process of sharing ideas, thoughts, and feelings
A. Sender – The initiator of the process, the one who sends the message
B. Encoding – Process of converting messages into communication symbols
or words
C. Channel – Is the medium, mean, manner, or method through which a
message is sent to its intended receiver
D. Decoding – Interpretation of the message
E. Receiver – The one who receives the message
- Feedback – Is a verbal or non-verbal response

Filipino
 Awit, Elehiya, at Iba pang Tulang Pandamdamin
 Mahatma Ghandi
- Isang dakilang guro, idealista, at praktikal
- Mahatma – Ibigsabihin ay “Dakilang Kaluluwa” o “Dakilang Nilalang”
- Hindi gumamit ng dahas
 Mga Tulang Pandamdamin
A. Awit/Dalitsuyo – May paksang nauukol sa matimyas na pagmamahal.
Halimbawa = “Kay Selya” ni Fransisco Baltazar
B. Pastoral/Dalitbukid – Layunin ay maglarawan ng tunay na buhay sa
bukid. Halimbawa = “Bahay Kubo” ni Victor S. Fernandez
C. Oda/Dalitpuri – Isang uri ng tulang lirikong may kaisipan at estilong higit
na dakila at marangal. Halimbawa = “Manggagawa” ni Jose Corazon De
Jesus
D. Dalit/Dalitsamba – isang maikling awit na pumupuri sa Diyos
E. Soneto/Dalitwari – tulang may labing-apat na taludtod. Karaniwang ang
unang walong taludtod ay nagpapahayag ng isang pangyayaring
nagwawakas sa isang malubhang suliranin
F. Elehiya/Dalitlumbay – Tulang may dalawang katangiang
pagkakailanlan. Ito ay isang tula ng pananangis at ang himig nito ay
matimpi at mapagmuni-muni
 Mga Elemento ng Elehiya
A. Tema – Ang kabuoang kaisipan
B. Tauhan – Mga taong kasangkot sa tula
C. Tagpuan – Lugar o panahon na pinangyarihan ng tula
D. Damdamin – Ang damdaming nakapaloob sa tula
E. Simbolismo – Gumagamit ng mga simbolismo upang ipahiwatig ang isang
kaisipan o ideya
F. Wikang Ginamit – Mapa Pormal o Standard na salita o Di Pormal na isang
karaniwang ginagamit na salita sa pang araw-araw na usapan
Kaugalian o Tradisyon – Nakikita ditto kung anong mayroong nakaugalian
 Parabula ng Alibughang Anak
 Israel
- Matatagpuan sa kanlurang Asya
- Republika ang kanilang pamahalaan
- Mayo 14, 1948 – idineklara ang kanilang kalayaan
- Jerusalem – Kabisera, tinatawag na Promised Land
- Judaismo – Relihiyon ng karamihan sa Israel
- May mataas na pagpapahalaga sa edukasyon
 Parabula
- Mula sa salitang griyego na parabole.
- Matandang salita na nangangahulugang pagtatabihin ang dalawang bagay
upang pagtularin
- Gumagamit ng pagtutulad at metapora upang bigyan diin ang kahulugan.
 Parabula ng Alibughang Anak
o Elder Spencer J. Condie
- Sa kanyang artikulo na “Malugod na Pagtanggap sa Alibughang Anak”. Ang
talinghaga nito ay malinaw na naglalarawan ng maraming iba’t ibang
disposisyon ng tao.
A. Bunso/Alibughang Anak – Makasarili na hindi iniisip ang sinuman kundi
ang kanyang sarili. Ngunit sa wakas matapos ang magulong pamumuhay
ay natuklsan niya sa kanyang sarili na ang kasamaan ay hindi kailanman
kaligayahan
B. Ama – Maaring siya ang pintasan ng ilan na masyado siyang
mapagpalayaw sa pagkakaloob ng hiling ng bunso. Ayaw niyang pilitin
ang kanyang anak na maging masunurin
C. Panganay – Tutol sa ginawa ng kanyang mapagpatawad na ama
 Mga Kataga o Pahayag sa Pagpapasidhi ng Damdamin
 Kaantasan ng Pang-uri
A. Lantay – Naglalarawan ito ng isa o payak na pangalan o panghalip
B. Pahambing – Ginagamit ito sa pagtutulad ng dalawang pangalan o
panghalip
a. Magkatulad – Magkapantay ang katangian ng pinaghahambing (ka-, ga-,
sing-, kasing-, magsing-, magkasing-
b. Di Magkatulad – Hindi pantay na paghahambing
c. Palamang – May katangiang nakahihigit sa pinaghahambingan. (higit,
mas, di-hamak, lalo)
d. Pasahol – May katangiang kulang o kapos sa pinaghahambingan. (di-
gaano, di-tulad, di-gasino, di-masyado)
C. Pasukdol – May isang katangian na namumukod tangi o nangingibabaw
 Pahayag sa pagpapasidhi ng Damdamin
- Sa pagpapahyag ay mahalagang maipakita ang damdaming nais bigyang
pansin o pangibabawin upang hift na maipahayag ang kaisipan o bagay na
nais maiparating
A. Sa Pamamagitan ng Pag-uulit ng Pang-uri:
Ex. Magandang-maganda ang tinig ng mga Pilipino kapag binibigkas ang
sariling wika
B. Paggamit ng panlaping napaka-, nag-, an, pagka-, at kay-, pinaka-, ka-
, -an upang mapasidhi ang pasukdol na katangian
Ex. Napakaganda ng wika nating mga Pilipino
C. Paggamit ng mga salitang gaya ng ubod, hari, sakdal, tunay, lubhang,
at walang at kasing.
Ex. Walang kasing sarap sa pandinig ang wikang Filipino
D. Pagpapasidhi ng anyo ng Pandiwa (Magpaka-, mag-, etc.)
E. Sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng mga pangungusap na walang paksa
a. Padamdam – Nagpapahayag ng matinding damdamin ang mga ito
b. Maikling Sambitla – Tinutukoy ay mga iisahin o dadalawahing pantig na
nagpapahayag ng matinding damdamin
 Sino ang Nagkaloob
 Tauhan
- Amang Hari
- Pitong Prinsesa
- Binata
- Lai Pari o Pulang Diwata
- Genie
 Buod
- Isang araw pinilit ng hari sumagot ang ikapitong prinsesa. Inutusan ang
alila para ilabas ang prinsesa at iwan ito sa gitna ng gubat. Pumayag ang
binata at sila’y naglakbay patungo sa silangan. Nakarating sila sa isang
siyudad. “Pakukuha mo ako ng konting inumin at ako’y mamamatay na sa
uhaw” sabi ng prinsesa. Pumasok ang binata sa palasyo at nakita niya.
Nakatakas ang dalawa mula sa palasyo ng genie dala-dala ang mahiwagang
tabla.Isinama ng binata ang diwata sa palasyo at nagkasundo ang dalawang
babae na tila magkapatid. Tinanong ng Diwata ang hari kung ano ang
dahilan ng kalungkutan nito. Nagyakap ang mag ama
 Uri ng Pang-Abay
- Pang Abay – mga salitang nagbibigay turing sa pandiwa, pang-uri, at
kapwa pang-abay
A. Pamanahon – Sumasagot sa tanong na kalian
B. Panlunan – Sumasagot sa tanong na Saan at Nasaan
C. Pamaraan – Sumasagot sa tanong na Paano
D. Pang Agam – Nag sasaad ng pag-aalinlangan
 E. Ingklitik – Ang mga dinadagdag sa pangungusap ay hindi kailangan, kahit
wala ito, pareho pa rin ang ibig sabihin nang pangungusap Man, kasi, sana,
nang, kaya, yata, etc.
F. Benepaktibo – Nagsasaad ng benepisyo, “para sa”
G. Kawsatibo – Nagsasaad ng dahilan ng pag kilos, “dahil sa”
H. Kondisyonal – Nagsasaad ng kondisyon
I. Panang Ayon – Nagsasaad ng pag sang ayon
J. Pananggi – Nagsasaad ng pagtanggi
K. Panggaano – Nagsasaad ng sukat o timbang

 Kayarian ng Salita
A. Payak – Salitang Ugat lamang
B. Maylapi – Binubuo ng salitang-ugat na may kasamang panlapi
a. Unlapi – Kinakabit sa unahan ng salita – asa = UMasa
b. Gitlapi – Kinakabit sa gitna ng salita – tapos - tINapos
c. Hulapi – Kinakabit sa dulo ng salita – usap - usapAN
d. Kabilaan – Kinakabit sa unahan at dulo ng salita – bait - KAbaitAN
e. Laguhan – Kinakabit sa unahan, gitna, at hulihan ng salita – sikap –
PINAGsUMikapAN
C. Inuulit – Inuulit ang kayarian ng salita kapag ang kabuoan o isa o higit
pang pantig sa dakong unahan ay inuulit
a. Inuulit na ganap – buong salitang ugat ang inuulit
b. Inuulit na Parsiyal – Isang pantig o bahagi lamang ng salita ang inuulit
c. Magkahalong ganap at Parsiyal – Buong salita at isang bahagi ng pantig
ang inuulit: Iilan-ilan tutulog-tulog
D. Tambalan – Ito ay binubuo ng dalawang salitang pinagsasama para
makabuo ng isang salita lamang.
a. Tambalang Di-Ganap – Kapag ang kahulugan ng salitang pinagtambal
ay nananatili
b. Tambalang Ganap – Kapag nakakabuo ng ibang kahulugan kaysa sa
kahulugan ng dalawang salitang pinag-sama
 Panandang Diskurso
- Nagpapakita ng pag-uugnayang namamagitan sa mga pangungusap
- Nagbibigay linaw at ayos sa pahayag
A. Naghuhudyat ng Pagkakasunod-sunod ng Pangyayari – Nang sumunod
na araw, sa dakong huli, pagkatapos
B. Naghuhudyat ng Pagkakabuo ng Diskurso:
a. Pagbabagong Lahad – Kung tutuosin, sa ibang salita, kung iisipin
b. Pagtitiyak – Kagaya ng, tulad ng
c. Paghahalimbawa – Halimbawa, sa pamamagitan
d. Paglalahat – Sa madaling sabi, bilang paglalahat
e. Pagbibigay Pokus – Pansinin na, Bigyang Pansin
 f. Pagkakasunod sunod ng Pangyayari – Ang sumunod, ang katapusan
C. Naghuhudyat ng Pananaw ng May Akda – Kung ako ang tatanungin, Sa
aking palagay, bagaman, Sa tingin ko, Kaya Lamang