ResearchGate Temperature Control of the Electrically Heated Oven Production System by Using Ziegler-Nichols Method Conference Paper-Noenber206 9.999 azure Daze UniversityISSN 1454 - 8003 Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Hydraulics and Pneumatics - HERVEX November 9-11, BaileGovora, Romania TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE ELECTRICALLY HEATED OVEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM BY USING ZIEGLER-NICHOLS METHOD Yusuf ALTUN', Ekrem BASER? * Duzce University, yusufaltun @ duzce.edu.tr ? Duzce University, ekrembaser@duzce.edu.tr Abstract: Nowadays, there are many control methods which are used to control the desired output of the any linear or nonlinear system. Some of them control the system exactly as expected, while others contro! the system by trial and error method. In this paper, the temperature of the electrically heated oven production system is controlled. The mathematical model of electrically heated oven is used to simulate the system. Ziegler-Nichols method which is most known control method in the literature is used in order to tune the PID controller coefficients. The Matlab/Simulink environment is used in order to simulate, a temperature control system. The results show that Ziegler-Nichols method gives good performance to control system, Keywords: Temperature control, oven, Ziegler-Nichols method 1. Introduction In many studies and industrial applications, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is used in order to control system for their simplicity. It is seen that PID controllers gives better performance when compared to P and PI controllers(1]. PID controllers are fast, practical and reliable [2]. Also PID controllers are the most used controller type in the literature because of their stability on controlling the system. There are a lot of control methods. Some of them are Ziegler-Nichols, Cohen-coon, Takahashi, Genetic Algorithm method, Particle Swarm Optimization and Fuzzy Logic control methods{3,4). There are many studies in literature about implementing one or more of these methods on a system. Due to the changeable performance characteristics of these algorithms according to the implemented system, it is not able to say that one of them is the best control method. Each one can be more successful from one system to another. Therefore, the studies on control methods keep going on. Electrically heated oven production system is used for many purposes. It is defined as thermally insulated chambers used for the heating, baking, cooking[5,6). There are many studies in the literature regarding with this system. The heater material of the oven is generally made from nickel or nickel chromium alloys. It is essential in electrically heated oven, but sometimes can be unsafe if its temperature isn’t properly controlled. Because, an electrically heated oven runs at different temperatures{7}.Because of the risk factor of heater material, the oven temperature need to be controlled correctly. The oven must turn off the power when pre-set temperature is reached, otherwise must turn on. Hence there is necessity to control the heating material power and oven temperature with control techniques. In this paper, the mathematical model of electrically heated oven production system is investigated, block diagram is created and simulation realized in Matlab/Simulink environment according to this mathematical model. The parameters of the system are specifically determined to this study. Ziegler-Nichols control method is implemented in order to control temperature of electrically heated oven. The simulation results show that Ziegler-Nichols method gives good performance. 4ISSN 1454 - 8003 Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Hydraulics and Pneumatics - HERVEX November 9-11, BaileGovora, Romania 2. Mathematical Model of Electrically Heated Oven Production System The mathematical model is derivated from the scheme of an electrically heated oven production system, as seen in Figure 1 —}—_—— insulation Og Product P Bs. te Power Supply Fig. 1. Electrically heated oven production system(s} TeiTy.T, sTatepresent ait temperature in the oven, product temperature, insulation material temperature and ambient temperature respectively. The heating power is called q, and the power into product and insulation are qy.a, The expressions of mathematical model of electrically heated oven system are shown below(8]. qz=ku () Qg = ka (Ts — To) @) a =k, (1, -T,) 3) a = Ka(T — Ta) (4) C;,Cy,C, fepresent the the heat capacity of oven, product and insulation respectively. aT sae = 4 Mg — % 6) ar, 6, GE = I ©) aT, Ce =~ 1) The Matlab/Simulink block diagram as shown in Figure 2 is created by using above equations. 42ISSN 1454 - 8003 Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Hydraulics and Pneumatics - HERVEX November 9-11, BaileGovora, Romania oft intzgrtor integra care Fig. 2. Electrically heated oven production system 3. Ziegler-Nichols Method Implementation to the Oven Production System The steps of the Ziegler-Nichols method are shown below. 1 The derivative and integrative gain are reduced to zero. 7 2. The proportional gain of the controller (K,) is increased from 0 to critical value (K.,). At this point the system reaches to the oscillation. Period of sustained oscillations (Tysc) is measured and (K.,) is noted 3. The controller gains is calculated by using expressions as shown in Table 1. TABLE 1: Ziegler-Nichols PID parameter calculation Controller Type Ky K, P Controller 05+ Ka = PI Controller 045 + Ky Toe [12 PID Controller 0.6 + Key Tose 2 Tose /8 In this study, the temperature of the product is observed while K, is increasing. When K,, value reached to the 43000 value, temperature of the product oscillates, as seen in Figure 3. The oscillations are regularly sustained and the amplitudes of them aren't changing with increasing time. At this point K., is equal to 43000 and T,<- is equal to 1.25. So, itis time to find the other parameters of controller by using expressions in Table 1 0.6 * K., = 0.6 * 43000 = 25800 = 0.625 = 0.15625 43 3) ©) (10)ISSN 1454 - 8003 Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Hydraulics and Pneumatics - HERVEX November 9-11, BaileGovora, Romania 18015 10.1 799) 1798s 17945 1 em 170 Fig. 3. Oscillation of the Product Temperature 0 3 0150S Time sn] Fig. 4. Controlled Temperature of Product Figure 4 represents the temperature of the product which in the electrically heated oven production system. In this study the temperature is tried to be controlled at 180°C. With the Ziegler-Nichols method, the overall time to convergence is about 4sn. 44ISSN 1454 - 8003 Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Hydraulics and Pneumatics - HERVEX November 9-11, BaileGovora, Romania Conclusions In this study, the Ziegler-Nichols control method is implemented to the model of electrically heated ‘oven production system in Matlab/Simulink software successfully.PID controllers provides the controllability and simplicity. Result of the controlled product temperature in this application indicates that, Ziegler-Nichols method is good in stability. System response to the control method is seen very quickly and the settling time of the system is only a few seconds. It can be said according to this study that, although there are many control methods developed after from Ziegler- Nichols control method, the Ziegler-Nichols method has quite good characteristics with regard to its performance. References [1] A.M. Neaca, “Comparison Between Different Techniques of Controlling the Temperature inside a Resistive Oven,” no. 107; [2] E.D. Bolat, “Real Time Temperature Control of Oven Using Matlab-SIMULINK,” in Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on Systems, Agios Nikolaos, Crete Island, Greece, 2007, pp. 424-429; [3] M. Tajudin, R. Adnan, N. Ishak, M. H. F. Rahiman, and H. Ismail, “Model reference input for an optimal PID tuning using PSO,” in Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, 2011, pp. 162-167; [4] M. Tajjudin, M. H. F. Rahiman, N. Ishak, R. Adnan, and H. Ismail, “Comparison between optimally: tuned PID with self-tuning PID for steam temperature regulation,” in Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS), 2012 4th Intemational Conference on, 2012, vol. 2, pp. 551-556; [5] A.A, Adogbeji O.V, A. O.l, and S. Olaoluwa, “Design, Constructionand Performance Evaluationot Low Cost Electric Baking Oven,” Innov. Syst. Des. Eng., vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 38-49, 2012; [6] H. Mistry, S. Dey, P. Bishnoi, and J. L. Castillo, "Modeling of transient natural convection heat transfer in electric ovens," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 26, no. 17, pp. 2448-2456, 2006; [7] M. A. Bregaw, “Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Residential and Commercial Energy Systems Residential and Commercial Energy Systems,” no. August, 2013; [8] E. Hendricks, O. Jannerup, and P. H. Sorensen, Linear systems control: deterministic and stochastic methods. Springer Science & Business Media, 2008. 45