A distinctive mark characteristics or thing that identified somebody such as a signature move -

signature

A document becomes a questioned document when - the document is under scritiny

A document becomes a standard document when it is being questioned as its originality,

authenticity, authorship, sources and guidelines - False

A document placed under scrutiny is a - Question Document

A Drivers license is considered as- Official document

A fraudulent signature in which there was no apparent attempt of simulation or limitation. Forger
does not try to copy a model but writes something resembling what we ordinarily call a signature
this kind o forgery is easily detected as fraudulent in view of the fact that it is widely different
from the genuine signature even in general appearance alone - spurious signature

A name or a mark that a person puts at the end of a document to attest that he is its author or
that he is ratified its contents - signature

A secretary using the signature of his/her attorney to sogn a document is Considered a forgery-
false

A signature is a word most practiced by many people and therefore most fluently written- true

A signatur is not a means to identify a person and have great personal significance- false

A signature is the only word the illiterate can write with confidence- true

A signature that is executed while the writers hand is steadied in any way- Guided Signature

a technique under simulated with the model before the forger who works directly with ink Works
directly with ink- direct

A technique under simulated with the model before the forgery who works with pencil and
afterwards cover the pencil with strokes of ink- indirect

A term used by someone document examiners and attorneys to characterize known material-
exemplar

a theory under the theory of comparison where we compare ourselves to othwr person who has
lower lower Standard of living than we are- Downward Comparison
A theory under the theor of comparison where we compare ourselves to other person who has
higher Standard of living than we are- Upward Comparison

A trunk of a tree with the word "I love you"- is considered a document. This statement is.- True

A type of pen pressure mostly consiidered as an indication of forgery- Heavy pressure

A type of writing chacateristics usually seen on a paper without guidelines- slope

After sometime ana decides to sell the piainting and told the buyers that it was original Ana’s
action is considered a forgery- true

Also called copybook form- formal

An attempt to make a fradulent copy of money is called- forgery

an example of a public document is- NBI clearance

27. An example of this receipts that we get from malls or convenience store- commercial
document

An official document is also considered as a public document this statement is - true

Ana copied an infamous painting and hang it on the wall. Ana's action is considered a forgery
-false

Ana, forging the signature of pedro works with pencil and then cover it with a ballpen this
technique is called- Indirect Technique

Any fraudulent signature which was executed by actually genuine signature with a writing
instrument- Traced forgery

Any instrument defined and regulated by the code of Commerce- Commercial document

Any instruments authorized by a notary public or component public official with solemnities
required by the law- Public document

Any material contains marks, signs or symbols which are visible partially or invisible that may
presently or ultimately convey a meaning or message to someone- Document

are condensed and compact set of authentic specimens which if adequate and proper should
contain a cross section of the material known source- Standard document
Are ending strokes on letters and word- Termin strokes

Birth certificate, death certificate and marriage certificate are examples of- Official Document

Considered as a common characteristic when it conforms to the ordinary copy book form -
Lateral spacing

Contract signing on a work must be signed with- Formal signature

Copying an art for you to display on your house is a forgery- False

due to lack of machine like precision of the human hands, it is also caused by the external factor
as the writing instrument, writing instrument etc- natural variation

every deed or instrument executed by a privage person with the Intervention of public notary-
Private document

Every deed or instrument executed by a person without the intervention of a public notary-
Public document

For the mail carrier, deliver or the autograph collector- careless scribble

Forger used a carbon paper- Indirect Tracing

Gap between strokes due to speed in writing and defective writing instruments- hiatus

Hesitation is an Indication of non genuineness- yes

Is a fraudlent signature which was executed purely by simulation rather than by tracing the
outline of a genuine signature- Simulated of freehand limitation forgery

Is a genuine signature that has been used to prepare an imitated or fraced forgery - Model
signature

is a purposefull attempt to make a Fraudulent copy of something- forgery

It is an angle or inclination of the axis of letters relative to baseline- slope

It is an interruption in a stroke caused by removing the pen from the paper- penlift

It is the average force in which the pen makes contact with the paper- pen
pressure
It is the balanced quality of movements of the harmonious recurrence of stress or impulse -
rythm

It is the widening of the ink strokes with increase pressure on the paper surface- shading

It refers to the freehand drawing in Imitation of a model signature- simuated of freehand

limitation foregery

Legally, forgery requires the element of intent to defraud- true

Mang kanor an actor giving autograph to his fans using his- careless scribbe signature

Material compiled and organized by the document examiner to assist him in answering special
questions- Referrence collection

Means deviation from uniform strokes due ro lack of smoothness perfectly apparent without
magnification- tremor

Mr. Tarub a forger of 20 years have already mastered and needed Mastered and needed only
some practice Simulated freehand forgery

Not all non authentic signatures are signed with the intent to defraud- true

One in which the person assisting provides help to a lesser degree, only to the point of
steadying a tremolous arm or hand wothout actually directing the movement of the witing
instrument- assisted hand

Pedro a forger makes a copy of money without the intention of using it to buy things. pedro's
action is considered a forgery- false

Pedro doesnt have background on how to forced a signature, What class of signature would he
use- simulated with the model before the forgery

Questioned documents may be disputed or not- true

Recipents from supermarkets are considered as - Commercial document

Refers to completely involuntary. Incapability of motor activity and signatory may be conscious
or even unconscious- innert hand

Refers to the shape or the design of each letter- form

Refers to the visible record in the written stroke of the basic movement and manner of holding
the writing instrument- line quality
Signatory is forced to write against his will by threars constraints and the like- Force hand

Simplification of forms is an indication of non genuineness- no

Situation is one which the person providing the guidance usually dominates the writing process
and provides greater portion of control- Guided hand

Smooth, rapid, nonstop and freeflowing pen movement are some features of non genuine
writing- false

Some individuals very often used a stamped of their signature- Forgery by means of a
stamped

Synonymous with freehand forgery- imitated signsture

The act of setting two or more signsture in an inverted position to weight their identifying
significance, the reason being those we fail to sed under normal comparison may readily be
seen under this theory- Theory of COMPARISON

The beginning stroke of a letter or word - Initial stroke

The forgery makes an effort to obtain a reproduction of the model signature. He works slowly
strokes after strokes- simulated with the model before the forger

The name of a person written by him/her in a document as a sign of acknowledgement-

Signature

The relation between the tall and short letter is referred to as. - ratio

The relation of the parts of the whole line of writing or line of individual letters in words or
signature to a baseline-
Alignment

There must be a variation of pen pressure on a document for jt consider as a genuine

document- true

These are the features of Genuine writing except- penlift

These are not the features of Genuine writing except- Careful retouching

They also may be straight, curved or hooked, long or short and are consistent with writers-
Terminal strokes
This means simply the capital letter is proportionate on the small letters and vice versa-
Proportion

This refers to how massive or nanoscopic the writings to be examined- size

Thise refers to the strokes links that connect a letter with the one following- connecting stroke

Thoss things whose origin are known and can be proven and which can be legally used as
examples to compare with other material in question- Standard document

To identify a signature as genuine or immitation, known genuine signature of a person whose

signature is in question is not needed- false

To identify an unkwon writer, the examiner needs to know writing sample of suspects- true

Tracing is made by transmitted light- Direct tracing

Tremolous movement is considered as an indication of non genuineness- true

Upon receiving a parcel, what type of signature we must use- Careless scribble

Used by forgers who have a certain skill in writing. After some practive, the forger tried to write a
copy of the model quickly - Simulated freehand forgery

Usually for routine documents and personal correspondence- informal

We use this type of signature on documents that are less important- Informal signature

Disputed documment punag tatalunan na document

Question document also a disputed document but not all mga bago question document

Documment any material,symbol marks meaning

Standard meaning - comparing with other document mga old document (100% na original)

Reference collection - help them to solve a case,

Kinds of documents
1. Public document - mga galing sa gobyerno na document
Ex police clearance nbi clearance barangay clearance
Mga ninotario/natatakan

2. Official document - galing sa gobyerno

Nilalaman ay para lamang sayo lang
Exclusive ang laman
Ex birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate
All public document are public document
But not all

3. Private document
Ex planner gumawa ng planner, powerpoint those document na ginawa ng tao na walang pake
ang gobyerno

4. Commercial document

Characteristics of writing
Form - (font style)

Slant - (angle) forward slant back ward slant

Size - big or small of writing

Proportion - kung malaki ang forst letter

Ratio- tall and short letter pababa yung isa yung isa pataas, yung lake ng letters dapat tama

Connecting stroke - pinag coconnect ang mga letters dikit dikit na sulat red

Terminal stroke - mga excess orange

Mga di kailangan naman

initial troke Green mga unang line sa letter

Pen stop- pag diin sa unang sulat sa letter

Pen lift - mag kahiwalay ang dalawang letter
May gap
Hiatus - mabilis nag sulat genuine, dahil sa bilis ng pag sulat nawawala pagwala ng tinta

Lateral spacing - mga space sa bawat letter

Shading - lahat ng malabo pinatungan mo

Line quality - kung maayos ang sulat o hindi

Tremor - shaky ang sulat dahil may ginagaya sign na peke pero hindi lahat baka may sakit,
matanda na may pinatungan na libro atbp

Alignment- straight pababa o pataas

Ex. Papel na walang guide (bond paper) pataas o pababa,

Rhythm- tuloy tuloy sya sa pag sulat walang kinokonpya

Hal. Naka shoot ng sunod sunod ang salitaan ng lalake gamay na ang ring alam mk na yung
ginagawa mo ganun din sa pag susulat

Pen pressure - diin sa pag sulat

Heavy - not all heavy is peke but its a sign only
Medium
Light

Natural variation - dapat lahat ng pirma ng jsang tao pare parehas, (tatlong pirma)
Pero di lahat ng pirma medyo lang

Rubric or embelishment - caligraphy pa social

Lesson 3
Forgery -purposeful pag sinadyang gumawa ng kopya ng isang pirma o peace of art like
painting, namemeke ng pirma, pera, bago mag kaso kaylangan ay may intend to the fraud
(intention para manloko, ex: ginaya ang pera or pirma, ginaya ang painting para ibenta walang
niloko)

Indication of genuiness
- para malaaman kung geniune ay kelangan ng standard document 100% original

Feature of geniunie
- may rhythm, smooth
- sweeping misplace (
Indivation forgery

Nwxt

•Signature - a name of a person written by him/her in a document

A sign of acknowledgement

Name or mark of a person puts at the end of a document

Distinctive mark, signature move ( pagkakakilanlan ng tao, di naman tayo kasi pare parehas ng
signature)

•Source of signature
Guided signature- tinulungan ang isang taong pumirma

Inner hand - pag di makagalaw kahit konti tas tinulungan mo mag pirma 100% di makagalaw

Guided hands - medyo nagagalaw na ng konti pero ikaw parin ang gagalaw

Assisted hands - mas gumaling na di na ikaw nag eexert ng effort medyo may nginig pa pero
ikaw nalang humahawak pero syanang nag foforce

Force hand - pinilit pumirma

Imitated signature

Model signature - konikopyahan mo parnag standard document

Theory of comparison - upward and downward comparison

Upward - kinokompare yung mas angat satin ang tinitignan natin yung kakulangan natin

Downward - kinokompare ang sarili sa mas mabababa ex: blessings ni lord buti nalang ako
ganito ganyan

Reasons why
-
3 Types of signature
1. Formal - totoong pirma conventional

2. Informal - di masyadong importante gagawa bagong pirma

3. Careless scribble - pirmang star smiley face masabi lang na may pirma

Simulated or freehand i
- kumuha ng model na papel kumuba ng papel kinopya nag

-Same lang mas nag ingat lang

- kumokopya pero dahan dahan nag iingat
- nagppractice

Simulated free hand forgery

- titignan nya practice konti then okay na

Trace forgery
- tinrace
- ipapatong ang papel para makopya
- or with the used of carbon paper

Spurious signature
- may kasamang dasal pag pineke
- pipirmahan ng basta basta
- di talaga kinokopya yung pirma ng isang tao mema pirma lang
- easily detected kasi pag nakita mo yung standard or model document magkaiba talaga

Forgery by means as a stamped

- stamped of their signature
- ginamit ang stamped ng ibang tao