Department of Education

National Capital Region

Schools Division of Parañaque City
Self-Learning Modules
Mathematics 8 Quarter 4 Week 2

EXTERIOR ANGLE INEQUALITY THEOREM, TRIANGLE

INEQUALITY THEOREM, AND HINGE THEOREM

Learning Competency
The learner applies theorems on triangle inequalities. (M8GE-IVb-1)

Objective
The learner derives relationship among the sides and angles of a triangle
using measurement and by inductive reasoning.

Let’s Recall (Review)

Illustration,
A 𝒂+𝒃>𝒄
𝒂+𝒄>𝒃
c 𝒃+𝒄>𝒂
b

B C
a

Example: Determine which of the given lengths can be the sides of a triangle.
1. 11cm, 10cm, 8cm 2. 10cm, 6cm, 17cm

11 + 10 > 8 10 + 6 > 17
21 > 8 TRUE 16 > 17 FALSE

11 + 8 > 10 10 + 17 > 6
19 > 10 TRUE 27 > 6 TRUE

10 + 8 > 11 17 + 6 > 10
18 > 11 TRUE 23 > 10 TRUE

Hence, 11cm, 10cm, and 8cm can Hence, 10cm, 6cm, and 17cm
be the length of the sides of a cannot be the length of the sides of
triangle. a triangle.
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Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
In any triangle, the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than
the measure of either remote interior angles.

Triangle Inequality Theorem

In any triangle, the sum of the lengths of any two of its sides is greater than
the length of its third side.

Hinge Theorem
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but
the included angle of the first triangle is larger than the included triangle of the
second triangle, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of
the second triangle.

LET US COMPLETE THE TABLE:

With the given two triangles, complete the table according to the application of three
inequalities theorems.
A

8
4

D 41o 59o
B C
a

MEASURES
Name of 1st Remote 2nd Remote
triangle Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Side
Angle Angles Angle Angles

∆𝑭𝑴𝑱

∆𝑨𝑩𝑪

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SOLUTIONS:
1. ∆𝑭𝑴𝑱
Exterior angle: ∠𝐹𝑀𝐿
Remote Interior Angles: ∠𝑀𝐹𝐽
∠𝐹𝐽𝑀 = 71°

𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 = 𝑚∠𝑀𝐹𝐽 + 𝑚∠𝑀𝐽𝐹

𝒎∠𝑭𝑴𝑳 = 𝒎∠𝑴𝑭𝑱 + 𝟕𝟏

Since ∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 and ∠𝐹𝑀𝐽 are linear pair,

𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 + 𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐽 = 180
𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 + 32 = 180
𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 + 32 − 32 = 180 − 32 (by SPE)
𝒎∠𝑭𝑴𝑳 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖 (Exterior angle)
Therefore,
𝒎∠𝑭𝑴𝑳 = 𝒎∠𝑴𝑭𝑱 + 𝟕𝟏
𝟏𝟒𝟖 = 𝑚∠𝑀𝐹𝐽 + 71
𝟏𝟒𝟖 − 𝟕𝟏 = 𝑚∠𝑀𝐹𝐽 + 71 − 71 (by SPE)
77 = 𝑚∠𝑀𝐹𝐽
𝒎∠𝑴𝑭𝑱 = 𝟕𝟕 (Remote Interior Angle)

2. ∆𝑭𝑴𝑱
Exterior angle: ∠𝑋𝐽𝑀
Remote Interior Angles: ∠𝐹𝑀𝐽 = 32°
∠𝐽𝐹𝑀
𝑚∠𝑋𝐽𝑀 = 𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐽 + 𝑚∠𝐽𝐹𝑀
𝒎∠𝑿𝑱𝑴 = 𝟑𝟐 + 𝒎∠𝑱𝑭𝑴

Since ∠𝐹𝐽𝑀 and ∠𝑋𝐽𝑀 are linear pair,

𝑚∠𝐹𝐽𝑀 + 𝑚∠𝑋𝐽𝑀 = 180
71 + 𝑚∠𝑋𝐽𝑀 = 180
71 − 71 + 𝑚∠𝑋𝐽𝑀 = 180 − 71 (by SPE)
𝒎∠𝑿𝑱𝑴 = 𝟏𝟎𝟗 (Exterior angle)
Therefore,
𝒎∠𝑿𝑱𝑴 = 𝟑𝟐 + 𝒎∠𝑱𝑭𝑴
𝟏𝟎𝟗 = 32 + 𝑚∠𝐽𝐹𝑀
109 − 32 = 32 − 32 + 𝑚∠𝐽𝐹𝑀 (by SPE)
77 = 𝑚∠𝐽𝐹𝑀
𝒎∠𝑱𝑭𝑴 = 𝟕𝟕 (Remote Interior Angle)

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3. ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪
Exterior angle: ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 A
Remote Interior Angles: ∠𝐴
∠𝐶 = 59°
8
4
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐶
𝒎∠𝑨𝑩𝑫 = 𝒎∠𝑨 + 𝟓𝟗
D 41o 59o
B C
Since ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 and ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 are linear pair, a
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 180
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 + 41 = 180
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 + 41 − 41 = 180 − 41 (by SPE)
𝒎∠𝑨𝑩𝑫 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗 (Exterior angle)
Therefore,
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 𝑚∠𝐴 + 59
139 = 𝑚∠𝐴 + 59
139 − 59 = 𝑚∠𝐴 + 59 − 59 (by SPE)
𝟖𝟎 = 𝒎∠𝑨 (Remote Interior Angle)

SOLUTION FOR “SIDES”:

1. ∆𝑭𝑴𝑱 Sum: Therefore,
a. 𝐹𝑀 = 𝑗 𝐹𝐽 + 𝐽𝑀 𝐹𝑀 = 𝟒 < 𝒋 < 𝟏𝟒.
b. 𝐹𝐽 = 5 5 + 9 = 𝟏𝟒
c. 𝐽𝑀 = 9 Difference:
𝐽𝑀 − 𝐹𝐽
9−5=𝟒
2. ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 Sum: Therefore,
a. 𝐴𝐵 = 8 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 = 𝟒 < 𝒂 < 𝟏𝟐.
b. 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎 8 + 4 = 𝟏𝟐
c. 𝐴𝐶 = 4 Difference:
𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝐶
8−4= 𝟒

Let’s Apply (Exercises)

MEASURES
Name of Remote
triangle 1st Exterior 2nd Exterior Remote Interior
Interior
Angle Angle Angles
Angles
∠𝑀𝐹𝐽 ∠𝐹𝐽𝑀 ∠𝑀𝐹𝐽 ∠𝐽𝑀𝐹
∆𝑭𝑴𝑱 ∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 = 148° ∠𝑋𝐽𝑀 = 109°
77° 71° 77o 32°

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∠𝐴 ∠𝐶
∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 139°
80° 59°
Using the table above, compare the exterior angles with either remote interior angle
of the given triangles using <, >, or =.
1. In ∆𝐹𝑀𝐽, 𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 _____ 𝑚∠𝐹𝐽𝑀.
2. In ∆𝐹𝑀𝐽, 𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 _____ 𝑚∠𝑀𝐹𝐽.
3. In ∆𝐹𝑀𝐽, 𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 _____ 𝑚∠𝐹𝐽𝑀 + 𝑚∠𝑀𝐹𝐽.
4. In ∆𝐹𝑀𝐽, 𝑚∠𝑋𝐽𝑀 _____ 𝑚∠𝑀𝐹𝐽.
5. In ∆𝐹𝑀𝐽, 𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 _____ 𝑚∠𝑀𝐹𝐽 + 𝑚∠𝐽𝑀𝐹.
6. In ∆𝐹𝑀𝐽, 𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐿 _____ 𝑚∠𝐽𝑀𝐹.
7. In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 _____ 𝑚∠𝐴.
8. In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 _____ 𝑚∠𝐶.
9. In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 _____ 𝑚∠𝐶 + 𝑚∠𝐴.
10. In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∆𝐹𝑀𝐽, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 _____ 𝑚∠𝐹𝑀𝐿.

Let’s Analyze (Enrichment Exercises)

Using the figure at the right, answer each of the following.
1. Name the smallest angle in ∆𝐶𝑂𝐷.
2. Name the largest angle in ∆𝑉𝑂𝐼.
3. Name the greatest angle in six angles in
the two triangles.

For items 4-8, compare using <, >, or =.

4. 𝑚∠𝐶 _____ 𝑚∠𝐼
5. 𝑚∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 _____ 𝑚∠𝑉𝑂𝐼
6. 𝑂𝐶 _____ 𝑂𝐼
7. 𝑂𝐷 _____ 𝑂𝑉
8. 𝐶𝐷 + 𝐶𝑂 _____ 𝑂𝐼 + 𝑉𝐼

Let’s Create
Task: Miss Joana prepared an activity to her class as the Performance Task. She
prepared the following materials to create three types of triangles according to
their sides. She needs your help to determine which of the following sticks will
use to create those triangles. The measurement of 12 sticks is given but only
nine will be used. Help her to identify those sticks.
Stick number Measurement
#1 10 inches
#2 7 inches
#3 6 inches
#4 5 inches
#5 9 inches
#6 8 inches
#7 3 inches

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#8 2 inches
#9 10 inches
#10 6 inches
#11 10 inches
#12 14 inches

Equilateral Triangle Scalene Triangle Isosceles Triangle

Stick Measurement Stick Measurement Stick Measurement
number number number

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully and write the letter of the correct
answer. (Use the given figure to answer the question.)
1. If 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐴 = 48, 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑚∠𝐷𝐵𝐴?? A
a.132 degrees c. 123 degrees
b. 42 degrees d. 48 degrees
11 7
2. If 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐴 = 85, 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑚∠𝐷𝐵𝐴??
a.105 degrees c. 115 degrees D B C
b. 95 degrees d. 85 degrees a

3. If 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 72, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 34 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐴??

a.84 degrees c. 74 degrees
b. 64 degrees d. 94 degrees

4. If 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 70, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 40 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐴??

a.80 degrees c. 90 degrees
b. 60 degrees d. 70 degrees

5. If 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 35, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 85 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐴??

a.60 degrees c. 40 degrees
b. 50 degrees d. 55 degrees

For numbers 6-10, give the 5 possible length of side BC of triangle ABC.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.