Chapter 10First Homecoming 1887-88

 After five years of memorable sojourn in Europe, he returned to the Philippines in August 1887 and practiced medicine in Calamba. He lived the quiet life of a
country doctor. But his enemies, who resented his Noli, persecuted him even threatening to kill him.
Decision to Return Home
. Because of the publication of the Noli Me Tangere and the uproar it caused among the friars, Rizal was warned by Paciano and other friends not to return home. He
was determined to return to the Philippines for the ff. reasons:1.to operate on his mother’s eyes2.to serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish
tyrants3.to find out for himself how the Noli and his other’s writing were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Phil.and;4.to inquire why Leonor Rivera remained
silent
Delightful Trip to Manila
. Rizal left home by train for Marscilles, a French port, which he reached without mishap.On July 3, 1887, he boarded in the steamer Djemnah
, the name steamer which brought him to Europe five yearsago. There were about 50 passengers, including 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese,
manyFrenchmen and 1 Filipino (Rizal). Rizal was the only one among the passengers who could speak many languages,so that he acted as interpreter for his
companions. At Saigon on July 30, he transferred to another steamer Haiphong which was manila-Bound. On August 2 the steamer left Saigon for Manila.
Arrival in Manila
. Rizal’s voyage from Saigon to manila was pleasant. Near midnight of August 5, the Haiphong arrived in manila. He found manila the same as when he left it five
years ago.
Happy Homecoming.
On August 8th, he returned to Calamba. His family welcomed him affectionately, with plentiful tears of joy. Paciano did not leave him during the first days after arrival
to protect him from any enemy assault. In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first patient was his mother, who was almost blind. Rizal who came to be
called “Doctor Uliman” Because he came from Germany, treated their ailments and soon he acquired a lucrative medical practice. Rizal suffered one failure during six
months of sojourn in Calamba-his failure to see Leonor Rivera.
Storm over Noli.
Meanwhile, as Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his enemies plotted his doom. A few weeks after his arrival, a storm broke over his novel. One day Rizal
received a letter from Gov. General Emilio Terrero requesting him to come to Malacañang Palace. Somebody had whispered to the governor’s ear that the Noli
contained subversive ideas. Rizal went to Manila and appeared at Malacañang. When he was informed of the charge he denied it, explaining that he merely exposed
the truth but he did not advocate subversive ideas. Gov. General Terrero read the Noli and found nothing wrong with it. But Rizal’s enemies were powerful.
Attackers of the Noli.
The battle over the Noli took the form of a virulent war of words. Father Font printed his report and distributed copies of it in order to discredit the controversial novel.
Another Augustinian, Fr. Jose Rodriguez, published a series of eight pamphlets under the general heading cuestiones de Sumo Interest to blast the Noli and other
Anti-Spanish writings.
Defenders of the Noli.
The much-maligned Noli had its gallant defenders who fearlessly came out to prove the merits of the novel or to refute the arguments of the unkind attackers.
Marcelo H. del Pilar, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce and other Filipino reformists in foreign lands rushed to uphold the truths of Noli.
Fr. Sanchez, Rizal’s favorite teacher at the Ateneo, defended and praised it in public.
Rev. Vicente Garcia wrote a defense of the Noli which was published in Singapore as an appendix to a pamphlet dated July 18, 1888.
Rizal and Taviel de Andrade
. While the storm over the Noli was raging in fury, Rizal was not molested in Calamba. This is due to Gov. Gen. Terrero’s generosity in assigning a bodyguard to him.
Between this Spanish bodyguard, Lt.Jose Taviel de Andrade and Rizal, a beautiful friendship bloomed. What marred Rizal’s happy days in Calamba withLt. Andrade
were: 1.the death of his older sister, Olimpia and; 2.the groundless tales, circulated by his enemies that he was a German spy, an agent of Bismarck, etc.
Calamba’s Agrarian Trouble
. Gov. General Terrero, influenced by certain facts in Noli Me Tangere, ordered a government investigation of the friars estates to remedy whatever iniquities might
have been present in connection with land taxes and with tenant relations. One of the friars estates affected was the Calamba Hacienda, with the Dominican Order
owned since 1883.
Farewell to Calamba.
One day Gov. Gen. Terrrero summoned Rizal and advised him to leave the Philippines for his own good. He was giving Rizal a chance to escape the fury of the friars
wrath. He was compelled to leave Calamba for 2 reasons: 1.his presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and friends.2. he could
fight better his enemies and serve his country’s cause with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.
A Poem for Lipa
. Shortly before Rizal Left Calamba in 1888 his friend from Lipa requested him to write a poem in commemoration of the town’s elevation to a villa(city) by virtue
of the Becerra Law of 1888. Gladly, he wrote a poem dedicated to the industrious folks of Lipa. This was the “Himno Al Trabajo”. He finished it and seat it to Lipa
before his departure from Calamba
Chapter 8 Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin (1887
Bleak winter was memorable because:
 It was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city
 It brought him great joy, after enduring so much sufferings, because his first novel, Noli Me Tangere, came off the press in March 1887.
 Dr. Maximo Viola loaned him the needed funds to publish the novel
Idea of writing a novel on the Philippines
 Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin – inspiration of Rizal in creating a novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants.
January 2, 1884 presented the novel to group of Filipinos and unanimously approved by those present:

 Paternos (Pedro, Maximino and Antonio)

 Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Evaristo Aguirre
 Eduardo de Lete
 Julio Llorente
 Melecio Figueroa
 Valentin Ventura

The writing of the Noli. Started in Madrid and finished half of it

 Paris, 1885 finished half of the second half
 Finished the last fourth in Germany
 Wrote the last few chapters in Wilhelmsfeld April-June 1886
 In Berlin, winter days, February 1886 made final revisions
 He told Fernando Canon about his discouragement in publishing Noli
Viola, Savior of the Noli.
 Deleted a whole chapter “Elias and Salome” to reduce printing expenses
 Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft; printing shop charged the lowest rate. 300 pesos for 2000 copies
 Rizal suspected as French Spy. chief police of berlin paid a sudden visit to Rizal’s boarding house, asking for passport but
 Rizal did not have one. Gave 4-day ultimatum but Rizal failed to present one.
 Reason for suspicion: frequent visits to villages and little towns in rural areas
Printing of Noli finished. March 27, 1887- Noli Me Tangere came off the press.
sent first copies to his intimate friends:
 Blumentritt
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
 Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Mariano Ponce
 Felix R. Hidalgo
March 29, 1887- token of appreciation: he gave Viola the galley proofs of the Noli carefully rolled around the penthat he used in writing it and a
complimentary copy.

 The Title of the Novel. Noli Me Tangere Latin Phrase which means “Touch Me Not” not originally conceived by Rizal, he admitted taking it from the Bible
Letter to Felix Hidalgo (French. March 5, 1887): said it is taken from the Gospel of St. Luke signify ‘do not touch me”. Rizal made a mistake; it should be from the
Gospel of St. John 20:13-17.
Author’s dedication to the Philippines – “to my Fatherland” human sufferings is a cancer. Social cancer

Synopsis of Noli. Contains 63 chapters and an epilogue.

begins with a reception given by Capitan Tiago (Santiago de los Santos) in Calle Anloague (now juan luna street) inhonor of Crisostomo Ibarra (young and rich Filipino.
Returned after 7 years of study in Europe. Son of Don RafaelIbarra, friend of capitan Tiago. And fiancé of Maria Clara, supposed daughter of Capitan Tiago.)
Guests:
Padre Damaso: fat Franciscan friar who had been parish priest for 20 years of San Diego (Calamba)
Padre Sybila: young Dominican parish priest of Binondo
Señor Guevara: an elderly and kind lieutenant of the Guardia Civil
Don Tiburcio de Espadaña: bogus Spanish Physician, lame and henpecked husband of Doña Victorina.
Ibarra produced favorable impression except to Padre Damaso. In accordance to German custom, he introduced himself to the ladies.
Padre Damaso was in bad mood because he got bony neck and hard wing of the chicken tinola.
Padre Salvi: Franciscan parish priest of San Diego. told Ibarra that he had nothing to do with what happen to hisfather, for he was not the parish priest at that time. It
was Padre Damaso, his predecessor, who was responsible for it.
Met several interesting people;
Tasio the Philosopher – the wise old man whose ideas were too advanced for his times so that the people
who could not understand him called him “Tasio the Lunatic”
Progressive school teacher complained to Ibarra that the children were losing interest in their studies because of:
 Lack of proper school house
 Discouraging attitude of the Spanish friar towards both the teaching of Spanish and of theuse of modern methods of pedagogy
Spineless gobernadorcillo, who catered to the wishes of the Spanish friar
Don Filipo Lino – the teniente-mayor and leader of the liberal faction in the town
Don Melchor – the captain of the cuadrilleros (town police)
Former gobernadorcillos who are prominent citizens- Don Basilio and Don Valentin

Tale of Sisa, most tragic story

  Lost her two boys, Basilio and Crispin. They were sacristanes (sextons) in the church. Crispin was accused by the brutal sacristan mayor (chief sexton) of
stealing the money of the priest. He was tortured in the convent and died.
 Elias– one of the boatmen was a strong and silent peasant youth
 Ibarra saved the life of Elias.
 Maria Clara rendered a beautiful song while playing the harp.
Ibarra and Capitan Tiago played chess. Maria Clara and her friends played the ‘wheel of chance”
Padre Salvi came and tore into pieces the book, saying it’s a sin to play such game
4 soldiers of Guardia Civil came and looking for Elias who was haunted for:
 Assaulting Padre Damaso
 Throwing the alferez (lieutenant of Guardia Civil) into a mudhole
Ibarra visited old Tasio to consult on his pet project about the school house.
 Tasio’s writing was in hieroglyphics because he was writing for the future generations who would understand and say “not all were asleep in the night of
our ancestors”
 Tasio is pessimistic about the project. But the construction was continued under architect Ñor Juan

Fiesta in honor of its patron saint San Diego de Alcala, November 11.
 Laughter, music, exploding bombs, feasting and moro-moro.
 Music furnished by 5 brass bands including the famous Pagsanjan band owned by the escribano MiguelGuevara and 3 orchestras
Elias suspected that the yellowish man, who built the derrick was a paid stooge of Ibarra’s enemies
Ibarra’s attack to Padre Damaso produces 2 results:
 Engagement to Maria Clara was broken
 He was excommunicated
Liberal minded governor general visited the town and befriended Ibarra
Tiburcio de Espadaña –a quack Spanish Physician.
Husband of Doctora DoÑa Victorina de los reyes de De EspadaÑa
Introduced young Spaniard to Capitan Tiago, Don Alfonso Linares de EspadaÑa, cousin of Tiburcio and God son of Padre Damaso
Comedy: the fight between the 2 ludicrous senoras – Dona Consolacion, the vulgar mistress of the Spanish Alferez, and Dona Victorina, the flamboyantly dressed
wife of henpecked Spanish quack doctor.
The story of Elias was a tale of pathos and tragedy.
 60 yrs ago, accusation to his grandfather for burning the warehouse.
 Grandmother became prostitute to support her sick husband and their son
 Balat, 1st boy, became a tulisan
 Balat’s younger brother became a laborer. Fell in love to his master’s daughter
 Elias’ father was sent to jail. While the girl gave birth to twins, Elias and a girl.
 Elias was educated in the Jesuit College in Manila. His sister in La Concordia College
Pia Alba, late mother of Maria Clara.
Padre Damaso was Maria Clara’s real father
Ibarra and Elias paddled up the pasig river toward laguna de bay. Ibarra hid under the zacate.
Christmas eve, Elias met Basilio, weeping over his mother’s body. Basilio prepared a funeral pyre.
Elias looked toward the east and murmured “I die without seeing the dawn brighten over my native land! You, who have it to see, welcome it –and forget not those
who have fallen during the night.
Epilogue:
 Maria Clara entered the Santa Clara nunnery
 Padre Salvi left the parish of San Diego and became a chaplain of the nunnery.
 Padre Damaso was transferred to a remote province. Next morning he was found dead in his bedroom
 Capitan Tiago became an opium addict and human wreck
 Dona Victorina had taken to wearing eyeglasses because of weakening eyesight
 Linares died of dysentery and buried in Paco cemetery
 Alferez was promoted major
Noli based on truth
 Maria Clara was Leonor Rivera
 Ibarra and Elias represented Rizal
 Tasio the Philosopher was his elder brother Paciano
 Padre Salvi was Padre Antonio Piernavieja, the hated Agustinian Friar in Cavite
 Capitan Tiago was Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas
 Dona Victorina was Dona Agustina Medel
 Basilio and Crispin was Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy
 Padre Damaso was typical of a domineering friar during the days of Rizal

Missing Chapter of Noli. “Elias and Salome” which follows Chapter XXIV “in the woods”

Rizal’s friends praise Noli

 Letter from Blumentritt was significant
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Filipino patriot and lawyer who had been exiled due to his complicity in the Cavite Mutiny1872, read avidly the Noli and was very
much impressed.

NOLI ME TANGERE
1886 (winter) – memorable moment in
Rizal’s life
TWO REASONS:
- It was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city.
- A great joy because his novel Noli Me Tangere, was published on March 1887.
IDEA OF WRITING A NOVEL IN THE PHILIPPINES
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe - The book that inspired Rizal to write a novel about the suffering of the Filipinos to the Spaniards.
Central University in Madrid – where Rizal started writing the novel
July 2 1884 – Rizal proposed the writing of a novel about the Philippines
THE WRITING OF NOLI
Towards the end of 1884 – Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and finished ½ of it.
1885 – he was in Paris, he coninued writing the novel, finishing the ½ of the 2nd half
Germany – he finished the ¼ of it
Last 2 chapters – he finished it at Wilhelmsfeld in April - June 1886
December 1886 – he was in Berlin
Fernando Canon – where Rizal wrote his worries about the publishing of his novel
MAXIMO VIOLA, SAVIOR OF NOLI
Dr. Maximo Viola - a rich friend of Rizal from Bulacan who financed the publishing the Noli.
- lives at San Miguel, Bulacan
- December 25, 1887, he arrived at Berlin
CHAPTER OF ELIAS AND SALOME
This chapter was deleted for some financial purposes.
February 11, 1857 – Noli was ready for printing
Berliner Buchdruckrei Actien Gesellschaft – a publishing house that charged the lowest rate for publishing Rizal’s novel
Php 300.00 – the cost of printing for 2,000 copies
PRINTING OF NOLI
March 29, 1887 – Noli Me Tangere came off the press
Rizal sent copies to:
 Blumentritt
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
 G. Lopez Jaena
 Mariano Ponce
 Feliz R. Hidalgo
THE TITLE OF THE NOVEL AUTHOR’S DEDICATION
Noli Me Tangere – “Touch Me Not” - from Gospel of Saint John Rizal dedicated the Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines – “To My Country”
(Chapter 30, Verses 13-17) CHARACTERS OF NOLI ME TANGERE & SYNOPSIS OF THE NOVEL
1. Crisostomo Ibarra – A young and rich Filipino who studied in 14. November 11th – feast day
Europe/sweetheart of Maria Clara 15. Ibarra’s attacked Padre Damaso produced two results:
2. Maria Clara – Daughter of Capitan Tiago 16. Engagement to Maria Clara was broken
3. Padre Damaso – Franciscan friar who had been parish priest of 17. Don Alfonso Linares – Cousin of Don Tiburcio
San Diego 18. Dona Consolation – bulgar mistress of Spanish Alferez
4. San Diego – Ibarra’s native town for 20 yrs. 19. NOLI ME TANGERE is consist of 63 chapters and epilogue
5. Padre Salvi – young Dominican parish priest of Binondo 20. THE NOLI BASED ON TRUTH
6. Senor Guevarra – Elderly and Kind lieutenant of guardia civil 21. Maria Clara – Leonor Rivera
7. Don Tiburcio – Bogus Spanish Physician 22. Crisostomo Ibarra & Elias – Rizal
8. Dona Victoria – wife of Don Tiburcio 23. Pilosopo Tasyo – Paciano
9. Don Melchor – Captain of Cuadrillores 24. Padre Salvi – Padre Antonio Piernavieja
10. Sisa - Formerly a rich girl but became poor because she married a 25. Capitan Tiago – Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas
gambler 26. Doña Victorina – Doña Agustina Medal
11. Basilio & Crispin – Sons of Sisa/Sacristans 27. Basilio and Crispin – Crisostomo brother’s of Hagonoy
12. Elias – A boatman was a strong silent, peasant youth 28. Padre Damaso – are the bad friars
13. Nor Juan – Architect who constructed the schoolhouse