REVIEWER IN PE Depicting swimmers found in Egypt.

Swimming
was also referred to in Greek mythology.
-Swimming is an aquatic game played
individually or by a team of four for relays either Swimming was not widely practiced until the
on a 25-meter pool or 50-meter pool separated early 19th century, when the National
by lane ropes. Swimming Society of Great Britain began to
hold competitions.
-The objective of the game is to complete the
required distance to finish the course by In year 1900s Americans introduced swimming
touching the wall. The basic movements as a sport here in our country.
involved in swimming include bubbling,
floating, kicking, threading, gliding, pulling, and
diving. 4 STROKES OF SWIMMING
1. FREESTYLE/ FRONT CRAWL
-These fitness components include agility, 2. BREASTSTROKE
balance, coordination, and speed. These skills 3. BACKSTROKE
will be transferred and developed into the 4. BUTTERFLY
following sports-specific skills: breath holding,
floating, kicking, pulling of arms, streamlining, Individual Medley
and diving. ● Butterfly,
● Backstroke,
-Sports can form the youth in an integral way by ● Breaststroke
fostering ideals. Character formation can ● Freestyle.
therefore be made.
Medley Relay:
-Explicit in and through sports by developing ● Backstroke
both life skills and Filipino values, which ● Breaststroke
include, respect (paggalang), friendship ● Butterfly
(pagkakaibigan), fair play (patas na paglalaro), ● Freestyle
tolerance (pagbibigayan), striving for one’s best
(pagsusumikap para sa ikahuhusay) and
excellence (kagalingan). Teofilo E. Yldefonso – the first Filipino
swimmer who won bronze in 200 meters
Short history of swimming: breaststroke in Summer Olympics in year 1928
and 1932 and placed 7th in the 1936 summer
-Swimming can be dated back to the Stone Age, Olympics.
but did not truly become an organized sport until Eric Buhainn– is the first Filipino swimmer
the early 19th century. who won gold medal in the 400 meters
Individual Medley at Southeast Asian Games
-Prehistoric man learned to swim in order to (SEAGAMES) held in Bangkok Thailand
cross rivers and lakes evidenced by cave (1985-1993)
paintings from the stone age. -Also he participated in 1988 and 1992 Summer
Olympics.
The Philippine Swimming Incorporated (PSI)
is the national governing body for swimming
and other aquatic sports in the Philippines.
It is accredited by the International Swimming
Federation (Federation Internationale de
Natation or FINA) which is the governing body
for the sport of Swimming in the world, and the
Philippine Olympic Committee (POC).
Under new leadership, the federation continued
their programs on their promotion of the sport,
including the sending of the national teams in
international swimming competitions such as
Southeast Asian Games and the Southeast Asian
Age Group Swimming Championships, as well
as organizing local meets like the Speedo G
League Long and Short Course series.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
Size Pool
Length = 50 meters (164.0 ft)
Width = 25.0 meters (82.0 ft)
Depth = A minimum depth of 1.35 meters,
extending from 1.0 meter to at least 6.0 meters
from the end wall is required for
pools with starting blocks. A minimum depth of
meter is required elsewhere.
Volume of water = 2,500,000 L (550,000
galloon)
LANES - 10 lanes at least 2.5 meters wide, with
two spaces of at least 0.2 meter outside of the
first and last lanes.
LANE ROPES - Each lane rope will consist of
floats placed end-to-end having a minimum
diameter of 0.10 meter to a maximum of 0.15
meter. In a swimming pool the color of the lane
ropes should be as follows:
Two (2) GREEN ropes for lanes 1 and 8
Four (4) BLUE ropes for lanes 2, 3, 6 and 7
Three (3)YELLOW ropes for lanes 4 and 5
The floats extending for a distance of 5.0 meters
from each end of the pool shall be of RED color.
At the 15-meter mark from each end wall of the
pool, the floats shall be distinct in color from the
surrounding floats.
STARTING PLATFORMS - The height of the
platform above the water surface shall be from
0.5 meter to 0.75 meter. The surface area shall
be at least 0.5 meter x 0.5 meter and covered
with a non-slip material. Maximum slope shall
not be more than 10 degrees.
BACKSTROKE TURN INDICATORS =
Flagged ropes shall be suspended across the
pool, 1.8 meters above the water surface, from
fixed standards placed 5 meters from each end
wall. Distinctive marks must be placed on both
sides of the pool, and where possible on each
lane rope, 15 meters from each end wall.
FALSE START ROPE = Suspended across the
pool not less than 1.2 meters above the water
level from fixed standards placed 15 meters in
front of the starting end.
LANE MARKINGS = Shall be of a dark
contrasting color, placed on the floor of the pool
in the center of each lane. Width: minimum 2
meter, maximum 3 meter. Length: 46 meters for
50 meter long pools; 21 meters for 25 meter long
pools.
● Swimming head cap
● Swimming googles
● Swimming paddles and pull buoy
● Swimming fins and kick board
● Swimming suit for men and women
OFFICIALS’ JOB DESCRIPTIONS
1. Meet Manager - responsible for
planning and organizing every aspect of
the meet, and making sure it runs
without a hitch. From registering the
meet with Swim months in advance,
through inviting coaches from other
clubs to register, handling the torrent of
entry information as it comes in, right
through to making sure the awards are
prepared and distributed properly, this
job requires someone with awesome
patience, perseverance and attention to
detail if the meet is to be a success.
2. Referees - The referee has the overall
authority and responsibility for seeing
that the competition complies with all of
the appropriate rules and regulations.
The referee resolves all questions related
to the conduct of the swim meet and
reviews any disqualifications. To train as
a referee, an individual must first have
been certified as a starter for a minimum
of one year, and must be recommended
for advancement by the regional
officials chairperson.
3. Clerk of Course - The clerk of course
greatly contributes to a well-run meet.
The clerk of course checks swimmers
into the meet, “scratches” swimmers
that are absent or do not intend to swim
an event, and seeds swimmers according
to their entry times. The clerk of course
may also shepherd swimmers from a
staging area to the starting blocks.
4. Marshall - assigned the important
responsibility of maintaining a safe
swim environment. This may include
supervision of warm-ups, crowd control
on deck, and supervising the behavior of
swimmers in and out of the pool.
5. STARTER - The starter ensures that all
swimmers receive a fair and equitable
start. The starter works closely with the
referee, and assumes responsibility for
the start at the referee’s signal. The
starter steps the swimmers onto the
starting blocks or into the water, directs
the swimmers to “take their mark”, and
in conjunction with the referee,
determines when a false start has
occurred. The starter is also responsible
for making sure that the starting
equipment is in working order prior to
the start of a session, and may instruct
the timers in their duties.
6. Lane timers - are responsible for
starting their watches at the Starter’s
signal, and stopping their watches or
activating their buttons when any part of
the swimmer’s body touches the wall at
the finish. The watch time is then
recorded and used to determine the race
results. Timer’s meetings are held just
before the start of a session in order to
explain the duties of the timer, and
answer any questions.
7. Chief Timer - The chief timer assures
that all lanes have timers, working stop
watches and buttons, clipboards, pencils,
and timing cards or sheets. The chief
timer starts two watches on every race,
and delivers a working watch to timers
when their own watches fail. The chief
timer may also be asked to help train the
lane timers at the beginning of a session.
8. Stroke & Turn Judges - The stroke
judge walks along the side of the pool,
typically between the backstroke flags,
and observes the swimmers on his half
of the pool. The stroke judge ensures
compliance with the rules pertaining to
 the mechanics of the swim such as the
arm stroke and kick. The turn judge
observes the swimmers from either the
start/finish end or turn end of the pool.
The turn judge is responsible for judging
the starts, finishes, and turns during each
race. The stroke judge and turn positions
frequently are combined into one
position called stroke and turn judge.
9. Recorder - The swimmers’ times are
entered from their timing results cards
into a computer running Hy-Tek Meet
Manager software, where they are
matched to the individual swimmer’s
name. The recorder is responsible for
bringing all this information together,
for posting the results of races, and for
printing labels for the awards. Training
involves attending a clinic, followed by
an apprenticeship.
10. Runners - are responsible for collecting
the results cards from the timers at the
end of each heat, and delivering them to
the Place Judges. They may also be
called upon to deliver results cards to
the Recorder Scorers in the computer
room.
11. Announcer - The public address
announcer can be the most important
person at a swim meet. He or she is in
charge and controls the pace of the meet
and is the one who can make a swim
meet exciting or boring.
REVIEWER IN CPAR
ART- is the expression of one’s feelings through
creating out of their imagination.
Contemporary Art- Art produced at the present
period in time. It includes and develops from
post-modern to modern art.
“Modern” = “contemporary”
Forms of contemporary art:
1. Choreography
2. Musical Instrument
3. Literary and music composition
4. Visual design
5. Theatrical performance
Contemporary dance
-Popular form of dance which developed during
middle portion of the twentieth century.
-It is often perceived as being closely related to
modern dance, ballet and other classical concert
dance style.
Music Dance and Theater
Cordillera
-The flat gong commonly known as gangsa and
played by the groups in the Cordillera region of
the bossed gongs played among the islam and
animist groups in Southern Philippines.
Includes:
● Kalaleng or Tongali (nose flute)
● Tongatong (Bamboo percussion
instrument)
● Diwdiw-as (slender bamboo)
● Saggeypoit (bamboo pipe)
● Solibao- (hallow wooden Igorot drug
topped with pig skin or lizard skin this is
played by striking the drum head using
the palm of the hand.)
● Bungkaka- (bamboo buzzer)
● Kullitong- (polychordal bamboo tube
zither)
 ● Ulibaw- ( Bamboo’s jaw harp)
Southern Islands:
-Kulintang (Racked gong chime instrument
played in southern island)
-Maguindanaon and Marnas are two groups that
stand out in playing Kulintang.
Harana and Kundiman:
-It is lyrical songs popular in Malaysian Islands,
way back Spanish period.
-In 1920’s it becomes mainstream.
Rondalla:
-Original in Spain.
-Performed on ensembles comprisingmandolin
instruments of various sizes called banduria
composed on the lberioan tradition.
Tinikling:
-Dance which involved two individual
performers hitting bamboopoles.
Carinosa:
-means loving and affectionate one
-Philippine National dance for Maria Clara
-Romance scenario
OPM (original Pilipino Music)
-Popular music in the late 1970’s up until now.
-Pop songs, particular ballads.
Branches of Arts in the Philippines
1. Traditional Arts
-beares of the traditional arts can be
nominated as Gawad Manlilikha ng
Bayan (GAMABA) equal to National
Artist.
- includes; folk architecture, transport,
weaving, craving, etc.
2. Non-Traditional Arts
-can be nominated as national artist
-Dance, Music, Theater, Visual Arts,
Literature, Design and etc.
Function of Contemporary Art:
1. Contemporary art for Pleasure-
2. Contemporary art as profession-
3. Contemporary art as commentary-
4. Contemporary art in spirituality-
5. Contemporary art as remembrance-
6. Contemporary art as self-expression-
National Artists for Visual Arts:
1. Fernando Amorsolo- First in
backlighting technique in painting.
-bright and cheerful creation.
2. Carlos “Botong” Francisco- Most
distinguished mural painter.
-Historical events as subject.
3. Guillermo E. Tolentino- honored as
National Artist for sculpture in 1973
-”Ramon Magsaysay Award”
-”UP Oblation”
4. Napoleon V. Abueva- father of modern
Philippine Sculpture.
5. Victorio C. Edades- Known for using
dark somber colors for his paintings,
-factory workers and laborers.
6. Vincente Manansala - realistic themes
using an abstract or a cubist style.
-”The beauty of art is in the process”
7. Hernando R. Ocampo- His
masterpiece “Genesis”
-Abstract painter.
8. Caesar Legaspi- He was known for
utilizing and refining cubism, a style
involving breaking parts into geometric
shapes, in his painting.
9. Elizarde Navarro- hardwood mask
reflecting the human and animal.
-known for his fiction work ‘this week
of Manila Chronicle.”

10. Ang Kiukok- “Geometric landscape”
“Pieta” and “seated figure”
11. Benedicto Cabrera- “Bencab”
-known for his sketches of a scavenger
named “sabel” (means despair and
isolation…)
12. Abdulmari Asia Lmao - Sarimanok
13. Federico Aguilar Alcuaz - Mainly
known for his oil and acrylic paintings
and sketches in ink, pencil and
watercolour.
14. Francisco Coching
-”Dean of Filipino Illustrators”
-Comics and illustration.
15. Jose T. Joya
-Pioneering abstract expressionisms in
the country.
- “Granadean Arabesque” (1958)
-represented the philippines in the 1964
Venice Biennale.
16. Ronald Ventura - dynamic melding or
realism, cartoons, and graffiti.
-His painting and sculpture feature a
complex layering of image and styles,
symbolic of the multifaceted national
identity of the Philippine.
17. Alfredo and Isabel Aquilian - their
work speaks of community, personal
experience, memory, displacement and
emotional psychological affects of
migration.
18. Elmer Borlongan
-distinctive use of figurative
expressionism.
-one of the CCP thirteen artists
awardees.
-”pop cola kid” . “hating kapatid”
National Artist for Architecture:
1. Pablo S. Antonio- Prominent feature of
his designs is the use of natural light and
cross ventilation.
2. Leandro V. Locsin- features themes of
floating volume and mix of bothe
eastern and western aesthetics.
3. Ildefonso P. Santos- Makati
Commercial Center inc. fountains.
-Sculptures and landscapes of shopping
are.
4. Archi. Dominador Lacson Lugtu and
Eng. Leonardo Onjunce Lugtu. -
Araneta Coliseum constructed from
1957 to late 1959.
National Artist for Literature:
1. Carlos Quirino-
-Only National Artist for Historical
Literature.
-”The great Malayan”
-Earliest Biographies of Jose Rizal.
2. Francisco Arcellana-
- Pioneering in writing modern Filipino
short stories in English
-Lyrical prosepoetic form in writing
short stories.
3. NVM Gonzales- (Nestor Vicente
MAdali Gonzales)
-First commonwealth literary contest in
1940
-Republic cultural heritage award in
1960
-Gawad CCP para sa sining in 1990
4. Nick Joaquin-
-Most distinguish Filipino writer in
english writing.
-Used the name Guerre Quijano de
Manila as Journalist.
5. F. Sionil Jose
-He founded Philippine capter of the
International organization (PEN)
6. Alejandro Rocess
-”My brother’s Peuliar Chicken”
7. Edith L. Tiempo
-founded The Siliman National Writers
Workshop in Dumaguete City
 -Late husband: Ediberto K. Tiempo 7. Space
8. Virgilio S. Almario - “Rio Alma” 8. Balance
-invented traditional filipino poetry 9. Contrast
forms. 10. Emphasis
9. Amando V. Hernandez- contribution in 11. Movement
the development of the Tagalog prose 12. Pattern
through the use of the colloquial style. 13. Rhythm
10. Carlos P. Romulo 14. Unity
-He is noted as a diplomat and an
awarded journalist.
-First Asian President of the United Purpose of Arts:
Nations General Assembly.
-Only Asian to win the pulitzer Prize in ● Religious ritual - Church was the
Journalism for his articles on the WW2 primary patron of artist,
11. Bienvenido Lumbrera ● Commemoration of an important
-Multi-awarded poet event or person - the event may be
-Likhang Dila, Likhang diwa (poems in major historical importance.
Filipino and English) 1993 ● Propaganda or social commentary
12. Cirilo F. Bautista ● Recording of visual data
-He is a poet, fictionist and essayist. ● Creating beauty
-founded the Philippine Literary Arts ● Storytelling
Council in 1981. ● Intense emotion- like expression of it
-Iligan National Writers Workshop in thru arts
1993. ● Innovation
-Baguio Writers Group.
13. Lazari Francisco
-Kapatiran Ng Mga Alagad ng Wikang
Pilipino (KAWIKA) in 1958 to support
Tagalog as National Language.
14. Jose Garcia Villa
- The Best Contemporary Poet.
-Reversed consonance rhyme scheme
and his use of punctuation, especially
commas.

Elements and Principle of Art

1. Line
2. Shape
3. Color
4. Value
5. Form
6. Texture