Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S S1-2021

Faculty of Engineering &

the Built Environment
CONTENTS
Department of Civil
Engineering & Surveying
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Transportation Engineering 2

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Transportation Engineering 2
Pavement Calculation Quizzes &
Tutorials
NQF: 7
NQF Credits: 14
Qualification: Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering
SAQA ID: 99641

Developed by Cheryl Belford

@2021 Civil Engineering

Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BB Quiz 1 E80s ________________________________________________________________ 3

BB Quiz 2 E80s Groups __________________________________________________________ 3
BB Quiz 3 Pavement Structure ___________________________________________________ 4
BB Quiz 4 CBR _________________________________________________________________ 4
BB Quiz 5 (8) __________________________________________________________________ 5
Tutorial 1 Trh4 Pavement Design _________________________________________________ 6
Tutorial 2 Sapem Pavement Design _______________________________________________ 9

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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

BB Quiz 1 E80s
The daily axle load counts on a section of road are displayed in the table below:

Axle load (kN) 50 70 75 80 110

Daily repetitions (westbound) 38 58 98 68 51

Calculate the Average Daily E80s (ADE) for the westbound direction. Assume an n-
value of 5.

The axle loads are first converted to the standard axle (80kN):
F1 = (50/80)4 = 0,15

Two decimal places & no units!

1. Load equivalency factor for 70kN axle load? (1)

2. Load equivalency factor for 80kN axle load? (1)
3. Average Daily E80s to the nearest whole E80 per day (2)

BB Quiz 2 E80s Groups

The daily axle load counts on a section of road are displayed in the table below:

Axle load group (kN) 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100

Daily repetitions (eastbound) 48 57 95 70 52

Calculate the Average Daily E80s (ADE) for the eastbound direction. Assume an n-
value of 5.

Two decimal places & no units!

1. Load equivalency factor for 70-80 kN axle load group? (1)

2. Load equivalency factor for 90-100kN axle load group? (1)
3. Average Daily E80s to the nearest whole E80 per day (2)

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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

BB Quiz 3 Pavement Structure

A new road in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, is to be designed. Use the following data
and select a suitable pavement structure.
● The equivalent design traffic is 19,5 million E80s over the design period.

● The client stated that the road is a category A road and this has been confirmed
by the design engineer.

● The client prefers that a granular base pavement be constructed.

• Select the correct pavement structure from the images provided! (2). You will see
the images online)

BB Quiz 4 CBR

CBR values, determined from laboratory testing of the subgrade materials on a section
of the centerline of a new road alignment (Category C Road in a moderate region) are
displayed below:

Chainage 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

CBR (%) 4 8 6 15 17 14 11 16

Chainage 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

CBR (%) 6 3 4 8 7 17 17 21

Delineate subgrade areas and determine the design CBR for each section.

1. Working from left to right and determine how many CBR sections are there
above? Select from the choices below. (1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

2. Standard deviation for section 1? Two decimal places & no units! 21)
3. 10th percentile value for section 2? Two decimal places & no units!! (2)
4. 10th percentile value for section 3? Two decimal places & no units!! (2)
5. CBR group for section 4? (1)
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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

BB Quiz 5 Cost

A new granular base pavement is to be constructed in 2021. The structural design period (SDP) is 20
years. Two surfacing options are being considered, namely asphalt and a double seal. The cost and
maintenance considerations for the two surfacing options is displayed in the table below.

Cost and maintenance considerations for surfacing options

Asphalt Double Seal

Construction cost = R185 per m² Construction cost = R112 per m²

All-inclusive cost of layer works = R460 per m² All-inclusive cost of layer works = R560 per m²

Maintenance cost in 2027 will be R90 per m² Maintenance cost in 2028 will be R36 per m²

Resurfacing cost in 2032 will be R195 per m² Resealing cost in 2034 will be R112 per m²

Maintenance cost in 2036 will be R85 per m² Maintenance cost in 2037 will be R37 per m²

Resealing cost in 2039 will be R115 per m² Resealing cost in 2041 will be R112 per m²

Use a discount rate of 8% and assume that the salvage value is negligible. Perform a life cycle cost
analysis and select the most economic surfacing option for the road construction.

1. Working from left to right and determine how many CBR sections are there
above? Select from the choices below. (1)
(b) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

2. Standard deviation for section 1? Two decimal places & no units! 21)
3. 10th percentile value for section 2? Two decimal places & no units!! (2)
4. 10th percentile value for section 3? Two decimal places & no units!! (2)
5. CBR group for section 4? (1)

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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

BB Quiz TRH4 Calculation

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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

Tutorial 1 Trh4 Pavement Design

A portion of the Bloemfontein Main Road is to be completely realigned and opened within the next
three years. This two-way road will serve as a daily bus route. The following information is relevant to
the design:

Material: Only granular, hot mix asphalt and cement bases are to be considered.

Traffic : AADT for the area is provided from one year ago at 774 E80s/for both lanes/day with growth
expected to reach 8%

CBR: 12% average for the area

Design pavement structures of different base types and compare these structures of initial cost before
making a final selection. Also present the density, compaction and thickness of your final selection. Use
the costs below in your workings

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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

Tutorial 2 Sapem Pavement Design

Reference SAPEM Chapter 10 & TRH 4 respectively

The City Metro has approved the development of a new industrial area near Khayelitsha on the Cape
Flats (considered a moderate climatic region). The route forms part of a ring road to the area and
has a fixed geometric alignment. A 4-lane urban collector is to be considered with 4.1 m lanes and
2.3 m shoulders and will open up to the public in 4 years’ time. As the appointed Consulting Engineer
on the project the following is expected of you:
5.1 A full design traffic calculation to classify the road using the SAPEM method
5.2 A full pavement layer design according to the appropriate TRH4 Catalogue method and only
granular and asphalt bases should be considered.
5.3 The treatment and density requirements of the subgrade areas as the control layers
below the subbase.

The following data is available:

Traffic and geotechnical Information

data
Current Heavy Vehicle 80
Volumes
HV growth rate checks 4-8%
Current E80/HV growth 2.0%
E80/HV growth rate 1.5%
Centre line subgrade 4-day 6,7,7,4,5,7,6,10,12,11,14,20,18,19,21,16,17,13,11,8,9,12,13,14
soaked CBR survey

Submit this handwritten or typed calculation to blackboard assignment by 22 April.

Feedback will be provided..

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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

5.1 A full design traffic calculation to classify the road

Heavy Vehicle Volume Growth Rate

Daily heavy vehicle volume per lane

for the base year (HVV)

Heavy vehicle volume growth rate

(h)

E80/HV at the survey time (v)

E80/HV growth rate (v)

i = [(1+h)(1+v)-1]

Adjust for lane distribution

!"#
∗"##
ADE = $%&'()*+ - .'+/0
$%

Time from survey to opening date (n)

AADEO = AADES ⋅(1+i)n

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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

SDP = 20 years

Equivalent Traffic

(2 3 ))& 5 2
ET = 365 * AADEO (1 + i)
)

Refer TRH4 (Table ?)

Road Category (Table ?)

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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

5.2 A full pavement layer design according to the appropriate TRH4 Catalogue method and only granular and asphalt bases should be considered.
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

Centre line subgrade CBR survey

mm/blow

Average CBR

Standard Deviation (S)

Lower 10%: Average – (1,282*S)

Subgrade CBR (Table 16)

Subgrade Class (Table 16)

5.3 The treatment and density requirements of the subgrade areas as the control layers below the subbase.
Environment TRH4 Figure ?

Material Depth TRH4 Table ?

Layer Choice for ES3 Table ?

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Transportation Engineering 2, TPE370S Pavement Design

Catalogues – ? Region

Foundation Support

SUBGRADE TREATMENT FOR VARYING ZONES Table 22 (Layers per CBR zone) & Table 17 (density)
Zone Limits Description

Zone ?

Zone ?

Zone ?

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