A PROJECT

ON

MOVIE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM USING MACHINE

LEARNING WITH PYTHON

Literature Survey Report submitted in the partial

fulfilment of the requirementsfor the award
of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
By
P.Chanderrraju 19K91A05F2
P.Varshith 19K91A05F3
K.Abhinavkrsishna 19K91A05B5
M.Pranavswaroop 19K91A05D4

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mrs. laxmiprasanna

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &ENGINEERING

TKR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(AUTONOMOUS)

(Accredited by NBA and NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)

Medbowli, Meerpet, Saroornagar, Hyderabad-500097

CERTIFICATE

1
This is to certify that the Literature survey report entitled MOVIE RECOMMENDATION
SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH PYTHON, being submitted by Mr.
P.Chanderraju, bearing ROLL.NO:19K91A05F2, Mr. P.Varshith , bearing ROLL.NO:19K91A05F3,
Mr. K.Abhinavkrishna, bearing ROLL.NO:19K91A05B5, Mr. M.Pranavswaroop, bearing
ROLL.NO:19K91A05D4 in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor
of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering, to the TKR College of Engineering and
Technology is a record of bonafide work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision.

Name and Signature of the Guide Name and Signature of the HOD

Mrs. Laxmiprassana Dr. A. Suresh Rao

Professor

CONTENTS
S.NO. Pg.no.

2
1 ABSTRACT 4
2 INTRODUCTION 5
3 LITERATURE SURVEY REPORT 6
3.1 Collaborative Filtering for Movie Recommendation using RapidMine 6

3.2 Mining affective text to improve social media movies recommendation 8

3.3 A Three Way Hybrid Movie Recommendation

3.4 An intelligent movie recommendation system through group-level sentiment

analysis in microblogs

3.5 Movie Recommendation System Using Collaborative Filtering

3.6 Movie Recommendation System using Cosine Similarity and KNN

3.7 Content-Based Movie Recommendation System Using Genre Correlation

3.8 Movie recommendation system using machine learning algorithm

3.9 Movie Recommendation System

3.10 A Movie Recommender System: MOVREC

3.11 Machine Learning Model for Movie Recommendation System

3.12 Content Based Movie Recommendation System

3.13 Sentiment Analysis of Movie Review using Machine Learning Techniques

3.14 An Improved Collaborative Movie Recommendation System using

Computational Intelligence

3.15 Matrix Factorization Techniques for Recommender Systems

4 REFERENCES

1. ABSTRACT
3
 A recommendation engine filters the information mistreatment totally different
algorithms and recommends the foremost relevant things to users. It 1st captures the
past behaviour of a client and supported that, recommends product that the users can be
seemingly to shop for. If a totally new user visits an e-commerce website, that website
won't have any past history of that user. Therefore, however will the positioning
approach advocating product to the user in such a scenario? One attainable answer
might be to recommend the popular product, i.e. the product that are high in demand.
Another attainable answer might be to advocate the product which might bring the most
profit to the business. 3 main approaches are used for our recommender systems. One is
Demographic Filtering i.e they provide generalized recommendations to each user,
supported picture show quality and/or genre. The System recommends identical movies
to users with similar demographic options. Since every user is totally different, this
approach is taken into account to be too straightforward. The basic plan behind this
technique is that movies that are a lot of common and critically acclaimed can have the
next likelihood of being likeable by the common audience. Second is content-based
filtering, wherever we have a tendency to try and profile the user’s interests
mistreatment data collected, and advocate things supported that profile. the opposite is
cooperative filtering, wherever we have a tendency to try and cluster similar users
along and use data regarding the cluster to create recommendations to the user.

2. INTRODUCTION

4
 Recommender systems used in a various form of areas together with movies, music,
news, books, analysis articles, search queries, social tags, and merchandise normally.
Recommendation System is a filtration program whose prime goal is to predict the movie to a
user towards a domain-specific item. In our case, this domain-specific item is a movie, so the
most focus of our recommendation system is to filter and predict solely those movies that a
user would favor given some information concerning the user him or herself. There are many
alternative ways that to create movie recommendation system however we've selected the
content base recommender system in order that user will simply get the foremost similar
movies on the user's interest. As our recommender system recommends the top high five
movies as like movie that user is selected.

3.LITERATURE SURVEY REPORT

5
Literature survey:

3.1 Collaborative Filtering for Movie Recommendation using RapidMine

Title: Collaborative Filtering for Movie Recommendation using RapidMine

Published by: Arpita Jain Santosh K. Vishwakarma

Related work:

Recommender System is a special type of information filtering system that

provides a prediction which helps the user to evaluate items from a huge
collection that the user is likely to find interesting or useful. Recommender
System is used to produce meaningful suggestions about new items for
particular consumers. These recommendations facilitate the users to make
decisions in multiple contexts, such as what items to buy, what online news to
read or what music to listen to. Recommender Systems have become important
in information and decision overloaded in the world. Recommender Systems
helped their founders to increase profits. This paper, presents a brief overview
of collaborative filtering based movie recommender system and their
implementation using rapid miner.

Methodology:

Recommender engine in RapidMiner Extension has been prepared by e-LICO,

an e-Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Collaborative Research in Data –Intensive
Science and Data mining. In the Recommender extension there are essentially
three sorts of operators as Item Recommendation, Item Rating Prediction, and
Recommender Performance. We usage operators relating to Collaborative
Filtering in ‘Item Rating Prediction’. Collaborative grounded operators’
proceeds an example set as input having training data however recurring a
trained model and unaffected training data. We also formed the Apply Model

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and the Performance operators for every type. Apply Model Rating prediction
operator retrieve a trained model and a test as input. Output of the Apply Model
is practice to compute performance using the Performance operator. The
Performance operator compute the assessment of rating prediction error
methods: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and
Normalized Mean Absolute Error (NMAE). These error measure values are
returned as a performance vector and an example set. Here using the data set
from Group Lens Research Project. Ratings are on a gauge of 1 to 5 (whole-star
ratings only). There are three files: ‘ratings.dat’,’users.dat’ and ‘movie.dat’. For
prediction of user ratings using collaborative filtering we requisite data with
three fields: userid, movieid and ratings. File 'ratings.dat‘ contains the user
ratings in the format: UserID, MovieID, Rating, Timestamp. Each user has at
least 20 ratings and surely ratings by users are sparse.

Conclusion:

This paper presented recommender systems and implementation of

collaborative movie recommendation using RapidMiner Recommender
Extension. The benefit of using a device like RapidMiner is that it permits
persons innovative to the mode an easy overview to the system and delivers a
very well-organized means to speedily experimentation with dissimilar
algorithms until you discover the precise arrangement that workings for your
dataset. This paper measured the performance of recommender system using a
single model (i.e. item k-NN) and using multiple models (i.e. item k-NN and
Matrix Factorization).However using multiple models for recommender system,
give better performance than a single model. In future using the knowledge
gained from this paper in other recommendation problem applications and
business will help to getting quality and knowledgeable decision.

3.2 Mining affective text to improve social media movies recommendation

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Title: Mining affective text to improve social media movies recommendation

Published by: J. Sun, G. Wang, X. Cheng, and Y. Fu

Related work:

Social media websites, such as YouTube and Flicker, are currently gaining in
popularity. A large volume of information is generated by online users and how
to appropriately provide personalized content is becoming more challenging.
Traditional recommendation models are overly dependent on preference ratings
and often suffer from the problem of “data sparsity”. Recent research has
attempted to integrate sentiment analysis results of online affective texts into
recommendation models; however, these studies are still limited. The one class
collaborative filtering (OCCF) method is more applicable in the social media
scenario yet it is insufficient for item recommendation. In this study, we
develop a novel sentiment-aware social media recommendation framework,
referred to as SA_OCCF, in order to tackle the above challenges. We leverage
inferred sentiment feedback information and OCCF models to improve
recommendation performance. We conduct comprehensive experiments on a
real social media web site to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework
and methods. The results show that the proposed methods are effective in
improving the performance of the baseline OCCF methods.

Methodology:

Lately, social media websites (e.g., YouTube1 and Flicker2) are increasingly
receiving attention. A rapid convergence of online content sharing network
websites has been observed in recent years. A large volume of content can be
generated and diffused by users in these social media websites. For example, it
was reported in 2012 that YouTube received 60 h of uploads per minute and 4
billion views per day3. In such an environment, there is an urgent requirement

8
for an intelligent tool to effectively recommend social media items. Great
challenges on traditional recommendation techniques to provide personalized
content to users are seen, due to the dynamic behavior of users in social media
websites and the volume of content they generate. Traditional recommendation
models assume user preference ratings are available and often suffer from the
problem of “data sparsity”. In the real-world social media websites, it is hard to
obtain rating information which means that traditional models are limited in
their functionality. To address this issue, some researchers have explored rich
user generated content as a supplementary source to support personalized
recommendation. Tag-aware recommender systems were proposed to
incorporate rich tagging information into traditional recommendation models
and achieved good performance. Furthermore, a user’s online activity
(searching and browsing) and his/her social connections have also been
explored and utilized to improve recommendation accuracy. Recently, affective
texts (such as reviews and comments) generated by online users have been
given more attention and fruitful sentiment analysis works has begun to emerge
rapidly. Some attempts have been made to integrate sentiment analysis results
into recommendation generations. The majority of existing work combines
sentiment analysis techniques with collaborative filtering techniques to conduct
movie rating predication. However, in relation to the social media context, item
recommendation is limited due to a lack of sentiment-awareness. To the best of
the author’s knowledge, there are only two studies relevant to sentiment-aware
item recommendation in social media websites. These studies only applied
sentiment analysis results into the basic neighborhood-based collaborative
filtering models. Advanced one-class collaborative filtering (OCCF) models
were not explored. Therefore, the combination of sentiment analysis with a
recommender system is limited and more extensive experimental work is
required. In this paper, we develop a sentiment-aware social media
recommendation framework, referred to as SA_OCCF, to tackle the key

9
challenges highlighted above. Firstly, the affective text from user comments is
explored and mined by our proposed ensemble learning-based sentiment
classification (ELSC) method. Secondly, the derived sentiment feedback
information by ELSC is incorporated into the OCCF models and we formalize
our sentiment-aware recommendation models (SA_OCCF) to improve social
media item recommendation performance. The proposed methods and models
are evaluated through comprehensive experiments using the TED dataset. The
results show that the proposed SA_OCCF models outperform the baseline
methods using a variety of recommendation accuracy metrics.

Conclusion:

In this paper, we proposed a sentiment-aware recommender system for use in

the social media websites. The proposed method leveraged sentiment
information from user generated affective texts to improve OCCF performance.
Comprehensive experiments were conducted on a real social media website
(TED dataset) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed models.

10
 3.3 A Three Way Hybrid Movie Recommendation

Title: A Three Way Hybrid Movie Recommendation

Published by: K. Soni, R. Goyal, B. Vadera, and S. More

Related work:

Recommendation Systems or Engines are found in many applications. These

systems or Engines offer the user or service subscriber with a list of suggestions
or recommendations that they might choose based on the user’s already known
preferences. In this paper, the focus is on combining a content-based algorithm,
a User-based collaborative filtering algorithm, and review based text mining
algorithm in the application of a tailored movie recommendation system. Here
movies are recommended based on ratings explicitly provided by the user and
according to the ratings and reviews of movies provided by other users as well.
Here the propose is to generate polarity ratings to Characteristics of a movie
instead of generating a wholesome rating to an available text based review to
gain better insights about preferences of users, thus refining Movie
recommendation systems further.

Methodology:

A recommendation system uses intelligent algorithms, which can provide

recommendations to users according to their needs. Recommendation systems
can be implemented in any domain from E-commerce to network security in the
form of personalized services. They provide benefits to both the user and the
service provider, by suggesting items to users on the basis of their known
preferences [1] Every recommender system consists of two entities, one is user
and other is an item. A user can be any consumer or a customer of any items or
products or services, who has an opinion of that item. The input to
recommendation algorithm can be a database of user and items and output will

11
be the recommendations. As in this case, inputs consist of a dataset of customer
and database of movies and output denotes the movie recommendations.
algorithm [2] and review based text mining algorithm [3] . The content-based
algorithm consists of user’s information such as their interest, favorites,
priorities etc. Content-based algorithms provide recommendations or
suggestions based on this type of inputs from the user. Collaborative filtering is
a technique that has been used in recommendation systems which can predict
and advise items that the user might like based on his or her known preferences.
CF-based movie recommendations predict a list of top recommended movies for
a given user based on ratings (numerical scores) from many users & the
available ratings that are explicitly given by the user by rating a movie or
movies [6] User ratings partially represent user preferences. Thus, it is not easy
to accurately identify similar users based on the available ratings. Thus this
paper proposes a combined approach of content based algorithm, collaborative
filtering and review based algorithm that integrates user text reviews [3] and
user numeric ratings [2] in order to model user’s preferences better and in turn
improve the performance of a movie recommendation systems.

Conclusion:

Present Movie recommendation systems lack efficiency because Movies are

recommended considering only factors such as Movie rated & reviewed by the
User and Users having similar viewing preferences, by using text mining and
suggesting movies on the basis of intersection of the three algorithms i.e. User
Based Collaborative filtering, Content-based algorithm & text mining due to
which the user will not only be suggested movies but this system will also
provide the user with more refined recommendations as movies with a low
rating score in any of the Movie characteristics generated on the basis of Text
Mining will be filtered out during the priority allocation stage of the proposed
Three Way Hybrid Movie Recommendation System.

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 3.4 An intelligent movie recommendation system through group-level
sentiment analysis in microblogs

Title: An intelligent movie recommendation system through group-level

sentiment analysis in microblogs

Published by: H. Li, J. Cui, B. Shen, and J. Ma

Related work:

The emergence of the online media sharing sites (e.g. Youtube, Youku, and
Hulu) have introduced new challenges in program recommendation in online
networks. However, there is a bottleneck that the amount of available viewing
logs and user friendship networks are too limited to design effective
recommendation algorithms. Thus, carrying out an intelligent program
recommendation system is important for these sites. In this work, we propose a
novel model which turns to the social networks and mine user preferences
information expressed in microblogs for evaluating the similarity between
online movies and TV episodes. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first
effort to bridge the gap between movie and TV watchers domain with social
network activities. Moreover, it is the first approach that can solve the “cold-
start” problem in movie and TV recommendation system. Series of data mining
approaches and social computing models have been adopted in this work.
Similar programs found from the social network are further used to suggest
programs in other media devices. This work can be easily applied in online
media streaming sites in order that intelligent recommendations of programs can
be made to the customers through mining microblogs.

Methodology:

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In this paper, we turn to some other knowledge base such as Social Networks
(i.e., Twitter and Youtube) where people form different communities, each one
of which represents a group of fans for a specific program. Hence, it is possible
to identify and evaluate the communication and distance between such
communities. In this way, the relationship between different programs in social
network domain can be found, based on which we may further make
recommendations in movie/TV programs domain. For instance, we may suggest
John to watch Sports News during the break. KBridge explores the in-depth
connection among contents, thus can be used in the following usage scenarios:

• From a specific program, find other similar program according to the program-
wise association rules.

• For specific user group, find the best program to recommend.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach that matches the user
communication in social network domain with that in online movie streaming
system domain, and utilizes social network information and social computing
models in movie/TV program recommendation task.

• We propose a model to identify discussion groups in microblog that are

correlated with a given topic (i.e., a specific TV episode or movie).

• By investigating the correlation between groups of users in microblog, we

propose a novel sentiment-aware association rule mining algorithm, which
utilizes the sentiments expressed in microblogs to identify frequent program
patterns and deduce the association rule of movie/TV programs. Through this
way, we can overcome the second limitation, namely “cold-start” problem. To
the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort that bridges the gap between
user activity in program watching domain and social network domain.

14
• Moreover, our proposed model is generic in the aspect that, not only plain text,
but also other unstructured information within social networks can be utilized.

• We propose a prediction model utilizing a series of prior information, such as

program view logs, program metadata similarity, and social-aware frequent
program patterns, to predict the future view logs for an arbitrary program.

Conclusion:

In this work, we proposed a novel program recommendation system, namely,

KBridge. In this system, multiple data mining techniques and information
theories are applied in order to extract valuable knowledge about user activities
towards program watching in social network domain. Empirical results over
real-world dataset justify that social network knowledge make great
contributions in prediction of the viewing behaviors in program watching
domain.

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 3.5 Movie Recommendation System Using Collaborative Filtering

Title: Movie Recommendation System Using Collaborative Filtering

Published by: Ching-Seh (Mike) Wu, Deepti Garg

Related work:

As the business needs are accelerating, there is an increased dependence on

extracting meaningful information from humongous amount of raw data to drive
business solutions. The same is true for digital recommendation systems which
are becoming a norm for consumer industries such as books, music, clothing,
movies, news articles, places, utilities, etc. These systems collect information
from the users to improve the future suggestions. This paper aims to describe
the implementation of a movie recommender system via two collaborative
filtering algorithms using Apache Mahout. Furthermore, this paper will also
focus on analyzing the data to gain insights into the movie dataset using
Matplotlib libraries in Python.

Methodology:

A recommendation system or recommendation engine is a model used for

information filtering where it tries to predict the preferences of a user and
provide suggests based on these preferences. These systems have become
increasingly popular nowadays and are widely used today in areas such as
movies, music, books, videos, clothing, restaurants, food, places and other
utilities. These systems collect information about a user's preferences and
behavior, and then use this information to improve their suggestions in the
future. A large number of companies are making use of recommendation
systems to increase user interaction and enrich a user's shopping experience.

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Recommendation systems have several benefits, the most important being
customer satisfaction and revenue. Many a times, customers tend to look at the
recommendations provided based on their previous transaction because they
think that they will find better options. If these recommendations are fine tuned
to the user's needs, the customer will be satisfied with their purchase. Thus, the
customer would use this application once again. With customers using these
applications frequently, a huge amount of revenue is generated, which is why
many e-commerce compames are turning to Improve their recommendation
engines. Although recommendation systems are common, developing systems
that provide good and appropriate suggestions is a challenge. Each user has
different preferences and likes. Additionally, a user's preference depends on
many aspects such as their mood, the occasion, the reason for their purchase etc.
If a website or app is not able to predict and provide suitable recommendations
as per the liking of the user, then the user is likely to stop using that website or
app. Thus, there is always a need for companies to improve their
recommendation systems. One goal of this paper IS to design a movie
recommendation system that considers the past movie ratings given by various
users to provide suggestions to the user. We implemented this system
collaborative filtering algorithms and Apache Mahout framework The second
goal is to compare the performance and efficiency of user-based recommender
system and item-based recommender system. This paper is organized as
follows: First, a brief overview of a few relevant, recent research done in the
space of recommender system will be discussed. Second, we will present the
understanding on the technique of collaborative filtering. Third, the data
preparation and data analysis approach using Mahout will be discussed. Finally,
a qualitative evaluation on the techniques used will be presented.

Conclusion:

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In this paper we have implemented a movie recommendation system using
collaborative filtering. This system is developed using Apache Mahout and
takes the ratings given to movies into consideration to provide movie
suggestions. For future work, the recommender system could be developed
using hybrid filtering approach instead of collaborative. Recent research
indicates that hybrid systems are found to be more effective and provide more
accurate recommendations. Hence, hybrid systems would be an improvement.
Our system considers the user ratings to recommend movies. In the future, more
features such as the genre of the movie, the directors, the actors and so on could
be considered as well to provide suggestions. In addition, a new framework
called Apache Prediction 10 could be looked into to develop the system instead
of Mahout. The Apache Prediction 10 is a machine learning server that uses the
technology stack of Apache Hadoop, Apache spark, Elastic Search and Apache
Hbase to build Universal Recommender System.

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 3.6 Movie Recommendation System using Cosine Similarity and KNN

Title: Movie Recommendation System using Cosine Similarity and KNN

Published by: Gaurav Srivastav

Related work:

Over the past years, the internet has broadened the horizon of various domains
to interact and share meaningful information. As it is said that everything has its
pros and cons therefore, along with the expansion of domain comes information
overload and difficulty in extraction of data. To overcome this problem the
recommendation system plays a vital role. It is used to enhance the user
experience by giving fast and coherent suggestions. This paper describes an
approach which offers generalized recommendations to every user, based on
movie popularity and/or genre. Content-Based Recommender System is
implemented using various deep learning approaches. This paper also gives an
insight into problems which are faced in content-based recommendation system
and we have made an effort to rectify them.

Methodology:

Advancement in technology is reaching new heights every day and due to which
we can see enormous growth in information. To deal with such large data we
use machine learning that automates analytical model building. The early
classification of machine learning is divided into three broad categories:
Supervised learning, Unsupervised learning and Reinforcement learning. We
use computers to make predictions to help us achieve better results using
various computational statistics. Tasks can be performed without being

19
explicitly programmed to do so. It becomes a tedious task to extract the relevant
information. Search engines solve the problem to some extent but it does not
solve the personalization problem. Recommendation System framework plays a
vital role in today‟s internet surfing, be it buying a product from an e-commerce
site or watching a movie on some video-on-demand service. In our everyday
life, we depend on recommendations given by other people either by word of
mouth or reviews of general surveys. People often use recommender systems
over the web to make decisions for the items related to their choice.
Recommendation systems are software tools and techniques whose goal is to
make useful and sensible recommendations to a collection of users for items or
products that might interest them. In other words, the recommender system or
recommendation systems belongs to a class of information filtering system that
aims at predicting the „preference‟ or „rating‟ given to an item. Revised
Manuscript Received on May 29.2020. Gaurav Srivastav, Inderprastha
Engineering College, AKTU Ramni Harbir Singh, Inderprastha Engineering
College, AKTU Sargam Maurya, Inderprastha Engineering College, AKTU
Tanisha Tripathi, Inderprastha Engineering College, AKTU Tushar Narula,
Inderprastha Engineering College, AKTU Recommendation systems are
primarily using three approaches. In content-based filtering, we do profiling
based on what type of content any user is interested in and using the collected
information, it recommends items. Another one is collaborative filtering, where
we make clusters of similar users and use that information to make
recommendations. Hybrid systems are the one which takes into account both
above stated approaches to deal with operational data more concisely. Our goal
is to provide accurate recommendations with less computational complexity.

Conclusion:

We have illustrated the modelling of a movie recommendation system by

making the use of content-based filtering in the movie recommendation system.

20
The KNN algorithm is implemented in this model along with the principle of
cosine similarity as it gives more accuracy than the other distance metrics and
the complexity is comparatively low too Recommendations systems have
become the most essential fount of a relevant and reliable source of information
in the world of internet. Simple ones consider one or a few parameters while the
more complex ones make use of more parameters to filter the results and make
it more user friendly. With the inclusion of advanced deep learning and other
filtering techniques like collaborative filtering and hybrid filtering a strong
movie recommendation system can be built. This can be a major step towards
the further development of this model as it will not only become more efficient
to use but also increase the business value even further.

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 3.7 Content-Based Movie Recommendation System Using Genre
Correlation

Title: Content-Based Movie Recommendation System Using Genre Correlation

Published by: Shaili Sen1, Prof. Pradeep Tripathi

Related work:

It is a data-driven recommendation system that delivers recommendations to

customers, such as books, films, etc. Most movie recommendation systems
normally base user preferences on similar films. Effort recommendation
systems are particularly useful for large customer database collecting
organisations. A lot of things could go into a movie recommendation design like
the director of the movie, the film genre, or the actors appearing in it. There are
two or three characteristics that the systems use to make a recommendation. It
has been based on types of content that the user prefers to watch. The
distribution method adopted to implement this is focused on genrebased
filtering. In this case, the dataset that was used for the project is Movie Lens.
Python is the research software used.

Methodology:

The quantity of data transactions has grown in this era of the Internet
exponentially. Massive numbers of users on the Internet have multiplied the
volume of data. Some data is accessible on the Internet, but not all of it is
meaningful or sufficient for use by the public. Excessive data turns out to be
inconsistent, and uncreative. Users must conduct several searches before they
eventually locate what they were searching for. Most importantly, they have

22
come up with recommendation systems to solve this problem. A
recommendation framework takes into account users' previous interests to
include relevant information. We strive to filter and configure the data
according to each user's requirements. Thanks to the growth of the Internet,
recommendation systems havebecome better and better That has gained
momentum because it provides details in a limited period of time.
Recommender programmes have been put in place in various media such as
books, videos, news, and goods, and they have proven effective there as well.
Recommender schemes are used for almost all organizations today. Indeed,
LinkedIn, Amazon, and Netflix are good examples of this trend. LinkedIn tells
the user which colleagues she may be connected to, among the millions who are
on the network, which ones they should subscribe to. By automating the
database, this means the user would not have to do a lot of manual research.
Since the Amazon recommendations are based on what consumers have already
bought together, they recommend products that go together. You can find
something that is new and noteworthy in a category you've selected on the home
page by following the recommendations from your favourites, as long as you're
still on the Amazon website. The same principle applies to Netflix as well; they
will determine what type of show a consumer would like and then recommend
similar shows. According to the ways of recommendation algorithms, three
methods can be used: content-based, collaborative, and hybrid. A behavioural
recommendation framework looks at a user's past behaviours and deduces
things about which they may be interested in. This type of search technique
involves taking previous user reviews and ratings and combines them with other
user profiles to form an assessment of what is trending or more common
Comparisons are rendered using those that have the most resemblance. On the
other hand, while content-based and collaborative filtering have their strengths,
there are also some important differences. Researchers came up with a solution
which would blend the strengths of both approaches. this paper proposes a

23
method that makes use of genre correlation This dataset was intended for this
reason, which has 9126 movies sorted into a genrebased classification scheme.
There are eleven genres in all. They have been reviewed by over a thousand six
hundred and seventy six-hundred users and seventy-one people. recommending
movies close to those that have earned good reviews by taking into account

Conclusion:

The recommendation system implemented in this paper aims at providing movie

recommendation based on the genres of the movies. If a user highly rates a
movie of a particular genre, movies containing similar genres will be
recommended to him. Recommendation systems are widely used in today’s era
of Web 2.0 for searching for reliable and relevant information. While simple
recommendation systems recommend users based on a few parameters, complex
ones take many parameters into consideration. By implementing machine
learning in recommender systems, intelligent recommendations can be made for
customers. Given the potential of such systems, they have a huge commercial
value. Several MNCs have been exploiting the potential of recommendation
system to lure customers into using their products. This also impacts greatly on
the field of data mining and web mining. Mobile cloud computing (mcc) is able
to save energy, improve application and experience of the users. All
frameworks mentioned above have their own benefits and issues but still not up
to level to address all issues related to security, energy and user experience.
Security issues are key problem in mcc, they need to be focused more compare
to other issues.

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 3.8 Movie recommendation system using machine learning algorithm

Title: Movie recommendation system using machine learning algorithm

Published by: Manjunath Reddy R*1,Ms.LathaR

Related work:

Recommendation systems have changed the method of searching things that we

are interested in. This is a data filtering approach that is used to predict the
preferences in a variety of things. Some of the areas where recommendation
engines/systems are books, shopping, articles, movies, music etc. In this paper I
have proposed a movie recommendation system which uses a machine learning
algorithm to predict the preferred movies. It is based on the content based
filtering process that makes use of the preferential data provided by users. It
analyzes the user data and recommends the best movie at the given time. The
movies are suggested according the similar content which is present the input
movie given by user. System uses vectorization machine learning algorithm to
recommend the movies. This system is developed in jupyter notebook and
django framework. It preprocesses the data sets and build the algorithm on those
data sets. The data consists of thousands of movies of various genres. The
recommendation system takes one movie as input from the given data set and
outputs 5 movies as a recommendation result. A web based platform is built in
python programming language using django framework. These systems which
are based on content recommendation are mannered to people, these systems do
not recommend anything to the user, it limits to your choice.

25
Methodology:

It provides relatable content according to the collection of items to the user.

These systems aims to recommend movies to users based on movie ratings. Ex.
“Which movie will you like” given that you have seen Ironman, Doctor Strange,
Captain America users who saw these movies also liked “The Avengers”?.
Recommendation systems imitates social processes to enable quick filtering of
the information on the web. Many of companies try to offer services that
involve recommendations to address the right user groups.Each user represented
by a unique id.

Content Based Filtering:

Content-based filtering is based on the user's profile Description of preferences

and items. Explain in cosine similarity Items to tag with keywords next to the
user profile Likes and dislikes of users' tastes. In other words, cosine similarity
Algorithm recommends this article or similar article A person who has fallen in
the past. Examine previously rated items We recommend the best article. There
are different approaches proposed in different research papers The papers listed
below. These approaches are often combined With a hybrid recommender
system. Machine learning is used for recommending a moviehad the following
specific drawbacks B., please series The number of questions to the user was
time consuming. The other On the other hand, it wasn't user-friendly due to the
fact that it turned out to be such. I get some stress. Please consider these Defects
recommendation system we developed Recommender system that recommends
movies to users It is based on the information you provide yourself. In In the
current study, users are their own Actor, director, Genre, year,rating, etc. User
choices are predicted based on: About selecting the history of previously visited
users. Or The system was developed in PHP and is now A simple console-based
interface.

26
Cosine Similarity:

Cosine similarity measures the similarity between two vectors in the inner
product space.It is measured by the sine and cosine of the angle between the
two vectors and determines if the two vectors point in approximately the same
direction.It is typically used in text analysis to measure document similarity.

Recommendation System:

The system takes a movie as input to recommend other similar movies based on
the cosine similarity machine learning algorithm.Recommendation System is a
web application that uses API call from The Movie Data base to fetch movie
library to get the recommended movie to user.

Conclusion:

This document introduced Movie recommendation system. A system for movie

recommendations. Allow users to choose. Make a selection from the given set
of attributes and recommend it. He has a list of movies based on the cumulative
weight of various Attributes and usage of the cosine similarity algorithm. By
our nature Evaluating performance has not been an easy task since the system.
There are no correct or incorrect recommendations. That's just one thing Of
opinion. Based on informal assessments we have conducted. Received positive
feedback from a small group of users she. I need a larger dataset to make this
possible. More meaningful results in our system. Besides us I want to integrate
various machine learning methods Examine the clustering algorithm and
comparison results. Finally, implement a web-based user Interface with user
database and learning model To suit each user.

27
 3.9 Movie Recommendation System

Title: Movie Recommendation System

Published by: Ananya Agarwal1, S. Srinivasan

Related work:

Filtering systems are often used to remove unnecessary information from a

large amount of data. Recommender systems are used to seek and predict
meaningful and informative items that a user might put into the data. The
system emphasizes on reusing the information and preferences of the users that
can be used in the calculation of future recommendations. This paper proposes a
recommender system which provides recommendation based on the information
given by the users. It is done by using analysis of user’s psychological profile,
their watching history and movie scores from other websites. It is actually based
on aggregate similarity conditions. This system uses both content and
collaborative filtering. Both can be explained as follows: Collaborative filtering
means building systems from user’s past behavior (ie. Items that have already
been selected or rated) Afterwards the model is used to predict outcomes that
the user might be interested in. Content based filtering uses a series of distinct
and discrete characteristics of an item in order to recommend more items with
same properties. Both of these systems combine to make a hybrid recommender
system. This system which is a hybrid of both filtering systems is capable of
recommending movies using analysis of the profiles.

Methodology:

28
Qualitative evaluation: The movie recommender system built in this paper
facilitates the understanding of how a recommender system works. To evaluate
the accuracy and relevancy of the results produced by our system, we analyse
both the approaches differently. We compare the Item based similarity
coefficient results as given in the above figure by mapping the Movie ID of
Movie 1 and Movie 2 to their titles. As evident from the table, movies which are
similar are given a higher similarity metric. For user-based recommender
system, we evaluate the model using the Average Absolute Difference
Recommender Evaluator. We divide the training data into test and train
samples. Next, we evaluate the rating predictions on test data against the actual
ratings as specified in the training data. The figure below shows the raw output
from the user based filtering technique. The system recommends 10 movies to
user and returns the nearest neighbours which have most similar taste
preference as him. For each movie recommended, it also predicts the ratings by
that user. We get an average absolute difference of 0 which proves that the
predictions made on the ratings of the recommended items are 100% accurate.

Conclusion:

In this paper we have implemented a movie recommendation system using

collaborative filtering. It is implemented using Apache Mahout and takes the
ratings given to movies to provide movie suggestions. Our system considers the
user ratings to recommend movies. In the future, more features such as the
genre of the movie, the directors, the actors and soon could be considered as
well to provide suggestions. In addition, a new framework called Apache
Prediction 10 could be looked into to develop the system instead of Mahout.

29
 3.10 A Movie Recommender System: MOVREC

Title: A Movie Recommender System: MOVREC

Published by: Manoj Kumar, D.K. Yadav, Ankur Singh and Vijay Kr. Gupta

Related work:

Now a day’s recommendation system has changed the style of searching the
things of our interest. This is information filtering approach that is used to
predict the preference of that user. The most popular areas where
recommender system is applied are books, news, articles, music, videos,
movies etc. In this paper we have proposed a movie recommendation
system named MOVREC. It is based on collaborative filtering approach
that makes use of the information provided by users, analyzes them and then
recommends the movies that is best suited to the user at that time. The
recommended movie list is sorted according to the ratings given to these
movies by previous users and it uses K-means algorithm for this purpose.
MOVREC also help users to find the movies of their choices based on the
movie experience of other users in efficient and effective manner without
wasting much time in useless browsing. This system has been developed
in PHP using Dreamweaver 6.0 and Apache Server 2.0. The presented
recommender system generates recommendations using various types of
knowledge and data about users, the available items, and previous transactions
stored in customized databases. The user can then browse the
recommendations easily and find a movie of their choice.

30
Methodology:

In today’s world where internet has become an important part of human life,
users often face the problem of too much choice. Right from looking for a
motel to looking for good investment options, there is too much information
available. To help the users cope with this information explosion,
companies have deployed recommendation systems to guide their users. The
research in the area of recommendation systems has been going on for
several decades now, but the interest still remains high because of the
abundance of practical applications and the problem rich domain. A number of
such online recommendation systems implemented and used are the
recommendation system for books at Amazon.com , for movies at
MovieLens.org, CDs at CDNow.com (from Amazon.com), etc. Recommender
Systems have added to the economy of the some of the e-commerce
websites (like Amazon.com) and Netflix which have made these systems a
salient parts of their websites.

Recommender Systems generate recommendations; the user may accept

them according to their choice and may also provide, immediately or at a
next stage, an implicit or explicit feedback. The actions of the users and their
feedbacks can be stored in the recommender database and may be used for
generating new recommendations in the next user-system interactions. The
economic potential of theses recommender systems have led some of the
biggest e-commerce websites (like Amazon.com, snapdeal.com) and the online
movie rental company Netflix to make these systems a salient part of their
websites. High quality personalized recommendations add another
dimension to user experience. The web personalized recommendation systems
are recently applied to provide different types of customized information to
their respective users. These systems can be applied in various types of
applications and are very common now a day.

31
Conclusion:

In this paper we have introduced MovieREC, a recommender system for movie

recommendation. It allows a user to select his choices from a given set of
attributes and then recommend him a movie list based on the cumulative weight
of different attributes and using K-means algorithm. By the nature of our
system, it is not an easy task to evaluate the performance since there is no right
or wrong recommendation; it is just a matter of opinions. Based on informal
evaluations that we carried out over a small set of users we got a positive
response from them. We would like to have a larger data set that will enable
more meaningful results using our system. Additionally we would like to
incorporate different machine learning and clustering algorithms and study
the comparative results. Eventually we would like to implement a web
based user interface that has a user database, and has the learning model
tailored to each user.

32
 3.11 Machine Learning Model for Movie Recommendation System

Title: Machine Learning Model for Movie Recommendation System

Published by: M. Chenna Keshava, S. Srinivasulu

Related work:

The primary aim of recommendation systems is to recommend applicable

objects to a consumer-based totally on ancient data. If a movie is rated
excessive by means of a consumer who also watched the movie you are
watching now, it's miles possibly to show up inside the recommendations. The
films with the highest overall scores are in all likelihood to be enjoyed by way
of nearly everyone. The algorithm which does all these features is called
CineMatch. For personal users, it also learns from the conduct of the person to
higher expect a movie the consumer is anticipated to be fascinated in. Here we
have to increase our CineMatch algorithm 10% by using fashionable
collaborative filtering techniques.

Methodology:

A. User-Item Sparse Matrix

33
In the User-Item matrix, each row represents a person and every column
represents an object and every cell represents rating given with the id of a user
to an item.

B. User-User Similarity Matrices

Here, two customers could be similar to the premise of the comparable ratings
given with the id of each of them. If any two users are similar then it means
both of them have given very comparable scores to the items due to the fact
here the consumer vector is nothing however the row of a matrix which in flip
contains rankings given through user to the items. Now considering cosine
similarity can variety from ‘0’ to ‘1’ and ‘1’ means the highest similarity, so
consequently, all the diagonal elements could be ‘1’ because the similarity of
the consumer with him/herself is the highest. But there's one hassle with user-
user similarity.

C. Item-Item Similarity Matrix

Here, two items can be comparable to the idea of the comparable rankings given
to each of the items via all of the users. If any two gadgets are comparable then
it means both of them had been given very comparable ratings by means of all
of the users due to the fact here the item vector is nothing however the column
of the matrix which in flip contains scores given with the aid of consumer to the
objects. Now due to the fact cosine similarity can variety from ‘0’ to ‘1’ and ‘1’
means the highest similarity, so consequently, all of the diagonal elements
might be ‘1’ due to the fact the similarity of an item with the identical item is
the highest.

D. Cold Start Problem

The cold start problem concerns the personalized guidelines for users without a
few past histories (new users). Providing suggestions to users with small beyond

34
history turns into tough trouble for CF models due to the fact their studying and
predictive ability is limited.

Conclusion:

So, far our best model is SVDpp with Test RMSE of 1.0675.Here we are not
much worried about our RMSE because we haven’t trained it on the whole
data . Our main intention here is to learn more about Recommendation
Systems .If we taken whole data we would definitely get better RMSE . Tune
hyper parameters of all the Xgboost models above to improve the RMSE. Here
we used 10K users and 1K movies to train the above models due to my pc ram
issues. In the future, I am going to run on the entire information set using cloud
resources.

3.12 Content Based Movie Recommendation System

Title: Content Based Movie Recommendation System

Published by: N. Pradeep *, K. K. Rao Mangalore, B. Rajpal, N. Prasad, R.

Shastri

Related work:

Recommendation based systems can be used for recommending different web

page, books, restaurants, tv shows, movies etc. The aim of movie
recommendation system is to recommend movies to different users based on
their interests. This helps the user to save time browsing the internet looking for
movies from the thousand already existing ones. Content-based
recommendation system describes the items that may be recommended to the
user. Based on a data set, it predicts what movies a user will like considering the
attributes present in the previously liked movies. Recommendation systems can
recommend movies based on one or a combination of two or more attributes.

35
While designing a movie recommendation system various factors are
considered such as the genre of the movie, the director or the actors present in
it. In this paper, the recommendation system has been built on cast, keywords,
crew, and genres. A single column is created which will be the sum of all the 4
attributes, and it acts as a dominant factor for this movie recommender system.

Methodology:

The enhancement of science and technology leads to make the life more
comfortable than older days. The emerging technologies like neutrosophic
shortest path, transportation problem, uncertainty problem, fuzzy shortest path,
powershell, wireless sensor network, computer language, neural network,
routing, image processing making the products more intelligent and self-healing
based. The smart city applications like smart water, smart grid, smart parking,
smart resource management, etc. are based on IoT and IoE technologies. In this
manuscript, the recommendation system has been built on cast, keywords, crew,
& genres. The recommendation system aims to predict or take users’ interests
and recommend related items that quite likely are interesting for them. The
growth in the amount of information that is available online and the increase in
the number of Internet users has created an overload of information which
makes it difficult to find the correct information at the right time. The
recommender system solves this problem by filtering the required data from a
large amount of information that is generated based on the user’s interest or
preferences. Recommender systems are used for recommending products,
generating playlists, matchmaking, and a lot more. Recommender systems
function with characteristic information and user-item interactions.
Characteristic information is the information about the user and the items
whereas user-item interaction is the information regarding ratings, the number
of purchases, likes of the users, and many more. Based on this, the

36
recommendation system can be developed using collaborative filtering, content-
based filtering, or hybrid filtering.

Collaborative Filtering:

This system identifies users with similar tastes and uses their opinion to
recommend the same to another user with similar interest. It generates
recommendations using information about rating profiles for different users or
items. It has been implemented in different applications such as YouTube,
Netflix, and Spotify. It is a widely used approach and is used as a part of the
hybrid system.

Content-Based Filtering:

Content-based filtering methods are done based on user characteristics. This

method is used in situations where data is known on an item such as name,
location, or description and not on the user. It predicts the items based on user’s
information and completely ignores contributions from other users as with the
case of collaborative techniques. It uses the data that is provided by the user
either explicitly or implicitly. When the user provides more content-based
filtering mechanisms actions on the recommendations such as content-based
recommender the engine becomes more and more accurate.

Hybrid Approach:

A hybrid approach is a combination of collaborative filtering content-based

filtering, or any other approaches. Hybrid approaches can be implemented by
making predictions separately on content-based and collaborative-based
approach and later combining them. It increases the accuracy and performance
of the recommender systems..

Conclusion:

37
Information retrieval has become very difficult nowadays because of the
overloading of data and this issue has restricted the users from accessing the
items that best match their preferences. This is where the recommendation
system comes into use. It helps to retrieve personalized information for different
users. Also, movies have become a popular medium of entertainment but also
the concern of what to watch is also rising along. The content-based
recommendation approach does not consider other user profiles while making
recommendations. This will help the user get personalized suggestions for their
input.

3.13 Sentiment Analysis of Movie Review using Machine Learning

Techniques

Title: Sentiment Analysis of Movie Review using Machine Learning

Techniques

Published by: Thirupathi Rao Komati

Related work:

Today's online world was fully filled up with blogs, views, comments, posts
through various websites and social-surfs. People were habituated with posting
every incident into blogs, messed with comments like text and emotions, which
are a mixed bag of sad, happy, worry, cry etc. Analysing such data was called as
Sentimental Analysis. To analysis, these unordered data we use new emerged

38
technology algorithms. Machine learning a transpire technology which is
engaged with almost all the fields, where its algorithms are more powerful that
give with better faultless results. In this paper, we are analyzing tweets based on
movie reviews using the Multinomial Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, and
SVM algorithms to compare score value to show the best text analysis
algorithm.

Methodology:

A model is proposed to analyze the data using tweet dataset. There are few steps
that process the tweets

a. Data Preparation from Twitter

b. Pre-processing

c. Creating dataset

d. Applying Algorithms

Data Preparation from Twitter:

Firstly, to get data for sentiment, we need to retrieve data from Twitter. We
need to access them through Twitter API. Steps as follows,

• Register with Twitter application developer’s portal to get authentication for

getting data from Twitter.

• After the application is created with your twitter account, we need to access
the Access Tokens and Keys, they provided. consumer_secret: < Your Twitter
Consumer Secret Key> consumer_key: <Your Twitter Consumer Key>
access_token: < Your Twitter Access Token Key > access_secret: < Your
Twitter Access Secret Key >

39
• Now run the code to fetch the data from Twitter.

• It creates a TEXT file into the same directory.

Pre-processing of datasets:

A tweet is combination different opinions. It might be structured or unstructured

or uses some different own languages to express the feelings in a Tweet form.
For processing these tweets, we need to first classify them positive and negative
tweets by pre-processing steps that are to be followed as follows,

• Eliminate all URLs, hashtags, targets.

• Correct the spellings and repeated characters.

• Substitute all emotag with their respective sentiments like happy sad, fear etc.

• Eliminate stop words

• Remove Non-Negative Tweets

Creating Datasets:

To process data and extract the file as .csv into your directory,

• For data, pre-processing, extract the data from a text file to process it.

• It follows the all the previous steps to change the data.

• Finally, it automatically creates the .csv file into the same directory.

Conclusion:

Sentiment Analysis is just a part of social media monitoring platform which will
be beneficial for a business to improve the productivity. It shows the ones
feeling or opinion over an object. We conclude by that Multinomial Naïve

40
Bayes with Machine Learning algorithm that produces an improvised result
when compared to the other classifier algorithms for language processing like
Multinomial Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM).

3.14 An Improved Collaborative Movie Recommendation System

using Computational Intelligence

Title: An Improved Collaborative Movie Recommendation System using

Computational Intelligence

Published by: Zan Wang, Xue Yu* , Nan Feng, Zhenhua Wang

Related work:

Recommendation systems have become prevalent in recent years as they

dealing with the information overload problem by suggesting users the most
relevant products from a massive amount of data. For media product, online
collaborative movie recommendations make attempts to assist users to access

41
their preferred movies by capturing precisely similar neighbors among users or
movies from their historical common ratings. However, due to the data sparsely,
neighbor selecting is getting more difficult with the fast increasing of movies
and users. In this paper, a hybrid model-based movie recommendation system
which utilizes the improved K-means clustering coupled with genetic
algorithms (GA) to partition transformed user space is proposed. It employs
principal component analysis (PCA) data reduction technique to dense the
movie population space which could reduce the computation complexity in
intelligent movie recommendation as well. The experiment results on Movielens
dataset indicate that the proposed approach can provide high performance in
terms of accuracy, and generate more reliable and personalized movie
recommendations when compared with the existing methods.

Methodology:

Fast development of internet technology has resulted in explosive growth of

available information over the last decade. Recommendation systems (RS), as
one of the most successful information filtering applications, have become an
efficient way to solve the information overload problem. The aim of
Recommendation systems is to automatically generate suggested items (movies,
books, news, music, CDs, DVDs, webpages) for users according to their
historical preferences and save their searching time online by exacting useful
data. Movie recommendation is the most widely used application coupled with
online multimedia platforms which aims to help customers to access preferred
movies intelligently from a huge movie library. A lot of work has been done
both in the academic and industry area in developing new movie
recommendation algorithms and extensions. The majority of existing
recommendation systems is based on collaborative filtering (CF) mechanism
which has been successfully developed in the past few years. It first collects
ratings of movies given by individuals and then recommends promising movies

42
to target customer based on the “like-minded” individuals with similar tastes
and preferences in the past. There have been many famous online multimedia
platforms (e.g., youtube.com, Netflix.com, and douban.com) incorporated with
CF technique to suggest media products to their customers. However, traditional
recommendation systems always suffer from some inherent limitations: poor
scalability, data sparsity and cold start problems. A number of works have
developed model-based approaches to deal with these problems and proved the
benefits on prediction accuracy in RS. Model-based CF uses the user-item
ratings to learn a model which is then used to generate online prediction.
Clustering and dimensionality reduction techniques are often employed in
model-based approaches to address the data sparse problem. The sparsity issues
arise due to the insufficiency of user’s history rating data and it is made even
more severe in terms of the dramatically growth of users and items. Moreover,
high-dimensional rating data may cause it difficult to extract common
interesting users by similarity computation, which results in poor
recommendations. In the literature, there have been many model-based
recommendation systems developed by partitioning algorithms coupled, such as
Kmeans and self-organizing maps (SOM). The aim of clustering is to divide
users into different groups to form “like-minded” (nearest) neighbors instead of
searching the whole user space, which could dramatically improve the system
scalability. It has been proved that clustering-based recommendation systems
outperform the pure CF-based ones in terms of efficiency and prediction
quality. In many works, the clustering methods are conducted with the entire
dimensions of data which might lead to somewhat inaccuracy and consume
more computation time. In general, making high quality movie
recommendations is still a challenge, and exploring an appropriate and
efficiency clustering method is a crucial problem in this situation.

Conclusion:

43
In this paper we develop a hybrid model-based CF approach to generate movie
recommendations which combines dimensional reduction technique with
clustering algorithm. In the sparse data environment, selection of “like-minded”
neighborhood on the basis of common ratings is a vital function to generate
high quality movie recommendations. In our proposed approach, feature
selection based on PCA was first performed on whole data space, and then the
clusters were generated from relatively low dimension vector space transformed
by the first step. In this way, the original user space becomes much denser and
reliable, and used for neighborhood selection instead of searching in the whole
user space. In addition, to result in best neighborhood, we apply genetic
algorithms to optimize K-means process to cluster similar users. Based on the
Movielens dataset, the experimental evaluation of the proposed approach
proved that it is capable of providing high prediction accuracy and more reliable
movie recommendations for users’ preference comparing to the existing
clustering-based CFs. As for cold-start issue, the experiment also demonstrated
that our proposed approach is capable of generating effective estimation of
movie ratings for new users via traditional movie recommendation systems. As
for future work, we will continue to improve our approach to deal with higher
dimensionality and sparsity issues in practical environment, and will explore
more effective data reduction algorithms to couple with clustering-based CF.
Furthermore, we will study how the variation number of clusters may influence
the movie recommendation scalability and reliability. To generate high
personalized movie recommendations, other features of users, such as tags,
context, and web of trust should be considered in our future studies.

44
 3.15 Matrix Factorization Techniques for Recommender Systems

Title: Matrix Factorization Techniques for Recommender Systems

Published by: Y. Koren, R. Bell and C. Volinsky

Related work:

As the Netflix Prize competition has demonstrated, matrix factorization models

are superior to classic nearest neighbor techniques for producing product
recommendations, allowing the incorporation of additional information such as
implicit feedback, temporal effects, and confidence levels.

45
Modern consumers are inundated with choices. Electronic retailers and content
providers offer a huge selection of products, with unprecedented opportunities
to meet a variety of special needs and tastes. Matching consumers with the most
appropriate products is key to enhancing user satisfaction and loyalty.
Therefore, more retailers have become interested in recommender systems,
which analyze patterns of user interest in products to provide personalized
recommendations that suit a user’s taste. Because good personalized
recommendations can add another dimension to the user experience, e-
commerce leaders like Amazon.com and Netflix have made recommender
systems a salient part of their websites. Such systems are particularly useful for
entertainment products such as movies, music, and TV shows. Many customers
will view the same movie, and each customer is likely to view numerous
different movies. Customers have proven willing to indicate their level of
satisfaction with particular movies, so a huge volume of data is available about
which movies appeal to which customers. Companies can analyze this data to
recommend movies to particular customers.

Methodology:

Matrix factorization methods:

Some of the most successful realizations of latent factor models are based on
matrix factorization. In its basic form, matrix factorization characterizes both
items and users by vectors of factors inferred from item rating patterns. High
correspondence between item and user factors leads to a recommendation.
These methods have become popular in recent years by combining good
scalability with predictive accuracy. In addition, they offer much flexibility for
modeling various real-life situations. Recommender systems rely on different
types of input data, which are often placed in a matrix with one dimension
representing users and the other dimension representing items of interest. The

46
most convenient data is high-quality explicit feedback, which includes explicit
input by users regarding their interest in products. For example, Netflix collects
star ratings for movies, and TiVo users indicate their preferences for TV shows
by pressing thumbs-up and thumbs-down buttons. We refer to explicit user
feedback as ratings. When explicit feedback is not available, recommender
systems can infer user preferences using implicit feedback, which indirectly
reflects opinion by observing user behavior, including purchase history,
browsing history, search patterns, or even mouse movements. Implicit feedback
usually denotes the presence or absence of an event, so it is typically
represented by a densely filled matrix.

Conclusion:

Matrix factorization techniques have become a dominant methodology within

collaborative filtering recommenders. Experience with datasets such as the
Netflix Prize data has shown that they deliver accuracy superior to classical
nearest-neighbor techniques. At the same time, they offer a compact memory-
efficient model that systems can learn relatively easily. What makes these
techniques even more convenient is that models can integrate naturally many
crucial aspects of the data, such as multiple forms of feedback, temporal
dynamics, and confidence levels.

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[1] Jain, A., & Vishwakarma, S. K., Collaborative Filtering for Movie
Recommendation using RapidMiner International Journal of Computer
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[2] J. Sun, G. Wang, X. Cheng, and Y. Fu, Mining affective text to improve
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[4] H. Li, J. Cui, B. Shen, and J. Ma, An intelligent movie recommendation

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[5] Wu, C.-S. M., Garg, D., & Bhandary, U. (2018). Movie Recommendation
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[6] International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

ISSN: 2249 – 8958 (Online), Volume-9 Issue-5, June 2020 556 DOI:
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[7] Reddy, S., Nalluri, S., Kunisetti, S., Ashok, S., & Venkatesh, B. (2018).
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[8] MOVIE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM USING MACHINE

LEARNING ALGORITHM Manjunath Reddy R*1,Ms.LathaR, International
Research and Development Journal in Engineering & Science

[9] Movie Recommendation System Ananya Agarwal1, S. Srinivasan I

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