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Praise for the
“No more Chinglish, please! By using this book and learning English
with simple English, I now know what good grammar should be.”
“This grammar guide, written by Dustin, is great for those who want to
improve their grammar skills. As a business man I used it a lot in my
business communications especially when writing an e-mail for a customer
or a distributor. One of my customers in Sri Lanka told me that my emails
had changed and he thought I had hired a secretary.”
Bangkok, Thailand
This grammar guide is dedicated to all my students of
the past, present and far into the future.
-Dustin Watchman
Table of contents
Future Tense
Preface
Definitions of terms
Additional Resources 68
Preface
In 2011, I embarked on a journey to explore the globe, live for extended
periods of time in many countries, and to meet as many people as I could to
learn about international cultures and how we form opinions about each other
as a human race based on our perceived biases. To accomplish this journey, I
decided that teaching the English language would suit me best in my pursuit
of learning from others. I deeply believe that as a teacher, you can learn
incredible amounts of knowledge from your students. Or, as some would say,
learning is a two way street.
From the input of the students and fellow teachers, I set out to create a
simplified 3 part grammar guide. Each individual book in the series would
cover each of the tenses: Present, Past, and Future. It is color coded for easy
visual references and provides minimal, but effective, worksheets for
immediate practice, as well as additional references for more help.
Dustin Watchman
February 15, 2015
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Adjective: A word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or
grammatically related to a noun to modify or describe it.
Verb TO BE: The verb to be is the most irregular verb in the English
language. It is normally a linking verb showing existence or the condition of
the subject.
1st person: Singular form of the first person is written as “I”. The plural
form including others and yourself is “we”.
2nd person: The second person uses “you”, “your”, and “yours” when
referring to the subject.
3rd person: The third person uses “he”, “she”, and “it” when referring to
the subject.
Instructions on how to best use this grammar guide.
This grammar guide is 4 chapters.
Simple Future
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
PART 2: The second half of each chapter explains the HOW to use it. This is the specific
grammar sentence structure.
Chapter 1
SIMPLE FUTURE
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SIMPLE
FUTURE
future
perfect
Future future
continuous
continuous
Tense
future
perfect
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3
Simple Future
FUNCTIONS
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"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is
one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to
someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that
someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or
"won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
Examples:
Examples:
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Examples:
HINT In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future
and therefore FUNCTIONS 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no
difference in meaning.
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IMPORTANT
In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which FUNCTION the speaker has in mind.
Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.
Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time
expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.
Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used.
Examples:
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Simple Future
FORMS
“How” we use the Simple Future
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VERB FORM
[will + VERB]
Using "will"
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The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.
HINT “Will” can also be replaced with “Be going to” in statements.
Using "will"
Question going
Be Subj Adv Verb Object ?
(?) to
+ + + + + + +
Question going
Wh- Be Subj Adv Verb Object ?
(?) to
Examples:
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Examples:
NOTES___________________________________________________________
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Write Positive (+) and Negative (-) sentences, and Questions (?)
(+) I__________________________________________________________________________
(+)You________________________________________________________________________
(+) He________________________________________________________________________
(+) She________________________________________________________________________
(+) It_________________________________________________________________________
(+) We________________________________________________________________________
(+) They______________________________________________________________________
(-) I__________________________________________________________________________
(-) You________________________________________________________________________
(-) He_________________________________________________________________________
(-) She________________________________________________________________________
(-) It__________________________________________________________________________
(-) We________________________________________________________________________
(-) They_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Who_______________________________________________________________________
(?) What______________________________________________________________________
(?) Where_____________________________________________________________________
(?) When______________________________________________________________________
(?) Why_______________________________________________________________________
(?) How_______________________________________________________________________
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Question
Be Subj going to Verb Object ?
(?)
+ + + + + +
Question
Wh- Be Subj going to Verb Object ?
(?)
Write Positive (+) and Negative (-) sentences, and Questions (?)
(+) I__________________________________________________________________________
(+)You________________________________________________________________________
(+) He________________________________________________________________________
(+) She________________________________________________________________________
(+) It_________________________________________________________________________
(+) We________________________________________________________________________
(+) They______________________________________________________________________
(-) I__________________________________________________________________________
(-) You________________________________________________________________________
(-) He_________________________________________________________________________
(-) She________________________________________________________________________
(-) It__________________________________________________________________________
(-) We________________________________________________________________________
(-) They_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Am I_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Are you____________________________________________________________________
(?) Is he_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Is she______________________________________________________________________
(?) Is it________________________________________________________________________
(?) Are we_____________________________________________________________________
(?) Are they____________________________________________________________________
(?) Who_______________________________________________________________________
(?) What______________________________________________________________________
(?) Where_____________________________________________________________________
(?) When______________________________________________________________________
(?) Why_______________________________________________________________________
(?) How_______________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 2
FUTURE
CONTINUOUS
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simple
future
future
perfect
Future FUTURE
CONTINUOUS
continuous
Tense
future
perfect
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Future Continuous
FUNCTIONS
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Use the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be
interrupted by a shorter action in the future. Remember this can be a real interruption or
just an interruption in time.
Examples:
HINT Notice in the examples above that the interruptions (underlined and in red) are
in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in
time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.
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REMEMBER
In the Simple Future, a specific time is used to show the time an action will begin or
end. In the Future Continuous, a specific time interrupts the action.
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When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it
expresses the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. The actions
are parallel.
Examples:
HINT NOTICE "AM STUDYING" BECAUSE OF THE TIME CLAUSE CONTAINING "WHILE."
(SEE EXPLANATION BELOW)
Examples:
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Like all future tenses, the Future Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with
time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless,
etc. Instead of Future Continuous, Present Continuous is used.
Examples:
While I am going to be studying English, she is going sleep.
Not Correct - Future Continuous
While I am studying English, she is going to sleep.
Correct - Present Continuous
HINT Instead of using Future Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple
Future.
Examples:
We will be being at school when you arrive. Not Correct -Future Continuous
We will be at school when you arrive. Correct -Simple Future
NOTES___________________________________________________________
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Future Continuous
FORMS
“How” we use the Future Continuous
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VERB FORM
[will be + present participle]
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Question
Be Subject going to *be Verbing Object ?
(?)
+ + + + + +
Question
Wh- + Be Subject going to *be Verbing Object ?
(?)
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HINT “Will” can also be replaced with “Be going to” in statements.
Positive
Subj will Adv *be Verbing Object .
(+)
+ + + + + + +
Negative
Subj will not Adv *be Verbing Object .
(-)
Question
Will Subj Adverb *be Verbing Object ?
(?)
+ + + + + + +
Question
Wh- will Subj Adverb *be Verbing Object ?
(?)
Question going
Be Subj Adv *be Verbing Obj ?
(?) to
+ + + + + + + +
Question going
Wh- Be Subj Adv *be Verbing Obj ?
(?) to
Examples:
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Examples:
NOTES___________________________________________________________
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Write Positive (+) and Negative (-) sentences, and Questions (?)
(+) I__________________________________________________________________________
(+)You________________________________________________________________________
(+) He________________________________________________________________________
(+) She________________________________________________________________________
(+) It_________________________________________________________________________
(+) We________________________________________________________________________
(+) They______________________________________________________________________
(-) I__________________________________________________________________________
(-) You________________________________________________________________________
(-) He_________________________________________________________________________
(-) She________________________________________________________________________
(-) It__________________________________________________________________________
(-) We________________________________________________________________________
(-) They_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Who_______________________________________________________________________
(?) What______________________________________________________________________
(?) Where_____________________________________________________________________
(?) When______________________________________________________________________
(?) Why_______________________________________________________________________
(?) How_______________________________________________________________________
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Question going
Be Subject *be Verbing Object ?
(?) to
+ + + + + +
Question going
Wh- + Be Subject *be Verbing Object ?
(?) to
Write Positive (+) and Negative (-) sentences, and Questions (?)
(+) I__________________________________________________________________________
(+)You________________________________________________________________________
(+) He________________________________________________________________________
(+) She________________________________________________________________________
(+) It_________________________________________________________________________
(+) We________________________________________________________________________
(+) They______________________________________________________________________
(-) I__________________________________________________________________________
(-) You________________________________________________________________________
(-) He_________________________________________________________________________
(-) She________________________________________________________________________
(-) It__________________________________________________________________________
(-) We________________________________________________________________________
(-) They_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Am I_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Are you____________________________________________________________________
(?) Is he_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Is she______________________________________________________________________
(?) Is it________________________________________________________________________
(?) Are we_____________________________________________________________________
(?) Are they____________________________________________________________________
(?) Who_______________________________________________________________________
(?) What______________________________________________________________________
(?) Where_____________________________________________________________________
(?) When______________________________________________________________________
(?) Why_______________________________________________________________________
(?) How_______________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 3
FUTURE
PERFECT
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simple
future
future
perfect
Future future
continuous
continuous
Tense
FUTURE
PERFECT
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Future Perfect
FUNCTIONS
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The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action
in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the
future.
Examples:
(+) By the end of this year, I will have passed my final classes.
(+) By the time he comes to class, the teacher is going to have finished the
test.
(?) Will he have learned enough English to understand his classes before
he goes to university?
HINT Notice in the examples above that the reference points (underlined and in red)
are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in
time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.
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With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the
Future Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the future.
Examples:
(+) I will have been in school for 4 years by the time I graduate.
(+) By Friday, We are going to have had three tests in class.
Although the above use of Future Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs
and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study"
are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.
Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with time
expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.
Instead of Future Perfect, Present Perfect is used.
Examples:
I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework.
Not Correct - Future Perfect
I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework.
Correct - Present Perfect
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Future Perfect
FORMS
“How” we use the Future Perfect
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Using "will"
Positive (+) Subject will have Verb(ed) Object .
Negative (-) Subject
+
will
+ not
+
have
+
Verb(ed)
+
Object
+
.
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Question going
Be Subject have Verb(ed) Object ?
(?) to
Question
+ + +
going
+ + + +
Wh- Be Subject have Verb(ed) Object ?
(?) to
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HINT “Will” can also be replaced with “Be going to” in statements.
Positive
Subj will Adv have Verbed Object .
(+)
Negative
+ + + + + + +
Subj will not Adv have Verbed Object .
(-)
Using "will"
Question
Will Subj Adverb have Verbed Object ?
(?)
Question
+ + + + + + +
Wh- will Subj Adverb have Verbed Object ?
(?)
Question going
Be Subj Adv have Verbed Obj ?
(?) to
Question
+ + +
going
+ + + + +
Wh- Be Subj Adv have Verbed Obj ?
(?) to
Examples:
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Examples:
We are going to have completed the project before the deadline. ACTIVE
The project is going to have been completed before the deadline. PASSIVE
NOTES___________________________________________________________
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Write Positive (+) and Negative (-) sentences, and Questions (?)
(+) I__________________________________________________________________________
(+)You________________________________________________________________________
(+) He________________________________________________________________________
(+) She________________________________________________________________________
(+) It_________________________________________________________________________
(+) We________________________________________________________________________
(+) They______________________________________________________________________
(-) I__________________________________________________________________________
(-) You________________________________________________________________________
(-) He_________________________________________________________________________
(-) She________________________________________________________________________
(-) It__________________________________________________________________________
(-) We________________________________________________________________________
(-) They_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Who_______________________________________________________________________
(?) What______________________________________________________________________
(?) Where_____________________________________________________________________
(?) When______________________________________________________________________
(?) Why_______________________________________________________________________
(?) How_______________________________________________________________________
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Question going
Be Subject have Verb(ed) Object ?
(?) to
Question
+ + +
going
+ + + +
Wh- Be Subject have Verb(ed) Object ?
(?) to
Write Positive (+) and Negative (-) sentences, and Questions (?)
(+) I__________________________________________________________________________
(+)You________________________________________________________________________
(+) He________________________________________________________________________
(+) She________________________________________________________________________
(+) It_________________________________________________________________________
(+) We________________________________________________________________________
(+) They______________________________________________________________________
(-) I__________________________________________________________________________
(-) You________________________________________________________________________
(-) He_________________________________________________________________________
(-) She________________________________________________________________________
(-) It__________________________________________________________________________
(-) We________________________________________________________________________
(-) They_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Am I_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Are you____________________________________________________________________
(?) Is he_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Is she______________________________________________________________________
(?) Is it________________________________________________________________________
(?) Are we_____________________________________________________________________
(?) Are they____________________________________________________________________
(?) Who_______________________________________________________________________
(?) What______________________________________________________________________
(?) Where_____________________________________________________________________
(?) When______________________________________________________________________
(?) Why_______________________________________________________________________
(?) How_______________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 4
FUTURE
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
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simple
future
FUTURE
PERFECT
Future future
continuous
CONTINUOUS
Tense
future
perfect
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FUNCTIONS
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We use the Future Perfect Continuous to show that something will continue up until a
particular event or time in the future. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since
Friday" are all durations which can be used with the Future Perfect Continuous. Notice
that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous;
however, with Future Perfect Continuous, the duration stops at or before a reference
point in the future.
Examples:
(+) They will have been studying for over an hour by the time I arrive.
(+) She will have been studying for three years by the time she graduates.
(?) How long will you have been studying when you graduate?
Notice in the examples above that the reference points (underlined and in red) are in
Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because these future events are in
time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.
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Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another action in the future is a good way to
show cause and effect.
Examples:
(+) I will be tired when I get home because I will have been studying all
day in school.
(+) He will speak English perfect because he is going to have been studying
English for over three years.
If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since
Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Future Continuous rather than the
Future Perfect Continuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the
sentence. Future Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Future Perfect
Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the future. Study the
examples below to understand the difference.
Examples:
He will be tired because he will be studying so hard for his final exam.
THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WILL BE TIRED BECAUSE HE WILL BE EXERCISING AT THAT EXACT
MOMENT IN THE FUTURE. – FUTURE CONTINUOUS
He will be tired because he will have been studying so hard for his final
exam.
THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WILL BE TIRED BECAUSE HE WILL HAVE BEEN EXERCISING FOR A
PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT HE WILL STILL BE EXERCISING AT THAT MOMENT OR THAT HE WILL
JUST HAVE FINISHED. – FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
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Like all future forms, the Future Perfect Continuous cannot be used in clauses
beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as
soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Perfect Continuous, Present Perfect
Continuous is used.
Examples:
You won't pass the final exam until you will have been studying enough to
know a higher level of English. Not Correct - Future Perfect Continuous
You won't pass the final exam until you have been studying enough to know
a higher level of English. Correct -Present Perfect Continuous
Examples:
She will have been learning English for over two years.
Not Correct -Future Perfect Continuous
She will have learned English for over two years.
Correct -Future Perfect Continuous
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FORMS
“How” we use the Future Perfect Continuous
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Using "will"
Positive (+) Subject will have been Verbing Object .
+ + + + + + +
Negative (-) Subject will not have been Verbing Object .
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Question going
Be Subj have been Verbing Object ?
(?) to
+ + + + + + + +
Question going
Wh- Be Subj have been Verbing Object ?
(?) to
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Using "will"
Positive (+) Subject + will + Adv + have + been + Verbing + Object + .
Question going
Be + Subj + Adv + + have + been + Verbing + Object + ?
(?) to
Examples:
(+) I will only have been playing football for one hour.
(?) Will you only have been playing football for one hour?
(+) I am going to only have been playing football for one hour.
(?) Are you only going to have been playing football for one hour?
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Examples:
The teacher will have been teaching English for over two years by the time
she is considered for a promotion. ACTIVE
English will have been being taught by the teacher for over two years by
the time a promotion is considered. PASSIVE
The teacher is going to have been teaching English for over two years by
the time she is considered for a promotion. ACTIVE
English is going to have been being taught by the teacher for over two
years by the time a promotion is considered. PASSIVE
HINT Passive forms of the Future Perfect Continuous are not common.
NOTES___________________________________________________________
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Write Positive (+) and Negative (-) sentences, and Questions (?)
(+) I__________________________________________________________________________
(+)You________________________________________________________________________
(+) He________________________________________________________________________
(+) She________________________________________________________________________
(+) It_________________________________________________________________________
(+) We________________________________________________________________________
(+) They______________________________________________________________________
(-) I__________________________________________________________________________
(-) You________________________________________________________________________
(-) He_________________________________________________________________________
(-) She________________________________________________________________________
(-) It__________________________________________________________________________
(-) We________________________________________________________________________
(-) They_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Who_______________________________________________________________________
(?) What______________________________________________________________________
(?) Where_____________________________________________________________________
(?) When______________________________________________________________________
(?) Why_______________________________________________________________________
(?) How_______________________________________________________________________
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Question going
Be Subj have been Verbing Object ?
(?) to
+ + + + + + + +
Question going
Wh- Be Subj have been Verbing Object ?
(?) to
Write Positive (+) and Negative (-) sentences, and Questions (?)
(+) I__________________________________________________________________________
(+)You________________________________________________________________________
(+) He________________________________________________________________________
(+) She________________________________________________________________________
(+) It_________________________________________________________________________
(+) We________________________________________________________________________
(+) They______________________________________________________________________
(-) I__________________________________________________________________________
(-) You________________________________________________________________________
(-) He_________________________________________________________________________
(-) She________________________________________________________________________
(-) It__________________________________________________________________________
(-) We________________________________________________________________________
(-) They_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Am I_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Are you____________________________________________________________________
(?) Is he_______________________________________________________________________
(?) Is she______________________________________________________________________
(?) Is it________________________________________________________________________
(?) Are we_____________________________________________________________________
(?) Are they____________________________________________________________________
(?) Who_______________________________________________________________________
(?) What______________________________________________________________________
(?) Where_____________________________________________________________________
(?) When______________________________________________________________________
(?) Why_______________________________________________________________________
(?) How_______________________________________________________________________
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Question going
Be Subject *be Verbing Object ?
(?) to
+ + + + + +
Question going
Wh- + Be Subject *be Verbing Object ?
(?) to
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Question
Be Subj going to have Verb(ed) Object ?
(?)
+ + + + + + +
Question Wh
Be Subj going to have Verb(ed) Object ?
(?) -
Positive going
(+)
Subj Be have been Verbing Object .
to
+ + + + + + + +
Negative going
Subj Be not have been Verbing Object .
(-) to
Question going
Be Subj have been Verbing Object ?
(?) to
+ + + + + + + +
Question going
Wh- Be Subj have been Verbing Object ?
(?) to
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SIMPLE
FUTURE
FUTURE
PERFECT
Future FUTURE
CONTINUOUS
Tense
CONTINUOUS
FUTURE
PERFECT
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http://writingcenter.uiowa.edu/resources
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/grammar-girl
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/1/5/
http://www.grammarly.com/
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