Liceo de Cagayan University

Senior High School Department

RNP Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City

STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2

Subject: General Chemistry 2
Topic: Chemical Kinetics
Name: Bernadette D. Panugalinog Grade and Section: G12 - STEM 22

Deadline: April 25, 2023

Learning Competencies:

∙ Describe how various factors influence the rate of a reaction.

∙ Write the mathematical relationship between the rate of a reaction, rate constant, and
concentration of the reactants.
∙ Differentiate zero-, first-, and second-order reactions.

General Instructions: Provide your answers in the space provided for each item.
1. What are the three major methods/ factors that increases the rate of a reaction? From the
perspective of collision theory, explain how each of these methods increases the reaction rate.

a.) Concentration and Surface Area of the Reactants

Reaction rate and concentration are directly correlated; the chemical reaction's rate rises as the
reaction's solution concentration rises. Just like the concentration, the response rate will speed
up as the surface area grows.

b.) Temperature
A direct correlation between temperature and response time exists as well. As the temperature
increases, the molecules will move faster and more frequently, increasing the chance of
successful collisions and product creation in the process.

c.) Presence of Catalysts

Catalysts will accelerate a chemical reaction by reducing the reaction's energy without being
spent by the reaction itself; this is known as enhancing the rate of reaction.
2. Why do large crystals of sugar burn more slowly than finely ground sugar?
This is because big sugar crystals, which are more densely packed and have fewer exposed
sections than finely crushed sugar, have a smaller surface area that is exposed to the reaction.
Finely ground sugar with greater exposed surface area will react or, in this example, burn faster
than huge sugar crystals because it will be simpler for the reaction to operate on all of the finely
powdered sugar because surface area directly correlates with reaction rate.
 Liceo de Cagayan University
Senior High School Department
RNP Boulevard, Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City
3. Differentiate zero-order, first-order, and second-order chemical reaction and determine the
units for each of the following if the concentrations are expressed in moles per liter and the time
in seconds.

a. Zero-order rate law

unit: M/s
This occurs when the rate does not alter (does not fluctuate or remains constant) in response to
changes in concentration. Meaning that the rate itself is unaffected by the concentration; if a
reactant doubles, the rate will remain the same.:

if [A]^0 = 2^0 , then rate = 1

if [A]^0 = 4^0 , then rate = 1
(Zero-order with respect to [A])

b. First-order rate law

unit: 1/s
This is the case where the relationship between concentration and reaction rate is linear or
exactly proportional, meaning that if the concentration of one reactant doubles, the reaction
rate for that particular reactant should also double:

if [B]^1 = 2^1 , then rate = 2

if [B]^1 = 4^1 , then rate = 4
(First-order with respect to [B])

c. Second-order rate law

unit: 1/(M * s)
When the rate is proportional to the square of the reactant, this is the case. This means that if
the concentration of a reactant is doubled, the rate with respect to that reactant should
quadruple:

if [A]^2 = 2^2 , then rate = 4

if [A]^2 = 4^2 , then rate = 16
(Second-order with respect to [C])

4. The reaction CHCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) → CCl4 (g) + HCl (g) has the following rate law: Rate =
k[CHCl3][Cl2]. If the concentration of CHCl3 is increased by a factor of five while the
concentration of Cl2 is kept the same, what will happen to the rate? Explain.

rate = k[CHCl3] [Cl2]; ([CHCl3] is increased by a factor of 5)

assuming that both [CHCl3] and [Cl2] = 1 if, rate = k (5[CHCl3]) [Cl2]
rate = k[1] [1] rate = k (5 [1]) [1])
rate = 1k (original) then, rate = 5k

EXPLANATION:

Both concentrations follow the first-order rate law, which stipulates that rates
should rise in direct proportion to concentrations. As a result, if a concentration is
increased by a factor of 5, the rate should also increase by a factor of 5, and if the [Cl2] is
left unchanged, multiplying it by the increase will also produce a rate that is five times
higher than the original rate.

5. The following rate data were obtained at 25°C for the following reaction.
Chemical Reaction: 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) → 2NOCl(g)
 Trials [A] (M) [B] (M) Rate (M/s)

1 0.20 0.20 4.0 x10-4

2 0.60 0.60 12.0 x10-4

3 0.20 0.60 4.0 x10-4

4 0.40 0.80 12.0 x10-4

a. What is the rate law expression?

rate = k [A]^m [B]^n

rate = k [NO]^1 [Cl2^]0

b. What is the overall order of the reaction?

[NO] [Cl2]

Trial 3 = 0.20 M ; rate = 4.0 x 10^-4
Trial 2 = 0.60 M ; rate = 12.0 x 10^-4
The relationship with the concentrations of
Trial 3 and 2 was tripled (3x);
While the rates with respect to both
concentrations were also multiplied tripled
(3x)
Trial 1 = 0.20 M ; rate = 4.0 x10^-4
Trial 3 = 0.60 M ; rate = 4.0 x10^-4
The relationship with the concentrations of
Trial
1 and 3 was tripled (3x);
While the rates with respect to both
concentrations remain the same.

First-order with respect to [2NO] Zero-order with respect to [Cl2]

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Senior High School Department
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c. Determine the K constant for this chemical reaction.

TRIALS [NO] (M) [Cl2] (M) Rate (M/s)

3 0.20 0.60 4.0 x10^-4

rate = k [NO]^1 [Cl2^]0

k = rate / ([NO]^1 [Cl2]^0 )
k = 4.0x10^-4 / ([0.20]^1 [0.60]^0 )
k = 4.0x10^-4 / ([0.20][1])
k = 4.0x10^-4 / (0.20)
k = 0.002 1/s
k = 0.002/s

6. In a laboratory experiment, the data shown below were obtained at 23°C.

Chemical Reaction: 2NH3 (g) + 3O2 (g) + 2CH4 (g) → 2HCN (g) + 6H2O

Trials [ NH3] (M) [O2] (M) [CH4] (M) Rate M/s

1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

 2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4

3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.8

4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2

a. What is the rate law expression?

rate = k [A]^m [B]^n
rate = k [NH3]^1 [O2]^2 [CH4^0

b. What is the overall order of the reaction?

[NH3] [O2] [CH4]

Trial 1: 0.2 M ; 0.2 M/s Trial 1: 0.2 M ; 0.2 M/s Trial 1: 0.2 M ; 0.2 M/s
Trial 2: 0.4 M ; 0.4 M/s Trial 3: 0.4 M ; 0.8 M/s Trial 4: 0.4 M ; 0.2 M/s

Both the concentration and
the rate from trial 1 were
doubled in trial 2 (2x).
First-order with respect to
[NH3]
Concentration of trial 1 was
doubled; while the rate was
quadrupled (4x).
Second-order with respect to
[O2]
Concentration of trial 1 was
doubled, but the rate
remained constant on both
Trials.
Zero-order with respect to
[CH4]

First-order [NH3] + Second-order [O2] + Zero-order [CH4] = Third-order overall

c. Determine the K constant for this chemical reaction.

USING TRIAL NO.3

TRIALS [ NH3] (M) [O2] (M) [CH4] (M) Rate M/s

3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.8

rate = k [NH3]^1 [O2]^2 [CH4]^0
k = rate / ([NH3]^1 [O2]^2 [CH4]^0)
k = 0.8 / ([0.2]^1 [0.4]^2 [0.2]^0 )
k = 0.8 / ([0.2][0.16][1])
k = 0.8 / ([0.2][0.16][1])
k = 0.8 / (0.032)
k = 25 1/ M^2 * s
k = 25/ M^2 *s