Q1.

What do you understand by machine leaning and human learning

Ans: Machine learning: Machine learning is a programming computers to performance
criterion using example data or past experience. We have a model to defined upto some
parameter and learning is the execution of the computer program to the optimize the
parameter of the model using the training data or past experience. The model may be
predictive to make the prediction in the future or descriptive to gain knowledge data or both
Human Learning : Human acquire knowledge through experience either directly or shared
by others. Humans beings learns by memorizing. In humans, the learning speed depends on
the individuals and in machine learning, speed depends upon algorithm, skill is a
manifestation of intelligence possessed by humans and intelligent is ability to apply that
knowledge.

Q2. Difference between supervised and unsupervised learning

Ans:

  SUPERVISED LEARNING UNSUPERVISED LEARNING

Uses Known and Labeled Data as

Input Data input Uses Unknown Data as input

Computational
Complexity Less Computational Complexity More Computational Complex

Real Time Uses off-line analysis Uses Real Time Analysis of Data

Number of
Classes Number of Classes are known Number of Classes are not known

Accuracy of Moderate Accurate and Reliable

Results Accurate and Reliable Results Results

Output data  Desired output is given. Desired output is not given.

In supervised learning it is not In unsupervised learning it is

possible to learn larger and possible to learn larger and more
more complex models than with complex models than  with
Model  supervised learning unsupervised learning

In supervised learning training In unsupervised learning training

Training data data is used to infer model  data is not used.

Supervised learning is also called Unsupervised learning is also

Another name  classification. called clustering.

Test of model  We can test our model. We can not test our model.

Example   Optical Character Recognition Find a face in an image.

Q3. Explain Reinforcement machine learning?

o Ans: Reinforcement Learning is a feedback-based Machine learning technique in

which an agent learns to behave in an environment by performing the actions and
seeing the results of actions. For each good action, the agent gets positive feedback,
and for each bad action, the agent gets negative feedback or penalty.
o In Reinforcement Learning, the agent learns automatically using feedbacks without
any labeled data, unlike supervised learning.
o Since there is no labeled data, so the agent is bound to learn by its experience only.
o RL solves a specific type of problem where decision making is sequential, and the
goal is long-term, such as game-playing, robotics, etc.
o The agent interacts with the environment and explores it by itself. The primary goal
of an agent in reinforcement learning is to improve the performance by getting the
maximum positive rewards.

Terms used in Reinforcement Learning

o Agent(): An entity that can perceive/explore the environment and act upon it.
o Environment(): A situation in which an agent is present or surrounded by. In RL, we
assume the stochastic environment, which means it is random in nature.
o Action(): Actions are the moves taken by an agent within the environment.
o State(): State is a situation returned by the environment after each action taken by
the agent.
o Reward(): A feedback returned to the agent from the environment to evaluate the
action of the agent.
o Policy(): Policy is a strategy applied by the agent for the next action based on the
current state.
o Value(): It is expected long-term retuned with the discount factor and opposite to
the short-term reward.
o Q-value(): It is mostly similar to the value, but it takes one additional parameter as a
current action (a).